<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-24-050776.txt : 20240424
<SEC-HEADER>0001104659-24-050776.hdr.sgml : 20240424
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240424060445
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-24-050776
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	20-F
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		128
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20231231
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240424
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240424

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Niu Technologies
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001744781
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	MOTOR VEHICLES & PASSENGER CAR BODIES [3711]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	04 Manufacturing
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			E9
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		20-F
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-38696
		FILM NUMBER:		24866613

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		NO.1 BLDG., NO. 195 HUILONGGUAN EAST RD.
		STREET 2:		CHANGPING DISTRICT
		CITY:			BEIJING
		STATE:			F4
		ZIP:			102208
		BUSINESS PHONE:		861064321899

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		NO.1 BLDG., NO. 195 HUILONGGUAN EAST RD.
		STREET 2:		CHANGPING DISTRICT
		CITY:			BEIJING
		STATE:			F4
		ZIP:			102208
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>20-F
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>niu-20231231x20f.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 20-F
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?>
<!-- iXBRL document created with: Toppan Merrill Bridge iXBRL 10.6.2.5 -->
<!-- Based on: iXBRL 1.1 -->
<!-- Created on: 4/24/2024 9:00:20 AM -->
<!-- iXBRL Library version: 1.0.8826.24652 -->
<!-- iXBRL Service Job ID: 392d1c04-53a5-40d6-af1e-572eb6d1d55d -->
<html xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:niu="http://www.niu.com/20231231" xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:ixt-sec="http://www.sec.gov/inlineXBRL/transformation/2015-08-31" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2022" xmlns:currency="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022" xmlns:ix="http://www.xbrl.org/2013/inlineXBRL" xmlns:ref="http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref" xmlns:utr="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/utr" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022" xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ixt="http://www.xbrl.org/inlineXBRL/transformation/2015-02-26" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi"><head><meta content="text/html" http-equiv="content-type"/><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="display:none;"><ix:header><ix:hidden><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" xs:nil="true" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingencies" id="Hidden_pfIVMrmnJEuEEa5QNB2MuQ"/><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" xs:nil="true" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingencies" id="Hidden_VC8s1EBeOEKmp2sqc6J8CQ"/><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" xs:nil="true" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingencies" id="Hidden_SWynyzei-U2gfMnX9ug9Cw"/><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:EntityCentralIndexKey" id="Tc_udaOt4p_lUuHTtL6iRh4FA_2_1">0001744781</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" id="Tc_4WJfbmh5GUOcT1-Vf_z-Sg_3_1">--12-31</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:DocumentFiscalYearFocus" id="Tc_o7dI2iNx00qpE4w7xLqZfQ_4_1">2023</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" id="Tc_1YzetX3I6E-PNosq0zaejg_5_1">FY</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:AmendmentFlag" id="Tc_oJ-ZJCqWsE-no20iJXXmBw_6_1">false</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_OxWhr0QU4UmdQxG5LEGutg" name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="Tc_nuCBywFm_0mWhrdSj3eAGQ_7_1">NIU</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList" id="Hidden_eA6bIcPJpkyCflWLMDCiXg">http://www.niu.com/20231231#AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_M93oFKmFzUKPZCNeu_IQWw" decimals="INF" name="niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" id="Hidden_ybP4HSr9FE2A1XUau1TOYw">0.15</ix:nonFraction><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_QGyMqC-0sUqug0nO7X0W7g" decimals="INF" name="niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" id="Hidden_nAWNeOQZRkOVRlo3Tk-qIQ">0.15</ix:nonFraction><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA" decimals="INF" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" id="Hidden_kHFrTdnof0udwmG1FdeAtw">137719542</ix:nonFraction><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA" decimals="INF" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" id="Hidden_Fy4xRf2igE-BxL3RAn2IVg">138575010</ix:nonFraction><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw" decimals="INF" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" id="Hidden_J1lFFxk0XkqM3MW2up0M6Q">16542020</ix:nonFraction><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw" decimals="INF" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" id="Hidden_EHEIjtjW2EGO9UKBbgzXzA">16542020</ix:nonFraction><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA" decimals="INF" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" id="Hidden_kkUKHfKX3UCP6k41CZgULw">16542020</ix:nonFraction><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_vkqj_lcankWO7d_17yVfLg" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="Hidden_Z7G7NzI6vEaUSjcHx9VtrQ">P3Y</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_6TUqowbLjEaXebsvE_IoAg" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="Hidden_Nc2zRlK-6EWAcMIP63pLsw">P3Y</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_zIKtIYlhlUGnCPrAreqbSQ" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="Hidden_CLqBnDxKQUCwGuCoEtTZVg">P2Y</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_gn-Bnv17zkOVABH1rouxKw" name="niu:MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" id="Hidden_xRIWjE1q9k-fPL-UH6XUqg">P1Y</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20250101_3PsXSgSx0k230mS8DXUuhg" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" id="Hidden_BlnXwXjTuEaqBf1xJ-hxAA">P12M</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_iWHzBphi2UKOx6UWzUC0cQ" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" id="Hidden_If5kjX9RkEWGRKn63eLGUw">P5Y</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_VqsWeNBd7EqP1hIx4BPTrw" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" id="Hidden_PCxj2VxiEECapTNsgKNneA">P5Y</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_7_1_2021_To_7_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_7e6joQ8veUWkqE8M2COTDA" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm" id="Hidden_MQWxeSD9ckKbqUKecM-J1A">P10M</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_5_1_2022_To_5_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_VuhudGRF6UeNBuMRDahdmA" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm" id="Hidden_WGtW1H8hcU-4RiGx8otOig">P1Y</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_6_1_2021_To_6_30_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_ewQ_r0trykSHa46CgxLnzw" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm" id="Hidden_fxxYv-mlJUumQroHbL025w">P2Y</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_3_1_2023_To_3_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_dvBpHyXyL0KijXP-p1t88w" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm" id="Hidden_7FZnOL4pN0-uoNeJcYaKPw">P12M</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_S51lqJ1k80Cx3W0O0eqiPA" name="niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" id="Hidden_vgM1-5mh10S1eI0guvGEPA">P24M</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember_wgANziC6c0GFTw0MG3nCEQ" name="niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" id="Hidden_ZObh1wVXwUCkCj2GQCYAfg">P36M</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2024_To_12_31_2024_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_srt_StatementScenarioAxis_srt_ScenarioForecastMember_TqpRuvYncUy2744dJcFmAA" decimals="INF" name="niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" id="Hidden_xzmrLM8Bck24mMJGeBXvWQ">0.15</ix:nonFraction><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList" id="Hidden_TiFC9rcIt06q_jde-_ll9Q">http://www.niu.com/20231231#AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent</ix:nonNumeric></ix:hidden><ix:references><link:schemaRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd"/></ix:references><ix:resources><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_z1bJW4rYXkCKBMi1xFZ2YQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_CS5iCpoLXUam6XjydGmhuQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_TPH2MohUqUqGaYi3k0W2Pw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_mnCMUrjWk0ysd2bZMqC31w"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_fPHDrkfuo0qY6viwWEKSJw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_cRt43KydYEqcP3ZBNXe38g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_c-7C3CAEtUClQkVMdJKWSQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2021-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_ubqeRh4XnUSzf4MpWD8W0g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2021-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_HHUrLk5pU0qHPpno-B236g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2021-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_z0SFeGHLzES_hQXzx8zTHg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2020-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_CNAxB7l45EONtn7vWGwDVg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2020-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_PVavdicvkEW5rRxWL5QT9Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2020-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_a0IAHGXXx0GCgL9zLZv0ng"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">us-gaap:SecuredDebtMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_NO3PDLqEnUqFer2F14Wclg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">us-gaap:SecuredDebtMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_UUjTEesuFU23Y7XrSWup6Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_5Gca9mf5z0eHEgwfdxlLbg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_79MAWzEkJ0uQyMrUfyxnHA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_DCDRZoESgkWOIczbfXiixg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2021-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_kfnz2g0yg0OwBh95Oxo-wg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2020-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2020_To_12_31_2020_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_OgP5L8MxjkaH9g-9H66Htg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2020-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2020-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_9_1_2018_To_9_30_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_YJS5JIFOxEe08TI4UmSD9Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2018-09-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2018-09-30</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Z7U0b2Nea0uyto0FnSt8lA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_W77D69QjL0yi9cLscn9QwA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_rDAVseOtEEyjKHqkToUvOQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_9_30_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_n_wvDWIYFUu5iFbrefCr8Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2018-09-30</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_3_31_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_bdk2fhw3Z0-lOkNkM6tSFw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2018-03-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_4qfubFks2EW1p8WUz7a02w"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_sBNFsFdvWUSmxdIWg2zRHw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_P74Tyv7oF0KJYgqqmTXx5g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_3_1_2018_To_3_31_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_Cf7GZROJtkigzjFaGAkfWQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2018-03-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2018-03-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_4L8d61shKEy2SU4c66_JXA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember_Ai6WJ304o0C-1HsijYIWeg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20250101_3PsXSgSx0k230mS8DXUuhg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:typedMember dimension="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis"><us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain>2025-01-01</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain></xbrldi:typedMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20250101_n0js8UhqoEyYu6q5r1RtmQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:typedMember dimension="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis"><us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain>2025-01-01</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain></xbrldi:typedMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20250101_vbTE5s1rFk-RJaGUYi5_lA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:typedMember dimension="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis"><us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain>2025-01-01</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain></xbrldi:typedMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20240101_a40IKuzL70myDF1Pc0AwFA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:typedMember dimension="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis"><us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain>2024-01-01</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain></xbrldi:typedMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_VBmuk4Qd-kK6CvZz7tNs1g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ServiceMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_srt_EuropeMember_8TVFOiiVz0uVVezJgV8bog"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">srt:EuropeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_bleBLsP0MUSW4P2SvtUcVw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:OtherCountriesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_8kFTFNpK50illq8oaP7XTg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:ElectricScooterSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_kXXzz18MSEO171UdQfJ_tg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_LQpBk3jgxUewL8qyxKETCw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ServiceMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_srt_EuropeMember_fbOKUp5yS0GTmEFZaAq6Iw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">srt:EuropeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_ynVIJvGDhEyf__aKGjtyQw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:OtherCountriesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_o1cgg7yTJ0Ot-tjoAaG0IQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:ElectricScooterSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_vhP4KwhhhUydB4nNwizi6w"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_3qkIUpLRNEmWMo7Jg5wc8w"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_ytCyBXordU6KCarhZvA7Ow"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ServiceMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_srt_EuropeMember_PlQcrWiArUCWCf3n9q4EOw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">srt:EuropeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_wMd2PYqRXUuhZ-FX3Yq0Ng"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:OtherCountriesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_l2uEzkhoG0S3kbSKOMQmSg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:ElectricScooterSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_1XN4Rd2kmkCNLypwu3Atkg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_6X6csY3VoUu9sux7l3fxBQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_9_1_2021_To_9_30_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_hdDLfuJ11E6RKfhcFJ8fUg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-09-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-09-30</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_xiQ-WUvqc0W9Nl93jLGYTg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:VehiclesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_zIKtIYlhlUGnCPrAreqbSQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_vkqj_lcankWO7d_17yVfLg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_6TUqowbLjEaXebsvE_IoAg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_aKbhnd_th0eXIjYhzTuYYQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:VehiclesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_Q8yxAdfT7km81FZZdGfNJA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_FtawwohI2kyzizGLIMihzw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_AtlRiWm14EaoG--hCetoxg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_JszbtrYYvUqldszPj65sPA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:BuildingMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_NjT4bawxfkmU0s11prghGQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:VehiclesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_1CpipKNCy0yQCTG94ySFOQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_eyXX5t_Chk-BOijXjnWmBw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_fZXMdeozMECj0JhlbCI7GQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_0BdcBb7jKkGZrIYMG7tw8A"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_ash29zfx8E6i_TVHIQBMbA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:BuildingMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_19nyTjDHd0-y6KH1cCSWqg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:VehiclesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_YerAz4tUV02g5g8A6YOqew"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_4gw4GVMbI0mrnVez2V3fzA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_NjHz_tOV9UavVjLk555YTg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_GoZSBSwA0UqNPnpoi3BbAQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_9t0MWCqmY0urO2hbHq-QxA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:BuildingMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_12_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_5NJ9LuEYgEea0XcokI8_JA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-12-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2020_To_12_31_2020_5znWbKx89UChp_s6Jm-nvQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2020-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2020-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tBZSH1ASIUGZm94dSUhodw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_agEVT4aYDE-6uhlFHeNkcQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tmpeG-uB_kOnBu8I7v0dSQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_ekTN0GaQgU2GPP4iGHnfKg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_VkO_rpuUX0Sa1Pc22yWigQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_AlzehEETVkuKybcVe9sM8Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_3_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_gMrqZGxsDUKOvde48GpPsw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-03-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_4_30_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_ry_8FrMgWUqy6AU8Wg4hGg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:LongtermDebtTypeAxis">us-gaap:NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-04-30</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_ZsdDFATxsEmpyMVjBRBTbA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:LongtermDebtTypeAxis">us-gaap:NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2021-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_6_30_2021_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_CgsuS7H1w0i2rFEBeLxWKA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2021-06-30</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_8_1_2023_To_8_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_jAgO19GLmUeomgAsPEJyOQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-08-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-08-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_6_1_2023_To_6_30_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_V4D6ydE10kWzXxUo898KlQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-06-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-06-30</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_1_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_LMpOQcgXhkeYkxGXZgazKQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-01-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_12_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_dUwIg93lHEu7MKrW8pO9wg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-12-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_6_1_2022_To_6_30_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_bBIEYlUpoESkwYQofOjmxw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-06-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-06-30</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_UjWPCLqZCUWhfzBicN5jTw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis">us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_ZEuk0M-6dU-wkp8LHNtudw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:US</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_HWSiBTTjHEyM2VN8Apz85A"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_mX2lQl8JWkaLfm2WXUoJaw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_HKD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember__giZWpfCY06TDUoS0yG01g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:HKD</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_GBP_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_eZjNIBZCU0iUZJ9v4BFEKQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:GBP</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_EUR_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_mtx7_bgf10OB8hv4_WxauQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:EUR</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_b_CovhmzXE-CKFU-CTstBw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:CNY</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_WGJLf8OeX0CpJ_DXwKSUlA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:OtherCountriesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_L78k-H4mu0io6dkUrNfAgw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:US</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_EJrBKbuqi0WMAJOZfqor4w"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_OzxiPPQyH0qegvBxGzBWVA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_dWMU-oEN-Eq-eJVMW-fVjw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_iF4CmOdI20-3WrpN6Nm1mg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:US</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_JLMxGGUU4UypUBmtEqI9Cg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_ERE8N88Mdkq8k94VfoWasA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_HKD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_oM-RX93HvE2MFyOCFj7v8A"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:HKD</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_GBP_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_oKoCstFkI02gvks_SWelqg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:GBP</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_EUR_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_qk9gR1CZz0OO92MfyDLsjQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:EUR</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_8w4AjCOy0065lGjzDVtfwQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:CNY</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_Gb3qXIsqnkKRCBa3P65-fA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:OtherCountriesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_STXxbX0eCkCWsli7qJ6WAg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:US</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_LjnLfeUNPUOxhxMNHbSjSw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_Q_8WbiR0YUiau-_TfyAkCA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_YY4D5Jv8-0GlbRCOhHHaDw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_936I0pLCNUyxCcThF4G3IA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember__FZc7axZNEWsuT5yKoGpJA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_VG_mooluSOVKkCqDH5rXxMNwg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:VG</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_KY_J96yfxI7XUqLzGeqrUHrAQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:KY</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_owDyuEAgt0mgLPxSWBa4Yg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_VG_RZiZrhKtikGhfhDZFkgImw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:VG</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_KY_xrgar0ia7kmj1cTOR52afA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:KY</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_1rsY55RJdkiGWRySpfOPrQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:ID</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_QH7YZ83yT0mxA8Ov7JqNuw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_x2gPx_Lz60qhef3KCBVxBg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_KY_E6DLfb5SlEaIZU7jC62N7Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:KY</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_9nvOzy33kEeM3tgHfE-qTg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:ID</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_7ojZEGi1iEurn8zQJmPexg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_XLHgDLneWkKDzWNyCsoCNg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:InvestmentTypeAxis">us-gaap:ShortTermInvestmentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_iWHzBphi2UKOx6UWzUC0cQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:TrademarksMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_VqsWeNBd7EqP1hIx4BPTrw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:InternetDomainNamesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_e5zMMs5QMU2B3m0Mk2VfMg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:TrademarksMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_DJGYvi6xrUOtFypiajinLQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:InternetDomainNamesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember__YX7v9Em4UuYGMytpHf5OA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:LicensingAgreementsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_Eu1Tl4UWtEyHjSnbMcb42w"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:TrademarksMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_X9gAfk4DwkWedliz8ieB1A"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:InternetDomainNamesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_5Ll-C1YjU0aLZkecDP5dDQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:TrademarksMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_CNZXqPgtA0-207nBehQ5qg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:InternetDomainNamesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_AbvC3HIgSUOax_EYatAdYw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:LicensingAgreementsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_uIlcA0eww0OBPIrdqr8HWg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:TrademarksMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_2Vt9TLxcpUWWCOYDpnWoow"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:LicensingAgreementsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_aaRqrBuA90WzVqUj2Y-THA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:InternetDomainNamesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_kAaanzgMkEmA1WAt8H5lCg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:TrademarksMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_V_dvrV4_1kyEt7qCuySjMw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:LicensingAgreementsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_Eun9oalkkk6ED56jJQb0ig"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:InternetDomainNamesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_bWdmlSnrcU2p8MEKEH1elg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_AxIkC0k8kESiFASLwmE5FQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_fx6z95hMY0a2QsSib8CUWQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:US</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_L7ApZIrDmkOW8M3A_XDbIg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:ID</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_zW-pcFeiLEK0m9pJMOmKmg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_tzgSGhuRvESa9cNqLDbS0g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:LongtermDebtTypeAxis">us-gaap:NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_WZhpsAUQuUiMLD3rgnOp6g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTypeAxis">niu:ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_TV9boRY2VEOjOWWhf7tweQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:LongtermDebtTypeAxis">us-gaap:NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_qizgDdEgb0SGqt5qxvyAPg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTypeAxis">niu:ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_3_1_2023_To_3_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_dvBpHyXyL0KijXP-p1t88w"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-03-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-03-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_5_1_2022_To_5_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_VuhudGRF6UeNBuMRDahdmA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-05-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-05-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_4_1_2022_To_4_30_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_GAjx6TzH00Ox4WvExfefNA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-04-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-04-30</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_7_1_2021_To_7_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_7e6joQ8veUWkqE8M2COTDA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-07-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-07-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_6_1_2021_To_6_30_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_ewQ_r0trykSHa46CgxLnzw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-06-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-06-30</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_5_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_rtBe2EMsCU6i4NqUV0bVXQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-05-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_7_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_aAaVv2zms0CC28QBLOxFHQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2021-07-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_wFuStdNe-UqGUgZiplDZrA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ShippingAndHandlingMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_QyGSsOyOcUOEhvozkwsqJw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ShippingAndHandlingMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_lkcXwjTHPU6O6twmKbO59g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ShippingAndHandlingMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_5_17_2021_To_5_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_8klqBh4F4EKFu5-3bvz7UQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-05-17</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-05-17</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierYMember_-dqrYhPiD06FGaVZq6pb0Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:CostOfGoodsTotalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:SupplierConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis">niu:SupplierYMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_3JJPkK7HmUyLoT7UckSDQw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_QaxDYWRdO0mK0QuT8j_8vA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerDMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">niu:CustomerAdvancesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerCMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_eCPfmjig002x0Cx2TIWkrQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerCMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_pJL2qmoCu02BlbSCnj54mg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_Wq0ylAZUX0O6he62ZyXAVA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:CostOfGoodsTotalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:SupplierConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis">niu:SupplierXMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_HS56pfLnUEG6fbXlhJn3dw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerDMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">niu:CustomerAdvancesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_YAg6s-f-LUmi4n_IAwk0Cw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_utnvPeIfCE2QVrfrn2oijA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:CostOfGoodsTotalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:SupplierConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis">niu:SupplierXMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_iy3sN5cnc0aXy6sCNqD_ng"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_gxD3sTM5XUayIHt3asa3xg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_pkHkAXPpWUeCYaK-uHRZow"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_faZsmGtixkCGyg80a3U5wA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_niu_CommonClassOtherMember_osWGFc2jdkG9-ZSAA0CtDw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">niu:CommonClassOtherMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_u2wC9iXgJE-EoTq9cqRd4Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_hSfJqgRB8E648EQaju8Fxw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_GiCUHku0Mky03i4j9WXYKw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_6ZY9-3rVGk-ZoXZSuCuH7g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2021-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_ja-mpkvW0E6KBisRUh5P8Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2021-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_Zz-BnbdK3EevMi7iPKDSRw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2020-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_h5_oHA6b7EmUNNGjd-U0DQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2020-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_sJut541YS0CnP2pp3w-OzA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_pr8Gi55sWEqsMbfN2g3rug"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_CjoNwIRmiECrALbFPpNGrA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_0NKA6jA2L0G2kH7ZvVVoFA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2020-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_q2rvfhcH20WJYOZETjYY1Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_clk4jZuTu0WPwZEz6foefA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_aUewr1qKuEO7cDMdbva5KA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_2Ud5-fkpEUScJwllT8ZHWw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_tqapIIf0D0mwzR4wfNVXHg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_fTTzgVEZkkeDls4i5_M5og"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_ehS-2b0Wt0yr6BY10hjMkw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_Vwc9ChF7sE2p3sFWc9uNfw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_wdSxrXkT0UqQos3lUiPESg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_P6Dd69lsoUu91Bu0Eo26bA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_eE-2YksTV0OOkz6YbnqOnw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_ASRhET5nrUKk2RhgEhb9hQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_qfsKZjbDVUCsL4HyyXfzyg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_e3bDz8bGBUazL1e7L8DR6A"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_7MlPZnfy7E2B6U6yMZ2gww"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_c7ibVYJX9Emq0RbffSFV5w"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_BKLDuNY-qkerfHQPXfc5hA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_1__Js1QnEk2siyYgZoMHOA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_EOs5SstHnk6y8WpVunNu0g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_YuKV1LdF40-ZcarMzNFsMg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_Xr-cqZcpfUuhRQOMKISycw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_XonR2eO7EEiaAM0AVzfy7Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember__CZFuZYbskeC8vavSWDHhw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_b5t2QWBoo0GdoafbOATjow"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_mRudbltL10ea92JiAA-hnA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_v8ijbTzDAkOeoiUibk8mLQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_FXbEnQyjzEWxbCF37rcsng"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_wGR3uo0agEaB7mAAwjQzVA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_LYCsvlV_9UO4ip4BWXj9Kw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_39PYaeQS-EmHQNG2ECVbFA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zd66NfydVEeAZRDtqBYfTA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_qCL6lIdLG0ugeOWlx5nUUg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_XfUlioHuvkeTE6ynKRiZKA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_fkEDuiKmUk-PB8WZqfUDmw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_fmMfWdhIDEaqwe286etOJg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_W2lfvZbbh0KCvbLNHBXe2Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_WG1pc_8lrEOY_bymyMVsew"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_ykjpsjjLr0-C2sMrkTfNoQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_XEcI_SH3pE-sSrqpzVPtLg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_Qlqy4Fhh802wG7hmzrtUdQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_mzyutG9yOkeSznoIibR7wQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_LItJGHQBcUudzuLWFuleOg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_gMnzhk-wo02J0MyUatyypA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerCMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_53W8oizscEeQqUbdFcE3aw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerCMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_jmawffnKmEawLjXYAeZ-eg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_Vs0AnYuIekO3cE4OTGNM9A"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_zLDH1-ZVckiDQeNS2w0JWw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ServiceMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ProductMember_BMUP_vr9mkm0GIV5gMuFKg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ProductMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_WbYOoLtJLEiuqtAZivMiiA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_DjNYBvMGskmq7DsTHBthuA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:CNY</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_Z6xzlPNXO0i2JHPclqbbwQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_3Xp1xIcb5UWpZ33pIfpOaw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:CNY</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_VestingAxis_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_S66Pl82zgEqfeYUQlX3Scw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:VestingAxis">us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_VestingAxis_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_DKVYqsZaqEO_QSdSFPU8ow"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:VestingAxis">us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_32l9oa6Y40uqwsNXOhfN1Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:SmartElectricScootersMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_a0QTUoozCUe1U1CvrmIxWQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:SmartElectricScootersMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_zbGO_8ryM0ytSFdOVoMvsQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_dYSW86mCE0-QUMsIdvfh4Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember_wgANziC6c0GFTw0MG3nCEQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_S51lqJ1k80Cx3W0O0eqiPA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2021-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_gn-Bnv17zkOVABH1rouxKw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_Ff5OziNcakeaGTSwTCAn2Q"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2024_To_12_31_2024_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_srt_StatementScenarioAxis_srt_ScenarioForecastMember_TqpRuvYncUy2744dJcFmAA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CounterpartyNameAxis">niu:BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementScenarioAxis">srt:ScenarioForecastMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2024-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2024-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_OwnershipAxis_niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_VX5D9StKe0-jxVC1Yw38HQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:OwnershipAxis">niu:JiangsuXiaoniuMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_QGyMqC-0sUqug0nO7X0W7g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CounterpartyNameAxis">niu:BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_OwnershipAxis_niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_ssFimEy7lEOCkowUUN648A"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:OwnershipAxis">niu:JiangsuXiaoniuMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_M93oFKmFzUKPZCNeu_IQWw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CounterpartyNameAxis">niu:BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_OwnershipAxis_niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_uEIl81OE306VCwGY_WQNow"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:OwnershipAxis">niu:JiangsuXiaoniuMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2018_To_12_31_2018_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_6sYI1pISY0iRS_sApedD1w"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2018-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2018-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_KzpIQUAsHUeCVVgW4Ek73g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_jr9cpPqQEEOizyiTuFfy4g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_nBXICK9Fk0S3Z6_uaHw2UA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2022-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2022-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_MgBmeN8q6kG9K1zXRwpS3A"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerDMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">niu:CustomerAdvancesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_W_fQnEwDGkWF8TQAzWIB9w"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerDMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">niu:CustomerAdvancesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2022-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_OxWhr0QU4UmdQxG5LEGutg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_pfSI4goGu0-LdAGGNuTQUg"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">dei:AdrMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:instant>2023-12-31</xbrli:instant></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier><xbrli:segment><xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="dei:EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis">dei:BusinessContactMember</xbrldi:explicitMember></xbrli:segment></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</xbrli:identifier></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2023-01-01</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2023-12-31</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Divide_USD_CNY_RVcVlFY3UUSeUmwjiZTf2g"><xbrli:divide><xbrli:unitNumerator><xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unitNumerator><xbrli:unitDenominator><xbrli:measure>iso4217:CNY</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unitDenominator></xbrli:divide></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_segment_LqP1yNnIskebLGUoRsBMyg"><xbrli:measure>niu:segment</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ"><xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg"><xbrli:measure>iso4217:CNY</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw"><xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA"><xbrli:measure>xbrli:pure</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA"><xbrli:divide><xbrli:unitNumerator><xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unitNumerator><xbrli:unitDenominator><xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unitDenominator></xbrli:divide></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_km_G4bPJzouEEOIHAgPfLXtAg"><xbrli:measure>utr:km</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_HKD_YGyGN6R-mE2LZGbCv9SDew"><xbrli:measure>iso4217:HKD</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Standard_installment_OI0AxVGhE0qjnSLonqehpQ"><xbrli:measure>niu:installment</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit><xbrli:unit id="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w"><xbrli:divide><xbrli:unitNumerator><xbrli:measure>iso4217:CNY</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unitNumerator><xbrli:unitDenominator><xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unitDenominator></xbrli:divide></xbrli:unit></ix:resources></ix:header></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:4.47%;padding-right:4.47%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-bottom:1pt;padding-top:1pt;text-align:center;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;border-top:3.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_ec417b7c_e811_43a9_a8ab_98b89e50b049"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:15pt;font-weight:bold;">UNITED STATES</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:15pt;font-weight:bold;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:15pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">FORM&#160;</b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:DocumentType" id="Narr_EngLzoe8k0CyPW1R5rCtPg"><b style="font-weight:bold;">20-F</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Mark One)</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:4pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_b728f917_1800_4bf2_ade4_7172c40bb055"></a><a id="Tc_omMSFZDUF0GFDurGU41McA_1_1"></a><a id="Tc_j8FUuSoHJUmvdq3J5H3TCQ_3_1"></a><a id="Tc_rp23sObiXEKtTB00xNigtw_4_1"></a><a id="Tc_CXmO7EKOpkm1gcmLn75zcg_5_1"></a><a id="Tc_xRlkhzrCOUCzfMHFTMp1_Q_7_1"></a><a id="Tc_15EHHhej5U20Ogv_8v3NlQ_9_1"></a><a id="Tc_xTRnPbkDZ06ZTEnFlNRc-w_13_1"></a><a id="Tc_Ry2j3lJpaUqHCQ8-1qXoIA_15_1"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:3pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:3pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:DocumentRegistrationStatement" id="Tc_AnrkkSu3vUyPbQv9tIIaEQ_1_0"><b style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight:bold;">&#9744;</b></ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">OR</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:DocumentAnnualReport" id="Tc_hcRJVL5iiE6ba2A0tgI74w_4_0"><b style="font-family:'Segoe UI Emoji';font-weight:bold;">&#9746;</b></ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION&#160;13 OR 15(d)&#160;OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF&#160;1934</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the fiscal&#160;year ended </b><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate" id="Narr_yr6GltRfdkSztQ7bYpeCKQ"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December 31, 2023</b></ix:nonNumeric><b style="font-weight:bold;">.</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">OR</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:DocumentTransitionReport" id="Tc_3Y-tEKFZTkSXx4klIv1jYA_9_0"><b style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight:bold;">&#9744;</b></ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION&#160;13 OR 15(d)&#160;OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF&#160;1934</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">OR</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:DocumentShellCompanyReport" id="Tc_ySKMKJhsokOSpOLfDbPpGA_15_0"><b style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight:bold;">&#9744;</b></ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION&#160;13 OR 15(d)&#160;OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF&#160;1934</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:4pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 3pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Date of event requiring this shell company report</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 3pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;">For the transition period from                          to</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">Commission file number:&#160;</b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:EntityFileNumber" id="Narr_N_Zht6OLOEmrLKT-ttEwYQ"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">001-38696</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:4pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_64e4581d_7b77_499f_8570_deb741c13c08"></a><a id="Tc_PmLNMV344065gMWuuev_7w_2_0"></a><a id="Tc_YnamwvwRxUyR6tVRvBEONA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_BXCvbBoM9kWAwOEHjwWAMQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_qWKITLURNkOzpGBNHsd4Gg_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_ohivdO12c06ivsQTe9KmGw_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_5HbK1kfBNU67gOl0xIof8A_10_0"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:3pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:15pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" id="Tc_E2SO20gl10enYTF-EcwVkQ_1_0"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Niu Technologies</b></ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;border-top:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:4pt;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">N/A</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;border-top:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(Translation of Registrant&#8217;s name into English)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:4pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:edgarprovcountryen" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" id="Tc_4_gWTavT6EayRrg_ZcZ3iQ_7_0"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">Cayman Islands</b></ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;border-top:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1" id="Narr_CwstFPGnX0m8EMkqtbWskQ"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">No.1 Building, No. 195 Huilongguan East Road,</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">Changping District, </b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown" id="Narr_3xM6PYnzd0-BwqL_niwoyQ"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">Beijing</b></ix:nonNumeric><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;"> </b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode" id="Narr_ycAt5k9_iE-wlBTBf48jJg"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">102208</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">People&#8217;s Republic of </b><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:countrynameen" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:EntityAddressCountry" id="Narr_SSVpy05Ovkitf3mokw9aGw"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">China</b></ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;border-top:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 3pt 0pt;">(Address of principal executive offices)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ" name="dei:ContactPersonnelName" id="Narr_caHtrVJLpECY1iTuj8cdew"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">Fion Wenjuan Zhou</b></ix:nonNumeric><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">, Chief Financial Officer</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">Telephone: </b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ" name="dei:CityAreaCode" id="Narr_SvoMS29IEkq6NwFPVA0NmA"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">+86</b></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber" id="Narr_LEfy2kcBjU6uruq_HEESMA"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">10-6432-1899</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">Email: </b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ" name="dei:ContactPersonnelEmailAddress" id="Narr_qzVUHSSxxk2NHk6bDLA0HQ"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">ir@niu.com</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1" id="Narr_gzhhAOer6k6oHwQoPA8NrA"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">No.1 Building, No. 195 Huilongguan East Road,</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">Changping District, </b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown" id="Narr_4g4OfrVbfESaENfrHJI9Eg"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">Beijing</b></ix:nonNumeric><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;"> </b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode" id="Narr_atYdWniDb0esBeN3qftnfA"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">102208</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">People&#8217;s Republic of </b><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:countrynameen" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ" name="dei:EntityAddressCountry" id="Narr_Y14InQ8rRkuk4KzDuviicw"><b style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">China</b></ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:100%;border-top:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:4pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(b)&#160;of the Act:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:4pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_272c6563_236d_42aa_abaf_fcae98434f0a"></a><a id="Tc_C15fgNExJkaFJWrSe5PEdg_1_0"></a><a id="Tc_0BwvJV9mQkmN9RYSUGo6dw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_uUMKiKcRo0ajwKF2Uabamg_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_aYnPeNqe4U2w4_afOd6WBg_2_0"></a><a id="Tc_d9rj3SMElEu_4qDmcF-PWg_2_4"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:3pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:3pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:3pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:32%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Title of each class</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Trading</b><b style="font-weight:bold;"><br/></b><b style="font-weight:bold;">Symbol (s)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.99%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Name of each exchange on which registered</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:32%;border-top:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 5pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_pfSI4goGu0-LdAGGNuTQUg" name="dei:Security12bTitle" id="Narr_Wfenad0i9kOWQZnZZWrkkA"><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;">American depositary shares (one American depositary</b><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;"><br/></b><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;">share representing two Class A ordinary shares, par</b><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;"><br/></b><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;">value US$0.0001 per share)</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_OxWhr0QU4UmdQxG5LEGutg" name="dei:Security12bTitle" id="Narr_Gj-Bf8MmyUiu1EtzqoCCpw"><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;">Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per</b><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;"><br/></b><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;">share</b></ix:nonNumeric><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;">*</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45.99%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_pfSI4goGu0-LdAGGNuTQUg" name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="Tc_3H9hsa7kwEm0RkK3QsxBQg_2_2"><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;">NIU</b></ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.99%;border-top:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 5pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;">The </b><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:exchnameen" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_pfSI4goGu0-LdAGGNuTQUg" name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" id="Narr_1X8HDY00Fk2jMhtcrccagg"><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;">Nasdaq</b></ix:nonNumeric><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;"> Stock Market LLC</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 5pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(The Nasdaq Global Market)</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 5pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;">The </b><ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:exchnameen" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_OxWhr0QU4UmdQxG5LEGutg" name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" id="Narr_Ma7tPkxaF067ruVAaOpEoA"><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;">Nasdaq</b></ix:nonNumeric><b style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;"> Stock Market LLC</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 5pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(The Nasdaq Global Market)</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">*&#160;&#160;&#160;Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing on The Nasdaq Global Market of American depositary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(g)&#160;of the Act:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">None</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">(Title of Class)</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:27.35pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:91.06%;border:0;margin:30pt 4.47% 30pt 4.47%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:4.47%;padding-right:4.47%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section&#160;15(d)&#160;of the Act:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">None</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">(Title of Class)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer&#8217;s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_lAUk3B3QnU2S_i9dLl49Tw">138,575,010</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_5w_RK7dCuUaYrYm-0ADmTQ">16,542,020</ix:nonFraction> Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share, as of December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule&#160;405 of the Securities Act.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;">Yes&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9744;</span><span style="font-size:9pt;"> &#160;</span><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" id="Narr_XgPl0NJFzUCZP3tvWAKScQ"><span style="font-size:9pt;">No</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-size:9pt;"> </span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9746;</span><span style="font-size:9pt;">&#160;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section&#160;13 or 15(d)&#160;of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;">Yes&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9744;</span><span style="font-size:9pt;"> &#160;</span><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:EntityVoluntaryFilers" id="Narr_G6otQdybdUSlKP6HFjQ-xg"><span style="font-size:9pt;">No</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-size:9pt;">&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9746;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 5pt 0pt;">Note - Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1)&#160;has filed all reports required to be filed by Section&#160;13 or 15(d)&#160;of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12&#160;months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)&#160;has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90&#160;days.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus" id="Narr_X1Oo7lBI5kWCRVLrHg0vSg"><span style="font-size:9pt;">Yes</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-size:9pt;">&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9746;</span><span style="font-size:9pt;"> &#160;No&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9744;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule&#160;405 of Regulation&#160;S-T (P32.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12&#160;months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" id="Narr_OoaJQdPXU0iYVCKR_HHvGQ"><span style="font-size:9pt;">Yes</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-size:9pt;">&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9746;</span><span style="font-size:9pt;"> &#160;No&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9744;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:24.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:24.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:3pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:24.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">Large accelerated filer&#160;<span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:24.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" format="ixt-sec:entityfilercategoryen" name="dei:EntityFilerCategory" id="Narr_2ETYewpE602qqZN_LVKJiQ"><span style="font-size:9pt;">Accelerated filer</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-size:9pt;">&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9746;</span><span style="font-size:9pt;"> </span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">Non-accelerated filer&#160;<span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;">Emerging growth company</span><span style="font-size:9pt;">&#160;</span><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="Narr_YIXzVjti5Eujq2OW8-hOUw"><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:4pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">If<span style="font-size:9pt;"> an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. </span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9744;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;">&#8224;</span>Th<span style="font-size:9pt;">e term &#8220;new or revised financial accounting standard&#8221; refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management&#8217;s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b))by the registered public</span><span style="font-size:9pt;"> accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes</span><span style="font-size:9pt;">&#160;</span><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" id="Narr_K7s8KBMdZEO-mfXH7J5ZhA"><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9746;</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-size:9pt;"> No&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;background:#f8f8f8;">&#9744;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. <span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant&#8217;s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to &#167;240.10D-1(b). <span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:4pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:22.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:55.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:21.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:22.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:DocumentAccountingStandard" id="Narr_ogrnni8MjUundjrj_yQqHQ"><span style="font-size:9pt;">U.S. GAAP</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-size:9pt;">&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9746;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:55.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">International Financial Reporting Standards as issued</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:21.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">Other <span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:22.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:55.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">by the International Accounting Standards Board <span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:21.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:4pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">If &#8220;Other&#8221; has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span>&#160;Item&#160;<span style="white-space:pre-wrap;">17  </span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#160;</span>Item&#160;18</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Exchange Act). </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;">Yes&#160;</span><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9744;</span><span style="font-size:9pt;"> &#160;No&#160;</span><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityShellCompany" id="Narr_OHgDxiKPskaNzfsHikzIaw"><span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:9pt;">&#9746;</span></ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:5pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Yes&#160;<span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span> No&#160;<span style="font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:4pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-bottom:1pt;padding-top:1pt;border-bottom:3.0pt solid #000000;border-top:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:27.35pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:91.06%;border:0;margin:30pt 4.47% 30pt 4.47%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="TOC"></a><a id="_c19f25c4_b166_44c7_a241_23997a0873ff"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">TABLE OF CONTENTS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#INTRODUCTION_162212"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">INTRODUCTION</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">1</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:90.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"><a href="#FORWARDLOOKINGINFORMATION_155132"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">2</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#PARTI_569572"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Part&#160;I</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">3</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item1IdentityofDirectorsSeniorManagement"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 1.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item1IdentityofDirectorsSeniorManagement"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">3</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item2OfferStatisticsandExpectedTimetable"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 2.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item2OfferStatisticsandExpectedTimetable"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">3</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item3KeyInformation_443091"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 3.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item3KeyInformation_443091"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Key Information</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">3</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item4InformationontheCompany_439046"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 4.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item4InformationontheCompany_439046"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Information on the Company</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">60</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item4AUnresolvedStaffComments_425776"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 4A.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item4AUnresolvedStaffComments_425776"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Unresolved Staff Comments</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">90</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item5OperatingandFinancialReviewandProsp"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 5.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item5OperatingandFinancialReviewandProsp"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Operating and Financial Review and Prospects</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">90</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item6DirectorsSeniorManagementandEmploye"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 6.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item6DirectorsSeniorManagementandEmploye"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Directors, Senior Management and Employees</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">103</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item7MajorShareholdersandRelatedPartyTra"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 7.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item7MajorShareholdersandRelatedPartyTra"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">112</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item8FinancialInformation_387042"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 8.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item8FinancialInformation_387042"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Financial Information</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">112</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item9TheOfferandListing_993881"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 9.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item9TheOfferandListing_993881"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The Offer and Listing</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">113</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item10AdditionalInformation_639841"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 10.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item10AdditionalInformation_639841"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Additional Information</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">114</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item11QuantitativeandQualitativeDisclosu"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 11.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item11QuantitativeandQualitativeDisclosu"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">129</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item12DescriptionofSecuritiesOtherthanEq"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 12.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item12DescriptionofSecuritiesOtherthanEq"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">129</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#PARTII_93804"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Part&#160;II</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">132</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item13DefaultsDividendArrearagesandDelin"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 13.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item13DefaultsDividendArrearagesandDelin"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">132</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item14MaterialModificationstotheRightsof"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 14.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item14MaterialModificationstotheRightsof"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">132</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item15ControlsandProcedures_567934"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 15.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item15ControlsandProcedures_567934"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Controls and Procedures</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">132</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item16Reserved_378414"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 16.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item16Reserved_378414"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">[Reserved]</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">134</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item16AAuditCommitteeFinancialExpert_863"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 16A.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item16AAuditCommitteeFinancialExpert_863"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Audit Committee Financial Expert</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">134</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item16BCodeofEthics_161831"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 16B.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item16BCodeofEthics_161831"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Code of Ethics</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">134</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item16CPrincipalAccountantFeesandService"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 16C.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item16CPrincipalAccountantFeesandService"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Principal Accountant Fees and Services</span></a> </p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">134</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item16DExemptionsfromtheListingStandards"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 16D.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item16DExemptionsfromtheListingStandards"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">134</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item16EPurchasesofEquitySecuritiesbytheI"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 16E.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item16EPurchasesofEquitySecuritiesbytheI"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">134</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item16FChangeinRegistrantsCertifyingAcco"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 16F.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item16FChangeinRegistrantsCertifyingAcco"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Change in Registrant&#8217;s Certifying Accountant</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">134</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item16GCorporateGovernance_117882"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 16G.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item16GCorporateGovernance_117882"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Corporate Governance</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">135</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item16HMineSafetyDisclosure_217072"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 16H.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item16HMineSafetyDisclosure_217072"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Mine Safety Disclosure</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">135</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#ITEM16IDisclosureRegardingForeignJurisdi"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 16I.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ITEM16IDisclosureRegardingForeignJurisdi"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">135</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item16JInsiderTradingPolicies_227031"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 16J.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item16JInsiderTradingPolicies_227031"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Insider Trading Policies</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">135</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item16KCybersecurity_765601"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 16K.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item16KCybersecurity_765601"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Cybersecurity</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">135</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#PARTIII_592004"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Part&#160;III</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">137</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item17FinancialStatements_268706"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 17.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item17FinancialStatements_268706"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Financial Statements</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">137</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item18FinancialStatements_484938"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 18.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item18FinancialStatements_484938"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Financial Statements</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">137</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 28.8pt;"><a href="#Item19Exhibits_454114"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Item 19.</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#Item19Exhibits_454114"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Exhibits</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">137</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:15.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#SIGNATURES_366441"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">SIGNATURES</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:74.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">140</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">i</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_c837a9b2_28ea_4417_aa0c_bdbd5ac7637d"></a><a id="INTRODUCTION_162212"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">INTRODUCTION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In this annual report, except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this annual report only:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;ADRs&#8221; are to the American depositary receipts that evidence the ADSs;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;ADSs&#8221; are to the American depositary shares, each of which represents two Class&#160;A ordinary shares;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Class&#160;A ordinary shares&#8221; are to our Class&#160;A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Class&#160;B ordinary shares&#8221; are to our Class&#160;B ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;NIU,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221; and &#8220;our&#8221; are to Niu Technologies, our Cayman Islands holding company, its subsidiaries, and, in the context of describing our operations and consolidated financial information, the VIE and the subsidiaries of the VIE;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;ordinary shares&#8221; are to our Class A and Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;our company&#8221; is to Niu Technologies, our Cayman Islands holding company;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;the variable interest entity&#8221; and &#8220;the VIE&#8221; are to Beijing Niudian Technology Co., Ltd., or Beijing Niudian. The VIE is a domestic company incorporated in mainland China in which we do not have any equity ownership but whose financial results have been consolidated into our consolidated financial statements based solely on contractual arrangements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;C. Organizational Structure&#8221; for an illustrative diagram of our corporate structure;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;WFOE&#8221; are to Beijing Niudian Information Technology Co., Ltd., or Niudian Information, a wholly foreign-owned entity in China;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;RMB&#8221; and &#8220;Renminbi&#8221; are to the legal currency of mainland China; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;US$,&#8221; &#8220;U.S. dollars,&#8221; &#8220;$,&#8221; and &#8220;dollars&#8221; are to the legal currency of the United States.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Renminbi in this annual report were made at a rate of RMB7.0999 to US$1.00, the exchange rate in effect as of December 29, 2023 as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">1</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="FORWARDLOOKINGINFORMATION_155132"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">This annual report on Form&#160;20-F contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. These statements are made under the &#8220;safe harbor&#8221; provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify these forward-looking statements by terminology such as &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;future,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;is/are likely to&#8221; or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our mission, goals and strategies;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our future business development, financial conditions and results of operations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the expected growth of smart electric two-wheeled vehicle industry;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of our products and services;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our expectations regarding our relationships with our users/customers, suppliers, strategic partners and other stakeholders;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">competition in our industry; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:36pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">government policies and regulations relating to our industry.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We would like to caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements and you should read these statements in conjunction with the risk factors disclosed in &#8220;Item&#160;3. Key Information&#8212; D. Risk Factors.&#8221; Those risks are not exhaustive. We operate in a rapidly evolving environment. New risks emerge from time to time and it is impossible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ from those contained in any forward-looking statement. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise the forward-looking statements except as required under applicable law.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:6pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">2</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_80df1075_2ccf_4d0b_8f33_78957ec92bac"></a><a id="PARTI_569572"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">PART&#160;I</p><a id="Item1IdentityofDirectorsSeniorManagement"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 1.</b></span>Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_bf07e424_eca3_40ef_8ca5_2cdb332d79c0"></a><a id="Item2OfferStatisticsandExpectedTimetable"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 2.</b></span>Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_84b75064_3b0c_4db8_b4cd_a3c678efa5e8"></a><a id="Item3KeyInformation_443091"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 3.</b></span>Key Information</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Our Holding Company Structure and Contractual Arrangements with the VIE</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Niu Technologies is not an operating company in mainland China but a Cayman Islands holding company with operations primarily conducted through (i) our mainland China subsidiaries and (ii) contractual arrangements with the VIE based in mainland China. The laws and regulations of mainland China restrict and impose conditions on foreign direct investment in internet content, value-added telecommunication-based online marketing, audio and video services and mobile application distribution businesses. Accordingly, we operate these businesses in mainland China through the VIE, and rely on contractual arrangements among our mainland China subsidiaries, the VIE and its shareholders to conduct the business operations of the VIE. The VIE is consolidated for accounting purposes, but is not an entity in which our Cayman Islands holding company, or our investors, own equity. Revenues contributed by the VIE accounted for 99.8%, 99.7%, and 99.6% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As used in this annual report, &#8220;our company&#8221; refers to Niu Technologies, whereas &#8220;NIU,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221; and &#8220;our&#8221; refer to Niu Technologies, its subsidiaries, and, in the context of describing our operations and consolidated financial information, the VIE and its subsidiaries. Investors in our ADSs are not purchasing equity interest in the VIE in mainland China, but instead are purchasing equity interest in a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A series of contractual agreements, including power of attorney, second amended and restated equity pledge agreement, amended and restated exclusive business cooperation agreements, second amended and restated exclusive option agreements and spousal consent letters, have been entered into by and among our subsidiaries, the VIE and its shareholders. Terms contained in each set of contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders are substantially similar. As a result of the contractual arrangements, we have conducted the business operations and are considered the primary beneficiary of these companies, and we have consolidated financial results of these companies in our consolidated financial statements. For more details of these contractual arrangements, see &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;C. Organizational Structure&#8212;Contractual Arrangements with the VIE.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">However, the contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in the VIE and we may incur substantial costs to enforce the terms of the arrangements. If the VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we could be limited in our ability to enforce the contractual arrangements with the VIE, and these agreements have not been tested in courts of mainland China. Furthermore, if we lose our right to direct the activities of the VIE or our right to receive substantially all the economic benefits and residual returns from the VIE and we are not able to restructure our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we would not be able to continue to consolidate the financial results of these entities in our financial statements. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure&#8212; We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders for a large portion of our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership.&#8221; and &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure&#8212;The shareholders of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">3</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:441.36pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our principal subsidiaries, the VIE and its principal subsidiaries, as of the date of this annual report:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><img src="niu-20231231x20f001.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:441.35pt;left:0%;padding-bottom:0pt;position:relative;top:0pt;width:380.35pt;"/></p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;"><sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;">Token Yilin Hu, Yi&#8217; nan Li, Yuqin Zhang and Changlong Sheng each holds 89.74%, 5.00%, 2.63% and 2.63% of the equity interest in Beijing Niudian, respectively. All of the shareholders of Beijing Niudian are beneficial owners of the shares of our company.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">4</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">There are also substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of the current and future laws, regulations and rules of mainland China regarding the status of the rights of our Cayman Islands holding company with respect to its contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders. It is uncertain whether any new laws or regulations of mainland China relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. If we or any of the VIE is found to be in violation of any existing or future laws or regulations of mainland China, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure&#8212;If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in mainland China do not comply with the regulations of mainland China relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations&#8221; and &#8220;&#8212;Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law of the PRC and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our corporate structure is subject to risks associated with our contractual arrangements with the VIE. Our company and its investors may never have a direct ownership interest in the businesses that are conducted by the VIE. Uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements, and these contractual arrangements have not been tested in a court of law. If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our business in mainland China do not comply with the laws and regulations of mainland China, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we and the VIE could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. This would result in the VIE being deconsolidated. The majority of our assets, including the necessary licenses to conduct business in mainland China, are held by the VIE. A significant part of our revenues are generated by the VIE. An event that results in the deconsolidation of the VIE would have a material effect on our operations and result in the value of the securities of our company diminish substantially or even become worthless. Our company, our mainland China subsidiaries and the VIE, and investors of our company face uncertainty about potential future actions by the PRC government that could affect the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIE and, consequently, significantly affect the financial performance of the VIE and our company as a whole. Our company may not be able to repay its indebtedness, and the ADSs of our company may decline in value or become worthless, if we are unable to assert contractual control over the assets of our mainland China subsidiaries and the VIE that conduct all or substantially all of our operations. For a detailed description of the risks associated with our corporate structure, please refer to risks disclosed under &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="background:#ffffff;">Our company and the VIE face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties associated with being based in or having the majority of our operations in China and we are subject to the complex and evolving laws and regulations of mainland China. For example, we face risks associated with regulatory approvals on offshore offerings, the use of the VIE, anti-monopoly regulatory actions, and oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy. These risks could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue to offer securities to investors, or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. For a detailed description of risks related to doing business in China, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China</span>.&#8221; </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">PRC government&#8217;s significant authority in regulating our operations and its oversight and control over offerings conducted overseas by, and foreign investment in, China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors. Implementation of industry-wide regulations, including data security or anti-monopoly related regulations, in this nature may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline. For more details, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;The PRC government&#8217;s significant oversight over our business operation could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs.&#8221; </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Risks and uncertainties arising from the PRC legal system, including risks and uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and quickly evolving rules and regulations of mainland China, could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs. For more details, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212; Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure&#8212;Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law of the PRC and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">5</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which was enacted on December 18, 2020 and further amended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 signed into law on December 29, 2022, or the HFCAA, if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspections by the PCAOB for two consecutive years, the SEC will prohibit our shares or the ADSs from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, including our auditor. In May 2022, the SEC conclusively listed us as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA following the filing of our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that vacated its December 16, 2021 determination and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. For this reason, we were not identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA after we filed the annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and do not expect to be so identified after we file this annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. If PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and we continue to use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, we would be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the annual report on Form 20-F for the relevant fiscal year. There can be no assurance that we would not be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for any future fiscal year, and if we were so identified for two consecutive years, we would become subject to the prohibition on trading under the HFCAA. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;The PCAOB had historically been unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial statements and the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of our auditor in the past has deprived our investors with the benefits of such inspections.&#8221; And &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry-Our ADSs may be prohibited from trading in the United States under the HFCAA in the future if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in mainland China and Hong Kong. The delisting of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash Flows through Our Organization</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'TimesNewRoman';">Niu Technologies is a holding company with no material operations of its own. We conduct our operations primarily through our subsidiaries, the VIE and its subsidiaries in mainland China. As a result, although other means are available for us to obtain financing at the holding company level, Niu Technologies&#8217; ability to pay dividends to the shareholders and to service any debt it may incur may depend upon dividends paid by our mainland China subsidiaries and license and service fees paid by the VIE. If any of our subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf, the instruments governing such debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends to Niu Technologies. In addition, each of our mainland China subsidiaries and the VIE is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each of such entities in mainland China is also required to further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to fund the employee welfare fund, although the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at the discretion of its board of directors. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. For more details, see &#8220;Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects&#8212;B. Liquidity and Capital Resources&#8212;Cash flows and working capital</span>.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'TimesNewRoman';">We have established stringent controls and procedures for cash flows within our organization. Each transfer of cash between our Cayman Islands holding company and a subsidiary, the VIE or the subsidiaries of the VIE is subject to internal approval. The cash inflows of Niu Technologies were primarily generated from the proceeds received from Niu Technologies&#8217; public offerings of ordinary shares, other financing activities and cash generated from our operating activities. F</span>or the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023<span style="font-family:'TimesNewRoman';">, Niu Technologies did not </span>provide any capital contributions<span style="font-family:'TimesNewRoman';"> or</span> loans <span style="font-family:'TimesNewRoman';">to our mainland China subsidiaries</span>. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the VIE did not receive loans provided by <span style="font-family:'TimesNewRoman';">Niu Technologies</span>.<span style="font-family:'TimesNewRoman';"> For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, no assets other than cash were transferred between Niu Technologies and a subsidiary, the VIE or its subsidiary, no subsidiaries paid dividends or made other distributions to Niu Technologies, and no dividends or distributions were paid or made to U.S. investors.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, our subsidiaries did not provide capital contributions to the VIE. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.<span style="font-family:'TimesNewRoman';"> </span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">6</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:13.8pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'TimesNewRoman';">For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the VIE has paid RMB203.4 million, RMB112.2 million and RMB56.8 million (US$8.0 million) of service fee to our WFOE, respectively. We plan to continue to determine the amount of service fee and payment method with the VIE and its shareholders through bona fide negotiation, and settle fees under the contractual arrangements accordingly in the future.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As a Cayman Islands holding company, we may receive dividends from our mainland China subsidiaries. Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC and related regulations, dividends, interests, rent or royalties payable by a foreign-invested enterprise, such as our mainland China subsidiaries, to any of its foreign non-resident enterprise investors, and proceeds from any such foreign enterprise investor&#8217;s disposition of assets (after deducting the net value of such assets) are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless the foreign enterprise investor&#8217;s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with mainland China that provides for a reduced rate of withholding tax. Undistributed profits earned by foreign-invested enterprises prior to January 1, 2008 are exempted from any withholding tax. The Cayman Islands, where Niu Technologies, the direct parent company of our subsidiaries, is incorporated, does not have such a tax treaty with mainland China. Hong Kong has a tax arrangement with mainland China that provides for a 5% withholding tax on dividends subject to certain conditions and requirements, such as the requirement that the Hong Kong resident enterprise own at least 25% of the mainland China enterprise distributing the dividend at all times within the twelve-month period immediately preceding the distribution of dividends and be a &#8220;beneficial owner&#8221; of the dividends. For example, Niu Technologies Group Limited, which directly owns our mainland China subsidiary, Niudian Information, is incorporated in Hong Kong. However, if Niu Technologies Group Limited is not considered to be the beneficial owner of the dividends paid to it by Niudian Information under the tax circulars promulgated in February and October 2009, such dividends would be subject to withholding tax at a rate of 10%. If our mainland China subsidiaries declare and distribute profits to us, such payments will be subject to withholding tax, which will increase our tax liability and reduce the amount of cash available to our company. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our mainland China subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our mainland China subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business&#8221; for more details. If our holding company in the Cayman Islands or any of our subsidiaries outside of mainland China were deemed to be a &#8220;resident enterprise&#8221; under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, it would be subject to enterprise income tax on its worldwide income at a rate of 25%. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;If we are classified as a mainland China resident enterprise for mainland China income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-mainland China shareholders or ADS holders.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For purposes of illustration, the following discussion reflects the hypothetical taxes that might be required to be paid within mainland China, assuming that: (i) we have taxable earnings, and (ii) we determine to pay dividends in the future.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:81.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:81.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Tax&#160;calculation&#160;</b><sup style="font-size:6pt;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:81.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Hypothetical pre-tax earnings<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;">%  </span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:81.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Tax on earnings at statutory rate of 25%<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(3)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (25)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;">%  </span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:81.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Net earnings available for distribution</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 75</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;">%  </span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:81.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Withholding tax at standard rate of 10%<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (7.5)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;">%  </span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:81.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Net distribution to Parent/Shareholders</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 67.5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;">%  </span></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 5pt 0pt;">Notes:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">For purposes of this example, the tax calculation has been simplified. The hypothetical book pre-tax earnings amount, not considering timing differences, is assumed to equal taxable income in mainland China.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Under the terms of VIE agreements, our mainland China subsidiaries may charge the VIE for services provided to VIE. These service fees shall be recognized as expenses of the VIE, with a corresponding amount as service income by our mainland China subsidiaries and eliminate in consolidation. For income tax purposes, our mainland China subsidiaries and the VIE file income tax returns on a separate company basis. The service fees paid are recognized as a tax deduction by the VIE and as income by our mainland China subsidiaries and are tax neutral.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(3)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The VIE and one of its subsidiary qualifies for a 15% preferential income tax rate in mainland China. However, such rate is subject to qualification, is temporary in nature, and may not be available in a future period when distributions are paid. For purposes of this hypothetical example, the table above reflects a maximum tax scenario under which the full statutory rate would be effective.</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">7</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(4)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a foreign invested enterprise to its immediate holding company outside of mainland China. A lower withholding income tax rate of 5% is applied if the foreign investment enterprise&#8217;s immediate holding company is registered in Hong Kong or other jurisdictions that have a tax treaty arrangement with mainland China, subject to a qualification review at the time of the distribution. For purposes of this hypothetical example, the table above assumes a maximum tax scenario under which the full withholding tax would be applied.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:5pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The table above has been prepared under the assumption that all profits of the VIE will be distributed as fees to our mainland China subsidiaries under tax neutral contractual arrangements. If, in the future, the accumulated earnings of the VIE exceed the service fees paid to our mainland China subsidiaries (or if the current and contemplated fee structure between the intercompany entities is determined to be non-substantive and disallowed by Chinese tax authorities), the VIE could make a non-deductible transfer to our mainland China subsidiaries for the amounts of the stranded cash in the VIE. This would result in such transfer being non-deductible expenses for the VIE but still taxable income for the mainland China subsidiaries.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the laws and regulations of mainland China, we are subject to restrictions on foreign exchange and cross-border cash transfers, including to U.S. investors. Our ability to distribute earnings to the holding company and U.S. investors is also limited. We are a Cayman Islands holding company and we may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our mainland China subsidiaries, which in turn relies on consulting and other fees paid to us by the VIE, for our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and service any debt we may incur. When any of our mainland China subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, our mainland China subsidiaries, the VIE and its subsidiaries generate their revenue primarily in Renminbi, which is not freely convertible into other currencies. As a result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of our mainland China subsidiaries to pay dividends to us. For more details, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our mainland China subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our mainland China subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business&#8221; and &#8220;&#8212;Mainland China&#8217;s regulation of loans to and direct investment in mainland China entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our offshore offerings to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our mainland China subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">8</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Permissions Required from the PRC Government Authorities for Our Operations</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We conduct our business primarily through our subsidiaries and the VIE in mainland China. Our operations in mainland China are governed by the laws and regulations of mainland China. As of the date of this annual report, our mainland China subsidiaries and the VIE have obtained all requisite licenses, permits and approvals from the PRC government authorities for the business operations of our subsidiaries and the VIE in mainland China. These permissions and approvals include, among others, China Compulsory Certification, the Value-added Telecommunications Business Operation Licenses for Information Services via Internet, Production License for National Industrial Products, and Motorcycle Production Access Certificate. For more information, see &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212; Regulations.&#8221; Our mainland China subsidiaries and the VIE have not been denied for any permission or approval from any PRC government authority with respect to the operation of our business. As of the date of this annual report, under current PRC laws, regulations and rules, we, our mainland China subsidiaries and the VIE are not required to obtain permissions from the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, or go through cybersecurity review by the Cyberspace Administration of China, or the CAC, or obtain permission or approval from other PRC government authorities with respect to the operation of our business and previous issuances of securities by our company to foreign investors, except for the permissions or approvals listed above that have been obtained. However, given the uncertainties of interpretation and implementation of the laws and regulations and the enforcement practice by the government authorities, we may be required to obtain additional licenses, permits, filings or approvals to operate business or offer securities to foreign investors, and may not be able to maintain or renew our current licenses, permits, filings or approvals. If we, our mainland China subsidiaries and the VIE (i) do not receive or maintain any necessary permissions or approvals from PRC authorities to operate business or offer securities being registered to foreign investors, or (ii) inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, or if applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and we are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the necessary permissions or approvals in a timely manner, or at all, and such approvals may be rescinded even if obtained. Any such circumstance could subject us to penalties, including fines, suspension of business and revocation of required licenses, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue to offer securities to investors, and cause the value of our ADSs to significantly decline or be worthless. For more detailed information, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in the regulation on internet-related businesses and companies in mainland China.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Permissions Required from the PRC Authorities for Overseas Financing Activities</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The PRC government has sought to exert more oversight and control over capital raising activities of listed companies that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. In December 2021, the CAC, together with other authorities, jointly promulgated the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective on February 15, 2022 and replaced its predecessor regulation. Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, critical information infrastructure operators that procure internet products and services and network platform operators that conduct data process activities must be subject to the cybersecurity review if their activities affect or may affect national security. The Cybersecurity Review Measures further stipulates that network platform operators that hold personal information of over one million users shall apply with the Cybersecurity Review Office for a cybersecurity review before any public offering at a foreign stock exchange. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released several regulations regarding the filing requirements for overseas offerings and listings by domestic companies, including the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies and five supporting guidelines, or collectively, the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, which took effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, PRC domestic enterprises that have completed overseas listings are not required to make any immediate filing with the CSRC. However, such companies will be required to comply with the filing requirements under the Overseas Listing Trial Measures if and when they pursue any future securities offerings or listings outside of mainland China, including but not limited to follow-on offerings and secondary listings. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining such approval or completing such review or filing procedures under the Overseas Listing Trial Measures or otherwise, for any future securities offerings and listings outside of mainland China, including but not limited to follow-on offerings and secondary listings, could subject us to restrictions and penalties imposed by the CSRC, which could include fines and penalties on our operations in mainland China, delays to or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from our offshore offerings into mainland China, restrictions on or delays to our future offshore financing transactions, or other actions that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ADSs.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">9</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of the date of this annual report, under current PRC laws, regulations and rules, we, our mainland China subsidiaries and the VIE are not required to obtain permissions from the CSRC, or go through a cybersecurity review by the CAC, or obtain permission or approval from other PRC government authorities with respect to the previous issuances of securities by our company to foreign investors. For more detailed information, see &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;The filing, approval or other administration requirements of the CSRC or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with our offshore offerings under PRC law, and, if required, we cannot predict whether or for how long we will be able to complete such filing, obtain such approval or meet such requirements.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial Information Related to Our Subsidiaries and the VIE </b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following table presents the condensed consolidating schedule of results of operations for our subsidiaries and the VIE for the periods presented. In this table:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Niu Technologies&#8221; refers to our Cayman Islands holding company.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Other Subsidiaries&#8221; refer to the sum of Niu Technologies Group Limited, Beijing Niudian Information Technology Co., Ltd. and other wholly-owned subsidiaries.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;WFOE&#8221; refers to Beijing Niudian Information Technology Co., Ltd., or Niudian Information.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;VIE and VIE&#8217;s Subsidiaries&#8221; refer to the sum of Beijing Niudian Technology Co., Ltd., or Beijing Niudian, and all of its subsidiaries in mainland China.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Consolidating Statements of Income/(Loss) Information </span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Niu&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">VIE&#160;and&#160;its&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Consolidated&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Technologies</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">WFOE</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Eliminations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="13" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(In&#160;thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Revenues <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 28,543</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 53,552</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,645,570</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (75,907)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,651,758</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cost of revenues <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (17,183)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (621)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,075,462)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12,255</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,081,011)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross profit</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 11,360</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 52,931</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 570,108</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (63,652)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 570,747</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (19,242)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (36,693)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (486,171)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 46,371</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (495,735)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Research and development expenses <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (20,766)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (145,968)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 15,748</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (150,986)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">General and administrative expenses <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (17,739)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,308)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (19,551)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (206,654)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,734</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (244,518)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total operating expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (17,739)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (21,550)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (77,010)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (838,793)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 63,853</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (891,239)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Government grants</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,969</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,969</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Share of (loss) income from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(3)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (270,499)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 270,499</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Interest expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,424)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,424)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Interest income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 16,402</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 19,081</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 35,492</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Investment income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,426</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,426</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Loss) income before income taxes</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (271,836)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (10,186)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (24,074)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (246,633)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 270,700</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (282,029)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Income tax benefit (expense)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10,192</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10,193</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net (loss) income </b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (271,836)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (10,184)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (24,075)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (236,441)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 270,700</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (271,836)</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">10</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Niu&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">VIE&#160;and&#160;its</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Consolidated</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Technologies</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">WFOE</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Eliminations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Total</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="13" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(In&#160;thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Revenues <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 43,448</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 105,328</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,187,990</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (168,169)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,168,597</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cost of revenues <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (41,143)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (28,233)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,483,840)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 54,300</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,498,916)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross profit</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,305</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 77,095</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 704,150</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (113,869)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 669,681</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (15,480)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (44,789)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (446,149)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 66,009</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (440,409)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Research and development expenses <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (19,770)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (202,940)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 46,232</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (176,478)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">General and administrative expenses <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (15,415)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,343)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (26,944)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (115,490)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,731</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (158,461)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total operating expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (15,415)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (17,823)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (91,503)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (764,579)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 113,972</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (775,348)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Government grants</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 16,385</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 16,385</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Share of (loss) income from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(3)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (39,265)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 39,265</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Interest expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (5,716)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (5,716)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Interest income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,217</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 7,628</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12,860</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Investment income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 221</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10,697</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10,918</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Loss) income before income taxes</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (49,463)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (15,284)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (14,406)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (31,435)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 39,368</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (71,220)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Income tax (expense) benefit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (166)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (164)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 22,087</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 21,757</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net (loss) income</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (49,463)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (15,450)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (14,570)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (9,348)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 39,368</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (49,463)</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2021</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Niu&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">VIE&#160;and&#160;its&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Consolidated&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Technologies</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">WFOE</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Eliminations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="13" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(In&#160;thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Revenues <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 44,397</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 192,901</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,768,134</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (300,895)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,704,537</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cost of revenues <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (37,772)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (69,322)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,879,594)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 94,930</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,891,758)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross profit</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,625</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 123,579</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 888,540</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (205,965)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 812,779</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (11,035)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (44,394)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (358,394)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 81,815</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (332,008)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Research and development expenses <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (23,920)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (200,603)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 89,305</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (135,218)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">General and administrative expenses <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (11,442)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,688)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (24,605)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (137,474)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 34,410</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (141,799)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total operating expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (11,442)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (13,723)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (92,919)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (696,471)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 205,530</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (609,025)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Government grants</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 48,727</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 48,727</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Share of income (loss) from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(3)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 235,265</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (235,265)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Interest expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (6,168)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (6,168)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Interest income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,998</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 52</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,324</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,376</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Investment income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,233</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 19,935</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 21,168</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Income (loss) before income taxes</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 225,821</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (5,813)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 30,662</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 257,887</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (235,700)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 272,857</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Income tax expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (410)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,588)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (44,039)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (47,037)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.19%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net income (loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.23%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 225,821</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (6,223)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 28,074</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 213,848</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.07%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (235,700)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 225,820</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following table presents the condensed consolidating schedule of financial position for our subsidiaries and the VIE as of the dates presented.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">11</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Selected Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets Information</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.28%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Niu&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">VIE&#160;and&#160;its&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Consolidated</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Technologies</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">WFOE</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Eliminations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Total</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="13" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(In thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 233,959</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13,007</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,122</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 620,485</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 872,573</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Term deposit&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 77,556</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 20,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 97,556</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 107,522</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 145</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 107,667</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Accounts receivable, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,981</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 91,975</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 94,956</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Inventories <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 7,014</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 386,967</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,191)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 392,790</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Amounts due from inter-companies <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 81,551</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 395,888</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 44,221</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (521,660)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12,034</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4,167</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 673</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 177,957</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 241</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 195,072</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 431,071</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 108,720</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 401,683</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,341,750</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (522,610)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,760,614</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Property, plant and equipment, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 73</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,826</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 321,213</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 323,112</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Intangible assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 171</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 32</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,103</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,306</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Operating lease right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 76,821</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 76,821</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)(3)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 671,329</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 219,317</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (890,646)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred income tax assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 20,747</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 20,747</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Other non-current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,721</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,731</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 671,329</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 219,571</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,858</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 426,605</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (890,646)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 428,717</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,102,400</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 328,291</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 403,541</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,768,355</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,413,256)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,189,331</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100,000</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Notes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 167,283</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 167,283</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Accounts payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 489</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 575,235</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 575,724</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Income taxes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 163</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,195</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,358</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Advances from customers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,905</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 16,400</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 19,305</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred revenue&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 41,755</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 41,755</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Amounts due to inter-companies <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4,564</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 39,986</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 467,282</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (511,842)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4,220</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4,682</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,323</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 151,286</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 165,511</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 8,784</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 48,225</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,333</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,520,436</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (511,842)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,070,936</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred revenue&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13,168</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13,168</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred income tax liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,362</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,362</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 280</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 280</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Other non-current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 8,969</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 8,969</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Amounts due to inter-companies <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 120,235</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (120,235)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total non-current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 120,235</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 24,779</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (120,235)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 24,779</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 8,784</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 168,460</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,333</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,545,215</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (632,077)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,095,715</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,093,616</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 159,831</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 398,208</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 223,140</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (781,179)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,093,616</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities and shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,102,400</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 328,291</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 403,541</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,768,355</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,413,256)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,189,331</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">12</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.35%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Niu&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">VIE&#160;and&#160;its&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Consolidated&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Technologies</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">WFOE</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Eliminations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="13" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(In thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12,376</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 28,183</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 158</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 493,570</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 534,287</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Term deposit&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 208,590</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 208,590</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 176,204</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,906</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,230</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 186,340</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 160,406</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 160,406</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Accounts receivable, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,011</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 298,732</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 299,743</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Inventories <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,966</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 411,955</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (912)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 417,009</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Amounts due from inter-companies <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 52,932</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 423,025</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 24,252</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (500,209)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12,486</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,242</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 391</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 187,577</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 205,696</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 409,656</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 97,240</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 423,574</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,582,722</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (501,121)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,012,071</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Term deposits&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 20,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 20,000</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Property, plant and equipment, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 128</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,607</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 394,622</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 397,357</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Intangible assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 492</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 48</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,318</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,858</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Operating lease right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 86,597</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 86,597</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)(3)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 906,299</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 219,317</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,125,616)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred income tax assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,132</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,132</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Other non-current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 7,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,677</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12,683</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 906,300</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 219,942</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 9,655</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 514,346</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,125,616)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 524,627</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,315,956</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 317,182</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 433,229</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,097,068</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,626,737)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,536,698</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 160,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 160,000</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Notes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 316,832</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 316,832</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Accounts payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 60</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 459,407</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 459,467</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Income taxes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 396</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,502</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,898</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Advances from customers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,410</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 23,522</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 24,932</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred revenue&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 37,540</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 37,540</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Amounts due to inter-companies <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4,262</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 18,259</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,730</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 476,121</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (500,372)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,596</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,929</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 9,216</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 175,352</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 192,093</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,858</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 26,054</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10,946</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,650,276</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (500,372)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,192,762</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred revenue&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 11,430</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 11,430</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred income tax liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,398</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,398</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 7,569</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 7,569</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Other non-current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13,441</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13,441</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Amounts due to inter-companies <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 115,714</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (115,714)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total non-current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 115,714</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 33,838</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (115,714)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 33,838</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,858</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 141,768</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10,946</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,684,114</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (616,086)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,226,600</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,310,098</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 175,414</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 422,283</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 412,954</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,010,651)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,310,098</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities and shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,315,956</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 317,182</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 433,229</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,097,068</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,626,737)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,536,698</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following table presents condensed consolidating schedule of cash flow data for our subsidiaries and the VIE for the years ended presented.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">13</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Selected Condensed Consolidating Cash Flows Information</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:62.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Niu&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">VIE&#160;and&#160;its&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Consolidated&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Technologies</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">WFOE</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Eliminations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="13" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:62.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:62.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(In thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 14,393</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (19,986)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4,964</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 93,729</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 635</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 93,735</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash flows from investing activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash paid for purchase of property, plant and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (11)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (78,924)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (78,935)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Purchase of term deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (379,419)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (379,419)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received from redemption of term deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 513,238</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 513,238</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash paid for purchase of short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (420,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (420,000)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received from sale of short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 581,426</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 581,426</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 133,819</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (11)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 82,502</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 216,310</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash flows from financing activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received from exercise of employee stock options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 654</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 654</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Proceeds from short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100,000</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Repayment for short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (160,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (160,000)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash provided by financing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 654</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (60,000)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (59,346)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4,035</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 915</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4,599</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (635)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 8,914</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 152,901</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (19,082)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4,964</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 120,830</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 259,613</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 188,580</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 32,089</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 158</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 499,800</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 720,627</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:35.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 341,481</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13,007</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,122</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 620,630</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 980,240</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">14</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:62.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Niu&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">VIE&#160;and&#160;its&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Consolidated&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Technologies</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">WFOE</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Eliminations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="13" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:62.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:62.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(In&#160;thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (23,565)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (29,111)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4,550</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (74,417)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 687</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (121,856)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash flows from investing activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash paid for purchase of property, plant and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (98)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (579)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (134,672)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (135,349)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Investments in Other Subsidiaries <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(5)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (12,263)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12,263</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Purchase of term deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (635,471)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (635,471)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received from redemption of term deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 551,794</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 551,794</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash paid for purchase of short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (20,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,573,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,593,000)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received from sale of short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 50,317</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,163,601</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,213,918</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayment for an investment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (4,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (4,000)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (95,940)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 30,219</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (4,579)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 455,929</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12,263</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 397,892</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash flows from financing activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Proceeds from the parent company <sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(5)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12,263</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (12,263)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received from exercise of employee stock options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,203</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,203</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Proceeds from short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 340,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 340,000</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Repayment for short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (360,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (360,000)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash provided by financing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,203</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12,263</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (20,000)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (12,263)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (17,797)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 21,972</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 764</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 7,994</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (687)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 30,043</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (95,330)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 14,135</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (29)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 369,506</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 288,282</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 283,910</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 17,954</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 187</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 130,294</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 432,345</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 188,580</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 32,089</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 158</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 499,800</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 720,627</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">15</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:13.8pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:62.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2021</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Niu&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">VIE&#160;and&#160;its</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Consolidated&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Technologies</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">WFOE</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Eliminations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="13" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:62.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:62.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(In thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 25,840</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (47,540)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,200</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 354,675</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 334,175</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash flows from investing activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash paid for purchase of property, plant and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (93)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,523)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (284,129)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (285,745)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Purchase of term deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (287,163)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (70,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (357,163)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received from redemption of term deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 303,296</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 50,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 353,296</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash paid for purchase of short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (205,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (5,827,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (6,032,000)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received from sale of short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 225,232</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,801,935</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,027,167</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayment for an investment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (614)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (614)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 16,133</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 20,139</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,523)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (329,808)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (295,059)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash flows from financing activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received from exercise of employee stock options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,246</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,246</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Proceeds from short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 340,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 340,000</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Repayment for short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (340,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (340,000)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash provided by financing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,246</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,246</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (6,108)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,959)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (423)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (8,490)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 42,111</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (29,360)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (323)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 24,444</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 36,872</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 241,799</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 47,314</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 510</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 105,850</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 395,473</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 283,910</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 17,954</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 187</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 130,294</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 432,345</b></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">It represents the elimination of the unrealized profit from inter-company sales.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">It represents the elimination of inter-company balances among our company, our WFOE, other subsidiaries of our company and the VIE and its subsidiaries.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(3)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">It represents the elimination of the investment in the VIE and our subsidiaries.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(4)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">It represents the elimination of the inter-company technical services, marketing services, research and development services and inter-company sales.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(5)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">It represents cash received as the investment in other subsidiaries from our company and our WFOE from other subsidiaries, which was eliminated as inter-company transaction upon consolidation.</span></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">A.</b><sup style="font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</sup><b style="font-weight:bold;">[Reserved]</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </b><b style="font-weight:bold;">Capitalization and Indebtedness</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">16</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </b><b style="font-weight:bold;">Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">D.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </b><b style="font-weight:bold;">Risk Factors</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Summary of Risk Factors</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Investing in the ADSs involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this annual report before making an investment in the ADSs. Below please find a summary of the principal risks we face, organized under relevant headings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Risks Related to Our Business and Industry</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Risks and uncertainties related to our business and industry include, but are not limited to, the following:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our success depends upon the continued strength of our brand. If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, our business and operating results may be adversely affected;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our success is dependent on the continued popularity of our existing products and services and our continued innovation and successful launches of new products and services, and we may not be able to anticipate or make timely responses to changes in the preferences of consumers;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We rely heavily on city partners and franchised stores for sales and distribution of our products and our success depends on our offline distribution network;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We rely substantially on external suppliers for certain components and raw materials used in our products;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We may not be able to maintain profitability;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our products and services may experience quality problems from time to time, which could result in decreased sales, adversely affect our results of operations and harm our reputation;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We may be compelled to undertake product recalls or take other actions, which could adversely affect our brand image and results of operations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We may face intense competition in the electric two-wheeled vehicles industry;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our marketing strategy of appealing to and growing sales to a more diversified group of users may not continue to be successful; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in mainland China do not comply with the regulations of mainland China relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law of the PRC and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders for a large portion of our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">17</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Risks Related to Doing Business in China</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Changes in China&#8217;s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The filing, approval or other administration requirements of the CSRC or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with our offshore offerings under PRC law, and, if required, we cannot predict whether or for how long we will be able to complete such filing, obtain such approval or meet such requirements;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of the laws and regulations of mainland China could limit the legal protections available to you and us; </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The PRC government&#8217;s significant oversight over our business operation could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our securities;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in the regulation on internet-related businesses and companies in mainland China; </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The PCAOB had historically been unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial statements and the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of our auditor in the past has deprived our investors with the benefits of such inspections; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our ADSs may be prohibited from trading in the United States under the HFCAA in the future if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in mainland China and Hong Kong. The delisting of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Risks Related to Our ADSs</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding the ADSs, the market price for our ADSs and trading volume could decline;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of the ADSs could adversely affect their market price;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and the ADSs may view as beneficial; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The dual-class structure of our ordinary shares may adversely affect the trading market for the ADSs.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Risks Related to Our Business and Industry</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We face intense competition in the electric two-wheeled vehicles industry.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We operate in the electric two-wheeled vehicles industry and face intense competition. We expect additional competitors to enter this market. Our future competitors may enjoy competitive advantages, such as (i) greater capacity to leverage their sales efforts and marketing expenditures across a broader portfolio of products, (ii) more established relationships with a larger number of suppliers, contract manufacturers and channel partners, (iii) access to larger and broader user bases, (iv) greater brand recognition, (v) greater financial, research and development, marketing, distribution and other resources, (vi) more resources to make investments and acquisitions and (vii) larger intellectual property portfolios. We may face competition from both domestic players and established international electric scooter manufacturers.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">18</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Moreover, some of the mass-market electric scooter manufactures have also been adopting lithium-ion battery and app connectivity technologies to enter the electric two-wheeled vehicles market, which further intensifies direct competition. We believe our exclusive focus on smart electric scooters and the benefits we receive by manufacturing in China are the basis on which we can compete in the electric two-wheeled vehicles market in spite of the challenges posed by market competition. We believe that we are strategically positioned in the electric two-wheeled vehicles market, given the quality, performance and unique design of our products. Nonetheless, increasing competition may lead to lower unit sales and the subsequent increase in inventory may result in a further downward price pressure and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. Our ability to successfully compete in our industry will be fundamental to our future success in existing and new markets and our market share. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully in our markets. If our competitors introduce new products or services that compete with or surpass the quality, price or performance of our products or services, we may be unable to satisfy existing customers or attract new customers at the prices and levels that would allow us to generate attractive rates of return on our investment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our success depends on the continued strength of our brand. If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, our business and operating results may be adversely affected.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We believe that our brand has significantly contributed to the success of our business and that maintaining and enhancing the brand is critical to retaining and expanding our customer base. Our marketing, design, research and products are aimed at reinforcing consumer perceptions of our &#8220;NIU&#8221; brand as a premium smart e-scooter brand. Therefore, failure to protect our brand or to grow the value of our &#8220;NIU&#8221; brand may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations, including losing our&#160;customers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We focus on promoting awareness of our &#8220;NIU&#8221; brand generally and in particular as a premium brand for high-quality smart e-scooters globally. We seek to maintain and strengthen our brand image through marketing initiatives, including advertising, consumer promotions and trade promotions. Maintaining and strengthening our brand image depends on our ability to adapt to a rapidly changing media environment and preferences of customers to receiving information, including our increasing reliance on social media and online dissemination of advertising campaigns. If we do not continue to improve, maintain and strengthen our brand, we may lose the opportunity to build a critical mass of customers. Additionally, promoting and positioning our brand will likely depend significantly on our ability to provide high-quality products and services and engage with our customers as intended. If we are unsuccessful in doing so, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, we rely heavily on our brand image in selling our products. Negative publicity relating to our products and services, shareholders, management, employees, operations, distributors, business partners, industry or products similar to ours, could materially and adversely affect consumer perceptions of our brand and result in decreased demand for our products. There have been various negative reports regarding our products, our company and our shareholders in the past, in both online and traditional media, and there can be no assurance that we will not experience negative publicity in the future or that such negative publicity will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our success depends on the continued popularity of our existing products and services and our continued innovation and successful launches of new products and services, and we may not be able to anticipate or make timely responses to changes in the preferences of&#160;consumers.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The success of our operations depends on our ability to introduce new or enhanced smart e-scooters, and other new products. Consumer preferences differ across and within each of the regions in which we operate or plan to operate and may shift over time in response to changes in demographic and social trends, economic circumstances and the marketing efforts of our competitors. There can be no assurance that our existing products will continue to be favored by consumers or that we will be able to anticipate or respond to changes in consumer preferences in a timely manner. Our failure to anticipate, identify or react to these particular preferences could adversely affect our sales performance and our profitability. In addition, demand for many of our products, including accessories, are closely linked to customers&#8217; purchasing power and disposable income levels, which may be adversely affected by unfavorable economic developments in the countries in which we&#160;operate.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We devote significant resources to product development. However, we may not be successful in developing innovative new products, and our new products may not be commercially successful. To the extent that we are not able to effectively gauge the direction of our key markets and successfully identify, develop and manufacture new or improved products in these changing markets, our financial results and our competitive position may suffer. Moreover, there are inherent market risks associated with new product introductions, including uncertainties about marketing and consumer preference, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in introducing new products. We may expend substantial resources developing and marketing new products that may not achieve expected sales&#160;levels.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">19</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Additionally, our competitive advantage also depends on the smart features and data services we provide to our users. Our smart e-scooters are connected to our NIU app. By using smart e-scooters&#8217; built-in&#160;GPS, on-board computer, algorithms and cloud technology, our NIU app enables riders to seamlessly receive real-time data including, among others, anti-theft alerts, daily riding habits and power supply, real-time diagnostics and maintenance and service station directory. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to innovate and develop new smart features and data services, which may jeopardize customer experience and affect both our sales of scooters and provision of related services.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We rely heavily on city partners and franchised stores for sales and distribution of our products and our success depends on our offline distribution network.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have established a distinct omnichannel retail network to sell our products and services to our customers. In China, our offline retail channels consist of city partners and franchised stores, whereas in European and other countries, we rely on overseas distributors. Our &#8220;city partner&#8221; system plays an important role in our offline sales strategy in China. City partners are our exclusive distributors who either open and operate franchised stores or sign up franchised stores. As of December 31, 2023, we had 288 city partners and 2,856 franchised stores in China. Our offline distribution network plays a crucial role in our omnichannel retail system. We rely on these city partners and franchised stores in China to directly interact with and serve our users, but the interest of city partners and franchised stores may not be entirely aligned with ours or with that of other city partners and franchised stores. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our existing relationships with city partners and franchised stores. Additionally, our existing city partners and franchised stores may not be able to maintain past levels of sales or expand their sales. In addition, as we seek to expand into new regions in China, we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully establish and maintain relationships with new city partners and franchised stores in these regions on favorable terms or at all.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Furthermore, we manage our franchised stores in a real-time and interactive manner. We closely monitor their sales performance, service levels and activities within the franchised stores through the store level management system that was implemented by us since early 2018. However, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in managing our city partners and franchised stores and detecting inconsistencies with our brand image or values or non-compliance with the provisions of our distribution agreements by them. Any non-compliance by our city partners or franchised stores could, among other things, negatively affect our brand reputation, demands for our products and our relationships with other city partners and franchised stores. Any of these could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We rely substantially on external suppliers for certain components and raw materials used in our products.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We purchase certain key components and raw material, such as batteries, motors, tires, battery chargers and controllers from external suppliers for use in our operations and production of products, and a continuous and stable supply of these components and raw materials that meet our standards is crucial to our operations and production. We normally enter into one-year procurement agreements with our external suppliers and expect to continue to rely on external suppliers for a substantial percentage of our production requirements in the future. We had one supplier accounting for greater than 10% of our total purchases in each of 2021, 2022 and 2023. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our existing relationships with these suppliers and continue to be able to source electric motors, batteries or other key components and raw materials we use in our products on a stable basis and at a reasonable price or at all. For example, our suppliers may increase the prices for the components or materials we purchase and/or experience disruptions in their production of the components or materials.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The supply chain also exposes us to multiple potential sources of delivery failure or component shortages. While we obtain components from multiple sources whenever possible, similar to other scooter manufacturers, some of the components used in our products are purchased by us from a single source. To date, we have not found qualified and cost-efficient alternative sources for most of the single sourced components used in our products and we generally do not maintain long-term agreements with our single source suppliers. We have integrated the suppliers&#8217; technologies within our products such that having to change to an alternative supplier may cause significant disruption to our operations. In the event that the supply of key components is interrupted for whatever reason or there are significant increases in the prices of these key components, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, changes in business conditions, force majeure, governmental changes and other factors beyond our control or that we do not presently anticipate could also affect our suppliers&#8217; ability to deliver components to us on a timely basis.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">20</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We incur significant costs related to procuring components and raw materials required to manufacture and assemble our products. The prices for the components and raw materials fluctuate depending on factors beyond our control including market conditions and demand for these components and materials. Substantial increases in the prices for the components or raw materials we use in producing our products would increase our costs and reduce our margins. Any of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and prospects.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have incurred net losses in the past. Although we had a net profit of RMB225.8 million in 2021, we had a net loss of RMB49.5 million and RMB271.8 million in 2022 and 2023, respectively. We had net cash provided by operating activities of RMB334.2 million and RMB93.7 million in 2021 and 2023, respectively, and net cash used in operating activities of RMB121.9 million in 2022. We cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve profitability again and maintain net profits or positive cash flow from operating activities in the future. Our ability to achieve or maintain profitability depends in large part on our ability to increase sales of our products and services, increase cost efficiency and manage operating expenses. We intend to continue to increase our sales of products, improve gross margin, manage and further reduce our operating expenses as a proportion of our total revenues, but there can be no assurance that we will achieve this goal and maintain profitability in the future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our products and services may experience quality problems from time to time, which could result in decreased sales, adversely affect our results of operations and harm our&#160;reputation.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our products and services can contain design and manufacturing defects. Sophisticated cloud electric central unit and software, such as those developed by us, often contain &#8220;bugs&#8221; that can unexpectedly interfere with the software&#8217;s intended operation. Defects may also occur in components and products that we purchase from third-party suppliers. There can be no assurance we will be able to detect and fix all defects in the hardware, software and services we offer. Failure to do so could result in lost in revenue, significant warranty and other expenses and harm to our&#160;reputation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Additionally, we source and purchase key components or accessories in our operations and production of products from third-party suppliers, such as batteries, motors, tires, battery chargers, helmets and controllers. We cannot assure that the quality and functions of these key components or accessories supplied by third-party suppliers will be consistent with and maintained at our high standard. Any defects or quality issues in these key components or accessories or any non-compliance incidents associated with these third-party suppliers could result in quality issues with our products and hence compromise our brand image and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may be compelled to undertake product recalls or take other actions, which could adversely affect our brand image and results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our products may not perform consistently with customers&#8217; expectations or with other scooters currently available on the market. Any product defects or any other failure of our products to perform as expected could harm our reputation and result in adverse publicity, lost revenue, delivery delays, product recalls, product liability claims, harm to our brand and reputation, and significant warranty and other expenses, and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, operating results and&#160;prospects.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">On November 21, 2019, the State Administration for Market Regulation, or the SAMR, issued the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Recall of Consumer Goods, which became effective on January 1, 2020. Pursuant to such provisions, if a manufacturer is aware of any potential defect in its products or receives such notice from the government authorities, it must investigate in a timely manner and report the results of such investigation to the authorities. Where any defect is found during the investigation, the manufacturer must immediately cease to manufacture, sell or import the relevant products and recall such products. As of the date of this annual report, we have not received any such notice from government authorities, or initiated, voluntarily or involuntarily, any product recalls in accordance with such provisions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In the future, we may at various times, voluntarily or involuntarily, initiate a recall if any of our products, including any systems or parts sourced from our suppliers, prove to be defective or non-compliant with applicable laws and regulations. Such recalls, whether voluntary or involuntary or caused by systems or components engineered or manufactured by us or our suppliers, could involve significant expense and could adversely affect our brand image in our target markets, as well as our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">21</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our marketing strategy of appealing to and growing sales to a more diversified group of users may not continue to be&#160;successful.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have been successful in marketing our smart e-scooters in large part by promoting the NIU brand experience and lifestyle. Our marketing, design, research and products are aimed to reinforcing customer perceptions of as a premium smart e-scooter brand. We aim to provide users with a good user experience, including by providing our users with access to a full suite of services conveniently through our NIU app and services stores. In addition, we seek to engage with our users on an ongoing basis using online and offline channels, such as NIU community and clubs. We cannot assure you that our services, including NIU Care and NIU Cover, or our efforts to engage with our users using both our online and offline channels, will be successful, which could impact our revenues as well as our customer satisfaction and&#160;marketing.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">To sustain and grow our business over the long term, we must continue to be successful in selling products and promoting the NIU brand experience and lifestyle to a broader and more diverse set of users. We must also execute our diversification strategy without adversely impacting the strength of the brand with core users. Failure to successfully increase demand for our smart e-scooters may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We consider our copyrights, trademarks, trade names, internet domain names, patents and other intellectual property rights invaluable to our ability to continue to develop and enhance our brand recognition. We have invested significant resources to develop our own intellectual property. Failure to maintain or protect these rights could harm our business. We rely on a combination of patents, patent applications, trade secrets, including know-how, copyright laws, trademarks, intellectual property licenses, contractual rights and any other agreements to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our technology. In addition, we enter into confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements with our employees and business partners. See &#8220;Item 4. Information On the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview &#8212;Intellectual Property.&#8221; Statutory laws and regulations are subject to judicial interpretation and enforcement and may lack consistency. Contractual rights may be breached by counterparties, and there may not be adequate remedies available to us for any such breach.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The measures we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be sufficient or adequate to prevent infringement on or misuse of our intellectual property. Any unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties may adversely affect our current and future revenues and our reputation. Preventing unauthorized uses of intellectual property rights could be difficult, costly and time-consuming. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. Initiating infringement proceedings against third parties can be expensive and time-consuming, and divert management&#8217;s attention from other business concerns. We may not prevail in litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights against unauthorized use. We may have to resort to litigation to protect our intellectual property rights. Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property could harm our brand name and materially affect our business and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may need to defend ourselves against patent, trademark or other proprietary rights infringement claims, which may be time-consuming and would cause us to incur substantial costs.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Companies, organizations or individuals, including our competitors, may hold or obtain patents, trademarks or other proprietary rights that would prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use, develop, sell or market our products, which could make it more difficult for us to operate our business. From time to time, we may receive communications from holders of patents or trademarks regarding their proprietary rights. Companies holding patents or other intellectual property rights may bring suits alleging infringement of such rights or otherwise assert their rights and urge us to take licenses. Our applications and uses of trademarks relating to our design, software or artificial intelligence technologies could be found to infringe upon existing trademark ownership and&#160;rights.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Additionally, we may fail to own or apply for key trademarks in a timely fashion, or at all, which may damage our reputation and brand. Additionally, we receive from time to time letters alleging infringement of patents, trademarks or other intellectual property rights by us.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">22</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">As our patents may expire and may not be extended, our patent applications may not be granted and our patent rights may be contested, circumvented, invalidated or limited in scope, our patent rights may not protect us&#160;effectively.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, we owned 582 patents, 936 registered trademarks and 27 copyrights relating to various aspects of our operations and 2 registered domain names, including <span style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">www.niu.com</span>. Of the 936 registered trademarks, 155 are registered in mainland China and 781 in other countries and regions. As of the same date, we had 316 applications for patents and trademarks pending in mainland China, Europe and other jurisdictions. For our pending applications, we cannot assure you that we will be granted patents pursuant to our pending applications. Even if our patent applications succeed and we are issued patents in accordance with them, it is still uncertain whether these patents will be contested, circumvented or invalidated in the future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages. The claims under any patents that issue from our patent applications may not be broad enough to prevent others from developing technologies that are similar or that achieve results similar to ours. It is also possible that the intellectual property rights of others will bar us from licensing and from exploiting any patents that are issued from our pending applications. Numerous patents and pending patent applications owned by others exist in the fields in which we have developed and are developing our technology. These patents and patent applications might have priority over our patent applications and could subject our patent applications to invalidation. Finally, in addition to those who may claim priority, any of our existing or pending patents may also be challenged by others on the basis that they are otherwise invalid or unenforceable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may be subject to product liability or warranty claims that could result in significant direct or indirect costs, or we could experience greater returns from retailers than expected, which could harm our business and operating results.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We may become subject to product liability claims, which could harm our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. The electric two-wheeled vehicles industry experiences significant product liability claims and we face inherent risk of exposure to claims in the event our products do not perform as expected or malfunction resulting in property damage, personal injury or death. A successful product liability claim against us could require us to pay a substantial monetary award. Moreover, a product liability claim could generate substantial negative publicity about our products and business and inhibit or prevent commercialization of our future products which would have material adverse effect on our brand, business, prospects and operating results. Any insurance coverage might not be sufficient to cover all potential product liability claims. Any lawsuit seeking significant monetary damages may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business and financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We generally provide various warranties on different components and parts of our products and across different markets. In China, we provide extended quality warranty to our users for terms varying from six months to three years, subject to certain conditions, among others, including that warranty only applies to normal use and quality issues. The occurrence of any material defects in our products could make us liable for damages and warranty claims in excess of our current reserves. In addition, we could incur significant costs to correct any defects, warranty claims or other problems, including costs related to product recalls. Any negative publicity related to the perceived quality of our products could affect our brand image, decrease retailer, distributor and customer demand, and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. While our warranty is limited to repairs and returns, warranty claims may result in litigation, the occurrence of which could adversely affect our business and operating results.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may fail to comply with legal or regulatory requirements or to obtain or maintain the licenses, permits, registrations or certificates.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our manufacturing and other production facilities as well as the packaging, storage, distribution, advertising and labeling of our products, are subject to extensive legal and regulatory requirements. For example, pursuant to the Regulation on the Administration of Production Licenses for Industrial Products of the PRC and Measures for the Implementation of the Regulation on the Administration of Production Licenses for Industrial Products of the PRC, we must maintain the Production License for National Industrial Products for the production of our products. Loss of or failure to renew or obtain necessary permits, licenses, registrations or certificates could delay or prevent us from meeting product demand, introducing new products, building new facilities or acquiring new businesses and could materially and adversely affect our operating results. If we are found to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations, we could be subject to administrative punishment, including fines, injunctions, recalls or asset seizures, as well as potential criminal sanctions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and&#160;prospects.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">23</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, future material changes in industry standards, laws and regulations, such as increased restrictions on manufacturers, could result in increased operating costs or affect our ordinary operations, which could also have a material adverse effect on our operations and our financial results. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8221; for additional details regarding the permits, licenses, registrations and other requirements applicable to us, our subsidiaries and affiliates. We largely rely on our own standards concerning the production and quality control of such products. While we are committed to producing high-quality products, there can be no assurance that our current production or quality control standards will satisfy any applicable laws and regulations that may come into effect in the&#160;future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our products are subject to safety standards and failure to satisfy such mandated standards would have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our products must comply with the safety standards of the market where they are sold. In mainland China, electric bicycles and electric motorcycles must meet or exceed all mandated safety standards, including national level and local level standards. It is required under these standards to conduct rigorous testing and use approved materials and equipment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Electric bicycles shall meet the safety requirements set out in the Safety Technical Specification for Electric Bicycle (GB17761-2018), or the Electric Bicycle Standard, which was jointly issued by the SAMR and the National Standardization Administration of China on May 15, 2018 and came into effect on April 15, 2019. Besides, a technical resolution on the interpretation and implement of the Electric Bicycle Standard was promulgated jointly by an expert group on TC12 motorcycle and component technology of Certification and Accreditation Administration of the PRC and China National Motorcycle Testing Centre (Tianjin) on March 25, 2019, which set some more specific and stricter requirements for the design of the electric bicycles. Although this resolution has not been adopted by the PRC national government as a national regulation, such interpretations that may be promulgated by the government authorities from time to time may still cause uncertainty regarding the compliance of our business. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8221; for further details.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Electric motorcycles, as one type of the power-driven vehicles, shall meet the safety requirements set out in the Technical Specifications for Safety of Power-Driven Vehicles Operating on Roads (GB7258-2017), which was jointly issued by the AQSIQ and National Standardization Administration of China on September 29, 2017, and last amended on February 20, 2021. The latest version took effect on January 1, 2022. Furthermore, the Safety Specifications for Electric Motorcycles and Electric Mopeds (GB24155-2020), which issued by the SAMR and the National Standardization Administration of China in May 2020 and became effective on January 1, 2021, also stipulates some specific safety requirements for electric motorcycles.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">There is no guarantee that our products will satisfy the standards and requirements for electric bicycles or motorcycles, and we may be required to satisfy additional industry standards and face regulation changes relating to electric bicycle and motorcycle business in the future. If our models were found to be non-compliant with laws and regulations, the models in question would be prohibited from being sold in the Chinese market, which would in turn materially and adversely affect our sales and revenue, and cause damage to our brand and result in liabilities. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8212;Regulations Relating to Production of E-Scooter&#8212;Regulations on Production of Electric Bicycle&#8221; and &#8220;&#8212;Regulations on Qualification of Production of Electric Motorcycle.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Furthermore, the electric bicycles and motorcycles must pass various tests, undergo a certification process and finally be affixed with China Compulsory Certification prior to being delivered from the factory, being sold or being used in any commercial case, and such certification is also subject to periodic renewal. On March 14, 2019, the Opinions of the State Administration for Market Regulation, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security on Intensifying Supervision of the Execution of National Standards for Electric Bicycles was promulgated. The opinions provide that the market supervision department shall strengthen the management of the China Compulsory Certification for electric bicycles, strengthen inspections of certification agencies and manufacture enterprises and only allow vehicles that meet the Electric Bicycle Standards and obtained the China Compulsory Certification flowing into the market. We have obtained the China Compulsory Certification for all of our current products, and will try to obtain the China Compulsory Certification for our future products. There is no guarantee, however, all series of our products will always comply with the China Compulsory Certification standard and satisfy the requirements of the China Compulsory Certification, or we will be able to renew our current certification or certify timely our new products in the future. If our products were found to be non-compliant with the China Compulsory Certification standard, we would be prohibited from selling such e-scooters in the Chinese market, which would in turn materially and adversely affect our sales and revenue and cause damage to our brand and result in liabilities. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8212;Regulations Relating to Production of E-Scooter&#8212;Regulations on Product Quality.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">24</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We retain certain personal information about our users and may be subject to various privacy and consumer protection&#160;laws.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We use our NIU Inspire system to log information about each smart e-scooter&#8217;s use in order to aid us in smart e-scooter diagnostics, repair and maintenance, as well as to help us collect data regarding the user&#8217;s charge time, battery usage, mileage, efficiency habits and location information. Our users may object to the use of these data, which may harm our business. Possession and use of users&#8217; personal information in conducting our business may subject us to regulatory burdens in mainland China and other jurisdictions, such as the European Union, which would require us to obtain users&#8217; consent, restrict our use of such personal information and hinder our ability to expand our user base. In the event of a data breach or other unauthorized access to our user data, we may have obligations to notify users about the incident and we may need to provide some form of remedy for the individuals affected by the incident. For example, in May 2018 the European Union&#8217;s new regulation governing data practices and privacy called the General Data Protection Regulation, or the GDPR, became effective and substantially replaced the data protection laws of the individual European Union member states. The law requires companies to meet more stringent requirements regarding the handling of personal data of individuals in the EU than were required under predecessor EU requirements. In the United Kingdom, a Data Protection Bill that substantially implements the GDPR also became law in May 2018. The law also increases the penalties for non&#173;compliance, which may result in monetary penalties of up to 20.0 million Euros or 4% of a company&#8217;s worldwide turnover, whichever is higher. In the U.S., various federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies, or self-regulatory organizations, may expand current laws or regulations, enact new laws or regulations or issue revised rules or guidance regarding privacy, data protection, information security. For example, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act, which, among other things, requires new disclosures to California consumers and afford such consumers new abilities to opt out of certain sales of personal information. Outside of the European Union and the U.S., many countries and territories have laws, regulations or other requirements relating to privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection, and new countries and territories are adopting such legislation or other obligations with increasing frequency.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If users allege that we have improperly used, released or disclosed their personal information, we could face legal claims and reputational damage. We may incur significant expenses to comply with privacy, consumer protection and security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards or contractual obligations. Additionally, we use third-party cloud services to store the data collected. If third parties improperly obtain and use the personal information of our users, we may be required to expend significant resources to resolve these problems. A major breach of our network security and systems could create serious negative consequences for our businesses and future prospects, including possible fines, penalties, reduced customer demand for our products and harm to our reputation and brand. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8221; for further details.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We are subject to a variety of costs and risks due to our continued expansion internationally that may not be successful and could adversely affect our profitability and operating results.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We face challenges and risks associated with expanding our business globally into new geographic markets. Our smart e-scooters have international models that are manufactured for sales and distribution in international markets. International expansion represents a large opportunity to further grow our business and enhance our competitive position, and is one of our core strategies.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We may enter into new geographic markets where we have limited or no experience in marketing, selling, and localizing and deploying our smart e-scooters. International expansion has required and will continue to require us to invest significant capital and other resources and our efforts may not be successful. International sales and operations may be subject to risks such&#160;as:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">limited brand recognition (compared with our home market in China);</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">costs associated with establishing new distribution networks;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">difficulty to find qualified partners for overseas distribution;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">inability to anticipate foreign consumers&#8217; preferences and customs;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">burdens of complying with a wide variety of local laws and regulations, including personal data protection, battery, motor, packaging and&#160;labeling;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">political and economic instability;</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">25</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">trade restrictions;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">lesser degrees of intellectual property protection;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">tariffs and customs duties and the classifications of our goods by applicable governmental bodies;&#160;and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a legal system subject to undue influence or corruption.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The occurrence of any of these risks could negatively affect our international business and consequently our business and operating results. In addition, the concern over these risks may also prevent us from entering into or releasing certain of our smart e-scooters in certain markets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We rely on third-party logistic service providers to deliver our online direct sales orders and certain overseas orders.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We typically rely on third-party logistic service providers to deliver our online direct sales orders and certain overseas orders. Damage or disruption to our distribution logistics due to disputes, weather, natural disasters, fire, explosions, terrorism, pandemics, geopolitical turmoil or labor strikes could impair our ability to distribute or sell our products. Inadequate third-party logistics services could also potentially disrupt our distribution and sales and compromise our business reputation. Failure to take adequate steps to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as require additional resources to restore our supply chain.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our operations may be interrupted by production difficulties due to mechanical failures, utility shortages or stoppages, fire, natural disaster or other calamities at or near our&#160;facilities.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We are reliant on equipment and technology in our facilities for the production and quality control of our products, and our operations are subject to production difficulties such as capacity constraints of our production facilities, mechanical and systems failures and the need for construction and equipment upgrades, any of which may cause the suspension of production or/and reduced output. There can be no assurance that we will not experience problems with our equipment or technology in the future or that we will be able to address any such problems in a timely manner. Problems with key equipment or technology in one or more of our production facilities may affect our ability to produce our products or cause us to incur significant expense to repair or replace such equipment or technology. Also, scheduled and unscheduled maintenance programs may affect our production output. Any of these could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and&#160;prospects.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Furthermore, we depend on a continuous supply of utilities, such as electricity and water, to operate our production facilities. Any disruption to the supply of electricity or other utilities to our production facilities may disrupt our production. This could adversely affect our ability to fulfill our sales orders and consequently may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, our operations are subject to operational risks. Fire, natural disasters, pandemics or extreme weather, including earthquakes, droughts, floods, typhoons or other storms, or excessive cold or heat could cause power outages, fuel shortages, water shortages, damage to our production facilities, any of which could impair or interfere with our operations. We cannot assure you that similar events will not happen again in the future or that we will be able to take adequate measures to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of similar events, or to effectively respond to such events if they occur, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent&#160;fraud.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities laws. Among other things, the SEC, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, adopted rules requiring every public company, including us, to include a management report on the company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management&#8217;s assessment of the effectiveness of the company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, an independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of the company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">26</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, we did not identify any material weakness in our internal controls and our financial reporting. Our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023. See &#8220;Item 15. Controls and Procedures.&#8221; In the future, however, if we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, our management may not be able to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting at a reasonable assurance level. A failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could result in inaccuracies in our financial statements and could also impair our ability to comply with applicable financial reporting requirements and related regulatory filings on a timely basis. As a result, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ADSs, may be materially and adversely affected. Moreover, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions. We may also be required to restate our financial statements from prior periods.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Furthermore, even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the requirements differently from us. In addition, since we have been a public company, our reporting obligations may place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. We may be unable to timely complete our evaluation testing and any required remediation. If we fail to maintain an effective internal control environment, we could suffer material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements and fail to meet our reporting obligations, which would likely cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information. This could in turn limit our access to capital markets, harm our results of operations, and lead to a decline in the trading price of the ADSs. Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions. We may also be required to restate our consolidated financial statements for prior&#160;periods.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If our suppliers or distributors fail to use ethical business practices and comply with applicable laws and regulations, our brand image could be harmed due to negative publicity.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our core values, which include developing high-quality smart e-scooters while operating with integrity, are an important component of our brand image, which makes our reputation sensitive to allegations of unethical business practices. We do not control the business practices of our suppliers or distributors. Accordingly, we cannot guarantee their compliance with ethical business practices, such as environmental responsibilities, fair wage practices and compliance with child labor laws, among others. A lack of demonstrated compliance could lead us to seek alternative suppliers or distributors which could increase our costs and results in delayed delivery of our products or other disruptions of our&#160;operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Violation of labor or other laws by our suppliers or distributors or the divergence of their labor or other practices from those generally accepted as ethical in the markets in which we do business could also attract negative publicity for us and our brand. This could diminish the value of our brand image and reduce demand for our products if, as a result of such violation, we were to attract negative publicity. If we, or other players in our industry, encounter similar problems in the future, it could harm our brand image, business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Any significant cybersecurity incident or disruption of our information technology systems or those of third-party partners could materially damage user relationships and subject us to significant reputational, financial, legal and operation consequences.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We depend on our information technology systems, as well as those of third parties, to develop new products and services, host and manage our services, store data, process transactions, respond to user inquiries, and manage inventory and our supply chain. Any material disruption or slowdown of our systems or those of third parties whom we depend upon could cause outages or delays in our services, particularly in the form of interruption of services delivered by our mobile app, which could harm our brand and adversely affect our operating results. We rely on cloud servers maintained by cloud service providers to store our data, and all of the data we collected are hosted at third-party cloud service providers.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">27</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Problems with our cloud service providers or the telecommunications network providers with whom they contract could adversely affect the user experience delivered by us. Our cloud service providers could decide to cease providing us services without adequate notice. Any change in service levels at our cloud servers or any errors, defects, disruptions or other performance problems with our information technology systems could harm our brand and may damage the data of our users. If changes in technology cause our information technology systems, or those of third parties whom we depend upon, to become obsolete, or if our or their information systems are inadequate to handle our growth, we could lose users, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our success depends on our ability to retain our core management team and other key&#160;personnel.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our performance depends on the continued service and performance of our directors and senior management as they are expected to play an important role in guiding the implementation of our business strategies and future plans. If any of our directors or any members of our senior management were to terminate their service or employment with us, there can be no assurance that we would be able to find suitable replacements in a timely manner, at acceptable cost or at all. The loss of services of key personnel or the inability to identify, hire, train and retain other qualified and managerial personnel in the future may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and&#160;prospects. Additionally, we rely on our research and development personnel for product development and technology innovation. If any of our key research and development personnel were to leave us, we cannot assure you that we can secure equally competent research and development personnel in a timely manner, or at all.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">We may not be able to effectively manage our growth or implement our business strategies.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We were formed in September 2014, and we launched our first product, the NQi Series scooter, in June 2015. Despite experiencing experienced significant growth since our inception, we have been facing uncertainties and pressures since 2022, which have affected our growth and results of operations. However, although we expect that our sales will return to the growth track in 2024 with the launches of our new products, our historical growth rate may not be indicative of our future performance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We believe that our future growth will depend on many factors, including launch of new products, effective marketing, successful entry into other international markets and operating efficiency. You should consider our business and future prospects in light of the risks and challenges we face in our industry, including, among other things, with respect to our ability to:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">produce safe, reliable and quality smart e-scooters;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">build a well-recognized brand;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">establish and expand our customer base;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">successfully market our products and services;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">improve and maintain our operational efficiency;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">develop and protect our core technologies;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">maintain a reliable, secure, high-performance and scalable technology infrastructure;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">attract, retain and motivate talented employees;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">anticipate and adapt to changing market conditions, including technological developments and changes in competitive landscape;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">navigate an evolving and complex regulatory environment; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">identify suitable facilities to expand manufacturing capacity.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If we fail to address any or all of these risks and challenges, our business may be materially and adversely affected.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">28</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We cannot assure you that we will be able to develop or ensure efficient, automated, low-cost manufacturing capability and processes, and reliable sources of component supply that will enable us to meet the quality, price, engineering, design and production standards, as well as the production volumes required to successfully mass-market our currently available products and future scooters. We may not be able to achieve similar results or grow at the same rate as we had in the past. As our business grows, we may adjust our product and service offerings. These adjustments may not achieve expected results and may have a material and adverse impact on our financial conditions and results of&#160;operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Higher employee costs and inflation may adversely affect our business and our ability to achieve or maintain profitability.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">China&#8217;s overall economy and the average wage in mainland China have increased in recent years and are expected to grow. The average wage level for our employees has also increased in recent years. We expect that our employee costs, including wages and employee benefits, will continue to increase. Unless we are able to pass on these increased employee costs to those who pay for our products and services, our ability to achieve or maintain profitability and our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We outsource our production labor needs to third-party labor service companies. Typically, we enter into agreements with labor service companies, pursuant to which labor service companies send their employees to work on our assembly and production lines. The labor service companies are responsible for entering into labor contracts with their employees and provide, among others, social benefits and bear costs relating to accidents or injuries happened at the work place in accordance with the laws and regulations of mainland China. We may be unable to enter into new agreements or extend existing agreements with them on terms and conditions acceptable to us, and therefore may need to contract with other third parties and incur additional labor costs. Despite our price resilience, the rising employee costs as a result of higher labor cost of our contract manufacturers and operation staff and increasing raw material price cannot be easily passed to end consumers in the form of higher retail prices due to competition in the electric two-wheeled vehicles market. Our ability to achieve or maintain profitability therefore may be adversely affected if labor cost and inflation continue to rise in the future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may need additional capital, and financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We believe our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and term deposits will be sufficient to meet our current and anticipated needs for general corporate purposes for at least the next 12 months. We may, however, need additional cash resources in the future if we experience changes in business conditions or other developments. We may also need additional cash resources in the future if we find and wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, capital expenditure or similar actions. If we determine in the future that our cash requirements exceed the amount of cash and cash equivalents we have on hand, we may seek to issue equity or equity linked securities or obtain debt financing. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our business is subject to seasonal and quarterly fluctuations, and if our sales fall below our forecasts, our overall financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our revenues and operating results have fluctuated in the past from quarter to quarter, due to, among others, seasonal factors. Our revenues have been higher in the third quarter each year primarily as a result of ideal weather conditions for riding e-scooters and have been lower in the first quarter each year primarily as a result of poor weather conditions. Accordingly, any shortfall in expected third-quarter revenues would adversely affect our annual operating results. Our advertising and promotion expenses tend to be event-driven. We typically conduct various advertising and promotional events when we launch new products. As a result, the costs relating to such marketing and promotional events may increase significantly in the relevant quarter, which may cause our results of operations and financial performance to fluctuate from quarter to quarter.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We note that, in general, scooter sales tend to decline over the winter season and we anticipate that our sales of currently available e-scooters and the upcoming new products may have similar seasonality. However, our operating results could suffer if we do not generate revenues consistent with our expectations for this seasonal demand because many of our procurement are based on anticipated levels of annual revenues and past years&#8217; pattern of reasonability. Accordingly, yearly or quarterly comparisons of our operating results may not be useful and our operating results in any particular period will not necessarily be indicative of the results to be expected for any future period.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">29</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">An economic downturn or economic uncertainty may adversely affect consumer discretionary spending and demand for our products and&#160;services.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our products and services may be considered discretionary items for some consumers. Factors affecting the level of consumer spending for such discretionary items include general economic conditions, and other factors, such as consumer confidence in future economic conditions, fears of recession, the availability and cost of consumer credit, levels of unemployment and tax rates. As global economic uncertainty remains, trends in consumer discretionary spending also remain unpredictable and subject to reductions. Unfavorable economic conditions may lead consumers to delay or reduce purchases of our products and services and consumer demand for our products and services may not grow as we expect. Our sensitivity to economic cycles and any related fluctuation in consumer demand for our products and services may have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Rising international political tension, including changes in U.S. and international trade policies, particularly with regard to China, may adversely impact our business and operating results.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The U.S. government has made statements and taken certain actions that may lead to changes to U.S. and international trade policies towards China. However, it remains unclear what additional actions, if any, will be taken by the U.S. or other governments with respect to international trade agreements, the imposition of tariffs on goods imported into the U.S., tax policy related to international commerce or other trade matters. Any unfavorable government policies on international trade, such as capital controls or tariffs, may affect the demand for our products and services, impact the competitive position of our products or prevent us from selling products in certain countries. Moreover, many of the recent policy updates in the U.S., including the Entity List regime maintained and regularly updated by the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security, may have unforeseen implications for our business. If any new tariffs, legislation and/or regulations are implemented, or if existing trade agreements are renegotiated or, in particular, if the U.S. government takes retaliatory trade actions due to the recent U.S.-China trade tension, such changes could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Additionally, the United States and various foreign governments have imposed controls, export license requirements and restrictions on the import or export of technologies and products (or voiced the intention to do so), especially related to semiconductor chips, AI and other high-tech areas, which may have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, political tensions between the United States and China have escalated due to various incidents relating to trade dispute, tensions in the Taiwan Strait, U.S. sanctions on certain Chinese government officials and Chinese companies. In response, China has implemented, and may further implement, measures in response to the changing trade policies, treaties, tariffs and sanctions and restrictions against Chinese companies initiated by the U.S. In addition, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the Hamas-Israel conflict and the attacks on shipping in the Red Sea have heightened geopolitical tensions across the world. The impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on Ukraine food exports has contributed to increases in food prices and thus to inflation more generally. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We may also face protectionist policies that could, among other things, hinder our ability to execute our business strategies and put us at a competitive disadvantage relative to domestic companies. Rising political tensions could reduce levels of trades, investments, technological exchanges, and other economic activities between the two major economies, which would have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We have limited insurance coverage, which could expose us to significant costs.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We maintain certain insurance policies to safeguard against various risks associated with our business and operations, including mainly property insurance and product liability insurance for models in the international markets and public liability insurance for models in the China market. However, we cannot assure you that our insurance coverage is sufficient to prevent us from any loss or that we will be able to successfully claim our losses under our current insurance policy on a timely basis, or at all, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">30</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We have granted, and may continue to grant, options and other types of awards under our share incentive plan, which may result in increased share-based compensation expenses.</span></p><a id="_Hlk164067670"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In January 2016 and September 2018, our shareholders and board of directors approved the 2016 Global Share Incentive Plan and the 2018 Share Incentive Plan, respectively, to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants, and promote the success of our business. The maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares that may be issued under the 2016 Global Share Incentive Plan, as amended in March 2018, or the Amended and Restated 2016 Plan, is 5,861,480 Class A ordinary shares. Under the 2018 Share Incentive Plan, the maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares available for issuance is 6,733,703 Class A ordinary shares, subject to certain annual increases. As of December 31, 2023, options to purchase 1,330,130 Class A ordinary shares and nil restricted share units had been granted and were outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2016 Plan, excluding options or restricted share units that were forfeited or canceled after the relevant grant dates. As of December 31, 2023, options to purchase 2,612,928 Class A ordinary shares and 2,003,074 restricted share units had been granted and were outstanding under the 2018 Share Incentive Plan. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, we recorded RMB47.2 million, RMB58.2 million and RMB47.7 million (US$6.7 million) in share-based compensation expenses, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We believe the granting of share-based awards is of significant importance to our ability to attract and retain key personnel and employees, and we will continue to grant share-based compensation to employees in the future. As a result, our expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of&#160;operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Competition for highly skilled personnel is often intense and we may incur significant costs or be unsuccessful in attracting, integrating, or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future&#160;needs.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have, from time to time, experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications. In addition, if any of our senior management or key personnel joins a competitor or engages in&#160;a competing business, we may lose business, knowhow, trade secrets, business partners and key personnel. Furthermore, prospective candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. Thus, our ability to attract or retain highly skilled employees may be adversely affected by declines in the perceived value of our equity or equity awards. Furthermore, there are no assurances that the number of shares reserved for issuance under our share incentive plans will be sufficient to grant equity awards adequate to recruit new employees and to compensate existing employees.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We are or may be subject to risks associated with strategic alliances or acquisitions.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have entered into and may in the future enter into joint research and development agreements, co-branding agreements and strategic alliances with various third parties to further our business purpose from time to time. These alliances could subject us to a number of risks, including risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-performance by the third party and increased expenses in establishing new strategic alliances, any of which may materially and adversely affect our business. We have limited ability to monitor or control the actions of these third parties and, to the extent any of these strategic third parties suffers negative publicity or harm to their reputation from events relating to their business, we may also suffer negative publicity or harm to our reputation by virtue of our association with any such third&#160;party.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, although we have no current acquisition plans, if appropriate opportunities arise, we may acquire additional assets, products, technologies or businesses that are complementary to our existing business. In addition to possible shareholders&#8217; approval, we may also have to obtain approvals and licenses from the government authorities for the acquisitions and to comply with any applicable laws and regulations of mainland China, which could result in increased delay and costs, and may derail our business strategy if we fail to do so. Furthermore, past and future acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets and businesses into our own require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our business operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect. Acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of significant goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">31</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our business could be adversely affected by trade tariffs or other trade&#160;barriers.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our products are exported to a number of geographical markets, such as Europe, the U.S. and Southeast Asia, and we plan to further expand our overseas sales in the future. Our ability to sell our products to international markets may be affected by trade tariffs or other trade barriers. Moreover, a discord in international trade relations and the implementation of new tariff or trade barriers, particularly between the United States and China, but also as a result of the war in Ukraine and sanctions on Russia, could negatively affect our global sales. Starting from early 2018, the U.S. government imposed several rounds of tariffs on Chinese goods, the categories of which include our e-scooters and accessories. While the two parties singed a phrase one agreement in January 2020, the tariffs on our products have yet been lifted. In addition, the European Union imposed tariffs on imports of e-bikes, which are defined as cycle with pedal assistance and an ancillary electric motor, originating in mainland China. Any of the existing tariffs and trade barriers and any future ones could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Our financial and operating performance may be adversely affected by epidemics or other public health crises.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our financial and operating performance may be materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of epidemics or other public health crises. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic between the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2023, government-imposed measures such as travel restrictions, extended holidays and delays of business resumption, interrupted normal operation of businesses and adversely affected and slowed down economic development. Many aspects of our operations and our financial performance were negatively affected as a result. Any prolonged occurrence or recurrence of these health epidemics or other adverse public health developments in China or any of the major markets in which we operate may have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. Our business could also experience a slowdown or temporary suspension in production in geographic locations impacted. To the extent any pandemic adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We are subject to changing laws and regulations regarding regulatory matters, corporate governance and public disclosure that have increased both our costs and the risk of non-compliance.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We are subject to rules&#160;and regulations by various governing bodies, including, for example, the SEC, which is charged with the protection of investors and the oversight of companies whose securities are publicly traded, and the various regulatory authorities in China and the Cayman Islands, and to new and evolving regulatory measures under applicable law. Our efforts to comply with new and changing laws and regulations have resulted in and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We operate in the electric two-wheeled vehicles industry. We are subject to the laws of mainland China in addition to the laws of the foreign countries in which we operate and to which we sell our products. Changing laws and regulations regarding regulatory matters, corporate governance and public disclosure may result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and additional costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to our disclosure and governance practices. In addition, we may face operational issues that could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business and results of operations, if we fail to address certain factors, including but not limited to the following:</p><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the need for increased resources to manage regulatory compliance across our international businesses;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:10pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">compliance with privacy laws and data security laws and compliance costs across different legal systems;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:10pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">heightened restrictions and barriers on the transfer of data between different jurisdictions; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:10pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">differing, complex and potentially adverse customs, import/export laws, tax rules and regulations or other trade barriers or restrictions related compliance obligations and consequences of non-compliance, and any new developments in these areas.</span></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If any of our overseas operations, or our associates or agents, violate such laws and regulations, we could become subject to sanctions or other penalties, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">32</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our business is subject to complex and evolving Chinese and international laws and regulations regarding data privacy and cybersecurity. Failure to protect confidential information of our customers and network against security breaches could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Personally identifiable and other confidential information is increasingly subject to legislation and regulations in China and numerous foreign jurisdictions. The PRC governmental authorities have enacted a series of laws and regulations relating to the protection of personal information and/or the supervision over data processing activities, under which certain information or data processors are required to comply with an array of personal information and data protection requirements, including for example, to clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of any information collection and usage, to obtain appropriate user consent and to establish user information protection systems with appropriate remedial measures. However, this regulatory framework for privacy issues in China and worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. For example, on June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People&#8217;s Congress issued the Data Security Law to regulate data processing activities and security supervision in mainland China, which came into effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law provides a national data security review system, under which data processing activities that affect or may affect national security shall be reviewed. Moreover, on August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People&#8217;s Congress promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law, effective on November 1, 2021, which further detailed the general rules and principles on personal data processing and further increase the potential liability of personal data processor. Given that many of the laws and regulations of mainland China regarding data privacy and cybersecurity are constantly evolving, it is uncertain how they will be interpreted or enforced. For more information, see &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Furthermore, the PRC government has taken steps to limit the method and manner that the internet companies may apply when using the algorithms. For instance, the CAC, together with eight other government authorities, jointly issued the Guidelines on Strengthening the Comprehensive Regulation of Algorithms for Internet Information Services on September 17, 2021, which provides that daily monitoring of data use, application scenarios and effects of algorithms shall be carried out by the regulators, and security assessments of algorithms shall be conducted by the regulators. The guidelines also provide that an algorithm filing system shall be established, and classified security management of algorithms shall be promoted. In addition, on December 31, 2021, the CAC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, or the MIIT, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of State Security promulgated the Administrative Provisions on Internet Information Service Algorithm Recommendation, which came into effect on March 1, 2022. These provisions stipulate that algorithm recommendation service providers shall inform users of their provision of algorithm recommendation services in a conspicuous manner, and publicize the basic principles, purpose intentions and main operating mechanisms of algorithm recommendation services in an appropriate manner. For more information, see &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">33</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, on November 14, 2021, the CAC released the Regulations on the Network Data Security for public comments, which stipulate, among others, that a prior cybersecurity review is required for listing abroad of data processors which process over one million users&#8217; personal information, and the listing of data processors in Hong Kong which affects or may affect national security. On December 28, 2021, the CAC and other twelve PRC regulatory authorities jointly revised and promulgated the Measures for Cybersecurity Review, or the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on February 15, 2022. Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, besides the procurement of network products and services by critical information infrastructure operators, any data processing activities by network platform operators that affects or may affect national security shall be subject to the cybersecurity review as well. In accordance with the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators mastering personal information of more than one million users must apply to the Cybersecurity Review Office for cybersecurity review when they seek for listing in a foreign country. However, the Cybersecurity Review Measures and the Regulations on the Network Data Security remain unclear on whether the requirements will be applicable to companies that have been listed in the United States. We cannot predict the impact of the Cybersecurity Review Measures and the Regulations on the Network Data Security, if any, at this stage, and we will closely monitor and assess any development in the rule-making process. Furthermore, on July 7, 2022, the CAC promulgated the Measures on Security Assessment of Cross-border Data Transfer, or the Data Export Measures, which became effective on September 1, 2022. The Data Export Measures require that any data processor which processes or exports personal information exceeding certain volume threshold under such measures shall apply for security assessment by the CAC before transferring any personal information abroad. The security assessment requirement also applies to any transfer of important data outside of China. Additionally, on November 18, 2022, the CAC and the SAMR issued the Implementation Rules for Personal Information Protection Certification, which came into immediate effect. These rules provide important guidance on obtaining a personal information certification for the lawful cross-border transfer of personal information under the Personal Information Protection Law. The CAC also published various regulations in 2023 that offer important guidance on relying on standard contracts for transferring personal information out of the PRC, as well as on the applicable filing requirements. Due to changes in the cross-border data transfer regulatory landscape, we have been required to continuously review our existing data protection compliance framework. This review encompasses conducting data mapping exercises, obtaining separate consents from individuals, applying for security assessments with the CAC, and entering into standard contracts with our overseas affiliates for the transfer of personal information outside of the PRC. The CAC has also issued the First Edition and the Second Edition of Guidelines for Application for Security Assessment of Outbound Data Transfer successively on August 31, 2022 and March 22, 2024, respectively, illustrating the specific requirements for declaration of the cross-border data security assessment, such as methods, processes and materials, and optimizes and simplifies the relevant materials that data processors need to submit. As of the date of this annual report, we have not been involved in any investigations, security assessment or cybersecurity reviews by the CAC, and we had not received any inquiry, notice, warning, or sanction in such respect. If a cybersecurity review for any of our activities is required, we will actively cooperate with the CAC to conduct such cybersecurity review.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Any failure, or perceived failure, by us, our employees or partners to maintain the security of our user data or to comply with applicable PRC or foreign privacy, data security and personal information protection laws, regulations, policies, contractual provisions, industry requirements and other requirements may result in civil or regulatory liability. The ensuing consequences may include governmental or data protection authority enforcement actions and investigations, fines, penalties, enforcement orders requiring us to cease operating in a certain way, revoking our business permits or business licenses, litigation or adverse publicity, which may require us to expend significant resources in responding to and defending allegations and claims. Furthermore, claims or allegations that we have failed to adequately protect our users&#8217; data, or otherwise violated applicable privacy and data security laws, regulations, policies, contractual provisions, industry standards or other requirements, may result in damage to our reputation and a loss of confidence in us by our users or our partners, potentially causing us to lose users, other business partners and revenues, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">34</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As we gradually expand into international markets, we may be subject to laws and regulations of other countries regarding cybersecurity, information security, privacy and data protection. We strive to comply with local laws and regulations in markets where we have operations. For example, the GDPR of the European Union imposes obligations on companies regarding the handling of personal data and provides certain individual privacy rights to persons whose data is stored. The GDPR requires companies to submit personal data breach notifications to designated European privacy regulator in each country they have business operations, and provides significant penalties for non-compliance with the notification obligation as well as other requirements of the GDPR. For another instance, some countries are considering or have passed legislation implementing data protection requirements or requiring local storage and processing of data or similar requirements, which, if adopted and implemented, could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services. In addition, wherever we operate, we could be subject to new laws or regulations or the interpretation and application of existing consumer and data protection laws or regulations. These new laws, regulations and interpretations are often uncertain and in flux and may be inconsistent with our practices. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to maintain compliance at all times, especially in light of the fact that laws and regulations on cybersecurity and data protection are evolving. Our launch of new products that we may take may also subject us to additional laws, regulations, or other government scrutiny. Complying with these new or additional laws, regulations and requirements could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner materially adverse to our business.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in mainland China do not comply with the regulations of mainland China relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Foreign ownership of certain of our businesses including value-added telecommunication services is subject to restrictions under current PRC laws and regulations. For example, foreign investors are not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunication service provider (excluding e-commerce, domestic multi-party communications, data collection and transmission services and call centers). </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and our mainland China subsidiaries are considered foreign-invested enterprises. Accordingly, none of these PRC subsidiaries is eligible to provide value-added telecommunication services or provide certain other restricted services related to our businesses. As a result, <span style="background:#ffffff;">we conduct or will conduct such business activities through the VIE and its subsidiaries in </span>mainland China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We entered into a series of contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders, which enable us to (i) conduct the business operations of the VIE, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIE, and (iii) have an exclusive option to or designate any third party to purchase all or part of the equity interests and assets in the VIE to the extent permitted by the laws of mainland China. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we conduct the business operations and are the primary beneficiary of the VIE and hence consolidate its financial results and its subsidiaries into our consolidated financial statements under U.S. GAAP. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;C. Organizational Structure&#8221; for further details.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Investors in our ADSs are not purchasing equity interest in the VIE in mainland China but instead are purchasing equity interest in a Cayman Islands holding company. If the PRC government deems that our contractual arrangements with the variable interest entity do not comply with the regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries in mainland China, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations, and our ADSs may decline in value or become worthless, if we are unable to assert contractual control over the assets of the VIE and its subsidiaries which contributes to a majority of our revenues in 2023. Our holding company in the Cayman Islands, the VIE, and investors of our company face uncertainty about potential future actions by the PRC government that could affect the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the variable interest entity and, consequently, significantly affect the financial performance of the VIE and our company as a group.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">35</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In the opinion of our PRC legal counsel, (i) the ownership structures of the VIE in mainland China and our WFOE are not in violation of applicable laws and regulations of mainland China currently in effect; and (ii) the contractual arrangements between our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders governed by the laws of mainland China are valid, binding and enforceable, and will not result in any violation of applicable laws and regulations of mainland China currently in effect. However, our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future laws, regulations and rules of mainland China. Accordingly, the PRC regulatory authorities may take a view that is contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. It is uncertain whether any new laws or regulations of mainland China relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or, if adopted, what they would provide. If we or the VIE are found to be in violation of any existing or future laws or regulations of mainland China, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures, including, but not limited to:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">revoking the business license and/or operating licenses of such entities;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">imposing fines, confiscating the income from the VIE, or imposing other requirements with which we or the VIE may not be able to&#160;comply;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">requiring us to restructure our ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements with the VIE and deregistering the equity pledges of the VIE, which in turn would affect our ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from, or conduct the business operations of the VIE; or</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">restricting or prohibiting our ability to finance our business and operations in mainland China.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The imposition of any of these penalties would result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. In addition, it is unclear what impact the PRC government actions would have on us and on our ability to consolidate the financial results of the VIE in our consolidated financial statements, if the PRC government authorities were to find our legal structure and contractual arrangements to be in violation of the laws and regulations of mainland China. If the imposition of any of these government actions causes us to lose our right to direct the activities of the VIE or our right to receive the economic benefits and residual returns from the VIE and we are not able to restructure our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we would no longer be able to consolidate the financial results of the VIE in our consolidated financial statements. Either of these results, or any other significant penalties that might be imposed on us in this event, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law of the PRC and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">On March&#160;15, 2019, the National People&#8217;s Congress adopted the Foreign Investment Law of the PRC, which became effective on January&#160;1, 2020 and replaced the Wholly Foreign-Invested Enterprise Law of the PRC, the Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law of the PRC and the Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law of the PRC, together with their implementation rules&#160;and ancillary regulations. On December 31, 2019, the State Council published the Implementation Rules of the Foreign Investment Law, which took effect on January 1, 2020.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected regulatory trend in mainland China to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments. However, since it is relatively new, uncertainties still exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation. For example, the Foreign Investment Law removes all references to the terms of &#8220;de facto control&#8221; or &#8220;contractual control&#8221; as defined in the draft published in 2015 by the Ministry of Commerce, and adds a catch-all clause to the definition of &#8220;foreign investment&#8221; so that foreign investment, by its definition, includes &#8220;investments made by foreign investors in China through other means defined by other laws or administrative regulations or provisions promulgated by the State Council&#8221; without further elaboration on the meaning of &#8220;other means.&#8221; The Implementation Rules of the Foreign Investment Law also remain silent on contractual arrangements. It leaves leeway for the future legislations promulgated by the State Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. It is therefore uncertain whether our corporate structure will be seen as violating the foreign investment rules as we are currently leverage the contractual arrangement to operate certain businesses in which foreign investors are prohibited from or restricted to investing.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">36</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, the Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign invested entities, except for those foreign invested entities that operate in industries deemed to be either &#8220;restricted&#8221; or &#8220;prohibited&#8221; in the &#8220;negative list.&#8221; The current Special Administrative Measures for Market Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition) was issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, and the Ministry of Commerce on December 27, 2021 and took effective on January 1, 2022. Furthermore, on December 19, 2020, the NDRC and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Measures for Security Review of Foreign Investment, effective on January 18, 2021, which provides detailed guidance regarding security review of foreign investment that has a potential impact on national security. However, there remain a number of unclear issues under the Measures, including but not limited to its view towards contractual arrangements. As the Measures was only recently issued, there are very few interpretations, implementation guidance or precedents to follow in practice. If future legislations prescribed by the State Council mandate further actions to be taken by companies with respect to existing contractual arrangement, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions in a timely manner, or at all. Failure to take timely and appropriate measures to comply with any of these or similar regulatory compliance requirements could materially and adversely affect our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders for a large portion of our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The VIE contributed a majority of our consolidated total revenues in 2021, 2022 and 2023. We have relied and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to conduct our business. These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in the VIE. For example, the VIE and its shareholders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct their operations in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests. The shareholders of the VIE have pledged all of their equity interests in the VIE to our WFOE pursuant to the equity pledge agreement under the contractual arrangements. An equity pledge agreement becomes effective between the parties upon execution. In February 2021, we completed the registration of the equity pledge under the second amended and restated equity pledge agreement with the local office of the State Administration of Market Regulation in accordance with the PRC Property Rights Law. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">If we had direct ownership of the VIE, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of the VIE, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by the VIE and its shareholders of their obligations under the contracts to conduct the business operations of the VIE. However, the shareholders of the VIE may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the period in which we intend to operate certain portions of our business through the contractual arrangements with the VIE. If any disputes relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of law and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings in mainland China and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system. See &#8220;&#8212;Any failure by the VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.&#8221; Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a VIE should be interpreted or enforced by the courts of mainland China. Should legal actions become necessary, we cannot guarantee that the court will rule in favor of the enforceability of the VIE contractual arrangements. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to conduct the business operations of the VIE, and our ability to conduct our business may be materially adversely affected. Therefore, our contractual arrangements with the VIE may not be as effective as direct ownership.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by the VIE and its subsidiaries that are important to our business if the VIE and its subsidiaries declare bankruptcy or become subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The VIE and its subsidiaries hold assets that are important to our operations, and they contributed a majority of our consolidated total revenues in 2021, 2022 and 2023. Under our contractual arrangements, the shareholders of the VIE may not voluntarily liquidate the VIE or approve it to sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of its assets or legal or beneficial interests exceeding certain threshold in the business in any manner without our prior consent. However, in the event that the shareholders breach this obligation and voluntarily liquidate the VIE, or the VIE declares bankruptcy, or all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some or all of our operations, which would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, if the VIE or its subsidiaries undergo a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, their shareholders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of its assets, hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">37</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Any failure by the VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We refer to the shareholders of the VIE as its nominee shareholders because although they remain the holders of equity interests on record in each of the VIE, pursuant to the terms of the power of attorney, each of such shareholders has irrevocably authorized our company to exercise his, her or its rights as a shareholder of the VIE. However, if the VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under the laws of mainland China, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which may not be enforceable under the laws of mainland China. For example, if the shareholders of the VIE refuse to transfer their equity interest in the VIE to us or our designee if we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they otherwise act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">All of the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by the laws of mainland China and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with the laws of mainland China and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with the legal procedures of mainland China. The legal system in the PRC is developing and rapidly evolving. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. See &#8220;&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of the laws and regulations of mainland China could limit the legal protections available to you and us.&#8221; Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a VIE should be interpreted or enforced under the laws of mainland China. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such arbitration should legal action becomes necessary. In addition, under the laws of mainland China, rulings by arbitrators are final, parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in the courts of mainland China through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delays or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to conduct the business operations of the VIE, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The shareholders of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Currently, each of Token Yilin Hu, Yi&#8217;nan Li, Yuqin Zhang and Changlong Sheng holds 89.74%, 5.00%, 2.63% and 2.63% of the equity interest in the VIE, respectively. The shareholders of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us. These shareholders may breach, or cause the VIE to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and the VIE, which would have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct the business operations of the VIE and receive economic benefits from them. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with the VIE to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and our company, except that we could exercise our purchase option under the second amended and restated exclusive option agreements with these shareholders to request them to transfer all of their equity interests in the VIE to a mainland China entity or individual designated by us, to the extent permitted by the laws of mainland China. The shareholders of the VIE have executed powers of attorney to appoint our company to vote on their behalf and exercise voting rights as shareholders of the VIE. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholders of the VIE, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">38</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The shareholders of the VIE may be involved in personal disputes with third parties or other incidents that may have an adverse effect on their respective equity interests in the VIE and the validity or enforceability of our contractual arrangements with its shareholders. For example, in the event that any of the shareholders of the VIE divorces his or her spouse, the spouse may claim that the equity interest of the VIE held by such shareholder is part of their community property and should be divided between such shareholder and his or her spouse. If such claim is supported by the court, the relevant equity interest may be obtained by the shareholder&#8217;s spouse or another third party who is not subject to obligations under our contractual arrangements, which could affect our ability to conduct the business operations of the VIE. Similarly, if any of the equity interests of the VIE is inherited by a third party with whom the current contractual arrangements are not binding, we could lose our ability to conduct the business operations of the VIE or have to maintain such ability by incurring unpredictable costs, which could cause significant disruption to our business and operations and harm our financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Although under our current contractual arrangements, (i) the spouse of each of the shareholders of the VIE has executed a spousal consent letter, under which the spouse agrees that he or she will not raise any claims against the equity interest, and will take every action to ensure the performance of the contractual arrangements, and (ii) it is expressly provided that the rights and obligations under the contractual agreements shall be equally effective and binding on the heirs and successors of the parties thereto, and the VIE shall not assign or delegate its rights and obligations under the contractual agreements to third parties without our prior consent, we cannot assure you that these undertakings and arrangements will be complied with or effectively enforced. In the case any of them is breached or becomes unenforceable and leads to legal proceedings, it could disrupt our business, distract our management&#8217;s attention and subject us to substantial uncertainties as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Contractual arrangements in relation to the VIE may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or the VIE owes additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Under applicable laws and regulations of mainland China, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the VIE contractual arrangements were not entered into on an arm&#8217;s length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable laws, rules and regulations of mainland China, and adjust the income of the VIE in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by the VIE for mainland China tax purposes, which could increase our tax expenses. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties on the VIE for the adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if the VIE&#8217;s tax liabilities increase or if it is required to pay late payment fees and other penalties.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If the chops of our mainland China subsidiaries and the VIE are not kept safely, are stolen or are used by unauthorized persons or for unauthorized purposes, the corporate governance of these entities could be severely and adversely compromised.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In mainland China, a company chop or seal serves as the legal representation of the company towards third parties even when unaccompanied by a signature. Each legally registered company in mainland China is required to maintain a company chop, which must be registered with the local Public Security Bureau. In addition to this mandatory company chop, companies may have several other chops which can be used for specific purposes. The chops of our mainland China subsidiaries and the VIE are generally held securely by personnel designated or approved by us in accordance with our internal control procedures. To the extent those chops are not kept safely, are stolen or are used by unauthorized persons or for unauthorized purposes, the corporate governance of these entities could be severely and adversely compromised and those corporate entities may be bound to abide by the terms of any documents so chopped, even if they were chopped by an individual who lacked the requisite power and authority to do so. In addition, if the chops are misused by unauthorized persons, we could experience disruption to our normal business operations. We may have to take corporate or legal action, which could involve significant time and resources to resolve while distracting management from our operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">39</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Risks Related to Doing Business in China </b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Changes in China&#8217;s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of&#160;operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Substantially all of our revenues are expected to be derived in mainland China in the near future and most of our operations, including all of our manufacturing, is conducted in mainland China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are influenced by economic, political and legal developments in China. China&#8217;s economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including with respect to the level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. The PRC government has significant authority to exert influence on the ability of a China-based company, such as us, to conduct its business. Therefore, investors of our company and our business face potential uncertainty from China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">COVID-19 had a severe and negative impact on the Chinese and the global economy from 2020 through early 2023, and the global macroeconomic environment still faces numerous challenges. The Federal Reserve and other central banks outside of China have raised interest rates. Economic conditions in China are sensitive to global economic conditions, as well as changes in domestic economic and political policies and the expected or perceived overall economic growth rate in China. Although mainland China&#8217;s economy has grown significantly in the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Some of the government measures aim to benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may unexpectedly have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. Some of the stimulus measures designed to boost the Chinese economy may unexpectedly cause higher inflation, which could affect our results of operations and financial condition. For example, certain operating costs and expenses, such as employee compensation and office operating expenses, may increase as a result of higher inflation. Additionally, because a substantial portion of our assets consists of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments, high inflation could significantly reduce the value and purchasing power of these assets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The filing, approval or other administration requirements of the CSRC or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with our offshore offerings under PRC law, and, if required, we cannot predict whether or for how long we will be able to complete such filing, obtain such approval or meet such requirements. </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, or the M&amp;A Rules, require an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of mainland China domestic companies and controlled by mainland China persons or entities to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle&#8217;s securities on an overseas stock exchange. The interpretation and application of the regulations remain unclear, and our offshore offerings may ultimately require approval of the CSRC. If the CSRC approval is required, it is uncertain whether we can or how long it will take us to obtain the approval and, even if we obtain such CSRC approval, the approval could be rescinded. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining the CSRC approval for any of our offshore offerings, or a rescission of such approval if obtained by us, would subject us to sanctions imposed by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities, which could include fines and penalties on our operations in mainland China, restrictions or limitations on our ability to pay dividends outside of mainland China, and other forms of sanctions that may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, which became effective on March 31, 2023. The Overseas Listing Trial Measures comprehensively improve and reform the existing regulatory regime for overseas offering and listing of mainland China domestic companies&#8217; securities and regulate both direct and indirect overseas offering and listing of mainland China domestic companies&#8217; securities by adopting a filing-based regulatory regime.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">40</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">According to the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, (i) a mainland China domestic company that seeks to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, should fulfill the filing procedure and report certain information to the CSRC; if a mainland China domestic company fails to complete the filing procedure or conceals any material fact or falsifies any major content in its filing documents, such company may be subject to administrative penalties, such as rectification orders, warnings and fines, and its controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines; (ii) if such company meets both of the following conditions, the overseas offering and listing shall be determined as an indirect overseas offering and listing by a mainland China domestic company: (a) any of the total assets, net assets, revenues or profits of the domestic operating entities of the company in the most recent fiscal year account for more than 50% of the corresponding figure in the company&#8217;s audited consolidated financial statements for the same period; (b) its major operational activities are carried out in mainland China or its main places of business are located in mainland China, or the senior managers in charge of operation and management of the company are mostly PRC citizens or have their usual place(s) of residence located in mainland China. The Overseas Listing Trial Measures require subsequent reports to be filed with the CSRC upon the occurrence of material events, such as change of control or voluntary or forced delisting of the companies which have completed overseas offerings and listings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">On the same day, the CSRC also held a press conference for the release of the Overseas Listing Trial Measures and issued the Notice on Administration for the Filing of Overseas Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, which, among others, clarifies that (i) prior to the effective date of the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, mainland China domestic companies that have already completed overseas listing shall be regarded as &#8220;existing companies&#8221;, which are not required to fulfill filing procedure immediately but shall be required to complete the filing if such existing companies conduct refinancing in the future; and (ii) the CSRC will solicit opinions from the regulatory authorities and complete the filing of the overseas listing of companies with contractual arrangements which duly meet the compliance requirements, and support the development and growth of these companies by enabling them to utilize two markets and two kinds of resources. However, since the Overseas Listing Trial Measures was recently promulgated, their interpretation, application and enforcement remain unclear.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Given the substantial uncertainties surrounding the latest CSRC filing requirements at this stage, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the filings and fully comply with the new rules on a timely basis, if at all.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Relatedly, on December 27, 2021, the NDRC and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access (2021 Version), or the 2021 Negative List, which became effective on January 1, 2022. Pursuant to such Special Administrative Measures, if a domestic company engaging in the prohibited business stipulated in the 2021 Negative List seeks an overseas offering and listing, it shall obtain the approval from the competent government authorities. Besides, foreign investors of the company shall not be involved in the company&#8217;s operation and management, and their shareholding percentage shall be subject, mutatis mutandis, to the regulations on the domestic securities investments by foreign investors. There remain uncertainties as to the interpretation and implementation of the 2021 Negative List, and it is unclear as to whether and to what extent listed companies like us will be subject to these new requirements. If we are required to comply with these requirements and fail to do so on a timely basis, if at all, our business operation, financial conditions and business prospect may be adversely and materially affected.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">41</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, we cannot assure you that any new rules or regulations promulgated in the future will not impose additional requirements on us. If it is determined in the future that approval and filing from the CSRC or other regulatory authorities or other procedures, including the cybersecurity review under the enacted version of the revised Measures for Cybersecurity Review and the Regulations on the Network Data Security, are required for our offshore offerings, it is uncertain whether we can or how long it will take us to obtain such approval or complete such filing procedures and any such approval or filing could be rescinded or rejected. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining such approval or completing such filing procedures for our offshore offerings, or a rescission of any such approval or filing if obtained by us, would subject us to sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities for failure to seek CSRC approval or filing or other government authorization for our offshore offerings. These regulatory authorities may impose fines and penalties on our operations in mainland China, limit our ability to pay dividends outside of mainland China, limit our operating privileges in mainland China, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our offshore offerings into mainland China or take other actions that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects, as well as the trading price of our listed securities. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities also may take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt our offshore offerings before settlement and delivery of the securities offered. Consequently, if investors engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to settlement and delivery, they do so at the risk that settlement and delivery may not occur. In addition, if the CSRC or other regulatory authorities later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals or accomplish the required filing or other regulatory procedures for our prior offshore offerings, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of such approval requirements, if and when procedures are established to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties or negative publicity regarding such approval requirement could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, reputation, and the trading price of our listed securities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of the laws and regulations of mainland China could limit the legal protections available to you and&#160;us.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The legal system of mainland China is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our mainland China subsidiaries are foreign-invested enterprises and are subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign-invested enterprises as well as various laws and regulations of mainland China generally applicable to companies incorporated in mainland China. However, since these laws and regulations are developing and the legal system of mainland China continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights. However, since administrative and court authorities of mainland China have discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be difficult to evaluate the outcome of such administrative and court proceedings. Furthermore, the legal system of mainland China is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, and which may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of any of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. Such uncertainties, including uncertainty over the scope and effect of our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights, and any failure to respond to changes in the regulatory environment in mainland China could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">42</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The PRC government&#8217;s significant oversight over our business operation could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs. </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We conduct our business primarily in mainland China. Our operations in mainland China are governed by the laws and regulations of mainland China. The PRC government has significant oversight over the conduct of our business, and may intervene or influence our operations as the government deems appropriate to advance regulatory and societal goals and policy positions, which could result in a material adverse change in our operations, and our ordinary shares and ADSs may decline in value or become worthless. The PRC government has recently published new policies that significantly affected certain industries and we cannot rule out the possibility that it will in the future release regulations or policies that directly or indirectly affect our industry or require us to seek additional permission to continue our operations, which could result in a material adverse change in our operation and/or the value of our ADSs. Also, the PRC government has recently promulgated certain regulations and rules to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and foreign investment in mainland China-based issuers. Any such action could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and our ordinary shares and ADSs may decline in value or become worthless. Therefore, investors of our company and our business face potential uncertainty from actions taken by the PRC government affecting our business.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in the regulation on internet-related businesses and companies in mainland China.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We design, manufacture and sell high-performance electric motorcycles, mopeds, bicycles, as well as kick-scooters and e-bikes. Certain aspects of our business operations may be deemed as providing value-added telecommunication services, which is subject to regulation by the PRC government. For example, the PRC government imposes foreign ownership restriction and the licensing and permit requirements for companies in the internet industry. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8212;Regulations Relating to Foreign Investment&#8221; and &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8212;Regulations Relating to Value-Added Telecommunication Services.&#8221; These laws and regulations are relatively new and evolving, and their interpretation and enforcement involve significant uncertainties. As a result, in certain circumstances it may be difficult to determine what actions or omissions may be deemed to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, our mobile app is also regulated by the Administrative Provisions on Mobile Internet Applications Information Services promulgated by the CAC. According to these provisions, providers of mobile apps shall not create, copy, publish or distribute information and content prohibited by laws and regulations. However, we cannot assure you that all the information and content displayed on, retrieved from or linked to our mobile app comply with the requirements under these provisions at all times. If our mobile app were found to be violating these provisions, we may be subject to administrative penalties, including warning, service suspension or removal of our mobile app from the relevant mobile app store, which may materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The interpretation and application of the existing laws, regulations and policies of mainland China and possible new laws, regulations or policies of mainland China relating to the internet industry have created substantial uncertainties regarding the legality of existing and future foreign investments in, and the businesses and activities of, internet businesses in mainland China, including our business. We cannot assure you that we have obtained all the permits or licenses required for conducting our business in mainland China or will be able to maintain or renew our existing licenses or obtain new ones.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">43</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The PCAOB had historically been unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial statements and the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of our auditor in the past has deprived our investors with the benefits of such inspections.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this annual report, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. The auditor is located in mainland China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB was historically unable to conduct inspections and investigations completely before 2022. As a result, we and investors in the ADSs were deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in mainland China and Hong Kong in the past has made it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our independent registered public accounting firm&#8217;s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of mainland China and Hong Kong that are subject to the PCAOB inspections. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that vacated its December 16, 2021 determination and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. However, if the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, and we use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we and investors in our ADSs would be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections again, which could cause investors and potential investors in the ADSs to lose confidence in the audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our ADSs may be prohibited from trading in the United States under the HFCAA in the future if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in mainland China and Hong Kong. The delisting of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the HFCAA, if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspections by the PCAOB for two consecutive years, the SEC will prohibit our shares or ADSs from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and our auditor was subject to that determination. In May 2022, the SEC conclusively listed us as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA following the filing of our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. For this reason, we were not identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA after we filed our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and do not expect to be so identified after we file this annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. If the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and we use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we would be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the annual report on Form 20-F for the relevant fiscal year. In accordance with the HFCAA, our securities would be prohibited from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States if we are identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for two consecutive years in the future. For U.S. single listing issuer: If our shares and ADSs are prohibited from trading in the United States, there is no certainty that we will be able to list on a non-U.S. exchange or that a market for our shares will develop outside of the United States. A prohibition of being able to trade in the United States would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our ADSs when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with delisting would have a negative impact on the price of our ADSs. Also, such a prohibition would significantly affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and prospects.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">44</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our mainland China subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our mainland China subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Niu Technologies is a holding company, and may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our mainland China subsidiaries for our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and service any debt we may incur. Current regulations of mainland China permit our mainland China subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated after-tax profits upon satisfaction of the statutory conditions and procedures, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our mainland China subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of its registered capital. For a detailed discussion of applicable regulations of mainland China governing distribution of dividends, see &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8212;Regulations Relating to Dividend Distribution.&#8221; Additionally, if our mainland China subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. Furthermore, the PRC tax authorities may require our WFOE to adjust its taxable income under the contractual arrangements it currently has in place with the variable interest entity in a manner that would materially and adversely affect its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to us. See &#8220;&#8212;Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure&#8212;Contractual arrangements in relation to the VIE may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or the VIE owes additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Any limitation on the ability of our mainland China subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business. See &#8220;&#8212;If we are classified as a mainland China resident enterprise for mainland China income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-mainland China shareholders or ADS holders.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Mainland China&#8217;s regulation of loans to and direct investment in entities in mainland China by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our offshore offerings to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our mainland China subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the laws and regulations of mainland China, we are permitted to utilize the proceeds of any financing outside of mainland China to fund our mainland China subsidiaries by making loans to or additional capital contributions to our mainland China subsidiaries, subject to applicable government registration, statutory limitations on amount and approval requirements. The amount of capital contributions that we may make to the WFOE is RMB220.0 million, without obtaining approvals from SAFE or other government authorities. Additionally, the WFOE may increase its registered capital to receive additional capital contributions from us and currently there is no statutory limit to increasing its registered capital, subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration and filing requirements. Pursuant to the regulations of mainland China, we may provide loans to the WFOE up to the larger amount of (i) the balance between the registered total investment amount and registered capital of the WFOE, or (ii) twice the amount of the net assets of the WFOE calculated in accordance with PRC GAAP, and we may provide loans to the VIE up to twice the amount of the net assets of the VIE calculated in accordance with PRC GAAP, each subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration or approval requirements. For any amount of loans that we may extend to the WFOE or the VIE, such loans must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE. Medium- or long-term loans extended by our company to the VIE must also be approved by the NDRC. For more details, see &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8212;Regulations Relating to Foreign Exchange&#8212;Regulations on Foreign Currency Exchange.&#8221; These laws and regulations of mainland China may significantly limit our ability to use Renminbi converted from the net proceeds of any financing outside of mainland China to fund the establishment of new entities in mainland China by our mainland China subsidiaries, to invest in or acquire any other mainland China companies through our mainland China subsidiaries, or to establish new variable interest entities in mainland China. Moreover, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans to our mainland China subsidiaries or future capital contributions by us to our mainland China subsidiaries. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we received or expect to receive from our offshore offerings and to capitalize or otherwise fund our operations in mainland China may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">45</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">On December 26, 2017, the NDRC issued the Management Rules for Overseas Investment by Enterprises, or the NDRC Order 11. On January 31, 2018, the Catalog on Overseas Investment in Sensitive Industries (2018 Edition) was promulgated. &#8220;Overseas investment&#8221; as defined in the NDRC Order 11 refers to the investment activities conducted by an enterprise located in the territory of mainland China either directly or through an overseas enterprise under its control by making investment with assets and equities or providing financing or guarantee in order to obtain overseas ownership, control, management rights and other related interests. Overseas investment by a Chinese individual through overseas enterprises under his/her control is also subject to the NDRC Order 11. According to the NDRC Order 11, (i) direct overseas investment by Chinese enterprises or indirect overseas investment by Chinese enterprises or individuals in sensitive industries or sensitive countries and regions requires prior approval by the NDRC; (ii) direct overseas investment by Chinese enterprises in non-sensitive industries and non-sensitive countries and regions requires prior filing with the NDRC; and (iii) indirect overseas investment of over US$300 million by Chinese enterprises or individuals in non-sensitive industries and non-sensitive countries and regions requires reporting with the NDRC. Uncertainties remain with respect to the application of the NDRC Order 11. We are not sure if we were to use a portion of the proceeds raised from our financing activities to fund investments in and acquisitions of complementary business and assets outside of mainland China, such use of U.S. dollars funds held outside of mainland China would be subject to the NDRC Order 11. There are very few interpretations, implementation guidance or precedents regarding NDRC Order 11 to follow in practice. We will continue to monitor any new rules, interpretation and guidance promulgated by the NDRC and communicate with the NDRC and its local branches to seek their opinions, when necessary. If it turns out that the NDRC Order 11 applies to our use of proceeds from the offering mentioned above and we fail to obtain the approval, complete the filing or report our overseas investment using the offering proceeds, as the case may be, in a timely manner as provided under the NDRC Order 11, we may be forced to suspend or cease our investment, or be subject to penalties or other liabilities, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and prospects.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of mainland China. Under the existing foreign exchange regulations of mainland China, payments of current account items, such as profit distributions and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of mainland China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8212;Regulations Relating to Foreign Exchange&#8212;Regulations on Foreign Currency Exchange.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The PRC government has tightened its foreign exchange policies again and stepped up scrutiny of major outbound capital movement. More restrictions and a substantial vetting process have been put in place by SAFE to regulate cross-border transactions falling under the capital account. The PRC government may also restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions, at its discretion. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of the&#160;ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Regulations of mainland China relating to offshore investment activities by mainland China residents may limit our mainland China subsidiaries&#8217; ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us or our mainland China resident beneficial owners to liability and penalties under the laws of mainland China.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">SAFE requires mainland China residents or entities to register with SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing. In addition, such mainland China residents or entities must update their SAFE registrations when the offshore special purpose vehicle undergoes certain material events. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for the Foreign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration for overseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8212;Regulations Relating to Foreign Exchange&#8212;Regulations on Foreign Currency Exchange.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">46</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If our shareholders who are mainland China residents or entities do not complete their registration with the local SAFE branches, our mainland China subsidiaries may be prohibited from distributing their profits and any proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to us, and we may be restricted from contributing additional capital to our mainland China subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with SAFE registration requirements could result in liability under the laws of mainland China for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions. Mr. Yi&#8217;nan Li, Mr. Token Yilin Hu and Ms. Yuqin Zhang who directly or indirectly hold shares in our Cayman Islands holding company and who are known to us as mainland China residents have completed the initial foreign exchange registrations and have updated their registrations required in connection with our corporate restructuring.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">However, we may not be informed of the identities of all the mainland China residents or entities holding direct or indirect interests in our company, nor can we compel our beneficial owners to comply with SAFE registration requirements. As a result, we cannot assure you that all of our shareholders or beneficial owners who are mainland China residents or entities have complied with, or will in the future make or obtain any applicable registrations or approvals required by, SAFE regulations. Failure by such shareholders or beneficial owners to comply with SAFE regulations, or failure by us to amend the foreign exchange registrations of our mainland China subsidiaries, could subject us to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit our mainland China subsidiaries&#8217; ability to make distributions or pay dividends to us or affect our ownership structure, which could adversely affect our business and prospects.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mainland China&#8217;s M&amp;A Rules and certain other regulations of mainland China establish complex procedures for certain acquisitions of mainland China companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in mainland China.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A number of laws and regulations in mainland China have established procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities in mainland China by foreign investors more time consuming and complex. In addition to the Anti-monopoly Law itself, these include M&amp;A Rules adopted in 2006 and amended in 2009, and the Rules of the Ministry of Commerce on Implementation of Security Review System of Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the Security Review Rules, promulgated in 2011. These laws and regulations impose requirements in some instances that the Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a mainland China domestic enterprise. In addition, the Anti-Monopoly Law requires that the Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any concentration of undertaking if certain thresholds are triggered. Moreover, the Security Review Rules specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise &#8220;national defense and security&#8221; concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise &#8220;national security&#8221; concerns are subject to strict review by the Ministry of Commerce, and prohibit any attempt to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. In the future, we may grow our business by acquiring complementary businesses. Complying with these requirements could be time consuming, and any required approval processes, including approval from the Ministry of Commerce, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">47</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within mainland China.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Shareholder claims or regulatory investigation that are common in the United States generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in mainland China. For example, in mainland China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to providing information needed for regulatory investigations or litigation initiated outside of mainland China. Although the authorities in mainland China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States may not be efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of mainland China and without the consent by the Chinese securities regulatory authorities and the other competent governmental agencies, no entity or individual may provide documents or materials related to securities business overseas. In addition, the Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law provide that no entity or individual within the territory of mainland China shall provide any foreign judicial body and law enforcement body with any data or any personal information stored within the territory of mainland China without the approval of the competent PRC government authority. While detailed interpretation of or implementation rules under these laws have yet to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within mainland China, and restrictions on the provision of documents, materials, data and personal information by mainland China entities and individuals to an overseas securities regulator, foreign judicial body or foreign law enforcement body may further increase difficulties faced by you in protecting your interests.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Any failure to comply with the regulations of mainland China regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject the mainland China plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under SAFE regulations, mainland China residents who participate in a stock incentive plan in an overseas publicly listed company are required to register with SAFE or its local branches and complete certain other procedures. See &#8220;Item 4.<b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b>Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8212;Regulations Relating to Foreign Exchange&#8212;Regulations on Stock Incentive Plans.&#8221; We and our mainland China resident employees who participate in our share incentive plans have been subject to these regulations when our company became publicly listed in the United States in 2018. If we or any of these mainland China resident employees fail to comply with these regulations, we or such employees may be subject to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors, executive officers and employees under the laws of mainland China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by the regulations of mainland China may subject us to penalties.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Companies operating in mainland China are required to participate in various government-sponsored employee benefit plans, including certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of their employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where they operate our businesses. The requirement of employee benefit plans has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in mainland China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. We have previously received payment notices from the government authorities for inadequate contribution to employee benefit plans, and we have made the payments and penalty. We may be required to make up the contributions for these plans as well as to pay late fees and fines. If we are subject to late fees or fines in relation to the underpaid employee benefits, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected. Going forward, we will comply with the regulations of mainland China and distribute the outstanding employee benefit payment accordingly.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Enforcement of stricter labor laws and regulations of mainland China may adversely affect our business and our profitability</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have been subject to stricter regulatory requirements in terms of entering into labor contracts with our employees and paying various statutory employee benefits to designated government agencies for the benefit of our employees. Pursuant to the PRC Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules, employers are subject to stricter requirements in terms of signing labor contracts, minimum wages, paying remuneration, determining the term of employee&#8217;s probation and unilaterally terminating labor contracts. In the event that we decide to terminate the employment with some of our employees or otherwise change our employment or labor practices, the PRC Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules may limit our ability to effect those changes in a desirable or cost-effective manner, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">48</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Companies registered and operating in mainland China are required under the Social Insurance Law and the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Funds to apply for social insurance registration and housing fund deposit registration within 30 days of their establishment and to pay for their employees different social insurance including pension insurance, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance to the extent required by law. We could be subject to orders by the competent labor authorities for rectification and failure to comply with the orders may further subject us to administrative fines.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As the interpretation and implementation of labor-related laws and regulations are still evolving, we cannot assure you that our employment practices do not and will not violate labor-related laws and regulations in mainland China, which may subject us to labor disputes or government investigations. We cannot assure you that we have complied or will be able to comply with all labor-related law and regulations including those relating to obligations to make social insurance payments and contribute to the housing provident funds. If we are deemed to have violated the labor laws and regulations, we could be required to provide additional compensation to our employees and our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our operations are subject to risks arising from fluctuations in exchange rates with reference to countries in which we operate and to which we sell our products. We sell our products to various countries, and therefore, our revenues have significant exposure to the relative movements of currencies of those countries. Any significant appreciation or depreciation of Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our ADSs in U.S. dollars. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive into Renminbi to make capital contributions or pay our operating expenses, appreciation of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, a significant depreciation of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar may significantly reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of our earnings, which in turn could adversely affect the price of our ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies is based on rates set by the People&#8217;s Bank of China. The value of Renminbi against foreign currencies is affected by changes in China&#8217;s political and economic conditions and by China&#8217;s foreign exchange policies, among other things. We cannot assure you that Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against foreign currencies in the future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Very limited hedging options are available in mainland China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by the exchange control regulations of mainland China that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Discontinuation of any of the government subsidies or imposition of any additional taxes and surcharges could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our mainland China subsidiaries have received various financial subsidies from PRC local government authorities. The financial subsidies result from discretionary incentives and policies adopted by PRC local government authorities. Local governments may decide to change or discontinue such financial subsidies at any time. The discontinuation of such financial subsidies or imposition of any additional taxes could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">49</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If we are classified as a mainland China resident enterprise for mainland China income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-mainland China shareholders or ADS holders.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of mainland China with a &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; within mainland China is considered a mainland China resident enterprise. The implementation rules define the term &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; as the body that exercises full and substantial control over and overall management of the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular, known as Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; of a PRC-controlled enterprise incorporated offshore is located in mainland China. Although Circular 82 only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by mainland China enterprises or mainland China enterprise groups, not those controlled by mainland China individuals or foreigners like us, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the State Administration of Taxation&#8217;s general position on how the &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a mainland China enterprise or a mainland China enterprise group will be regarded as a mainland China tax resident by virtue of having its &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; in mainland China and will be subject to mainland China enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in mainland China; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise&#8217;s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in mainland China; (iii) the enterprise&#8217;s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in mainland China; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in mainland China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We believe that none of our entities incorporated outside of mainland China is a mainland China resident enterprise for mainland China tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term &#8220;de facto management body.&#8221; If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a mainland China resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, we will be subject to the enterprise income tax on our global income at the rate of 25% and we will be required to comply with mainland China enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In addition, gains realized on the sale or other disposition of the ADSs or our Class A ordinary shares may be subject to mainland China tax, at a rate of 10% in the case of non-mainland China enterprises or 20% in the case of non-mainland China individuals (in each case, subject to the provisions of any applicable tax treaty), if such gains are deemed to be from mainland China sources. It is unclear whether non-mainland China shareholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and mainland China in the event that we are treated as a mainland China resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in the ADSs.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">50</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'TimesNewRoman';font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with the anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition laws and regulations may result in governmental investigations or enforcement actions, litigation, or claims or fines against us, &#160;and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The PRC government has adopted a series of anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition laws and regulations and has recently enhanced its enforcement of such laws and regulations. The PRC Anti-monopoly Law (revised in 2022) and the implementing rules (i) require that where the concentration of undertakings reaches the filing threshold stipulated by the State Council, a filing must be made with the anti-monopoly authority before the parties implement the concentration, but even if the concentration of undertakings fails to meet the filing threshold, if there is any evidence that the concentration of undertakings has or may have the effect of eliminating or restricting competition, the anti-monopoly authority may require the parties to file, (ii) prohibit a business operator with a dominant market position from abusing such position, such as by selling commodities at unfairly high prices or buying commodities at unfairly low prices, selling products at prices below cost without any justifiable cause, or refusing to trade with a trading party without any justifiable cause, and (iii) prohibit business operators from entering into monopoly agreements, which refer to agreements that eliminate or restrict competition with competing business operators or transaction counterparties, such as by boycotting transactions, fixing or changing the price of commodities, limiting the output of commodities or fixing the price of commodities for resale to third parties, unless the agreements satisfy certain exemptions under the PRC Anti&#173;monopoly Law. Furthermore, in February 2021, the Anti-monopoly Commission of the State Council promulgated the Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for the Internet Platform Economy Sector, which prohibit certain monopolistic acts of internet platforms so as to protect market competition and safeguard the interests of users and undertakings participating in the internet platform economy. These acts include prohibiting platforms with a dominant position from abusing their market dominance such as discriminating against customers in terms of pricing and other transactional conditions using big data and analytics, coercing counterparties into exclusivity arrangements, using technology to block competitors&#8217; interfaces, favorable positioning in search results of goods displays, using bundle services to sell services or products and compulsory collection of unnecessary user data. In addition, these guidelines also reinforce antitrust merger review for internet platform related transactions to safeguard market competition. Meanwhile, on March 10, 2023, the SAMR issued a series of provisions, which came into effect on April 15, 2023, to implement the Anti-Monopoly Law of the PRC, and further strengthen the anti-monopoly legal system. As these provisions and guidelines were newly promulgated, it is still uncertain how they will impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects<span style="font-family:'TimesNewRoman';">.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'TimesNewRoman';">According to the PRC Anti-unfair Competition Law, unfair competition, which refers to the production and operating activities where the operator disrupts the market competition order and damages the legitimate rights and interests of other operators or consumers in violation of the provisions of the PRC Anti-unfair Competition Law, shall be prohibited. Pursuant to the PRC Anti-unfair Competition Law, operators shall abide by the principle of voluntariness, equality, impartiality, integrity and adhere to laws and business ethics during market transactions. Operators in violation of the PRC Anti-unfair Competition Law may be subject to civil, administrative or criminal liabilities depending on the specific circumstances.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Since its inception in 2018, the SAMR has continued to strengthen anti-monopoly enforcement. In December 2018, the SAMR issued the Notice on Anti-monopoly Enforcement Authorization, which authorizes SAMR&#8217;s provincial branches to conduct anti-monopoly enforcement within their respective jurisdictions. In September 2020, the SAMR issued Anti-monopoly Compliance Guideline for Operators, which requires operators to establish anti-monopoly compliance management systems to prevent anti-monopoly compliance risks. In particular, the PRC regulators have been increasingly focused on inspection and regulation on potential noncompliance with anti-unfair competition and anti-monopoly related laws recently. We have been conducting necessary internal inspection and rectifications in accordance with such guidance and are working on some of the rectification procedures, such as concentration notification for past deals. We cannot guarantee you that we will not be subject to more similar or even stricter rectification requests from the government authorities or that we will fully comply with all applicable rules and regulations at all times. As a result of the regulators&#8217; focus on anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition compliance and enhanced regulation of platform enterprises, our business practice and expansion strategy may be subject to heightened regulatory scrutiny. In order to comply with existing laws and regulations and new laws and regulations that may be enacted in the future, we may need to devote significant resources and efforts, including restructuring affected businesses and adjusting investment activities, which may adversely affect our business operation, growth prospects and reputation. In addition, we cannot assure you that our efforts are sufficient to comply with all the applicable laws and regulations on anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition and the authorities&#8217; requirements in all respects. Any anti-monopoly or anti-unfair competition related lawsuit, regulatory investigations or administrative proceedings initiated against us could also result in our being subject to regulatory actions and constraints on our investments and acquisitions, which could include forced termination of any agreements or transactions, required divestitures, limitations on certain pricing and business practices or significant fines. As a result, we may be subject to significant difficulties in operating our current business and pursuing our investment and acquisition strategy.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">51</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We may not be able to obtain certain benefits under the tax treaty on dividends paid by our mainland China subsidiaries to us through our Hong Kong subsidiary.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Niu Technologies is a holding company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and as such rely on dividends and other distributions on equity from our mainland China subsidiaries to satisfy part of our liquidity requirements. Pursuant to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, a withholding tax rate of 10% currently applies to dividends paid by a mainland China &#8220;resident enterprise&#8221; to a foreign enterprise investor, unless any such foreign investor&#8217;s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with mainland China that provides for preferential tax treatment. Pursuant to the Arrangement between the Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, effective from December 8, 2006, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns no less than 25% of a mainland China enterprise. According to the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues concerning the &#8220;Beneficial Owner&#8221; in Tax Treaties, which became effective in April 2018, whether a resident enterprise is a &#8220;beneficial owner&#8221; that can apply for a low tax rate under tax treaties depends on an overall assessment of several factors, which may bring uncertainties to the applicability of preferential tax treatment under the tax treaties. Furthermore, the Administrative Measures for Non-Resident Taxpayers to Enjoy Treatments under Tax Treaties, which became effective on January 1, 2020, require non-resident taxpayers (including non-resident enterprises and individuals) to determine whether they are qualified to enjoy the preferential tax treatment under the tax treaties and file certain report and materials with the tax authorities. Where a non-resident taxpayer self-assesses and concludes that it/he/she satisfies the criteria for claiming preferential tax treatment, it/he/she may enjoy treaty benefits at the time of tax declaration or at the time of withholding through the withholding agent, simultaneously gather and retain the relevant materials for future inspection, and accept follow-up administration by the tax authorities. There are also other conditions for enjoying the reduced withholding tax rate according to other tax rules and regulations. See &#8220;Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects&#8212;Taxation.&#8221; In the future we intend to re-invest all earnings, if any, generated from our mainland China subsidiaries for the operation and expansion of our business in mainland China. Should our tax policy change to allow for offshore distribution of our earnings, we would be subject to a significant withholding tax. We cannot assure you that our determination regarding our qualification to enjoy the preferential tax treatment will not be challenged by the tax authority or we will be able to complete the necessary filings with the tax authority and enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% under the arrangement with respect to dividends to be paid by our mainland China subsidiaries to our Hong Kong subsidiary.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We face uncertainty with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in mainland China resident enterprises by their non-mainland China holding companies.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In February 2015, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Public Notice Regarding Certain Corporate Income Tax Matters on Indirect Transfer of Properties by Non-Resident Enterprises, or SAT Public Notice 7. SAT Public Notice 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to not only indirect transfers but also transactions involving transfer of other taxable assets, through the offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. In addition, SAT Public Notice 7 provides certain criteria on how to assess reasonable commercial purposes and has introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity through a public securities market. SAT Public Notice 7 also brings challenges to both the foreign transferor and transferee (or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of the taxable assets. Where a non-resident enterprise conducts an &#8220;indirect transfer&#8221; by transferring the taxable assets indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise being the transferor, or the transferee, or the mainland China entity which directly owned the taxable assets may report to the tax authority such indirect transfer. Using a &#8220;substance over form&#8221; principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring mainland China tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to mainland China enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a mainland China resident enterprise. On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Nonresident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or SAT Bulletin 37, which came into effect on December 1, 2017, and was last amended on June 15, 2018. The SAT Bulletin 37 further clarifies the practice and procedure of the withholding of nonresident enterprise income tax.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">52</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We face uncertainties on the reporting and consequences of future private equity financing transactions, share exchanges or other transactions involving the transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-mainland China resident enterprises. The PRC tax authorities may pursue such non&#173;resident enterprises with respect to a filing or the transferees with respect to withholding obligation, and request our mainland China subsidiaries to assist in the filing. As a result, we and non-resident enterprises in such transactions may become at risk of being subject to filing obligations or being taxed under SAT Public Notice 7 and SAT Bulletin 37, and may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with them or to establish that we and our non-resident enterprises should not be taxed under these regulations, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If the custodians or authorized users of controlling non-tangible assets of our company, including our corporate chops and seals, fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets, our business and operations could be materially and adversely affected.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the laws of mainland China, legal documents for corporate transactions are executed using the chops or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with the relevant branch of the Administration of Industry and Commerce.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Although we usually utilize chops to enter into contracts, the designated legal representatives of each of our mainland China subsidiaries, the VIE and its subsidiaries have the apparent authority to enter into contracts on behalf of such entities without chops and bind such entities. All designated legal representatives of our mainland China subsidiaries, the VIE and its subsidiaries are members of our senior management team who have signed employment agreements with us or our mainland China subsidiaries, the VIE and its subsidiaries under which they agree to abide by various duties they owe to us. In order to maintain the physical security of our chops and chops of our mainland China entities, we generally store these items in secured locations accessible only by the authorized personnel in the legal or finance department of each of our subsidiaries, the VIE and its subsidiaries. Although we monitor such authorized personnel, there is no assurance such procedures will prevent all instances of abuse or negligence. Accordingly, if any of our authorized personnel misuse or misappropriate our corporate chops or seals, we could encounter difficulties in maintaining control over the relevant entities and experience significant disruption to our operations. If a designated legal representative obtains control of the chops in an effort to obtain control over any of our mainland China subsidiaries, the VIE or its subsidiaries, we or our mainland China subsidiaries, the VIE and its subsidiaries would need to pass a new shareholder or board resolution to designate a new legal representative and we would need to take legal action to seek the return of the chops, apply for new chops with the authorities, or otherwise seek legal redress for the violation of the representative&#8217;s fiduciary duties to us, which could involve significant time and resources and divert management attention away from our regular business. In addition, the affected entity may not be able to recover corporate assets that are sold or transferred out of our control in the event of such a misappropriation if a transferee relies on the apparent authority of the representative and acts in good faith.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our leased property interest may be defective and our right to lease the properties may be affected by such defects challenged, which could cause significant disruption to our&#160;business.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the laws of mainland China, all lease agreements are required to be registered with the local housing authorities. We presently lease four premises in China, and the landlords of these premises have not completed the registration of their ownership rights or the registration of our leases with the authorities. Failure to complete these required registrations may expose our landlords, lessors and us to potential monetary fines. If these registrations are not obtained in a timely manner or at all, we may be subject to monetary fines or may have to relocate our offices and incur the associated losses.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Risks Related to Our ADSs</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to&#160;investors.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, including the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United&#160;States. The securities of some of these companies, including internet-based companies, have experienced significant volatility since their initial public offerings, including, in some cases, substantial price declines in their trading prices. The trading performances of other Chinese companies&#8217; securities after their offerings may affect the attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in the United&#160;States in general and consequently may impact the trading performance of the ADSs, regardless of our actual operating performance.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">53</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for the ADSs may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the&#160;following:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">variations in our revenues, earnings and cash flow;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships or joint ventures by us or our competitors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">announcements of new offerings, solutions and expansions by us or our competitors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">detrimental adverse publicity about us, our services or our industry;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">additions or departures of key personnel;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">release of lockup or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities;&#160;and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">potential litigation or regulatory investigations.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which the ADSs will&#160;trade.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against those companies following periods of instability in the market price of their securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management&#8217;s attention and other resources from our business and operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of&#160;operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding the ADSs, the market price for our ADSs and trading volume could&#160;decline.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The trading market for the ADSs will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business. If one or more analysts who cover us downgrade the ADSs or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for the ADSs would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the market price or trading volume for the ADSs to&#160;fall.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of the ADSs could adversely affect their market&#160;price.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Sales of substantial amounts of the ADSs in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of the ADSs and could materially impair our ability to raise capital through equity offerings in the future. We cannot predict what effect, if any, market sales of securities held by our significant shareholders or any other shareholder or the availability of these securities for future sale will have on the market price of the ADSs. As of February 29, 2024, we had 155,196,912 ordinary shares issued and outstanding, comprising of (i) 138,654,892 Class A ordinary shares, and (ii) 16,542,020 Class B ordinary shares, among which 95,472,950 Class A ordinary shares are in the form of ADSs, which are freely transferable without restriction or additional registration under the Securities Act. The remaining Class A ordinary shares outstanding and the Class B ordinary shares will be available for sale, subject to volume and other restrictions as applicable under Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities Act. Certain holders of our ordinary shares may cause us to register under the Securities Act the sale of their shares, subject to the applicable lock-up period. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in ADSs representing these shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration. Sales of these registered shares in the form of ADSs in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">54</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class&#160;A ordinary shares and the ADSs may view as beneficial.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have a dual-class ordinary share structure. Our ordinary shares are divided into Class&#160;A ordinary shares and Class&#160;B ordinary shares. Holders of Class&#160;A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class&#160;B ordinary shares will be entitled to four votes per share. Each Class&#160;B ordinary share is convertible into one Class&#160;A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class&#160;A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class&#160;B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Upon any direct or indirect sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of Class&#160;B ordinary shares by a holder thereof or the direct or indirect transfer or assignment of the voting power attached to such number of Class&#160;B ordinary shares through voting proxy or otherwise to any person or entity that is not an affiliate of such holder, such Class&#160;B ordinary shares shall be automatically and immediately converted into an equal number of Class&#160;A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">All of the 6,615,000 ordinary shares held by ELLY Holdings Limited, an entity wholly owned by Dr. Yan Li, the chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer, and the 9,927,020 ordinary shares held by Niu Holding Inc., an entity 82.7% owned by Mr. Token Yilin Hu, our former director and vice president, and 17.3% owned by Mr. Carl Chuankai Liu, are Class B ordinary shares. Messrs. Yan Li, Token Yilin Hu and Carl Chuankai Liu collectively beneficially own an aggregate of 16,542,020 Class B ordinary shares, which represented 32.3% of our total voting power as of February 29, 2024. Therefore, Messrs. Yan Li, Token Yilin Hu and Carl Chuankai Liu have significant influence over matters requiring shareholders&#8217; approval, including election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or sale of our company or our assets. This concentration in voting power will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and the ADSs may view as beneficial.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on a price appreciation of the ADSs for a return on your investment.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in the ADSs as a source for any future dividend income.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our board of directors has discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in the ADSs will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our ADSs. There is no guarantee that the ADSs will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which you purchased the ADSs. You may not realize a return on your investment in the ADSs, and you may even lose your entire investment in the ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">There can be no assurance that we will not be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S.&#160;federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, which could result in adverse U.S.&#160;federal income tax consequences to U.S.&#160;holders of the ADSs or our Class&#160;A ordinary shares.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A non-U.S. corporation will be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year if either (i) at least 75% of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of &#8220;passive&#8221; income; or (ii) at least 50% of the value of its assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. Although the law in this regard is unclear, we intend to treat the VIE (and its subsidiaries) as being owned by us for United States federal income tax purposes, not only because we conduct the business operations of such entity but also because we are entitled to substantially all of its economic benefits, and, as a result, we consolidate its result of operations in our consolidated financial statements. Assuming that we are the owner of the VIE (including its respective subsidiaries, if any) for United States federal income tax purposes, we do not believe we were a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2023 and we do not presently expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year or the foreseeable future.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">55</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">While we do not expect to become a PFIC, because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test may be determined by reference to the market price of the ADSs, fluctuations in the market price of the ADSs may cause us to become a PFIC for the current or subsequent taxable years. In addition, the composition of our income and assets will also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets. If we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes or if it were determined that we do not own the stock of the VIE for United&#160;States federal income tax purposes, our risk of being a PFIC may substantially increase. Because PFIC status is a factual determination made annually after the dose of each taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable&#160;year.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If we are a PFIC in any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder (as defined in &#8220;Item 10. Additional Information&#8212;E. Taxation&#8212;United States Federal Income Tax Considerations&#8221;) holds the ADSs or our Class A ordinary shares, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. Holder. See &#8220;Item 10. Additional Information&#8212;E. Taxation&#8212;Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our Class&#160;A ordinary shares and&#160;ADSs.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association contain certain provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions, including a provision that grants authority to our board of directors to establish and issue from time to time one or more series of preferred shares without action by our shareholders and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our Class&#160;A ordinary shares in the form of ADSs. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of the opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over the prevailing market price by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transactions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S.&#160;courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands&#160;law.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. In addition, with respect to Cayman Islands companies, plaintiffs may face special obstacles, including but not limited to those relating to jurisdiction and standing, in attempting to assert derivative claims in state or federal courts of the United States.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of association and any special resolutions passed by such companies, and the registers of mortgages and charges of such companies) or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion under our articles of association, to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but our directors are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy&#160;contest.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, differ significantly from requirements for companies incorporated in other jurisdictions such as the United&#160;States. As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by our management, members of our board of directors or our controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United&#160;States.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">56</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Certain judgments obtained against us and our directors and officers by our shareholders may not be enforceable.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and all of our assets are located outside of the United States. Substantially all of our current operations are conducted in mainland China. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of mainland China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, some of our directors and officers reside within China or are PRC nationals. As a result, it may also be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against our directors and officers in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of mainland China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against the assets of our directors and officers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other forms of written arrangement with the United States that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, the PRC courts will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC laws or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">You may experience dilution of your holdings due to inability to participate in rights offerings.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We may, from time to time, distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire securities. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not distribute rights to holders of ADSs unless the distribution and sale of rights and the securities to which these rights relate are either exempt from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all holders of ADSs or are registered under the provisions of the Securities Act. The depositary may, but is not required to, attempt to sell these undistributed rights to third parties, and may allow the rights to lapse. We may be unable to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, and we are under no obligation to file&#160;a registration statement with respect to these rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to have a registration statement declared effective. Accordingly, holders of ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution of their holdings as a&#160;result.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. The depositary may close its books from time to time for a number of reasons, including in connection with corporate events such as a rights offering, during which time the depositary needs to maintain an exact number of ADS holders on its books for a specified period. The depositary may also close its books in emergencies, and on weekends and public holidays. The depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of the ADSs generally when our share register or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary thinks it is advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other&#160;reason.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules&#160;under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United&#160;States domestic public companies.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Because we are a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules&#160;and regulations in the United&#160;States that are applicable to U.S.&#160;domestic issuers, including:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the rules&#160;under the Exchange Act requiring the filing of quarterly reports on Form&#160;10-Q or&#160;current reports on Form&#160;8-K with the&#160;SEC;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange&#160;Act;</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">57</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time;&#160;and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the selective disclosure rules&#160;by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation&#160;FD.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We are required to file an annual report on Form&#160;20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our results on a quarterly basis through press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules&#160;and regulations of the SEC. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form&#160;6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC is less extensive and less timely than that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S.&#160;domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S.&#160;domestic issuer.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with such corporate governance listing standards.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As a Cayman Islands exempted company listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market, we are subject to the Nasdaq listing standards. Rule 5620(a) requires that each company listing common stock or voting preferred stock, and their equivalents, must hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the company&#8217;s fiscal year-end. However, the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. We have informed Nasdaq that we will follow home country practice, that is, the provisions of our Sixth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, with respect to the annual meeting of shareholders, which provides that our company may (but shall not be obliged to) in each calendar year hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting. Our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they would otherwise enjoy under the Nasdaq listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers given our reliance on the home country practice exception.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The voting rights of holders of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement, and you may not be able to exercise your right to direct how the Class&#160;A ordinary shares which are represented by your ADSs are&#160;voted.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Holders of ADSs do not have the same rights as our registered shareholders. As a holder of the ADSs, you will not have any direct right to attend general meetings of our shareholders or to cast any votes at such meetings. You will only be able to exercise the voting rights that are carried by the underlying Class&#160;A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs indirectly in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Under the deposit agreement, you may vote only by giving voting instructions to the depositary. Upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will try, as far as is practicable, to vote the underlying Class&#160;A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs in accordance with your instructions. You will not be able to directly exercise your right to vote with respect to the underlying Class&#160;A ordinary shares unless you withdraw the shares and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under our articles of association, the minimum notice period required to convene a general meeting is seven calendar&#160;days. When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient advance notice of the meeting to withdraw the underlying Class&#160;A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs and become the registered holder of such shares to allow you to attend the general meeting and to vote directly with respect to any specific matter or resolution to be considered and voted upon at the general meeting. In addition, under our articles of association, for the purposes of determining those shareholders who are entitled to attend and vote at any general meeting, our directors may close our register of members and/or fix in advance a record date for such meeting, and such closure of our register of members or the setting of such a record date may prevent you from withdrawing the underlying Class&#160;A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs and becoming the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date, so that you would not be able to attend the general meeting or to vote directly. If we ask for your instructions, the depositary will notify you of the upcoming vote and will arrange to deliver voting materials to you. We have agreed to give the depositary at least 30&#160;days&#8217; prior notice of shareholder meetings. Nevertheless, we cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote the underlying Class&#160;A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for their manner of carrying out your voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to direct how the underlying Class&#160;A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs are voted, and you may have no legal remedy if the underlying Class&#160;A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs are not voted as you&#160;requested.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">58</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">We are entitled to amend the deposit agreement and to change the rights of ADS holders under the terms of such agreement, or to terminate the deposit agreement, without the prior consent of the ADS holders.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We are entitled to amend the deposit agreement and to change the rights of the ADS holders under the terms of such agreement, without the prior consent of the ADS holders. We and the depositary may agree to amend the deposit agreement in any way we decide is necessary or advantageous to us. Amendments may reflect, among other things, operational changes in the ADS program, legal developments affecting ADSs or changes in the terms of our business relationship with the depositary. In the event that the terms of an amendment impose or increase fees or charges (other than in connection with foreign exchange control regulations, and taxes and other governmental charges, delivery and other such expenses) or materially prejudice an existing substantial right of the ADS holders, ADS holders will only receive 30&#160;days&#8217; advance notice of the amendment, and no prior consent of the ADS holders is required under the deposit agreement. Furthermore, we may decide to terminate the ADS facility at any time for any reason. For example, terminations may occur when we decide to list our shares on a non-U.S. securities exchange and determine not to continue to sponsor an ADS facility or when we become the subject of a takeover or a going-private transaction. If the ADS facility will terminate, ADS holders will receive at least 30&#160;days&#8217; prior notice, but no prior consent is required from them. Under the circumstances that we decide to make an amendment to the deposit agreement that is disadvantageous to ADS holders or terminate the deposit agreement, the ADS holders may choose to sell their ADSs or surrender their ADSs and become direct holders of the underlying common shares, but will have no right to any compensation whatsoever.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">ADS holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiffs&#8217; in any such action.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The deposit agreement governing the ADSs representing our Class&#160;A ordinary shares provides that, the federal or state courts in the City of New York have non-exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine claims arising under the deposit agreement and in that regard, to the fullest extent permitted by law, ADS holders waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our Class&#160;A ordinary shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If we or the depositary opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to the deposit agreement and the ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before investing in the ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of ADSs bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the deposit agreement or the ADSs, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us and / or the depositary. If a lawsuit is brought against us and/or the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have had, including results that could be less favorable to the plaintiff(s)&#160;in any such action.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver provision is not enforced, to the extent a court action proceeds, it would proceed under the terms of the deposit agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or ADSs serves as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs or by us or the depositary of compliance with any substantive provision of the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules&#160;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">59</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">The depositary for the ADSs will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our Class&#160;A ordinary shares underlying your ADSs if you do not vote at shareholders&#8217; meetings, except in limited circumstances, which could adversely affect your interests.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, if you do not vote, the depositary will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our Class&#160;A ordinary shares underlying your ADSs at shareholders&#8217; meetings unless:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">we have instructed the depositary that we do not wish a discretionary proxy to be given;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">we have informed the depositary that there is substantial opposition as to a matter to be voted on at the meeting;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a matter to be voted on at the meeting may have a material adverse impact on shareholders; or</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the voting at the meeting is to be made on a show of hands.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The effect of this discretionary proxy is that if you do not vote at shareholders&#8217; meetings, you cannot prevent our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs from being voted, except under the circumstances described above. This may make it more difficult for shareholders to influence the management of our company. Holders of our ordinary shares are not subject to this discretionary proxy.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_2204aaeb_47f9_433c_a6f4_3d6a474a526b"></a><a id="Item4InformationontheCompany_439046"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 4.</b></span>Information on the Company</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">A.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">History and Development of the Company</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We commenced operations in September&#160;2014 through Beijing Niudian, and launched our NQi-series smart e-scooters in June&#160;2015.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In November&#160;2014, we incorporated Niu Technologies in the Cayman Islands as our offshore holding company to facilitate financing and offshore listing. Shortly following its incorporation, Niu Technologies established a wholly-owned subsidiary in Hong Kong, Niu Technologies Group&#160;Limited.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In May 2015, Niu Technologies Group Limited established a wholly-owned subsidiary in mainland China, Niudian Information.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Due to the legal restrictions on foreign ownership in companies in mainland China that provide value-added telecommunications services in mainland China, we operate our NIU app, our website www.niu.com and other related business through Beijing Niudian, a mainland China company in which the equity interests are held by mainland China citizens. In May 2015, we began to conduct the business operations of Beijing Niudian and its subsidiaries through Niudian Information by entering into a series of contractual arrangements with Beijing Niudian and its shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We refer to Niudian Information as our WFOE, and to Beijing Niudian as the VIE in this annual report. Our contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders allow us to (i) conduct the business operations of the VIE, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIE, and (iii) have an exclusive option to purchase or designate any third party to purchase all or part of the equity interests in and assets of the VIE when and to the extent permitted by the laws of mainland China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As a result of our direct ownership in our WFOE and the contractual arrangements with the VIE, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of the VIE, and we treat the VIE as the consolidated variable interest entity under U.S. GAAP, which generally refers to an entity in which we do not have any equity interests but whose financial results are consolidated into our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP because we have a controlling financial interest in, and thus are the primary beneficiary of, that entity. We have consolidated the financial results of the VIE and its subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">On October&#160;19, 2018, the ADSs representing our Class&#160;A ordinary shares commenced trading on Nasdaq under the symbol &#8220;NIU.&#8221; We raised from our initial public offering approximately US$55.2 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting commissions and discounts and the offering expenses payable by us.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">60</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">B.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Business Overview</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We currently design, manufacture and sell high-performance electric motorcycles, mopeds, bicycles, as well as kick-scooters and e-bikes. We have a diversified product portfolio that caters to the various demands of our users and addresses different urban travel scenarios. Currently, we offer two model lineups, comprising a number of different vehicle types. These include (i) our electric motorcycle, moped and bicycle series, including the NQi, MQi, UQi, F series and others, and (ii) our micro-mobility series, including the kick-scooter series KQi and the e-bike series BQi. We have adopted an omnichannel retail model, integrating the offline and online channels, to sell our products and provide services. We sold 709,802 units, including our e-motorcycles, e-scooters, kick-scooters and e-bikes, in 2023. The number of units sold in China market and international markets were 600,994 and 108,808, respectively. We sell and service our products through our &#8220;city partner&#8221; system in China, which consisted of 288 city partners with 2,856 franchised stores in 251 cities in China, and 56 distributors in 54 countries overseas as of December 31, 2023, as well as on our own online store and third-party e-commerce platforms.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our award-winning products represent style, freedom and technology. Our brand &#8220;NIU&#8221; has inspired many followers and has enabled us to build a loyal user base. We offer the NIU app as an integral part of the user experience and will continue to develop new features within the app to enhance user loyalty. NIU fan clubs are established in 36 cities in China, where fans actively organize NIU scooter-related events. Capitalizing on our premium brand, we have also been able to sell lifestyle accessories, which are well received by customers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have adopted a user-centric philosophy to design our products. We collect user feedback and product performance data to develop new products or functionalities to satisfy the unmet demand. All of our products are designed to embody the themes of style, freedom and technology through their unique design languages. We have built our smart e-scooters based on our advanced and innovative technologies, including smart technologies, powertrain and battery technologies and automotive inspired functionalities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">To meet the diversified market demand, in 2021 we entered the category of micro-mobility through kick-scooter and e-bike products in the International markets. Our kick-scooters and e-bikes product portfolio are designed to cover a wide range of urban mobility needs from last-mile commuting to entertainment purposes. Since the launch of the first kick-scooter product, we have strategically rolled out micro-mobility products to cover a wide range of market needs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We provide connectivity solutions and value-added services to our users. Our NIU app synchronizes with the smart e-scooters and communicates with our cloud system. Through the app, our users receive real-time information relating to their smart e-scooters. We use the data collected to provide smart maintenance and services, and guide the users on when and how to properly maintain our products to extend their service life and achieve better performance. We also analyze this data to help us improve our products and create new services. In addition, we collect and analyze user behavioral data from our NIU app and our website, from which we derive insights to further engage our customers and strengthen brand loyalty.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our Products</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have a diversified product portfolio that caters to the various demands of our users and addresses different urban travel scenarios. Currently, we offer two model lineups, comprising a number of different vehicle types. These include (i) our electric motorcycle, moped and bicycle series, including the NQi, MQi, UQi, F series, and others and (ii) our micro-mobility series, including the kick-scooter series KQi and the e-bike series BQi.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">For our product offerings in China, we have mainly separated our products in the premium and mass-premium categories. We built our product portfolio around the classic NQi, MQi, UQi and newly introduced F series, and rolled out diversified products catering to different market needs such as the high-performance RQi electric motorcycle and the high-end SQi electric bicycle.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NQi Series</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our NQi series smart e-scooters consist of the NQi, NQi-GT and NQi-GTS models. The NQi series is built to be high-performance, well balanced, and with a minimalistic aesthetic. Its design language is modem and minimalistic. The NQi series is equipped with advanced powertrain consisting of the removable lithium-ion battery pack with our proprietary battery management system, the BOSCH motor or NIU motor, and our proprietary Field Oriented Control, or the FOC, system that controls the electric motors. The NQi series utilizes a state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery pack that achieves extended range with light weight.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">61</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">MQi Series</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our MQi series smart e-scooters consist of the MQiS, MQi2, MQi+, &#160;MQiL, MQi-GT and MQi-GT EVO models. The MQi series is a cool and fresh-looking smart e-scooter designed for young urban users. Most of the MQi series models are smaller, lighter and more agile when cruising through urban traffic than that of the NQi series. The MQi series carries the NIU design language that puts a modem twist on the classic e-scooter design. The MQi series is designed to be ergonomic, bolstering natural and comfortable sitting posture and intuitive dashboard and switches layout.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">UQi Series</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our UQi series smart e-scooters consists of the UQi, UQiM, UQi+, UQiS and UQi-GT models. The UQi series is smaller and lighter than the NQi-Series and MQi-Series and carries the same NIU design language. The UQi series is designed to be ultra-light and ultra-compact.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">F Series</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The F-Falcon Series is a new popular series that quickly become a well-known style besides the classic halo light NMU series, with the F600, F400T, F400, F200, F100, and F0 products. The F series draws inspiration from fighter jets and seamlessly incorporates NIU&#8217;s essential smart functionalities. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For our product offerings in overseas, we have two main categories: (i) electric motorcycles and mopeds, and (ii) electric micro-mobility products. While the electric motorcycle and moped category includes some key products from the China market, the micro-mobility product category mainly focuses on kick-scooters and e-bikes.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">RQi Series</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our RQi series is a line of high-performance straddle motorcycles designed for city-oriented riding, offering sufficient speed to be safely ridden on major roads in urban areas. The RQi model is equipped with several features that enhance its performance, safety, and convenience, including removable batteries, front and rear recording cameras, a 5kW mid-mounted motor to provide acceleration, and a TFT dash containing a GPS tracker for real-time location information. With its focus on urban riding and its advanced features, the RQi series stands out as a technologically advanced option for riders who value riding experiences.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">SQi Series</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our SQi series is positioned as our most high-end product series in the electric bicycle product category for China market, featuring innovative design and cutting-edge technologies in materials. The SQi has a futuristic straddle motorcycle-like appearance. With a clear-cut geometric body frame and large 17-inch wheels, it presents an unconventional design for electric bicycles while still meeting the China&#8217;s new national standards. The body frame of the SQi has been designed using a high performing aerospace magnesium alloy material to meet the weight requirements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">KQi Series</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The KQi Series offers a wide range of products in the electric kick-scooter category. It includes the KQi Air, a high-end innovatively designed scooter, the KQi3, a high-performance product, and the KQi2 and KQi1, which are entry-level options. This diverse lineup lays a strong foundation to cater to a broad spectrum of users&#8217; need.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">BQi Series</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The BQi e-bike series features a stylish and practical lightweight frame design, combined with pedal assist and throttle control, making them easy and comfortable for city commutes. The BQi e-bike was showcased during CES in 2022 and was well received by the audiences.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Accessories and spare parts</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition to our e-scooters, urban commuter electric motorcycles, and performance bicycle series, we also offer a comprehensive line of NIU-branded accessories and spare parts.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">62</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Scooter Accessories.&#160; Our scooter accessories include riding gears, such as raincoats, gloves, and knee pads and accessories to be installed on our e-scooters to expand functionalities, such as storage baskets and tail boxes, smart phone holders, backrests and locks.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Lifestyle accessories.&#160; Our NIU POWER line of lifestyle accessories includes branding apparel, such as t-shirts, coats, jeans, hats, bags, and jewelry, and souvenirs such as notebook, badges, key chain and mugs. In November&#160;2019, we promoted the new autumn collection of NIU POWER lifestyle apparels including sweaters and hoodies.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Performance Upgrades.&#160; Our NIU POWER Performance line of high-performance upgrade components include upgraded wheels, shock absorbers, and brake calipers, and carbon fiber body panels.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our NIU App</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our NIU app serves as an integrated platform and supplemental tool to our smart e-scooters. The app includes a suite of functions that primarily focus on the connection with our smart e-scooters as well as other services and value propositions. Depending on vehicle models and geographical areas, the App includes:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU Dashboard</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Through communications with the Cloud ECU, multiple sensors, positioning module and communication modules onboard each smart e-scooter, the NIU app presents various key information about the smart e-scooter on the dashboard, including:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">scooter status, such as the location of the scooter and anti-theft alerts;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">historical riding data such as past routes and riding statistics; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">key diagnostics, such as the real-time status of the battery and the battery health&#160;score.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The dashboard features a card-based interface to present the most useful and relevant information to the users based on users&#8217; preferences, which is both intuitive and has great potential for customization and expandability.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU Services</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Through the NIU app, users can access a variety of services.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Online repair request. Users can request repair services with one click, after which the app will intelligently recommend the nearest service station for the services.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Smart check. The function checks common failures which may occur in various components. Users can directly seek solution through the fault tags.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Service station locator. Users can access comprehensive information about nearby service stations.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">NIU Cover. Users can query and activate NIU Cover insurance services within the&#160;app.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Smart service. Users can check the status of the smart connection services and can renew the&#160;service.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Theft reporting. Users can report theft of the smart e-scooter and battery within the app.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU Store</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have established a built-in e-commerce platform in our NIU app, where our users can purchase our e-scooters and NIU-branded accessories.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU Social</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The social tab is the forum for NIU users to post photos, chat, set up a gathering, and share fun in riding and daily life.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">63</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU Points</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">It is a user loyalty program designed to enhance user engagement and activity. The NIU Points are earned through joining special events, purchasing specific accessories, publishing original content, interacting with other users, among others. NIU users can redeem the earned points for exclusive NIU badges, NIU accessories, and coupons.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our NIU Brand</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our brand represents style, freedom and technology. We design and market our products purposefully to reinforce consumer perception of &#8220;NIU&#8221; as a premium smart e-scooter brand.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We conduct various marketing and branding activities to establish NIU as a premium brand. For example, we launched the global &#8220;Green Riding&#8221; cycling campaign and &#8220;Search for Earth Guardians&#8221; initiative online and offline on the Earth Day. These initiatives rallied our users from all over the world to participate in waste recycling, promote environmentally friendly travel, and encourage more people to join the green cycling movement, thereby contributing towards sustainable development and fulfilling our social responsibility as a leading provider of smart urban mobility solutions. In 2023, we actively participated in global exhibitions and roadshows, including the AIMExpo in Las Vegas, IFA in Berlin, EICMA in Milan, and the electric exhibitions in various countries, which significantly boosted the visibility of our NIU brand. We also collaborated with a diverse range of brands and trendy groups, including Alipay, Gaode Maps, Pizza Hut, War Horse, 360, The North Face, and Sneaker Con, to organize marketing activities aimed at promoting our brand. Additionally, we sponsored premier esports team, JD Gaming, to enhance our brand exposure and bolster brand recognition, particularly among the younger demographic. In August 2022, our SQi series collaborated with Razer, the world&#8217;s top gaming hardware brand, on a joint product event that received widespread recognition and praise in the gaming community and on social media, especially among the younger demographic. In October 2021, in order to celebrate our important milestone in becoming the first electric two-wheel brand in the world to have covered 10 billion kilometers of riding distance by its global users, we launched a large-scale communication campaign &#8220;Make Life Electric&#8221;, which gained popularity on Weibo, TikTok and WeChat, achieving over 1.4 billion views.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Capitalizing on our premium NIU brand, we have also launched various lifestyle accessories, such as apparel, which are well received by customers.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU Community</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have cultivated a highly dedicated and growing base of NIU fans. Our users are proud owners of NIU smart e-scooters with high engagement. Based on the e-scooter activity data we collected, more than 75% of our users rode their e-scooters on a monthly basis in 2023. We endeavor to build an interactive and dynamic social community to further convey and brand image as a fashionable urban lifestyle. NIU clubs are one of the core components of NIU community, and there were over 100 of NIU clubs as of December 31, 2023. Formed and run by the enthusiastic NIU fans, these NIU clubs organize various events, such as new product test drives, riding for good causes, and scooter parades. We support the NIU clubs with products, designs and announcement channels. To further expand the NIU community and increase brand loyalty, we have facilitated our users to create virtual NIU communities via social media, such as WeChat, to bring together our users from all walks of life. We have a dedicated user interaction team, which closely monitors and actively participates in different interest groups such as photography group, accessories group, social responsibility group, etc. and interacts with users online.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In these groups, our users share user-generated content, such as video clips or pictures. To boost the content contribution from our users, our city partners through their distribution network reward them with discounts from local businesses such as restaurants. Owning a NIU scooter thus opens up opportunities for users to participate in more local interest groups and local businesses discounts, leading to a truly better urban life. Our virtual community and NIU clubs create a beneficial network effect for the&#160;brand.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Data Analytics&#8212;NIU Big Data</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have developed our user and scooter data analytics capabilities, which enable us to collect and analyze massive relevant data to deepen our understanding of the smart e-scooter performance, user behavior and operational insights.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">64</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have accumulated massive amount of data from multiple sources. We currently collect 462 types of data points covering 72 dimensions such as humidity, lighting and temperature, from our Cloud ECU and up to 32 sensors installed on each smart e-scooter. As of December 31, 2023, our NIU app had been connected with approximately 2,704,500 smart e-scooters, which had accumulated approximately 21.4 billion kilometers of riding distance of data. We also collect data from our NIU app, company&#8217;s websites, e-commerce platforms, as well as through providing repair and maintenance services.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our cloud system utilizes a robust, multilayer database structure that can handle over a million persistent connections concurrently. Our parallel database servers to support quick multiple queries in a TB level database. Our cloud system monitors the servers and automatically regenerates a new virtual server if any server goes offline. The above features ensure that our smart e-scooters maintain constant, reliable, and responsive connections with our cloud. In addition, our cloud&#8217;s open API platform allows connection with third parties to support functions such as fleet management and smart e-scooter sharing program. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our data analytics team leverages our proprietary big data platform and analytical tools, NIU Inspire to analyze the collected data to deepen our understanding of user behavior and product performance and gain operational insights, enabling us to: (i)&#160;guide the upgrade of the existing models and development of new ones; (ii)&#160;fine tune the firmware in our existing scooters to improve performance, such as the self-adaptive state of charge algorithms for better battery utilization or the FOC controller software for better electric motor efficiency; (iii)&#160;achieve more intelligent retail and service shop planning; (iv)&#160;generate scooter diagnosis reports and provide smart maintenance suggestions; and (v)&#160;conduct accurate targeted marketing.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We collect user-related data after receiving users&#8217; consent. Users in Europe have the option to choose whether or not to send the&#160;GPS related data to us due to different data privacy regulations in these&#160;regions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">After-Sales Services</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We offer comprehensive after-sale services including value-added services. Our warranty is complemented by value-added services such as NIU Care and NIU Cover, which can be conveniently ordered through NIU app, service hotline, or at our franchised stores. In addition, we provide various value-added services through our NIU app, including DIY repairs and location of our service centers, and theft reporting. We believe all these services together will create a satisfying user experience throughout the e-scooter life cycle. Through these services, we aim to make ownership &#8220;worry free&#8221; and allow our users to truly enjoy riding and owning our e-scooters.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Warranty Policy</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We provide limited warranty to our users for terms varying from six months to three years, subject to certain conditions, such as normal use. For certain key components of e-scooters, we provide quality warranty varying from 12 months to 24 months. For lithium-ion battery packs, we provide a 24-month or 20,000-kilometer warranty or a 36-month or 30,000-kilometer warranty, depending on the model. For other components of the e-scooters, we provide quality warranty varying from six months to three years depending on the parts. We are responsible for replacing or repairing the faulty products during their respective warranty terms. The warranty on certain parts of our e-scooters is covered by our suppliers&#8217; back-to-back warranty and thus we are entitled to have the suppliers replace or repair the faulty parts.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU Care</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our e-scooters are primarily serviced through our franchised stores and our authorized service centers, which provide repair, maintenance and bodywork services.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We launched our NIU Care program in August 2018 to provide regular after-sales maintenance service to our e-scooters. Our regular maintenance services include scooter exterior check, mechanical structure service, motor system check, electrification service, battery maintenance service, tire pressure check and cleaning services. Based on user&#8217;s driving behavior and mileage.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU Cover</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In November&#160;2015, we launched NIU Cover to facilitate the sale of insurance coverage provided by third-party insurance companies relating to accident injury, loss of scooters and third-party liability.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">65</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Technologies</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Behind our lineup of smart, efficient and high-performance smart e-scooters are the suite of advanced technologies we have developed or adopted, such as NIU Energy smart power technology, the Cloud ECU, electric motors, FOC, advanced braking systems, driver assistance and system integration, among&#160;others.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">NIU Energy Smart Power Technology</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Our NIU Energy smart power technology, currently in its seventh generation, combines reliable and proven cell components, innovative hardware system design and an intelligent battery management system, or the BMS. We adapted the technology to create a portable, lightweight, safe and reliable battery pack that is suitable for e-scooters. We analyze the riding data from our smart e-scooters to locate and refine the critical point of discharge within the safe range of the battery, develop our proprietary energy efficiency matrix PACK, dynamically calibrate the intelligent BMS chips, optimize the charging dynamic balance algorithms, and integrate our EBS kinetic energy recovery system, motor, and power control unit.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Hardware Component and Design</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">We use the Lithium-ion battery cells as the building blocks of our battery pack. A matrix of battery cells is connected in parallel to produce a robust battery&#160;pack.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Our battery packs incorporate PACK technology, which is adopted by automakers globally. The PACK technology protects the battery cells from impact and regulates battery temperature, and use voltage, temperature, current, or PTC technology to protect each cell, thereby ensuring the integrity of the battery pack.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Our battery packs can be charged either standalone or when installed on the e-scooter, both of which can be through a home wall plug. They use proprietary charging connectors and ports for simultaneous safe charging and BMS data communications. We have also developed our proprietary NIU Flash Charger that effectively doubles the charging speed of our battery pack as compared to regular chargers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">BMS</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">In addition to robust hardware, our battery packs feature an intelligent battery management system, or BMS. The BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of the battery in real-time, and regulates power consumption.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">The core of our proprietary BMS is the self-adaptive SoC algorithms that optimizes the balance between performance and battery life and provides accurate range predictions based on the data and analysis of the riding behavior of the users and the discharging characteristics of the battery cells.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Cloud Electronic Control Unit</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">At the core of each NIU smart e-scooter lies the Cloud Electronic Control Unit, or the Cloud ECU. The Cloud ECU serves as both a control center and communications center for the smart e-scooter. In particular, the Cloud ECU serves a wide range of functions including, among others, scooter control, motion monitoring, positioning, connectivity and data transmission from the smart e-scooter to our&#160;cloud server.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Scooter Control.</i>&#160; The Cloud ECU serves as the smart e-scooter&#8217;s master control center, coordinating the smart e-scooter&#8217;s complex systems. The Cloud ECU controls, among others, the smart e-scooter battery, electric motor, Field Oriented Control system, electronic lock and light systems.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Motion Monitoring.</i>&#160; The Cloud ECU monitors various physical aspects of our smart e-scooters with its built-in triaxial gyro sensor. The gyro sensor detects acceleration and changes in rotational motion or orientation. Thus, the Cloud ECU is able to monitor the posture and dynamics of the smart e-scooter in real-time and accordingly adjust the motor&#8217;s power output, ensuring the smart e-scooter&#8217;s performance and&#160;efficiency.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Positioning.</i>&#160; The Cloud ECU currently supports two major global satellite geolocation systems: (1) the American Global Positioning System, or the GPS, (2) &#160;the Chinese COMPASS, also known as the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. Together, these systems constitute the technical backbone of our position-based anti-theft systems as well as functions such as riding map and smart e-scooter sharing, which are capable of detecting unauthorized movements of our smart e-scooters.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">66</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Connectivity and Data Transmission.</i>&#160;The Cloud ECU facilitates the connectivity of our smart e-scooters, which are able to access the complete spectrum of mobile network standards. Via these mobile networks, the Cloud ECU upload data about a smart e-scooter&#8217;s position and its condition every 3 to 15&#160;seconds, depending on the smart e-scooter&#8217;s start up conditions. The transmittance of this data also serves as the foundation of our Assisted Global Positioning System, or the AGPS, that, when coupled with our&#160;GPS systems, allows for precise geolocation of our smart e-scooters. In addition, our smart e-scooters are also equipped with dual-mode Bluetooth chips, which allow owners of our smart e-scooters to use their smartphones to directly communicate with our e-scooters. Owners can, among others, query the smart e-scooter&#8217;s status and change certain settings such as adjusting the sensitivity level of the anti-theft alert.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Intelligent Interaction.</i> The Cloud ECU supports remote interaction with vehicles through IoT, as well as interaction between smartphones and vehicles via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in the absence of a wireless network. Additionally, it supports NFC card swiping for powering on and off, and is capable of learning user driving habits to calculate estimated mileage.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">OM Updates.</i>&#160; Our smart e-scooters are the first in the industry with OTA update capability, which is normally only seen on high-end electric cars. The OTA update is supported by the Cloud ECU and rewriteable firmware of various electronic components. The OTA allows users to effortlessly update the e-scooters to the most recent firmware updates, so the users can benefit from all future performance improvements and feature enhancements on a regular basis.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In addition to constantly improving and upgrading our Cloud ECU, we have developed our own System-on-Chip module, which to our knowledge is the first chip module specially designed and customized for smart urban mobility products. We have applied the C35 System-on-Chip module to the latest V35 version of Cloud ECU to replace the current version of Cloud ECU since August 2019, which provides higher performance and better reliability with lower power consumption and more compact packaging. In addition, the customized chip module will make it more difficult for competitors to replicate our Cloud ECU. In the meantime, we are adopting Long-Term Evolution Category 1 (LTE Cat-1) data connection technology and applying to mass production since July 2021. Compared with Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), LTE Cat-1 supports higher bandwidth needs since it offers better performance and much lower latency than its counterpart.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Motors</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We purchase motors from various suppliers and we have also designed our NIU motors, which are energy efficient and cost-efficient. We have been constantly increasing the conversion ratio and refining the calibration of the FOC of the motors.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Field Oriented Control</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Using big data analytics, we have developed the proprietary FOC system that controls the electric motors. The FOC is the intelligence behind the powertrains of our entire lineup of smart e-scooters, and helps our smart e-scooters strike the balance between performance and power consumption.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The FOC controls the motor in real-time by recognizing riding conditions and continuously adjusting the torque of the motor for optimal performance. The FOC taps into the performance of a vector controller, which is superior to the square-wave controllers common on the market because a vector controller controls the power and torque output of the motor as opposed to simply adjusting the revolutions per minute, achieving a much smoother ride.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Braking System</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Our smart e-scooters are equipped with hydraulic disc brakes made from special alloys. The brake discs are slotted to extend the life of the&#160;system. The hardware of the brakes is complemented by the Electronic Braking System, or the EBS, which provides for intelligent braking and recycling kinetic energy. Certain of our models also employ the combined braking system, or CBS, which intelligently splits braking force between the front and rear discs to shorten the braking distance at higher speeds.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Driver Assistance</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have developed various driver assistance technologies to enhance the rider experience of our smart e-scooters such as automatic headlight, automatic return indicators, cruise control and smart self-diagnosis systems.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">67</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We continue to look for ways to enhance the user experience. We have developed adaptive responses to road conditions, active safety systems, and applied them to our latest version of Cloud ECU. We are currently working on the development of, among others, active safety systems, self-balancing systems and L2 autonomous driving systems. These advanced systems are developed in tandem with the new product series.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">System Integration</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The NIU systems draw from a diverse range of industries and technologies. For example, we use gyroscope, satellite navigation and mobile communication chipsets that originate from the mobile phone industry; temperature sensors, humidity sensors and communication protocols that originate from the industrial control systems; and cloud and big data technologies that originate from internet industry. These diverse technologies and components operate under diverse conditions, such as different working electrical currents and temperatures. We have developed a system that uses a single master control with multi-channel protocols to ensure that all components in the vehicle can be upgraded to the latest&#160;version.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Design and Engineering</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have significant in-house design and engineering capabilities, which cover all areas of scooter engineering from concept to&#160;completion.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">User-Centric Philosophy</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We adopt a user-centric approach in our product design and development. All of our products are designed based on the quantitative data and qualitative feedback we collect from the smart e-scooters and users. We have developed an instant user feedback loop based on our continuous connection with smart e-scooters and proactive interaction with users and achieved an agile product development process. We collect and analyze large amounts of product performance data and user behavioral data generated by the smart e-scooters running on the road and collected from our NIU app and website. We also conduct comprehensive surveys and collect feedback and comments from online virtual communities to understand the drawbacks of existing scooters and aim to develop new products and functionalities to satisfy the user demand. Utilizing the insights gained from the data and feedback collected, we have developed various new products and functionalities, such as cruise control and automatic headlight. We also utilize the data and feedback to provide updates to our firmware regularly over-the-air (OTA) to fine-tune the performance of our smart e-scooters and improve overall user experience.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our research and development team comprise motorcycle enthusiasts with years of motor biking experience. Their enthusiasm, experience and expertise, together with our user-centric product development philosophy, have allowed us to design and deliver high-performance smart e-scooters and made us the pioneer in urban mobility solutions we are&#160;today.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Platform-based Engineering System</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have developed a platform-based engineering system, which is based on the same in-scooter control and data connection systems. Accordingly, we can develop different product lines with the same voltage requirement. As a result, our existing production lines can be easily adapted to new products. For example, our MQi and UQi series, which are all based on the 48V platform, adopt the same battery pack solution, battery management system, and FOC, BOSCH motor and EBS. By doing so, we can shorten our design timeline, accelerate time-to-market and lower manufacturing costs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Industrial Design</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Industrial design plays a crucial role at NIU. Utilizing the power of design and design thinking, the team is able to identify critical pain points from users and then to provide the best solutions to daily urban commute. For example, we chose lithium-ion battery over lead-acid battery because lithium-ion battery is not only more ecofriendly, but also safer, lighter and more compact so that the users can easily bring the batteries home for charging.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">68</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our well-designed product lines speak a distinctive and consistent family design language. Our industrial design philosophy combines minimalist aesthetics with thoughtful functionality. Under that philosophy, we desire to create an exceptional riding experience while maintaining a smart and simple design. For example, the iconic &#8220;Halo&#8221; headlamp, equipped on all of our smart e-scooters integrates a daytime running light with our LED head lamps, providing an ultra-wide arc of light for improved vision and safety at night. Another example is the MQi Series&#8212;a cool and fresh-looking smart e-scooter designed for young urban users. Slim, modem, chic and intuitive are the core design attributes of MQi Series&#160;from inside out. We believe a good design should bring people joyful experience. Therefore, the team has done intensive testing and mock-ups for ergonomics study, as a result of which the MQi Series&#160;features a comfortable and ergonomic seating posture as well as intuitive and easy-to-use control layout. The hidden shock absorber and the high strength aluminum alloy swing arm not only speak the same minimalistic design language, but also ensure excellent riding experience as well as safety and&#160;comfort.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU Innovation Lab</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our NIU Innovation Lab hosts our research and development teams of 162&#160;members, which include, among others, our user experience design team, smart electronic research team, powertrain design team and industrial design team.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Lab focuses on industrial design, structural design, smart electronics research, power electronics research, user data analysis, business intelligence system development and user experience research. The Lab and our research and development team played a crucial role in the creation of the 582&#160;patents we held as of December 31, 2023. We also entered into a definitive Development Collaboration Agreement in March&#160;2019 with one of the world&#8217;s leading automobile manufacturers regarding joint development of Micro-mobility solutions, which was carried out by the Lab.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Global R&amp;D and Manufacturing Base</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our new global R&amp;D and manufacturing base commenced operation in December&#160;2019. Located in Changzhou, China, the new facility hosts, among others, our proprietary R&amp;D laboratories for our BMS intelligent battery management system, FOC magnetic field-oriented control system, EBS electronic brake system, Cloud ECU intelligent central controller and NIU Inspire big data analysis system, as well as a quality laboratory for comprehensive and standardized testing of the raw materials and vehicles.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Manufacturing and Fulfillment</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We design, manufacture and sell high-performance electric motorcycles, mopeds, bicycles, as well as kick-scooters and e-bikes. We view the manufacturers and suppliers we work with as key partners through our product development process and leverages their industry expertise to ensure that each product that we produce meets our strict quality standards.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Production facility</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We keep the majority of the assembly of our electric bicycles,electric motorcycles and electric kick-scooters in our own production facility, while cooperating with a motorcycle manufacturer with required qualifications to manufacture the certain electric motorcycles models. We operate two manufacturing facilities in Changzhou, China. Our global R&amp;D and manufacturing base includes two phases of construction. Phase I facility commenced operation in December 2019, and covers around 50,000 square meters. Phase I layout includes four semi-automatic assembly lines, a highly efficient double-decker logistics facility, a products showroom, and a dedicated quality control laboratory. The designed production capacity under Phase I is 700,000 units per annum, which increased our total production capacity to over 1,000,000 units per annum. Phase II facility covers around 61,000 square meters and started production from September 2021, which increased our total production capacity to over 2,000,000 units per annum.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Supply Chain Management</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We purchase key components from our suppliers, such as batteries, motors, tires, battery chargers and controllers. We strategically select our suppliers to avoid over-concentration, control our cost and maintain a good relationship with our&#160;suppliers.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">69</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">To avoid over-concentration of supply and manage costs and product quality, we generally engage more than two suppliers for each of our key components. For example, we source motors from other suppliers in addition to BOSCH, and source battery cells from multiple suppliers. We select our suppliers based on a variety of criteria, including, among others, production capacity, technological sophistication, quality assurance, professional certification, manpower adequacy, financial position and environmental compliance. In addition, we review the performance of our suppliers quarterly, and make necessary adjustments to our supply chain, including termination of under-performing suppliers. We have been able to maintain good and long-lasting relationships with our suppliers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We also have strong bargaining power on procuring raw materials, which enables us to effectively defend ourselves against price increases and fluctuations. We diversify our source of each type of raw material from at least two suppliers. Typically, we enter into a supply framework agreement with each of our raw material suppliers, under which our procurement price is generally set as the predefined standard cost of the supplier plus a specified mark-up, subject to quarterly or semi-annual renegotiation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have been able to effectively manage our inventory level. We formulate holistic plans for our production, warehousing and logistics, by tracking a variety of factors, including, among others, historical sales data, sales forecasts and customization requests. With smooth turnover between production and logistics, we are able to maintain an optimal inventory level, to fulfill our orders and avoid over-stock at the same time. Our inventory turnover days were 26, 50 and 73 for 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.<span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> </span>Inventory turnover days for a given period are equal to average of the balances of inventories, at the beginning and the end of the period divided by cost of revenues during the period and multiplied by the number of days during the period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Quality Control</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We believe that the quality of our products is crucial to our growth. We place great emphasis on quality control, set up dedicated team and implemented stringent monitoring and quality control systems to manage our&#160;operations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our quality control system starts from procurement. Before entering our production flow, the raw materials must be certified for quality. We also perform quality reexaminations and unannounced inspections on raw materials in the mass production flow. We review the performance of our suppliers based on the defective percentage of their supplies, and adjust the amount of procurement from them accordingly. We typically enter into a quality control agreement with each of our suppliers, under which we may seek remedies against our suppliers, such as damages and rectification, in the event the supplies fall below the quality standard or exceed minimum defective percentage.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our quality control system covers each stage of our production process. When we establish or adapt an assembly line for a new product or model, we trial-run the assembly line to produce a sample for quality examination. The assembly line can start mass production only if the produced sample is of adequate quality. When the in-progress product moves from one section to another along the assembly line, it must be checked for quality by the responsible assembly specialists in both sections. After completion of assembly, our quality control personnel will perform overall quality inspection and road-test on the products in accordance with relevant protocols. A product may be shipped out of manufacturing facility only after it passes all quality control examinations and is properly documented as such. We also track the acceptance status of our products when they reach our distributors or customers. By logging and breaking down the pass rates along our products in the production process, we are able to identify our quality control weak spots, and improve our operation accordingly.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our new global R&amp;D and manufacturing base includes a dedicated quality control laboratory equipped with full-automatic and semi-automatic instruments for components testing, and proprietary inspection systems for battery cell quality testing.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We have not experienced any massive product recall, massive refunds or other quality control outbreak since we started to sell e-scooters.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Fulfilment</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Leveraging our excellent production and big data capabilities, we are able to achieve fast turnaround time fulfilling orders placements. We ship our products generally 7 to 15&#160;days following placement of order and receipt of payment from our city partners in China. For overseas distributors, it generally takes 30 to 60&#160;days following the receipt of down payment. Orders from niu.com or other e-commerce platforms are faster to fulfill, usually within two&#160;days.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">70</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Through proactive planning, we are able to estimate the distribution of orders in a certain period of time and improve the predictability of our order fulfillment. For example, our franchised stores must timely submit their revolving order plans for the period of the following two weeks and following three months. We incorporate such order plans, in addition to other information, into our holistic planning of production, warehousing and logistics, which in turn helps us achieve fast turnaround to fulfill order placements. Similarly, in a one-year time span, we take into consideration of the capacity constraint of the factories and frontload the productions ahead of the peak sales&#160;season.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have different shipping methods for our finished products depending on the type of the distribution channel: (i)&#160;for our offline domestic distribution channels, our city partners and franchised stores are responsible for logistics from the moment products are rolled out of the factory; (ii)&#160;for local distributors in international markets, we ship our products mainly under FOB or DDP terms; and (iii)&#160;for online shopping platforms such as our official website and third-party platforms such as JD.com and Tmall, we ship our products through third-party delivery services.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Omnichannel Retail Model</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have established a distinct omnichannel retail model network to sell our products and provide service to our customers. As of December 31, 2023, we sold our products through 2,856 franchised stores in 251 cities in China and 56 distributors in 54 countries overseas, as well as on our own online store and third-party leading e-commerce platforms. We also leverage our omnichannel retail network to deliver peripheral services such as maintenance and repair, and to collect data for business insights.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Offline Distribution Network</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">City partners and franchised stores</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In China, our offline retail channels consist of city partners and franchised stores. Our &#8220;city partner&#8221; system plays an important role in our offline sales strategy. City partners are our exclusive distributors who either open and operate franchised stores or sign up franchised stores. Leveraging our data analytics and their local knowledge, the city partners select store location and manage the franchised stores. The city partner system allows us to optimize store location selection, manage stores efficiently, and maintain our inventory at a low level.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">To become our city partner and run our franchised stores, a potential business partner must meet certain qualifications and possess the prerequisite capabilities specified in the standard franchise agreement, including, among others, adequate and relevant experience, minimum working capital and sound knowledge of local business environment. The stores also have to meet certain requirements that we formulate and adjust from time to time, such as being in a location reasonably accessible and convenient for our targeted users, having adequate square&#160;footage, having at least two years of lease term if under leasehold, and having a layout and decorative style that conform to the architectural specifications.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our city partners and franchised stores are an extension of our brand. Our franchised stores adopt a consistent design and layout and provide consistent shopping experience. We enter into a standard distribution agreement with each of our city partners. Each city partner may only offer such products and services, in the specified region and manner, as provided under its respective distribution agreement. The city partners also have to comply with our internal policies regarding performance review, branding and confidentiality. To ensure orderly allocation of customer resources between the city partners, we maintain a zoning segregation system, under which all the city partners must sell at or above the guidance retail price we set, and may not cross-sell to other regions allocated to other city partners. The city partners purchase the products from us, and are responsible for the logistics, warehousing, and distribution to franchised stores. We do not charge any initial fees or continuing fees to our city partners or franchised stores.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We closely monitor the sales performance, service level and activities within the franchised stores through the store level management system that was implemented in early 2018. We will continue to upgrade such system to collect more store operation data such as consumer traffic flow and traffic flow sources, test drive frequencies and sales conversion rate. We also use data collected by other means to improve the performance of our stores. This information helps us adjust store-specific retailing and marketing strategies, thereby increasing per store&#160;sales.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">71</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition to offering smart e-scooters, our stores also serve as our service stations to provide after-sales services such as inspection, maintenance and repair services. Under our standard franchise agreement with the city partners and franchised stores, if a customer requests a franchised store to repair one of our products within the term of the warranty, we will reimburse the franchised store for all reasonable labor cost incurred from the repair and also provide them with the necessary spare parts. By offering after-sales services, we aim to establish one-stop solution experience for our customers, continue to increase traffic flow to our stores and enhance user&#160;loyalty.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The majority of our city partners make full payments upfront for their orders, which helps us improve cash flow management.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Overseas Distribution</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We export our products to distributors in over 50 countries overseas, with Europe being our largest export market. We manufacture and customize our products based on the requirements of our international customers and we ensure our exported products are in compliance with the standards of the local markets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In international markets, we establish our sales network by engaging with local distributors, retail partners, and by setting up local entities. A potential business partner must meet certain qualifications and possess certain prerequisite capabilities, including, among others, preexisting business presence in motorcycles or consumer electronics and established comprehensive sales and service network to be eligible as our local distributor. In addition, our local distributors must share our vision in the promising future of smart and eco-friendly transportation products, and embrace our innovative marketing models.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Typically, we enter into a distribution agreement with each of our local distributors, under which the local distributor will commit to a minimum annual purchase amount from us, for a period of one to three years. Our shipping arrangements with local distributors mainly under FOB or DDP terms.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We position our products as fashionable, premium urban mobility tools in international markets. Our distributors sell our products primarily in the following three types of stores in international markets:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">branded flagship stores, which are located in the core business areas in major cities, have a space of over 100&#160;square meters, and carry our smart e-scooters exclusively.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">shop-in-shop stores, which are located in downtowns in major cities, where the entire store has a space of over 100&#160;square meters, and have a designated section for our smart e-scooters with a space of over 30&#160;square&#160;meters.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">other point of sales, which are licensed to carry our smart e-scooters on a non-exclusive basis.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In our micro-mobility product category, we have established offline sales channels by engaging with our retail partners. Through these retail partners, we were able to place our products in over 1,000 physical locations in the US and Europe as of the end of 2023. We aim to invest more in local branding and marketing, strengthen connections with our customers, and enhance our adaptability to local market changes.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Online Distribution Network</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We sell smart e-scooters and accessories online through third-party e-commerce platforms and on our own online store.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have adopted the online to offline model, seamlessly integrating the online and offline networks to provide a seamless, consistent experience for our customers. These online platforms act as conduits for influencing customers and directing sales to physical stores. Our customers can conveniently place orders online and pick up their scooters at the franchised stores.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We entered into standard cooperation agreements with third-party e-commerce platforms, pursuant to which the e-commerce platforms provide us sales and price settlement services, and charge us commission fees and technical support annual fees. We are responsible for the logistics, customer services and after-sale services for the products sold on these platforms.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">72</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Marketing</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We focus on promoting awareness of our brand generally and in particular as a lifestyle brand with high-quality smart e-scooters globally. Our brand and our e-scooters are marketed to retail customers through digital and experiential activities as well as through more traditional promotional and advertising activities. We aim to engage in cost-effective marketing activities by taking advantage of social media and to build an online and offline ecosystem of users that will promote awareness of our brand. To a lesser extent, we engage out-of-home advertising, such as through billboard advertising in cities and advertising on buses. Our marketing efforts include the&#160;following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Profile-based online marketing</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Leveraging our sophisticated data analytics capabilities, we are able to gain a deep understanding of our target customer profiles, such as demographics and interests. With this knowledge, we precisely direct our marketing efforts through targeted online channels to efficiently reach new customers with matching profiles or existing customers for repeat purchases. We conduct online marketing through channels such as search portals, social media, online video platforms, and e-commerce platforms. We also leverage the key major media popular with our target groups to regularly publish news and updates about our company, such as our product launch events. We conduct joint marketing activities with other brands. We also utilize our official bulletin board system (BBS), the NIU app and our social media accounts to distribute original content to, and interact with, our followers and existing users. Through the right channels, we deliver the right key messages and original contents to achieve effective marketing.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Location-based offline marketing</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We conduct offline marketing and advertising through LCD billboard ads, elevators ads, bus ads, product roadshows, subway stations, exhibitions in music festivals, among others. To achieve higher efficiency on offline marketing, we leverage riding data collected from our smart e-scooters. For example, in each city, we have a heat map showing anonymously where NIU users ride and park our e-scooters, a good indicator of locations of where potential users concentrate. The heat map allows us to select the optimal offline ads locations (such as LCD billboard, or bus routes or residential buildings) to reach our targeted consumer groups, or organize product roadshows in the most relevant venue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Viral marketing </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Leveraging our excellent product quality, fashionable brand image and strong customer loyalty, we are able to utilize viral marketing strategies to establish NIU as a premium brand. For example, in 2023, we actively participated in global exhibitions and roadshows, including the AIMExpo in Las Vegas, IFA in Berlin, EICMA in Milan, and the electric exhibitions in various countries, which significantly boosted the visibility of our NIU brand. Additionally, we collaborated with a diverse range of brands and trendy groups, including Alipay, Gaode Maps, Pizza Hut, War Horse, 360, The North Face, and Sneaker Con, to organize marketing activities aimed at promoting our brand. In August 2022, our SQi series collaborated with Razer, the world&#8217;s top gaming hardware brand, on a joint product event that received widespread recognition and praise in the gaming community and on social media, especially among the younger demographic. In October 2021, in order to celebrate our important milestone in becoming the first electric two-wheel brand in the world to have covered 10 billion kilometers of riding distance by its global users, we launched a large-scale communication campaign &#8220;Make Life Electric&#8221;, which gained popularity on Weibo, TikTok and WeChat, achieving over 1.4 billion views.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Event-driven marketing</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition to our day-to-day marketing operation, we organize event-driven marketing activities, such as new product launches, company key milestone media events and monthly offline marketing events.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">New product launches are typically our largest events of the year. Starting in 2015, we have organized product launch events every year, joined by a large group of live audience including our users and partners, with extensive media coverage. In November 2021, we unveiled an electric scooter, the MQi-GT EVO, along with two kick scooters, the KQi2 and KQi3 Max, and an e-bike, BQi, at the 2021 EICMA show. Throughout 2022, we introduced a range of new products, including the SQi, UQi+. In 2023, we launched the MQiL and the new F series, among others.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">73</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We actively participate in exhibitions and roadshows, collaborating with leading lifestyle brands such as the North Face Mountain Festival, Sneaker Con, G-Fusion Game Fest, and Designer Toy Expo. These events provide us with valuable opportunities to showcase our products and enhance our brand presence. We also maintain a strong online presence through strategic communication and marketing campaigns, primarily on short video platforms like Xiaohongshu and Douyin.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In 2023, we embarked on impactful cross-brand collaborations, such as our partnership with the globally recognized IP Kumamon and the launch of the NIU x Kumamon scooters. Additionally, we sponsored a premier esports team, JD Gaming.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, we sponsor and participate in non-profit social activities such as marathons, through which we exemplify green and lifestyle, and it has been positively received by runners and spectators nationwide.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Overseas marketing</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We invest in overseas marketing with a view to raise our brand awareness in the international markets. We adopted a dynamic marketing strategy that combines traditional public relations, tactical digital marketing, and strategic retail and event marketing.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our active participation in in global exhibitions and roadshows, including the AIMExpo in Las Vegas, IFA in Berlin, EICMA in Milan, and the Electric Expo in various countries, has significantly elevated the NIU brand&#8217;s visibility.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have engaged leading consumer technology public relations firms to assist us in building trust, awareness and thought leadership in the e-mobility space.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Competition</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We operate in the lithium-ion battery-powered electric two-wheeled vehicles market, which is a segment of the electric two-wheeled vehicles market. The segment is growing rapidly, and we believe we maintain competitive advantages in a number of areas, including brand, product design and quality, smart features, omnichannel retail model, customer satisfaction, and a loyal customer&#160;base.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;We may face intense competition in the electric two-wheeled vehicles industry.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Intellectual Property</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our success depends, at least in part, on our ability to protect our core technology and intellectual property. We rely on a combination of patents, patent applications, trade secrets, including know-how, copyright laws, trademarks, intellectual property licenses and other contractual rights to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our technology. In addition, we enter into confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with our employees and business partners. The agreements we entered into with our employees also provide that all software, inventions, developments, works of authorship and trade secrets created by them during the course of their employment are our&#160;property.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Our intellectual property rights are critical to our business. As of December 31, 2023, we owned 582 patents, 936 registered trademarks and 27 copyrights relating to various aspects of our operations and two registered domain names, including </span><span style="font-weight:normal;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">www.niu.com</span><span style="font-weight:normal;">. Of the 936 registered trademarks, 155 are registered in mainland China and 781 in other countries and regions. As of the same date, we had 316 applications for patents and trademarks pending in mainland China, Europe and other jurisdictions.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">This section sets forth a summary of the most significant laws, regulations and rules that affect our business activities in mainland China and our shareholders&#8217; rights to receive dividends and other distributions from us.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">74</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 8pt 0pt;">Regulations on Production of Electric Bicycles</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:11pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 8pt 0pt;">On July 9, 2005, the State Council of the PRC promulgated the Regulation of the PRC on the Administration of Production License for Industrial Products, or the Production License Regulations, which was last amended on July 20, 2023 to take effective on the same date. On April 21, 2014, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, or the AQSIQ, issued the Measures for the Implementation of the Regulations of the PRC Administration of Production Licenses for Industrial Products, or the Measures, which was revised by the SAMR on September 29, 2022. The latest version took effect on November 1, 2022. According to the Production License Regulations and the Measures, any enterprise that has not obtained a production license for a product listed in the Announcement of the Product Catalog Implementing the Production Licensing System, or the Production Catalog, which was issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (abolished), or the AQSIQ on November 20, 2012, must not produce the relevant product. An enterprise must file an application to the provincial administration of quality and technology supervision for the license of producing the products listed in the Production Catalog. Otherwise, the authorities can impose fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may result in criminal liabilities. According to the Production Catalog, most of our products are classified as electric bicycles, which are industrial products that fall within the scope of Production License Regulations and Measures. Thus, we have obtained the appropriate production license thereof. On June 24, 2017, the State Council issued the Decision on Adjusting the Catalog for the Administration of Production Permits for Industrial Products and on Trying out the Simplification of Approval Procedures, or the Decision. Pursuant to the Decision, the production license for electric bicycle was canceled and was changed to implement mandatory product certification management. However, on October 11, 2017, AQSIQ announced that the production of the electric bicycles is still under the production licensing system. According to this announcement, the production license regulatory regime is implemented pursuant to the new electric bicycle technical standard, which is the Safety and Technical Specification for Electric Bicycle (GB 17761-2018), or the Electric Bicycle Standard, promulgated by the SAMR and the National Standardization Management Committee on May 15, 2018 and effective on April 15, 2019. The Electric Bicycle Standard replaced the General Technical Requirements for Electric Bicycles (GB 17761-1999), or the Old Standard, which were issued by the Quality and Technology Supervision Bureau on May 28, 1999 and became effective from October 1, 1999. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;Our products are subject to safety standards and failure to satisfy such mandated standards would have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.&#8221; Furthermore, on April 21, 2023, the MIIT issued certain recommended industrial standards on the production and design standards of electric bicycles and spare parts, including the Technical Specifications for Handlebar of Bicycles (QB/T 1715-2023), the Specifications and Dimensions of Lithium-ion Battery for Electric Bicycles (QB/T 4428-2023), the General Technical Specifications for Electric Bicycles (QB/T 5869-2023), and the General Technical Specifications for Electric Bicycles&#8217; Electronic Control Units (QB/T 5870-2023), all of which came into effect on November 1, 2023, for enterprises&#8217; reference.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 8pt 0pt;">Regulations on Qualification of Production of Electric Motorcycles</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:11pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 8pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Administration Measures for Access of Motorcycle Manufacturing, or the Motorcycle Manufacturing Measures, issued on November 30, 2002 and the Implementing Rules of the Administration Measures for Access of Motorcycle Manufacturing, or the Motorcycle Manufacturing Rules, issued on December 31, 2002, enterprises must pass the production access examination and obtain the Motorcycle Production Access Certificate before manufacturing motorcycles in mainland China, and if an enterprise conducts a motorcycle manufacturing consignment, both the consignee and the consignor are required to obtain the Motorcycle Production Access Certificate. Pursuant to the General Specifications for Electric Motorcycles and Electric Mopeds, or the General Specifications, which was issued on June 25, 2009 and effective on January 1, 2010, the General Specifications applies to electric motorcycles and electric mopeds. On January 14, 2010, the MIIT, issued the Circular on Matters Related to Electric Motorcycle Production Enterprises and Product Access Management, or the Circular, which imposes production restrictions on enterprises who currently produce or intend to produce electric motorcycles. Such enterprises must satisfy the MIIT&#8217;s access requirements and be on the list of the Announcement on Vehicle Manufacturers and Products before continuing or commencing production. On November 27, 2018, the MIIT promulgated the Administration Measures for Access of the Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Enterprises and Products, which became effective on June 1, 2019 and replaced the Motorcycle Manufacturing Measures and the Motorcycle Manufacturing Rules. According to the Administration Measures for Access of the Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Enterprises and Products, the authorities will continue to implement a classified access administration of enterprises engaged in the manufacturing of road motor vehicles and road motor vehicle products, and road motor vehicle design enterprises are encouraged to cooperate with or consign to licensed road motor vehicle manufacturing enterprises in manufacturing process. We entered into a manufacturing cooperation agreement with a motorcycle manufacturer with required qualifications to manufacture certain models classified as electric motorcycles. Besides, Jiangsu Xiaoniu has been listed in the Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and Products List (batch 327) issued by MIIT on January 13, 2020 as an enterprise permitted to manufacture motorcycles and we have obtained the World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI) and Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;Our products are subject to safety standards and failure to satisfy such mandated standards would have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">75</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations on Registration of Electric Bicycles</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Road Traffic Safety Law of the PRC (Revised in 2021), a non-motorized vehicle which ought to be lawfully registered shall be deemed street-illegal until it has been registered with the local traffic administrative department. In addition, the categories of such non-motorized vehicles shall be determined by provincial governments in light of their respective actual local situation and shall consist of technical standards in terms of overall weight, braking performance, overall size and reflectors, which all non-motorized vehicles should abide by. We have obtained the production license for electric bicycles according to applicable regulations. We will adjust the technical standards of our e-scooters to be sold at local markets until the technical standards meet local requirements and our e-scooter is listed on the local catalog which indicates the e-scooters on it are permitted to be lawfully registered.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Circular on Strengthening the Management of Electric Bicycles, jointly promulgated by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the AQSIQ, the Ministry of Public Security and the MIIT on March 18, 2011, any non-compliant vehicle may not be registered as a non-motorized vehicle, which in turn means it shall be deemed street-illegal.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Therefore, some PRC local governments issued restrictive provisions on electric bicycles. Some local governments (such as Beijing, Shanghai, Anhui province, Jiangsu province, Guangxi province, Zhejiang province and Gansu province) implemented a catalog management system requiring (i)&#160; restricting and prohibiting sales and/or use of electric two-wheeled vehicles that do not meet the required standards; and/or (ii)&#160;end users to register electric two-wheeled vehicles. For example, on October&#160;20, 2013, the Shanghai Municipal People&#8217;s Congress promulgated the Measures for the Management of Non-motorized Vehicles in Shanghai, which stipulates that any non-motorized vehicle that is sold in Shanghai must be registered with relevant department. Most of our products have obtained sales approval in Beijing, Shanghai, Anhui province, Jiangsu province, Guangxi province, Zhejiang province, Gansu province and other major provinces and cities. In addition, we will cooperate with local governments that require us to obtain approval of sales. On the other hand, several local municipal governments (such as Xiamen, Shenzhen and Dongguan) have promulgated rules&#160;and regulations prohibiting the riding of electric bicycles/electric scooters in specific districts, and also restricting the use of registered electric two-wheeled vehicles. Due to the limited number of such districts, which are not our major source of revenue, the regulations of prohibiting and restricting do not have substantial effect on our&#160;revenue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations on Registration of Motorcycles</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Provisions on the Registration of Motor Vehicles of the PRC promulgated on May 27, 2008, amended on December 17, 2021 and came into effect on May 1, 2022, the owner of a motor vehicle, including motorcycles, shall apply for registration of such motor vehicle after obtaining the certificate of qualified motor vehicle safety technical inspection from a local motor vehicle safety technical inspection institution. On October 18, 2014, the Circular of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security on Strengthening the Production and Registration Management of Minibuses and Motorcycles was issued, which reiterates that motorcycles must be registered, and in order to simplify the motorcycle registration procedures in rural areas, motorcycles may gradually be sold with license, and motorcycle sales enterprises may be entrusted to register motorcycles before motorcycles are sold.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In recent years, in order to control the number of motor vehicles on the road, certain local governments have issued restrictions on the issuance of vehicle license plates, but these restrictions generally do not apply to the issuance of license plates for new energy vehicles, which makes it easier for purchasers of new energy vehicles to obtain automobile license plates. For example, pursuant to the Implementation Measures on Encouraging Purchase and Use of New Energy Vehicles in Shanghai, local authorities will issue new automobile license plates to qualified purchasers of new energy vehicles without requiring such qualified purchasers to go through certain license-plate bidding processes and to pay license-plate purchase fees.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">76</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations on Production Safety<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">,</sup></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Production Safety Law of the PRC, or the Production Safety Law, which took effect on November&#160;1, 2002 and was amended on August&#160;31, 2014, the entities that are engaged in production and business operation activities must implement national industrial standards which guarantee the production safety and comply with production safety requirements provided by the laws, administrative regulations and national or industrial standards. An entity must take effective measures for safety production, maintain safety facilities, examine the safety production procedures, educate and train employees and take any other measures to ensure the safety of its employees and the public. An entity or its relevant persons-in-charge which has failed to perform such safety production liabilities will be required to make amends within a time limit or face administrative penalties. If it fails to amend within the prescribed time limit, the production and business operation entity may be ordered to suspend business for rectification, and serious violations may result in criminal liabilities. Our production behaviors are compliant with the Production Safety Law so&#160;far.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations on Product Quality</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Product Quality Law of the PRC, or the Product Quality Law, was adopted on February 22, 1993 and amended on July 8, 2000, August 27, 2009 and December 29, 2018. The Product Quality Law applies to anyone who manufactures or sells any product within the territory of mainland China. It is prohibited from producing or selling counterfeit products in any form, including counterfeit brands, or providing false information about the product manufacturers. Violation of national or industrial standards may result in civil liability and administrative penalties such as compensation, fines, suspension of business and confiscation of illegal income, and serious violations may result in criminal liabilities. We are in compliance with any of provisions of the Product Quality Law.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the Application Scope of the First Batch of Products Implementing Mandatory Product Certification Catalogue effective on July 1, 2002, motorcycles and bicycles with gasoline and other engines were within the product catalogue that must apply the compulsory product certification. The Administrative Regulations for Compulsory Product Certification was promulgated on July 3, 2009, amended on September 29, 2022, and took effect on November 1, 2022, pursuant to which that several specified products must not be delivered, sold, imported or used in other business activities until they complete the compulsory product certification and be labeled with certification mark. According to the Announcement on the Transition Period Arrangement for the Management of Mandatory Product Certification of Motorcycle Crew Helmets, Electric Blankets and Motorcycle Products, promulgated by the AQSIQ and the Certification and Accreditation Administration of the PRC on October 11, 2017, motorcycle and bicycle productions must still be under a license administration. On March 14, 2019, the Opinions of the SAMR, the MIIT and the Ministry of Public Security on Intensifying Supervision of the Execution of National Standards for Electric Bicycles, or the Opinions, was promulgated. The Opinions provides that the market supervision department shall strengthen the management of China Compulsory Certification for electric bicycles, strengthen inspections of certification agencies and manufacture enterprises, and shall only allow vehicles that meet the Electric Bicycle Standard and obtained China Compulsory Certification flowing into the market. We have obtained China Compulsory Certification for all of our current for-sale products, and will try to obtain China Compulsory Certification for our future products. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212; D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;Our products are subject to safety standards and failure to satisfy such mandated standards would have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Civil Code of the PRC, promulgated by the National People&#8217;s Congress on May 28, 2020 and effective on January 1, 2021, in the event of damages caused to other party due to product defect, the infringed party may seek compensation from the manufacturer of the products or from the seller of the products and shall have the right to request the manufacturer and the seller to bear tortious liability such as cessation of infringement, removal of obstruction, elimination of danger, etc.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Regulations Relating to Product Recall </b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The SAMR issued the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Recall of Consumer Goods on November 21, 2019, which took effect on January 1, 2020. Our products, accordingly, as one kind of customer goods, are subject to the requirements set out thereunder. Pursuant to the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Recall of Consumer Goods, if a manufacturer is aware of any potential defect in its products, or receive such notice from the government authorities, it must investigate in a timely manner and report the results of such investigation to the authorities. Where any defect is found during the investigation, the manufacturer must immediately cease to manufacture, sell, or import the relevant products and recall such products. We have not received any such notice from authorities, or initiated, voluntarily or involuntarily, any product recalls in accordance with such provisions. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;We may be compelled to undertake product recalls or take other actions, which could adversely affect our brand image and results of operations.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">77</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Pursuant to the Foreign Trade Law of the PRC, promulgated on May 12, 1994 and amended on April 6, 2004, November 7, 2016, and December 30, 2022, and the Measures for the Record Filing and Registration of Foreign Trade Business Operators promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce on June 25, 2004, effective on July 1, 2004, and amended on August 18, 2016, November 30, 2019 and May 10, 2021, foreign trade operators engaged in the import and export of goods or the import and export of technology must register with the Ministry of Commerce or its authorized institution. In addition, if an entity imports or exports goods as consignee or consignor, it shall file with customs according to the Provisions of the People&#8217;s Republic of China on the Administration of Recordation of Customs Declaration Entities, promulgated on November 19, 2021 and came into effect on January 1, 2022. We have made filings with authorities pursuant to the applicable provisions.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Foreign Investment</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Pursuant to the Special Administrative Measures for Market Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition), or the 2021 Negative List, jointly issued by the NDRC and the Ministry of Commerce on December 27, 2021 and enforced on January 1, 2022, the foreign investment related to design, manufacture and sale of electricity bicycles does not fall within the category of industries in which foreign investment is restricted or prohibited. The 2021 Negative List enumerates the restricted industries and the prohibited industries in relation to foreign investment, and the industries which do not fall within the 2021 Negative List, shall be administered under the principle of equal treatment to domestic and foreign investment. On March 15, 2019, the Foreign Investment Law of PRC was issued by the National People&#8217;s Congress and took effect on January 1, 2020, which also provides that the industries in which foreign investment is not restricted and prohibited shall be administered under the principle of equal treatment to domestic investment. On December 26, 2019, the State Council published the Implementation Rules of the Foreign Investment Law, which took effect on January 1, 2020. Furthermore, on December 19, 2020, the NDRC and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Measures for Security Review of Foreign Investment, effective on January 18, 2021, which provides detailed guidance regarding security review of foreign investment that has a potential impact on national security. On July 25, 2023, the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Optimizing the Foreign Investment Environment and Increasing Efforts to Attract Foreign Investment, which provides certain policy supports aimed at vigorously attracting and utilizing foreign investment.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Foreign investment in telecommunications companies in mainland China is governed by the Provisions on Administration of Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises, or the Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises Provisions, which were promulgated by the State Council on December 11, 2001, and amended on September 10, 2008 and February 6, 2016. The Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises Provisions prohibits a foreign investor from holding over 50% of the total equity interest in any value-added telecommunications service business in mainland China. On March 29, 2022, the State Council published the Decision of the State Council to Amend and Repeal Certain Administrative Regulations, among which the Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises Provisions is further amended. The latest version removes certain requirements for foreign-invested telecommunications enterprises and came into effect on May 1, 2022. We operate our website www.niu.com and our NIU app through Beijing Niudian and sell our e-scooters and peripheral products on the website.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Overseas Investment</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">On December 26, 2017, the NDRC issued the Management Rules for Overseas Investment by Enterprises, or the NDRC Order 11. As defined in the NDRC Order 11, &#8220;overseas investment&#8221; refers to the investment activities conducted by an enterprise located in the territory of mainland China, either directly or through an offshore enterprise under its control, by making investment with assets and equities or providing financing or a guarantee in order to acquire overseas ownership, control, management rights and other related interests. Furthermore, overseas investment by a Chinese individual through overseas enterprises under his/her control is also subject to the NDRC Order 11. According to the NDRC Order 11, (i) direct overseas investment by Chinese enterprises or indirect overseas investment by Chinese enterprises or individuals in sensitive industries or sensitive countries and regions requires prior approval by the NDRC; (ii) direct overseas investment by Chinese enterprises in non-sensitive industries and non-sensitive countries and regions requires prior filing with the NDRC; and (iii) indirect overseas investment of over US$300 million by Chinese enterprises or individuals in non-sensitive industries and non-sensitive countries and regions requires reporting with the NDRC. Uncertainties remain with respect to the application of the NDRC Order 11. We are not sure if we were to use a portion of the proceeds raised from our financing activities to fund investments in and acquisitions of complementary business and assets outside of mainland China, such use of U.S. dollars funds held outside of mainland China would be subject to the NDRC Order 11. There are very few interpretations, implementation guidance or precedents to follow in practice. We will continue to monitor any new rules, interpretation and guidance promulgated by the NDRC and communicate with the NDRC and its local branches to seek their opinions, when necessary.</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">78</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Foreign Debt</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">On January 8, 2003, the NDRC, Ministry of Finance and SAFE promulgated the Interim Provisions on the Management of Foreign Debts, which was amended on July 26, 2022 and became effective on September 1, 2022, pursuant to which the summation of the accumulated medium-term and long-term debts borrowed by foreign-invested entities and the balance of short-term debts shall not exceed the surplus between the total investment in projects approved by the verifying departments and the registered capital, or the Surplus Limit. Within the range of the Surplus Limit foreign-invested entities may borrow foreign loans at their own will. If the loans exceed the Surplus Limit, the total investment in projects shall be reexamined by the original examination and approval departments. In addition, on January 11, 2017, People&#8217;s Bank of China promulgated the Notice of the People&#8217;s Bank of China on Full-coverage Macro-prudent Management of Cross-border Financing, or PBOC Circular 9, which sets out an upper limit for mainland China entities, including foreign-invested entities and domestic-invested entities, regarding their foreign debts, or the Financing Limit. Pursuant to PBOC Circular 9, the Financing Limit for entities shall be calculated based on the following formula: the Financing Limit = net assets * cross-border financing leverage ratio * macro-prudent regulation parameter. As to net assets, entities shall take the net assets value stated in their respective latest audited financial statement in calculation; the cross-border financing leverage ratio for enterprises is two (2); the macro-prudent regulation parameter is one (1). PBOC Circular 9 does not supersede the Interim Provisions on the Management of Foreign Debts. PBOC Circular 9 stipulates a one-year transitional period, or Transitional Period, from its promulgation date for foreign-invested entities, during which they could choose the calculation method of foreign debt upper limit based on either (i) the Surplus Limit, or (ii) the Financing Limit. After the Transition Period, the method applicable to foreign-invested entities shall be determined by the People&#8217;s Bank of China and SAFE separately. On March 11, 2020, the People&#8217;s Bank of China and SAFE issued the Notice of Adjusting the Macro-prudent Regulation Parameter for Full-covered Cross-border Financing, which adjusted the macro-prudent regulation parameter as set forth in the Circular 9 from 1 to 1.25. However, although the Transitional Period ended on January 10, 2018, as of December 31, 2023, the People&#8217;s Bank of China or SAFE has not issued any new regulations regarding the application calculation method of foreign debt upper limit for foreign-invested entities. As to domestic-invested entities, they are only subject to the Financing Limit from the date of promulgation of PBOC Circular 9 regardless of the Transitional Period. On January 5, 2023, the NDRC issued the Administrative Measures for the Examination and Registration of Medium and Long-term Foreign Debts of Enterprises, which took effect on February 10, 2023, setting out regulatory standards and procedures for enterprises when issuing foreign debts that over one year.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Internet Information Security and Privacy Protection</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Internet information in mainland China is heavily regulated and restricted as a national security issue. The SCNPC enacted the Decisions on Maintaining Internet Security in December 2000, as further amended in August 2009, which impose criminal liabilities on persons or entities that: (i) gain improper entry into a computer or system of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information; or (v) infringe intellectual property rights. The Ministry of Public Security has promulgated measures that prohibit the use of the internet in ways that would result in the leakage of state secrets or dissemination of socially destabilizing content. If an internet information service provider violates these measures, the Ministry of Public Security and the local security bureaus may revoke its operating license and shut down its websites.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Under the Several Provisions on Regulating the Market Order of Internet Information Services issued by the MIIT in December 2011, an internet information service provider may not collect any user&#8217;s personal information or provide any such information to third parties without that user&#8217;s consent. It must also expressly inform that user of the method, content and purpose of the collection and processing of such user&#8217;s personal information and may only collect such information as necessary for the provision of its services. In addition, pursuant to the Decision on Strengthening the Protection of Online Information issued by the SCNPC in December 2012 and the Order for the Protection of Telecommunication and Internet User&#8217;s Personal Information issued by the MIIT in July 2013, any collection and use of a user&#8217;s personal information must be subject to the consent of the user, abide by the principles of legality, rationality and necessity and be within the specified purposes, methods and scopes.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">79</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">In November 2016, the SCNPC promulgated the Network Security Law of the PRC, or the Network Security Law, which took effect on June 1, 2017. Pursuant to the Network Security Law, a network operator, including, without limitation, internet information service providers, must take technical measures and other necessary measures in accordance with the provisions of applicable laws and regulations as well as the compulsory requirements of the national and industrial standards to safeguard the safe and stable operation of networks, effectively respond to network security incidents, prevent illegal and criminal activities and maintain the integrity, confidentiality and availability of network data. Any violation of the provisions and requirements under the Network Security Law may subject an internet service provider to warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal gains, revocation of licenses, cancelation of filings, closedown of websites or even criminal liabilities. On December 28, 2021, the CAC, together with other twelve government authorities, jointly released the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on February 15, 2022. The Measures require operators of critical information infrastructure to go through cybersecurity review when purchasing any network products and services with a potential impact on national security. On March 17, 2023, the SAMR and the National Standardization Administration Committee announced the issuance of the National Standards of the People&#8217;s Republic of China (No. 1 of 2023), which contains 12 sets of national standards on cybersecurity under the National Technical Security Standardization Committee of China, or TC260, including the Information Security Technology - Basic Requirements for Competence of Cybersecurity Workforce (GB/T 42446-2023).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">On April 26, 2023, the amended Counterespionage Law of the People&#8217;s Republic of China was promulgated which came into effect on July 1, 2023, establishing a close connection between data security and national security. It provides, among others, that engaging in the unauthorized provision of data or conducting cyberattacks against specific authorities is categorized as acts falling within the scope of espionage, and unlawfully acquiring or possessing documents, data, materials, or items that qualify as state secrets is strictly forbidden.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">On May 29, 2023, the Secretariat of the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee published the Practice Guidelines for Cybersecurity Standards - Implementation Guidelines for Cyber Data Security Risk Assessment, implementing the requirements of the Data Security Law on data security risk assessment, which outlines the approach, workflow and key components of the data security risk assessment, including data security management, data processing activities, data security technology, and personal information protection. On December 8, 2023, the CAC promulgated the Administrative Measures for the Reporting of Cybersecurity Incidents (for public comments), which imposed obligations on network platform operators to report to the in-charge cyberspace administration when an incident that might endanger network security occurred.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">In November 2019, the Secretariat of the CAC, the General Office of the MIIT, the General Office of the Ministry of Public Security and the SAMR jointly promulgated the Circular on Issuing the Methods for Identifying Unlawful Collection and Use of Personal Information of Applications, which defines actions that may be regarded as violating the Network Security Law and other personal information protection related regulations, including, among other things, failure to publicize the rules for collection and use of personal information, failure to expressly state the purpose, manner and scope of collecting and using personal information, collection and use of personal information without consent of users, provision of personal information to others without consent, and failure to provide the function of deleting or correcting personal information as required by law. Furthermore, on August 20, 2021, the SCNPC promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law, which came into effect on November 1, 2021. The Personal Information Protection Law integrates the scattered rules with respect to personal information rights and privacy protection and aims at protecting the personal information rights and interests, regulating the processing of personal information and promoting the reasonable use of personal information. Personal information, as defined in the Personal Information Protection Law, refers to information related to identified or identifiable natural persons and recorded by electronic or other means, but excluding the anonymized information. The Personal Information Protection Law provides the circumstances under which a personal information processor could process personal information, which include but not limited to, where the consent of the individual concerned is obtained and where it is necessary for the conclusion or performance of a contract to which the individual is a contractual party. It also stipulates certain specific rules with respect to the obligations of a personal information processor, such as to inform the purpose and method of processing to the individuals, and the obligation of the third party who has access to the personal information by way of co-processing or delegation.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Data Security Law of the People&#8217;s Republic of China, or the Data Security Law, was passed on June 10, 2021 and came into effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law requires the data processor to establish and improve a whole-process data security management system, organize data security education and training, and take corresponding technical measures and other necessary measures to safeguard data security. In conducting data processing activities by using the internet or any other information network, the data processor shall perform the above data security protection obligations on the basis of the hierarchical cybersecurity protection system. Any violation of the provisions and requirements under the Data Security Law may subject a data processor to rectifications, warnings, fines, suspension of the related business, revocation of licenses or even criminal liabilities. </p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">80</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, on November 14, 2021, the CAC released the Regulations on the Network Data Security for public comments, which stipulates, among others, that a prior cybersecurity review is required for listing abroad of data processors which process over one million users&#8217; personal information, and the listing of data processors in Hong Kong which affects or may affect national security. On December 28, 2021, the CAC and other twelve PRC regulatory authorities jointly revised and promulgated the Measures for Cybersecurity Review, or the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on February 15, 2022. Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, besides the procurement of network products and services by critical information infrastructure operators, any data processing activities by network platform operators that affects or may affect national security shall be subject to the cybersecurity review as well. In accordance with the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators mastering personal information of more than one million users must apply to the Cybersecurity Review Office for cybersecurity review when they seek for listing in a foreign country. However, the Cybersecurity Review Measures and the Regulations on the Network Data Security remain unclear on whether the requirements will be applicable to companies that have been listed in the United States.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Furthermore, the Data Export Measures were released by the CAC on July 7, 2022 and came into effect on September 1, 2022. The Data Export Measures require that any data processor which processes or exports personal information exceeding certain volume threshold under such measures shall apply for security assessment by the CAC before transferring any personal information abroad. The security assessment requirement also applies to any transfer of important data outside of China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In December 2022, the MIIT released the Administrative Measures for Data Security in the Field of Industry and Information Technology (for Trial Implementation), which came into effect on January 1, 2023. The Administrative Measures for Data Security in the Field of Industry and Information Technology (for Trial Implementation) requires the data processor in the field of industry and information technology to review data on a periodical basis, identify important data and core data in accordance with the relevant standards and specifications, and form its specific catalogue.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">On February 22, 2023, the CAC issued the Measures for the Standard Contract for the Outbound Transfer of Personal Information, or the Standard Contract Measures, which took effect on June 1, 2023. The Standard Contract Measures apply to the provision of personal information to overseas recipients through standard contract and set out detailed criteria relating to the formality and terms of such contracts. The Standard Contract Measures also requires the personal information processor to file such contract with the authorities within 10 business days after the contract is effective. To regulate the application of the outboard transfer of personal information through standard contact, the CAC has promulgated the First Edition and the Second Edition of Guidelines for the Recordation of the Standard Contracts for the Outbound Transfer of Personal Information on May 30, 2023 and March 22, 2024. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">On March 16, 2023, the TC260 released the draft national standards entitled Information Security Technology - Certification Requirements for Cross-border Transmission of Personal Information, for public comments, which sets out the basic principles and requirements for the protection of the rights and interests of personal information subjects in the cross-border transmission of personal information, and outlines the standards for the third-party certification of companies engaged in the cross-border transfer.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">On August 3, 2023, the CAC has issued the Measures for the Administration of Personal Information Protection Compliance Audits (for Public Comments), which stipulates that companies that process personal information of subjects in China shall undergo regular compliance audits. On August 8, 2023, the CAC released the Provisions on Security Management of the Application of Face Recognition Technology (for Trial Implementation), for public comments, which aimed at enhancing the oversight and responsible use of face recognition technology and stipulates, among others, that that face recognition technology can only be used when there is a specific purpose and sufficient necessity, and strict protection measures must be implemented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">On February 24, 2023, the CSRC released the Provisions on Strengthening the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Related to the Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises, which took effect on March 31, 2023. These provisions require, among others, that mainland China domestic enterprises that seek to offer and list securities in overseas markets, either directly or indirectly, complete approval and filing procedures with the competent authorities, if such enterprises or their overseas listing entities provide or publicly disclose documents or materials involving state secrets and work secrets of PRC government authorities to certain securities companies, securities service institutions, overseas regulatory agencies and other entities and individuals. These provisions further stipulate that providing or publicly disclosing documents and materials which may adversely affect national security or public interests shall be subject to applicable procedures. We may be required to complete approval or filing procedures under these provisions or expend additional resources to comply with the provisions if we are found to fall within any of the foregoing circumstances.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">81</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">On September 28, 2023, the CAC released the Notice on Seeking Public Comments on the Provisions on Regulating and Promoting Cross-border Data Flow (Exposure Draft) of the PRC, which specifies the circumstances under which it is not required to apply for a security assessment for data to be provided abroad, to conclude a standard contract for personal information to be provided abroad, or to pass the certification for personal information protection. On March 22, 2024, the CAC formally issued the Regulations on Promoting and Regulating the Cross-border Data Flow, which clarifies the obligations of data processors with cross-border transfer of personal information, such as notification, obtaining individual consent, and conducting personal information protection impact assessments in accordance with laws and administrative regulations, and also sets out several exemptions, including cross-border data transfer (i) for concluding or performing a contract to which an individual is a party, (ii) for the cross-border HR management purpose according to the applicable internal labor rules and a collective contract entered into with the employees, (iii) to safeguard an individual&#8217;s life, health or property in the event of an emergency, and (iv) if the handler is not classified as a critical information infrastructure operator, involving less than 100,000 people&#8217;s non-sensitive personal information from January 1 of the current year.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Value-Added Telecommunication Services</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Telecommunications Regulations of the PRC, or the Telecommunications Regulations, promulgated by the State Council on September 25, 2000 and amended on July 29, 2014 and February 6, 2016, telecommunication service providers must obtain an operating license prior to the commencement operations. The Telecommunications Regulations categorize telecommunication services into basic telecommunication services and value-added telecommunication services. According to the Catalog of Telecommunications Business, attached to the Telecommunications Regulations, information services provided via fixed network, mobile network and internet fall within value-added telecommunication services.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In July 2017, the MIIT promulgated the Administrative Measures on Telecommunications Business Operating Licenses. Under these regulations, a commercial operator of value-added telecommunication services must first obtain a license for value-added telecommunications business, known as ICP License, from the MIIT or its provincial level counterparts. The VIE, Beijing Niudian, the main operating entity which sells our products to third-parties, has obtained an ICP License for information service business.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Mobile Internet Applications Information Services</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition to the Telecommunications Regulations and other regulations above, mobile app information service providers are especially regulated by the Administrative Provisions on Mobile Internet Applications Information Services, or the App Provisions, which were promulgated by the CAC on June 28, 2016 and amended in 2022. The latest version became effective on August 1, 2022.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the App Provisions, mobile app information service providers are required to obtain the qualifications prescribed by laws and regulations, take responsibility for the supervision and administration of mobile app information as required by laws and regulations and implement the information security management responsibilities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">On July 21, 2023, the MIIT issued the Notice of Carrying out the Filing of Mobile Internet Applications, which proposes the requirements that holders of Apps engaged in internet information services within the PRC must fulfill the filing formalities in accordance with the relevant regulations and such holders shall not engage in the App internet information service without completion of such filing.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have implemented the necessary programs in our mobile app, including programs for data collection notification and for preventing data breach, damage and loss, to make sure the collection, protection and preservation of user information are in compliance with the App Provisions in all material aspects. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D.<b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b>Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;We retain certain personal information about our users and may be subject to various privacy and consumer protection laws.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Intellectual Property Rights</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Mainland China has adopted comprehensive legislation governing intellectual property rights, including copyrights, patents, trademarks and domain&#160;names.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">82</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations on Copyright</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Copyright Law of the PRC revised by the Standing Committee of the National People&#8217;s Congress on November 11, 2020 and came into effect on June 1, 2021, copyrights include personal rights such as the right of publication and that of attribution as well as property rights such as the right of production and that of distribution. Reproducing, distributing, performing, projecting, broadcasting or compiling a work or communicating the same to the public via an information network without permission from the owner of the copyright therein, unless otherwise provided in the Copyright Law of the PRC, constitutes an infringement of copyright. The infringer shall, among others, according to the circumstances of the case, undertake to cease the infringement, take remedial action, offer an apology and pay damages. We have registered our copyright on 27 sets of software codes regarding our BMS and other control or management systems.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Regulations on Patent</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Patent Law of the PRC promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People&#8217;s Congress on October 17, 2020 and effective on June 1, 2021, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law of the PRC (revised in 2023) promulgated by the State Council provide for patentable inventions, utility models and designs, which must meet three conditions: novelty, inventiveness and practical applicability. The State Intellectual Property Office under the State Council is responsible for examining and approving patent applications. The duration of a patent right is respectively 10 years for utility model, 15 years for design, and 20 years for invention, all of which shall commence from the date of application.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations on Trademark</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Pursuant to the Trademark Law of the PRC promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People&#8217;s Congress on August 23, 1982 and amended on February 22, 1993, October 27, 2001, August 30, 2013 and April 23, 2019, and the Regulation on the Implementation of the Trademark Law of the PRC (revised in 2014) promulgated by the State Council on August 3, 2002 and amended on April 29, 2014, the right to the exclusive use of a registered trademark is limited to trademarks which have been approved for registration and to goods for which the use of such trademark has been approved. The period of validity of a registered trademark is ten years, counted from the day that the registration is approved. According to this law, using a trademark that is identical to or similar to a registered trademark in connection with the same or similar goods without the authorization of the owner of the registered trademark constitutes an infringement of the exclusive right to use a registered trademark. The infringer shall, in accordance with the regulations, undertake to cease the infringement, remedial action, or pay damages. We have submitted several trademark invalidation applications against certain third-party infringers, which are still under administrative or legal proceedings. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212; D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Business and Industry&#8212;We may need to defend ourselves against patent, trademark or other intellectual property rights infringement claims, which may be time-consuming and would cause us to incur substantial costs.&#8221;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations on Domain Name</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Internet domain name registration and related matters are primarily regulated by the Measures on Administration of Internet Domain Names promulgated by the MIIT on August 24, 2017 and effective on November 1, 2017, and the Implementing Rules of China ccTLD Registration issued by China Internet Network Information Center on June 18, 2019. Domain name registrations are handled through domain name service agencies established under the applicable regulations, and the applicants become domain name holders upon successful registration.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Employment</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Labor Law of the PRC, the Labor Contract Law of the PRC, or the Labor Contract Law, and the Implementing Regulations of the PRC Labor Contract Law, labor relationships between employers and employees must be executed in written form. Wages may not be lower than the local minimum wage. Employers must establish a system for labor safety and sanitation, strictly abide by state standards and provide relevant education to their employees. Employees are also required to be able to work in safe and sanitary conditions.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">83</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">According to the Social Insurance Law of the PRC, promulgated by the SCNPC and effective from July 1, 2011 and amended on December 29, 2018, the Regulation of Insurance for Work-Related Injury, the Provisional Measures on Insurance for Maternity of Employees, the Regulation of Unemployment Insurance, and the Interim Regulation on the Collection and Payment of Social Insurance Premiums, an employer is required to contribute social insurance for its employees in mainland China, including basic pension insurance, basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance and injury insurance. Under the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Funds, promulgated by the State Council on April 3, 1999 and amended on March 24, 2002 and March 24, 2019, an employer is required to make contributions to a housing fund for its employees. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors &#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;Enforcement of stricter labor laws and regulations of mainland China may adversely affect our business and our profitability.&#8221;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Foreign Exchange</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations on Foreign Currency Exchange</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">SAFE promulgated the Circular on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange of Offshore Investment and Financing through Special Purpose Vehicles and Round-Tripping Investment by mainland China Resident, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as &#8220;SAFE Circular 75.&#8221; SAFE Circular 37 requires mainland China residents to register with local branches of SAFE in connection with their direct establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of offshore investment and financing, with such mainland China residents&#8217; legally owned assets or equity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a &#8220;special purpose vehicle.&#8221; SAFE Circular 37 further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capital contributed by mainland China residents, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a mainland China shareholder holding interests in a special purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the mainland China subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profit distributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent cross-border foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted in its ability to contribute additional capital into its mainland China subsidiaries. Furthermore, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above could result in liability under the laws of mainland China for evasion of foreign exchange controls.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations on Stock Incentive Plans</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In February 2012, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Foreign Exchange Administration of PRC Residents Participating in Share Incentive Plans of Offshore Listed Companies, or the Stock Option Rules, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Under the Stock Option Rules and other rules and regulations, mainland China residents who participate in a stock incentive plan in an overseas publicly-listed company are required to register with SAFE or its local branches and complete certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are mainland China residents must retain a qualified mainland China agent, which could be a mainland China subsidiary of the overseas publicly-listed company or another qualified institution selected by the mainland China subsidiary, to conduct SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan on behalf of its participants. The participants must also retain an overseas entrusted institution to handle matters in connection with their exercise of stock options, the purchase and sale of corresponding stocks or interests and fund transfers. In addition, the mainland China agent is required to amend SAFE registration with respect to the stock incentive plan if there is any material change to the stock incentive plan, the mainland China agent or the overseas entrusted institution or other material changes. The mainland China agents must, on behalf of the mainland China residents who have the right to exercise the employee share options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connection with the mainland China residents&#8217; exercise of the employee share options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by mainland China residents from the sale of shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in mainland China opened by mainland China agents before distribution to such mainland China residents. In addition, the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues concerning Foreign Exchange Administration over the Overseas Investment and Financing and Round-trip Investment by Domestic Residents via Special Purpose Vehicles promulgated on July 4, 2014 provides that mainland China residents who participate in a share incentive plan of an overseas unlisted special purpose company must register with SAFE or its local branches before exercising such rights.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">84</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Dividend Distribution</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends of foreign-invested enterprises include the PRC Company Law, the Foreign Investment Law and the Implementation Rules of the Foreign Investment Law. Under these laws and regulations, foreign-invested enterprises in mainland China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated after-tax profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, foreign-invested enterprises in mainland China are required to allocate 10% of their respective after-tax profits as the statutory common reserve when it distributes its after-tax profit for the current fiscal year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations Relating to Taxation</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations on Enterprise Income Tax</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC, which was promulgated on March 16, 2007, amended on February 24, 2017 and December 29, 2018, and its implementing rules, enterprises are classified as resident enterprises and non-resident enterprises. Mainland China resident enterprises typically pay enterprise income tax at the rate of 25%, while non-mainland China resident enterprises without any branches in mainland China pay an enterprise income tax in connection with their income from mainland China at the tax rate of 10%. An enterprise established outside of mainland China but with its &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; located within mainland China is considered a &#8220;resident enterprise,&#8221; which means that it is treated in a manner similar to a mainland China domestic enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes. The implementing rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law define &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; as a managing body that in practice exercises &#8220;substantial and overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting and properties&#8221; of the enterprise.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">The Enterprise Income Tax Law and the implementation rules provide that an income tax rate of 10% will normally be applicable to dividends payable to investors that are &#8220;non-resident enterprises,&#8221; and gains derived by such investors, which (i) do not have an establishment or place of business in mainland China or (ii) have an establishment or place of business in mainland China, but the relevant income is not effectively connected with the establishment or place of business to the extent that such dividends and gains are derived from sources within mainland China. Such income tax on the dividends may be reduced pursuant to a tax treaty between mainland China and other jurisdictions. Pursuant to the Arrangement between the Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, and other applicable laws of mainland China, if a Hong Kong resident enterprise is determined by the competent PRC tax authority to have satisfied the conditions and requirements under such arrangement and other applicable laws, the 10% withholding tax on the dividends the Hong Kong resident enterprise receives from a mainland China resident enterprise may be reduced to 5% upon receiving approval from in-charge tax authority. However, based on the Circular on Certain Issues with Respect to the Enforcement of Dividend Provisions in Tax Treaties issued on February 20, 2009 by the State Administration of Taxation, if the PRC tax authorities determine, in their discretion, that a company benefits from such reduced income tax rate due to a structure or arrangement that is primarily tax-driven, such PRC tax authorities may adjust the preferential tax treatment. According to Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Recognition of Beneficial Owners in Entrusted Investments, effective on June 1, 2014, non-residents may be recognized as &#8220;beneficial owners&#8221; and enjoy the treaty benefits for the income derived from mainland China from certain investments. According to the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues concerning the &#8220;Beneficial Owner&#8221; in Tax Treaties, which became effective in April 2018, a resident enterprise is determined as a &#8220;beneficial owner&#8221; that can apply for a low tax rate under tax treaties based on an overall assessment of several factors. Furthermore, the Administrative Measures for Non-Resident Taxpayers to Enjoy Treatments under Tax Treaties, which became effective on January 1, 2020, requires non&#173;resident enterprises to determine whether they are qualified to enjoy the preferential tax treatment under the tax treaties and file certain report and materials with the tax authorities. We may be classified as mainland China resident tax payers. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212; D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;If we are classified as a mainland China resident enterprise for mainland China income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-mainland China shareholders or ADS holders.&#8221;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">85</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Regulations on Value-Added Tax</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the Provisional Regulation of the PRC on Value-Added Tax issued by the State Council, effective on January 1, 1994, which was amended on November 10, 2008, February 6, 2016 and on November 19, 2017, or the Provisional Regulation, and its Implementing Rules, all entities and individuals that are engaged in the sale of goods, the provision of processing, repairs and installation services and the importation of goods in mainland China are required to pay a valued-added tax, or VAT. According to the Provisional Regulation, gross proceeds from sales and importation of goods and provision of services are generally subject to a VAT rate of 17% with exceptions for certain categories of goods that are taxed at a VAT rate of 11%. On April 4, 2018, the Circular of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Adjusting Value-Added Tax Rates was promulgated, which provides that effective from the date of May 1, 2018, gross proceeds from sales and importation of goods and provision of services are generally subject to a VAT rate of 16%, with exceptions for certain categories of goods that are taxed at a VAT rate of 10%. On March 20, 2019, the Announcement on Relevant Policies for Deepening Value-Added Tax Reform was jointly promulgated the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation and the General Administration of Customs, which further provides that effective from April 1, 2019, the VAT rate of gross proceeds from sales and importation of goods and provision of services shall be adjusted from 16% to 13%, with the VAT rate of certain categories of goods shall be adjusted from 10% to 9%. In addition, under the Provisional Regulation, the input VAT for the purchase of fixed assets is deductible from the output VAT, except for goods or services that are used in non-VAT taxable items, VAT exempted items and welfare activities, or for personal consumption. On September 3, 2023 the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Circular of Additional Value-Added Tax Credit Policy for Advanced Manufacturing Enterprises, which provides that an advanced manufacturing enterprise may credit the amount of input tax creditable in the current period, plus 5% of that amount, against the amount of tax payable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">86</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:441.69pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">C.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Organizational Structure</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our principal subsidiaries, the VIE and its principal subsidiaries, as of the date of this annual report:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><img src="niu-20231231x20f005.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:441.69pt;left:0%;padding-bottom:0pt;position:relative;top:0pt;width:380.64pt;"/></p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7.5pt;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Token Yilin Hu, Yi&#8217; nan Li, Yuqin Zhang and Changlong Sheng each holds 89.74%, 5.00%, 2.63% and 2.63% of the equity interest in Beijing Niudian, respectively. All of the shareholders of Beijing Niudian are beneficial owners of the shares of our company.</span></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Contractual Arrangements with the VIE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following is a summary of the currently effective contractual arrangements relating to Beijing Niudian.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">87</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Agreements that allow us to conduct the business operations of the VIE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Powers of Attorney.</i>&#160; Each of the shareholders of Beijing Niudian has executed a power of attorney to irrevocably authorize our company to act as his or her attorney-in-fact to exercise all of his or her rights as a shareholder of Beijing Niudian, including, but not limited to, the right to convene and attend shareholders&#8217; meetings, vote on any resolution that requires a shareholder vote, such as the appointment and removal of directors, supervisors and officers, as well as the sale, transfer and disposal of all or part of the equity interests owned by such shareholder. The powers of attorney will remain effective, as long as the shareholders of Beijing Niudian remain as registered shareholders of Beijing Niudian, unless otherwise instructed by our&#160;company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Second Amended and Restated Equity Pledge Agreement.</i>&#160; Pursuant to the second amended and restated equity pledge agreement, dated February 27, 2020, among our WFOE, Beijing Niudian and each of the shareholders of Beijing Niudian, the shareholders of Beijing Niudian have pledged the 100% equity interests in Beijing Niudian to our WFOE to guarantee performance by the shareholders of their obligations under the second amended and restated exclusive option agreement and powers of attorney, as well as the performance by Beijing Niudian of its obligations under the amended and restated exclusive business cooperation agreement and the second amended and restated exclusive option agreement. In the event of a breach by Beijing Niudian or any of its shareholders of contractual obligations under the second amended and restated equity pledge agreement, our WFOE, as pledgee, will have the right to dispose of the pledged equity interests in Beijing Niudian and will have priority in receiving the proceeds from such disposal. The shareholders of Beijing Niudian also undertake that, without the prior written consent of our WFOE, they will not dispose of, create or allow any encumbrance on the pledged equity interests. Beijing Niudian undertakes that, without the prior written consent of our WFOE, it will not assist or allow any encumbrance to be created on the pledged equity interests. In February 2021, we completed the registration of the equity pledge under the second amended and restated equity pledge agreement with the local office of the State Administration of Market Regulation in accordance with the PRC Property Rights Law.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Spousal Consent Letters.</i>&#160; The spouses of the shareholders of Beijing Niudian have each signed a spousal consent letter agreeing that the equity interests in Beijing Niudian held by and registered under the name of the respective shareholders will be disposed of pursuant to the VIE Agreements. These spouses agreed not to assert any rights over the equity interest in Beijing Niudian held by their spouses.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Agreements that allow us to receive economic benefits from the VIE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Amended and Restated Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreements.</i>&#160; Pursuant to the amended and restated exclusive business cooperation agreement, dated July 20, 2018, between our WFOE and Beijing Niudian, our WFOE has the exclusive right to provide Beijing Niudian with operational supports as well as consulting and technical services required by Beijing Niudian&#8217;s business. Without our WFOE&#8217;s prior written consent, Beijing Niudian may not accept any services subject to this agreement from any third party. Beijing Niudian agrees to pay our WFOE a monthly service fee at an amount that is equal to 100% of its net profits or an amount adjusted by our WFOE in its sole discretion for the relevant month, which should be paid within seven business days upon receipt of invoice from our WFOE. Our WFOE has the exclusive ownership of all the intellectual property rights created as a result of the performance of the amended and restated exclusive business cooperation agreement to the extent permitted by applicable laws of mainland China. To guarantee Beijing Niudian&#8217;s performance of its obligations thereunder, the shareholders of Beijing Niudian shall pledge all of their equity interests in Beijing Niudian to our WFOE pursuant to the second amended and restated equity pledge agreement. The amended and restated exclusive business cooperation agreement will remain effective for a term equal to Beijing Niudian&#8217;s operating period, unless otherwise terminated by our WFOE in writing or in accordance with applicable laws of mainland China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In June 2018, our WFOE and Jiangsu Xiaoniu entered into the amended and restated exclusive business cooperation agreement, which contains terms substantially similar to the amended and restated exclusive business cooperation agreement between our WFOE and Beijing Niudian described above.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">88</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Agreements that provide us with the option to purchase the equity interests in and assets of the&#160;VIE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Second Amended and Restated Exclusive Option Agreements.</i>&#160; Pursuant to the second amended and restated exclusive option agreement, dated February 27, 2020, among our company, our WFOE, Beijing Niudian and each of the shareholders of Beijing Niudian has irrevocably granted our company an exclusive option to purchase all or part of his or her equity interests in Beijing Niudian. Our company or our designated person may exercise such options at the price of RMB100 or the lowest price permitted under applicable laws of mainland China. The shareholders of Beijing Niudian undertake that, without our company&#8217;s prior written consent, they will not, among other things, (i) create any pledge or encumbrance on their equity interests in Beijing Niudian, (ii) transfer or otherwise dispose of their equity interests in Beijing Niudian, (iii) change Beijing Niudian&#8217;s registered capital, (iv) amend Beijing Niudian&#8217;s articles of association, (v) dispose of Beijing Niudian&#8217;s material assets or enter into any material contract with a value of over RMB100,000 (except in the ordinary course of business), or (vi) merge Beijing Niudian with any other entity. In addition, Beijing Niudian undertakes that, without our company&#8217;s prior written consent, it will not, among other things, create any pledge or encumbrance on any of its assets, or transfer or otherwise dispose of its material assets (except in the ordinary course of business). The second amended and restated exclusive option agreement will remain effective until all equity interests in and all the assets of Beijing Niudian have been transferred to our company or our designated person.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In the opinion of DaHui Lawyers, our PRC legal counsel:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the ownership structures of the VIE in mainland China and our WFOE, are not in violation of applicable laws and regulations of mainland China currently in effect; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the contractual arrangements between our company, our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders governed by the laws of mainland China are valid, binding and enforceable, and will not result in any violation of applicable laws and regulations of mainland China currently in effect.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">However, our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future laws, regulations and rules of mainland China. Accordingly, the PRC regulatory authorities may take a view that is contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. It is uncertain whether any new laws or regulations of mainland China relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. If we or any of the VIE are found to be in violation of any existing or future laws or regulations of mainland China, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures. We have been further advised by our PRC legal counsel that if the PRC government finds that the agreements in connection with the VIE structure do not comply with the laws of mainland China, we could be subject to severe penalties, including being prohibited from continuing operations. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure&#8212;If the PRC government funds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in mainland China do not comply with the regulations of mainland China relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations&#8221; and &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of the laws and regulations of mainland China could limit the legal protections available to you and us.&#8221;</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">D.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Property, Plants and Equipment</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our headquarters is located in Beijing, China, where we lease and occupy our office space with an aggregate floor area of approximately 2,300 square meters. Our Niu Innovation Lab is located in Shanghai, China, where we lease and occupy our office space with an aggregate floor area of approximately 500 square meters. Our manufacturing facility and after sales services facilities are in Changzhou, China, where we have both owned and leased facilities with a combined building area of approximately 123,500 square meters. In May 2020, we made prepayment of RMB39.4 million in addition to prepayment of RMB2.0 million in 2019 to acquire land use rights of a piece of land with total area of 61,148 square meters. In January 2021, we obtained the land use rights certificate. We built a new manufacturing facility on this piece of land to expand the production capacity in order to meet the expected increasing demand of our e-scooters. Construction of the new facility was completed in August 2021 and we have commenced production from September 2021.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">89</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following table sets forth the location, approximate size and primary use of facilities that we own or we lease, as of December 31, 2023:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:51.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:100%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Our&#160;Own&#160;Facility</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:51.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Approximate&#160;Size</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:51.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Building)&#160;in</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:51.8%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Location</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Square&#160;Meters</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.41%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Primary&#160;Use</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:51.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Changzhou</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 111,467</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:30.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Manufacturing and Maintenance Facility</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Approximate&#160;Size</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Building)&#160;in</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Location</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Square&#160;Meters</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Primary&#160;Use</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Lease&#160;Expiration&#160;Date</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Beijing</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,330</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Office</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">December&#160;31, 2024</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Shanghai</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 534</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Office</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">October 31, 2025</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Changzhou</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Manufacturing Facility</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">December&#160;31, 2024</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_4e4237cc_3dc2_4a9a_9d12_9fb6da3d34dc"></a><a id="Item4AUnresolvedStaffComments_425776"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">None.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_15425628_87d9_4a85_a551_f51b8ea93c72"></a><a id="Item5OperatingandFinancialReviewandProsp"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 5.</b></span>Operating and Financial Review and Prospects</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon, and should be read in conjunction with, our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this annual report on Form&#160;20-F. This report contains forward-looking statements. See &#8220;Forward-Looking Information.&#8221; In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information provided under the caption &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212; D. Risk Factors&#8221; in this annual report on Form&#160;20-F. We caution you that our businesses and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">A.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Operating Results</b></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Overview</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 7.5pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We currently design, manufacture and sell high-performance electric motorcycles, mopeds, bicycles, as well as kick-scooters and e-bikes. We have a diversified product portfolio that caters to the various demands of our users and addresses different urban travel scenarios. We have adopted an omnichannel retail model, integrating offline and online channels, to sell our products and provide services. We sold 709,802 units, including 600,994 units sold in the China market and 108,808 units sold in international markets. We sell and service our products through our &#8220;city partner&#8221; system in China, which consisted of 288 city partners with 2,856 franchised stores in 251 cities in China, and 56 distributors in 54 countries overseas as of December 31, 2023, as well as on our own online store and third-party e-commerce platforms. We also offer the NIU app as an integral part of the user experience.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 7.5pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We currently generate a majority of our revenues from sales of e-scooters to our distributors offline or to individual consumers online. We also generate revenues by selling accessories and spare parts and providing mobile app and other services</span><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 7.5pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Key Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 7.5pt 0pt;">Our results of operations and financial condition are affected by the general factors driving China&#8217;s electric two-wheeled vehicles industry, including, among others, China&#8217;s overall economic growth, the increase in per capita disposable income, the expansion of urbanization, the growth in consumer spending and consumption upgrades, the competitive environment, and governmental policies and initiatives towards electric two-wheeled vehicles, as well as the general factors affecting the electric two-wheeled vehicles industry in international markets. Unfavorable changes in any of these general industry conditions could negatively affect demand for our products and materially and adversely affect our results of operations.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">90</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 7.5pt 0pt;">Our results of operations and financial condition in 2023 was affected by the lingering effects of lithium battery price hikes started in 2022. We were also affected by the downturn in macroeconomic conditions characterized by cautious spending behaviors in our target markets post COVID-19 and increased market competition in China and international markets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 7.5pt 0pt;">While our business is influenced by these general factors, our results of operations are more directly affected by company specific factors, including the following major factors:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our ability to increase e-scooter sales volume;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our ability to develop and sell more accessories and spare parts and services;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our ability to manage our supply chain and manufacturing;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our ability to enhance our operational efficiency; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">our ability to expand into international markets.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:7.5pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 7.5pt 0pt;">Our ability to increase e-scooter sales volume</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 7.5pt 0pt;">Our results of operations depend significantly on our ability to increase sales volume of our e-scooters. Revenues generated from e-scooters represented 87.8%, 90.1% and 88.9% of our net revenues in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The number of e-scooters sold decreased by 19.9% from 1,037,914 in 2021 to 831,593 in 2022 and further decreased to 709,802 in 2023. We experienced external challenges from the lingering effects of lithium battery price hikes in 2022, as well as the consumption downgrade in our addressable markets. Despite the headwinds, we have been committed to the strategy of focusing on premium and mass-premium products in 2023, by expanding our product line and growing our classic series. Although we still face uncertainties and pressures, we expect that our domestic sales will return to the growth track in 2024 with the launches of our new products. The following table shows the number of e-scooters we sold in the years presented:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:57.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.19%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.61%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Units</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Units</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Units</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">F Series</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 175,230</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 16.9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 79,747</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 9.6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 209,554</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 29.5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">G Series</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 430,057</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 41.4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 233,737</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 28.1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 134,671</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 19.0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">KQi Series</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 15,413</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1.5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 102,466</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100,508</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 14.2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">MQi Series</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 106,914</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 41,906</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5.0</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 98,726</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13.9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">UQi Series</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 180,491</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 17.4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 208,360</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 25.1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 80,248</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 11.3</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">NQi Series<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1) </sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100,111</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 9.7</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 55,161</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6.7</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 40,099</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Others<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 29,698</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.81%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2.9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 110,216</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 45,996</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6.5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,037,914</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.81%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 831,593</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.82%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 709,802</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.74%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">Notes: </p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:4pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:6pt;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Number of e-scooters sold including SQi and RQi series.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:6pt;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Others include B series, C series, BQi series, Niu Aero Sports Bicycles and power-assist e-bike EUB-01 launched in previous years.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:5pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our ability to increase e-scooters sales volume depends on our ability to innovate in design and technology and offer e-scooter products that meet our users&#8217; demand. We have a diversified product portfolio that caters to the various demands of our users and addresses different urban travel scenarios. Currently, we offer two model lineups, comprising a number of different vehicle types. These include (i) our electric motorcycle, moped and bicycle series, including the NQi, MQi, UQi, F series and others, and (ii) our micro-mobility series, including the kick-scooter series KQi and the e-bike series BQi. We will continue to expand our product offerings by growing the classic series and introducing new models, aiming to cover the full spectrum of the urban mobility solutions. Moreover, our ability to increase the sales volume also depends on our ability to continually enhance our brand to attract users and purchases, as well as our ability to successfully execute our omnichannel retail model and expand our sales network both domestically and globally.</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">91</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our ability to develop and sell more accessories and spare parts and services</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our results of operations are affected by our ability to develop and sell more accessories and spare parts, which generally have higher gross margins. Revenues generated from selling accessories and spare parts represented 10.7%, 7.6% and 7.5% of our net revenues in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Our results of operations are also affected by our ability to sell more services. We generate revenue from the NIU app by providing subscription-based mobile app services. Users will need to subscribe for the mobile app service by paying a fee after an initial period of one or two years. Revenues generated from providing services 1.5%, 2.3% and 3.6% of our revenues in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. We will continue to further enhance the connectivity and other smart functionalities of our e-scooters and the NIU app and improve the user experience. This not only provides us with additional revenue streams but also improves our gross margin</span><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our ability to manage our supply chain and manufacturing</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Material and manufacturing costs of our e-scooters have historically accounted for a majority of our cost of revenues. Our future profitability is significantly dependent on our ability to control those costs as a percentage of our revenues, which in turn depends on our ability to effectively manage our supply chain and manufacturing process. Raw materials and components used in the production of our e-scooters are sourced from domestic suppliers as well as international suppliers, and their prices are dependent on various factors in addition to supply and demand. We generally engage multiple suppliers for the key components to minimize the dependency on any single supplier. We will continue to collaborate with our suppliers to manage the cost, capacity and quality of the raw materials and components. As our business grows in scale, we have obtained more bargaining power and hence more favorable terms from suppliers, including pricing terms. Our gross margin remained stable at 21.9%, 21.1% and 21.5% in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively, despite some temporary setbacks due to general economic conditions, our ability to control cost of products sold also depends on our successful adoption of automatic and intelligent manufacturing equipment and procedures, and effective utilization of our platform-based engineering system, through which designs of new models may be easily adaptable to our existing production lines.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our ability to enhance our operational efficiency</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our ability to achieve profitability is dependent on our ability to improve our operational efficiency and reduce the total operating expenses as a percentage of our revenues. Excluding share-based compensation expense, selling and marketing expenses have historically represented the largest portion of our total operating expenses. Advertising and promotion expenses, consisting primarily of online and offline advertisements, are event-driven, and tend to be higher when we launch new products. Our selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of our revenues were 9.0%, 13.9% and 18.7% in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The increase of our selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of our revenues in 2023 was mainly due to our expansion in the international markets, especially kick-scooters.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Our ability to lower our selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenues depends on our ability to manage our branding and promotion efforts, and improve selling and marketing efficiency. We have adopted an omnichannel retail model, integrating offline and online channels, to sell our products and provide services. Our offline channels consisted of 288 city partners with 2,856 franchised stores in 251 cities in China and 56 distributors in 54 countries overseas as of December 31, 2023. These distributors promote our brand and market our products and services at their own cost. We aim to invest more in local branding and marketing, strengthen connections with our customers, and enhance our adaptability to local market changes. Through our distributor networks, we will continue to expand and leverage our sales network to enhance our brand and improve sales efficiency. In addition, as our business grows, we expect to achieve greater operating leverage, increase the productivity of our personnel, and obtain more favorable terms from our suppliers.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our ability to expand to international markets</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">As of December 31, 2023, we sold our smart e-scooters through 56 distributors in 54 countries overseas. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, 14.7%, 18.5% and 15.2% of our revenues were derived from sales in international markets, respectively. We believe that our well-recognized NIU brand, together with our innovative design and continual expansion of product offerings, position us favorably to capture the enormous growth potential in the global market, and we will enter into selected international markets that offer identified growth opportunities and favorable government policies. In Europe, the U.S. and Southeast Asia, we will continue to expand our distribution network, launch new products suitable for local markets, partner with global leading companies to co-brand premium smart e-scooter models, and are exploring additional business opportunities to drive the growth beyond retail. We will pursue differentiated strategies for different overseas markets. We believe that our expansion into selected international markets will not only drive our revenue growth but also enhance our brand awareness.</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">92</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Key Components of Results of Operations</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Revenues</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We generate revenues from sales of e-scooters, sales of accessories and spare parts, and provision of mobile app and other services. The following table sets forth the break-down of our revenues, in amounts and as percentages of revenues for the years presented:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="13" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:61.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.77%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.05%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="15" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="13" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:61.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(in&#160;thousands,&#160;except&#160;percentage&#160;data)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Revenues:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">E-scooter sales</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,252,989</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 87.8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,853,895</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 90.1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,358,659</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 332,210</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 88.9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Accessories and spare parts sales</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 397,088</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10.7</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 242,297</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 7.6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 197,634</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 27,836</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 7.5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Service revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 54,460</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.83%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1.5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 72,405</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 95,465</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13,446</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,704,537</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.83%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,168,597</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,651,758</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 373,492</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We recognize revenues upon the satisfaction of our performance obligation (upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers) in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example, value added taxes), sales volume rebates provided to qualified distributors based on the volume sold to such distributors in a certain period and sales return estimated based on historical experiences.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">E-scooter sales.</i>&#160; We generate a large majority of our revenues from sales of e-scooters to our distributors offline or directly to individual consumers online.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have adopted an omnichannel retail model, integrating the offline and online channels, to sell our e-scooters. In China, we have a &#8220;city partner&#8221; system, and sell e-scooters to the city partners. City partners are our distributors, who either open and operate franchised stores or sign up franchised stores, and the franchised stores sell our products and provide services to individual consumers. In international markets, we sell to distributors. We generate revenues by selling e-scooters to our city partners in China and overseas distributors at a discount to the retail price. In addition, we incentivize them by providing sales volume rebate. We also sell directly to individual consumers through third-party e-commerce platforms, as well as on our own online store. We treat distributors offline and individual consumers online as our&#160;customers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Accessories and spare parts sales.</i>&#160; We sell proprietary accessories and spare parts to be installed on or used with our e-scooters, such as rear storage boxes and front baskets. We also offer NIU-branded accessories and general merchandise, such as decorative car plates, key chains, bicycles and&#160;apparel.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Service revenues.</i>&#160; Our service revenues primarily relate to our services associated with NIU app, NIU&#160;Cover and R&amp;D services to strategic partner.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><i style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">NIU app.</i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> We generate revenues from the NIU app by providing subscription-based mobile app services. The subscription fee for the initial one to two years is included in the retail price of our smart e-scooters, and after the initial period, users will need to pay a fee to renew the subscription.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><i style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">NIU Cover. </i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We</span><i style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> </i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">facilitate the sale of insurance policies for our e-scooters to individual customers, which are provided by third-party insurance companies.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><i style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">R&amp;D services. </i><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">We collaborate with a strategic partner for a joint R&amp;D project and we earn revenues from the R&amp;D services we provided.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cost of products sold represents a majority of our cost of revenues, and the other components of cost of revenues include logistics costs, write-downs of inventory and warranty&#160;costs.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">93</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cost of products sold mainly consists of the cost for purchasing raw materials and components, the labor cost and other costs for manufacturing e-scooters. We purchase raw materials and main components, such as batteries, motors, tires, battery chargers and controllers, from suppliers and assemble e-scooters in our own production facility.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Gross margin</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our gross margin is mainly affected by the retail price, product mix change, sales volume rebate and the cost of revenue per e-scooter. The following table shows our gross profit and gross margin for each of the years presented:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:41.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December 31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="10" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:41.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(in thousands, except for percentage data)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Gross profit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 812,779</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 669,681</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 570,747</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 80,388</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Gross margin</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">21.9%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">21.1%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">21.5%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">21.5%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Operating expenses</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Our operating expenses consist of selling and marketing expenses, research and development expenses, and general and administrative expenses. The following table sets forth the break-down of our total operating expenses, in amounts and as percentages of total operating expenses for each of the years presented:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="13" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.04%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.08%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="15" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="13" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(in&#160;thousands&#160;except&#160;for&#160;percentage&#160;data)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Operating expenses:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.08%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 332,008</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 54.5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 440,409</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 56.8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 495,735</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 69,823</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.08%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 55.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 135,218</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 22.2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 176,478</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 22.8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 150,986</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 21,266</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.08%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 16.9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 141,799</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 23.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 158,461</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 20.4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 244,518</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 34,439</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.08%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 27.5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 609,025</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 775,348</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 891,239</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 125,528</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.08%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Selling and marketing expenses.</i>&#160;&#160;Our selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of advertising and promotion expenses, payroll and related expenses for personnel engaged in selling and marketing activities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">The advertising and promotion expenses, consisting primarily of online and offline advertisements. We plan to continue to expand our new e-scooter product portfolio and sales network and retail channels, and engage in more selling and marketing activities to enhance our brand awareness and attract more purchases from new and existing customers in different geographic markets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Research and development expenses. </i>Our research and development expenses mainly consist of payroll and related costs for employees involved in researching and developing new products and technologies, design and development expenses, primarily including validation and testing fees, and expenses associated with the use by these functions of our facilities and equipment, such as depreciation and rental expenses. We plan to continue our innovation in design and technology and further expand our product portfolio.</p><a id="_Hlk163565873"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">General and administrative expenses. </i>Our general and administrative expenses mainly consist of allowance for doubtful accounts, payroll and related costs for employees engaging in general corporate functions, professional fees, foreign currency exchange gains (losses) and other general corporate expenses, as well as expenses associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation and rental expenses.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Taxation</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on corporations based upon profits, income, capital gains or appreciation. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. In addition, the Cayman Islands does not impose withholding tax on payments of dividends.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">94</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Hong Kong</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">The first HK$2 million of profits earned by our subsidiary incorporated in Hong Kong, Niu Technologies Group Limited, is taxed at 8.25%, representing a half the current tax rate, while the remaining profits continue to be taxed at the current tax rate of 16.5%. Niu Technologies Group Limited is exempted from the Hong Kong income tax on its foreign-derived income. In addition, payments of dividends from Niu Technologies Group Limited to our company are not subject to any withholding tax in Hong Kong. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax was made as we had no estimated assessable profit that was subject to Hong Kong profits tax during 2021, 2022 or 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">Mainland China</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our mainland China subsidiaries, the VIE, and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries are subject to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and are generally subject to a statutory income tax rate of 25%. Under the PRC Corporate Income Tax Law, preferential tax treatments will be granted to entities which conduct businesses in certain encouraged sectors and to entities otherwise classified as High and New Technology Enterprises (HNTE). Jiangsu Xiaoniu and Beijing Niudian were qualified as HNTEs and enjoy a preferential income tax rate of 15% for the fiscal years from 2021 to 2023 and 2022 to 2024, respectively. An entity could re-apply for the HNTE certificate when the prior certificate expires. The foregoing preferential income tax rates, however, are subject to periodic review and renewal by PRC authorities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Enterprise Income Tax Law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a foreign investment enterprise to its immediate holding company outside of mainland China, if such immediate holding company is considered as a non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within mainland China or if the received dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within mainland China, unless such immediate holding company&#8217;s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with mainland China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. The Cayman Islands, where Niu Technologies is incorporated, does not have such tax treaty with mainland China. According to the Arrangement between the Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, dividends paid by a foreign investment enterprise in mainland China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5%, if the immediate holding company owns at least 25% of the equity interest of the foreign investment enterprise and satisfies all other requirements under the tax arrangement and receives approval from the tax authority. We did not record any dividend withholding tax, as our mainland China entities have no retained earnings in the periods presented. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212; D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;We may not be able to obtain certain benefits under the tax treaty on dividends paid by our mainland China subsidiaries to us through our Hong Kong subsidiary.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country or region but whose &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; is located in mainland China be treated as a resident enterprise for mainland China tax purposes and consequently be subject to the mainland China income tax at the rate of 25% for its global income. The implementing rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law define the location of the &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; as &#8220;the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, property, etc., of a non-mainland China company is located.&#8221; Based on a review of surrounding facts and circumstances, we do not believe that it is likely that our operations outside of mainland China should be considered a resident enterprise for mainland China tax purposes. If our holding company in the Cayman Islands or any of our subsidiaries outside of mainland China were deemed to be a &#8220;resident enterprise&#8221; under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, it would be subject to enterprise income tax on its worldwide income at a rate of 25%. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212; D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;If we are classified as a mainland China resident enterprise for mainland China income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-mainland China shareholders or ADS holders.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">95</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:13.8pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Results of Operations</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the years presented, both in absolute amount and as a percentage of our net revenues for the years presented. Year-to-year comparisons of historical results of operations should not be relied upon as indicative of future performance.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="13" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:61.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:16.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.57%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="15" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="13" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:61.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(in&#160;thousands&#160;except&#160;for&#160;percentage&#160;data)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,704,537</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,168,597</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,651,758</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 373,492</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:6pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Cost of revenues</span><sup style="font-size:4.87pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,891,758)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (78.1)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,498,916)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (78.9)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2,081,011)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (293,104)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (78.5)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross profit</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 812,779</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 21.9</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 669,681</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 21.1</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 570,747</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 80,388</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 21.5</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Operating expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (332,008)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (9.0)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (440,409)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (13.9)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (495,735)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (69,823)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (18.7)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (135,218)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (3.7)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (176,478)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (5.6)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (150,986)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (21,266)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (5.7)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (141,799)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (3.8)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (158,461)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (5.0)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (244,518)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (34,439)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (9.2)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total operating expenses</b><sup style="font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (609,025)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (16.4)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (775,348)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (24.5)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (891,239)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (125,528)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (33.6)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Government grants</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 48,727</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 16,385</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 0.5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,969</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 418</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 0.1</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Operating income (loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 252,481</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6.8</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (89,282)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2.8)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (317,523)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (44,722)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (12.0)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Interest expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (6,168)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (0.2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (5,716)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (0.2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1,424)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (201)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (0.1)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Interest income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 5,376</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 0.1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 12,860</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 0.4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 35,492</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4,999</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1.3</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Investment income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 21,168</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 0.6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10,918</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 0.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,426</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 201</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 0.1</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Income (loss) before income taxes</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 272,857</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 7.4</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (71,220)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (2.2)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (282,029)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (39,723)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (10.6)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Income tax (expense) benefit </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (47,037)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1.3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 21,757</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 0.7</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 10,193</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,436</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 0.4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net income (loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 225,820</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.07%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6.1</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (49,463)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:6.09%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (1.6)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (271,836)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.72%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (38,287)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.77%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (10.3)</b></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7.5pt;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Share-based compensation expenses are allocated in cost of revenues and operating expenses items as&#160;follows:</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:55.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:55.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:55.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:55.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="9" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:55.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(in&#160;thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:55.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 847</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,225</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,238</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 174</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:55.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13,293</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 15,433</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 9,992</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,407</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:55.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 17,061</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 22,362</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 21,654</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,050</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:55.02%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 16,017</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 19,199</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 14,775</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 2,082</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:55.02%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 47,218</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 58,219</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.98%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 47,659</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,713</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Revenues</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our revenues decreased by 16.3% from RMB3,168.6 million in 2022 to RMB2,651.8 million (US$373.5 million) in 2023, which was primarily due to a decrease in e-scooter sales volume.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The revenues from e-scooter sales decreased by 17.4% from RMB2,853.9 million in 2022 to RMB2,358.7 million (US$332.2 million) in 2023, which was mainly due to a decrease in the sales volume of e-scooters by 14.6% from 831,593 in 2022 to 709,802 in 2023. The decrease in the sales volume of e-scooters was mainly due to the relatively slow pace of macro-economic recovery post COVID-19 and increased market competition in China and international markets.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">96</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The revenues per e-scooter decreased from RMB3,810.3 in 2022 to RMB3,735.9 (US$526.2) in 2023, mainly due to the decreased sales volume of e-motorcycles and e-mopeds in international markets, which generally have a higher average selling price. The respective impact from the change in sales volume of e-scooters and revenues per e-scooter on our revenues in 2023, as compared to 2022, was RMB464.0 million (calculated by assuming the revenues per e-scooter in 2023 was the same as that in 2022) and RMB61.8 million (calculated by assuming the sales volume of e-scooters in 2023 was the same as that in 2022).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The revenues from accessory and spare parts sales decreased from RMB242.3 million in 2022 to RMB197.6 million (US$27.8 million) in 2023, mainly due to the reduction in battery pack sales from overseas shared mobility operators, and the decrease in the sales volume of e-motorcycles and e-mopeds in international markets, which usually correlates with purchases of accessories and spare parts. The service revenues increased from RMB72.4 million in 2022 to RMB95.5 million (US$13.4 million) in 2023, mainly attributable to the growth of our user base.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Cost of revenues</span></p><a id="_Hlk163390063"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our cost of revenues decreased by 16.7% from RMB2,498.9 million in 2022 to RMB2,081.0 million (US$293.1 million) in 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in cost of products from RMB2,376.8 million in 2022 to RMB1,992.5 million (US$280.6 million) in 2023, which was generally in line with the decrease in e-scooter sales volume.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The cost per e-scooter, defined as cost of revenues divided by the number of e-scooters sold in a specified period, decreased from RMB3,005.0 in 2022 to RMB2,931.8 (US$412.9) in 2023, which was primarily due to lower freight cost for overseas sales.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Gross profit</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We generated a gross profit of RMB570.7 million (US$80.4 million) in 2023, as compared to a gross profit of RMB669.7 million in 2022. Our gross margin increased from 21.1% in 2022 to 21.5% in 2023, which was mainly due to lower raw material cost and change in product mix as a result of the launch of various new products.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Selling and marketing expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our selling and marketing expenses increased by 12.6% from RMB440.4 million in 2022 to RMB495.7 million (US$69.8 million) in 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase of RMB64.7 million in rental expenses, and an increase of RMB18.2 million in after-sales services, partially offset by a decrease of RMB14.0 million in advertising and promotion expenses, a decrease of RMB11.0 million in staff cost, and a decrease of RMB5.4 million in share-based compensation. The increase in rental and after-sales expenses was primarily driven by overseas business expansion. The decrease in advertising and promotion expenses was primarily due to reduced marketing and promotional activities conducted in China in 2023. The decrease in staff cost was primarily due to a decreased in the number of our sales staff. Our sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of our revenues increased from 13.9% in 2022 to 18.7% in 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Research and development expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our research and development expenses decreased by 14.4% from RMB176.5 million in 2022 to RMB151.0 million (US$21.3 million) in 2023. The decrease was mainly attributable to a decrease of RMB16.8 million in staff cost and share-based compensation, and a decrease of RMB5.1 million in system development expenses. The decrease in staff cost was mainly due to a reduction in the number of research and development personnel. The decrease of system development expenses primarily resulting from our cost-effective measures. Our research and development expenses as a percentage of our revenues slightly increased from 5.6% in 2022 to 5.7% in 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">97</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">General and administrative expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our general and administrative expenses increased by 54.3% from RMB158.5 million in 2022 to RMB244.5 million (US$34.4 million) in 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase of RMB114.4 million in allowance for doubtful accounts, partially offset by a decrease of RMB19.3 million in professional fees and office and miscellaneous expenses, and a decrease of RMB15.3 million in staff cost and share-based compensation. The decrease in staff cost was mainly the result of a reduction in the number of employees with general corporate functions. The decrease in office and miscellaneous expenses was mainly due to enjoying the preferential VAT policy for the Advanced Manufacturing Enterprises. Our general and administrative expenses as a percentage of our revenues increased from 5.0% in 2022 to 9.2% in 2023. Excluding allowance for doubtful accounts, our general and administrative expenses as a percentage of our revenues was 4.0% in 2023, as compared to 4.2% in 2022.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Government grants</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our government grants decreased from RMB16.4 million in 2022 to RMB3.0 million (US$0.4 million) in 2023. The government grants mainly consisted of subsidies or tax refunds from local government or industrial parks where our offices are located and there were no significant commitment, contingencies or provision for recapture conditions for the government grants received.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Net loss</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-bottom:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">As a result of the foregoing, we were in a net loss of RMB271.8 million (US$38.3 million) in 2023, compared to a net loss of RMB49.5 million in 2022.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-bottom:10pt;text-align:justify;background:#ffffff;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;2021</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;background:#ffffff;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Revenues</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our revenues decreased by 14.5% from RMB3,704.5 million in 2021 to RMB3,168.6 million in 2022, which was primarily due to a decrease in e-scooter sales volume.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The revenues from e-scooter sales decreased by 12.3% from RMB3,253.0 million in 2021 to RMB2,853.9 million in 2022, which was mainly due to a decrease in the sales volume of e-scooters by 19.9% from 1,037,914 in 2021 to 831,593 in 2022. The decrease in the sales volume of e-scooters was driven by the increase in raw materials and the impact of the COVID-19, which resulted in a decrease in sales in the domestic market.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;">The revenues per e-scooter increased from RMB3,569.2 in 2021 to RMB3,810.3 in 2022, mainly due to better premium product mix and price increase. The respective impact from the change in sales volume of e-scooters and revenues per e-scooter on our revenues in 2022, as compared to 2021, was RMB736.4 million (calculated by assuming the revenues per e-scooter in 2022 was the same as that in 2021) and RMB250.2 million (calculated by assuming the sales volume of e-scooters in 2022 was the same as that in 2021).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The revenues from accessory and spare parts sales decreased from RMB397.1 million in 2021 to RMB242.3 million in 2022, mainly due to the battery pack sales reduction from overseas shared mobility operators, and the decrease in the sales volume of e-scooters in China, with which purchases of accessories and spare parts usually correlate. The service revenues increased from RMB54.5 million in 2021 to RMB72.4 million in 2022, mainly attributable to the continued growth of our user base.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Cost of revenues</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our cost of revenues decreased by 13.6% from RMB2,891.8 million in 2021 to RMB2,498.9 million in 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in cost of products from RMB2,826.6 million in 2021 to RMB2,376.8 million in 2022, which was primarily due to a decrease in e-scooter sales volume.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The cost per e-scooter, defined as cost of revenues divided by the number of e-scooters sold in a specified period, increased from RMB2,786.1 in 2021 to RMB3005.0 in 2022, which was primarily due to higher raw material costs and product mix change.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">98</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Gross profit</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We generated a gross profit of RMB669.7 million in 2022, as compared to a gross profit of RMB812.8 million in 2021. Our gross margin slightly decreased from 21.9% in 2021 to 21.1% in 2022, which was mainly due to higher raw material cost and change in product mix as a result of the launch of various new products.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Selling and marketing expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our selling and marketing expenses increased by 32.7% from RMB332.0 million in 2021 to RMB440.4 million in 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase of RMB31.4 million in advertising and promotion expenses, an increase of RMB41.8 million in depreciation and amortization, an increase of RMB10.2 million in staff cost, an increase of RMB2.1 million in share-based compensation, an increase of RMB6.3 million in rental expenses and an increase of RMB14.7 million in other selling expenses. The increase in advertising and promotion expenses was mainly due to increased advertising and marketing activities especially in international markets. The increase in depreciation and amortization was due to higher depreciation of furniture and decoration expenditures of the franchised stores as a result of the increased number of stores in China. The increase in staff cost and share-based compensation was due to an increase in the number of sales staff and additional share incentive grants. The increase in rental expenses and other selling expenses was due to the growth of kick-scooters sales in international markets. Excluding advertising and promotion expenses, our selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of our revenues was 7.8% in 2022, as compared to 4.6% in 2021.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Research and development expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our research and development expenses increased by 30.5% from RMB135.2 million in 2021 to RMB176.5 million in 2022. The increase was mainly attributable to an increase of RMB22.4 million in staff cost, an increase of RMB5.3 million in share-based compensation, and an increase of RMB21.0 million in design and testing expenses. The increase in staff cost and share-based compensation was mainly due to an increase in the number of staff and additional share incentive grants. The increase of design and testing expenses was due to the research and development of new products, especially in micro-mobility sector. Our research and development expenses as a percentage of our revenues increased from 3.7% in 2021 to 5.6% in 2022.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">General and administrative expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our general and administrative expenses increased by 11.8% from RMB141.8 million in 2021 to RMB158.5 million in 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase of RMB14.7 million in staff cost, an increase of RMB3.2 million in share-based compensation, an increase of RMB23.8 million in allowance for doubtful accounts and a decrease of RMB24.6 million in foreign currency exchange gain. The increase in staff cost and share-based compensation was mainly due to an increase in the number of staff and additional share incentive grants. The increase in allowance for doubtful accounts was mainly due to overseas accounts receivable. The decrease in foreign currency exchange gain was mainly because of the appreciation of US dollar. Our general and administrative expenses as a percentage of our revenues increased from 3.8% in 2021 to 5.0% in 2022.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Government grants</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our government grants decreased from RMB48.7 million in 2021 to RMB16.4 million in 2022. These government grants mainly consisted of incentives from local government authorities and were for the purpose of giving immediate financial support from local government authorities with no future related costs or obligations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Net loss</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As a result of the foregoing, we generated a net loss of RMB49.5 million in 2022, compared to a net income of RMB225.8 million in 2021.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">B.</b></span><b style="font-weight:bold;">Liquidity and Capital Resources</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cash flows and working capital</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We had net cash provided by operating activities of RMB334.2 million and RMB93.7 million (US$13.2 million) in 2021 and 2023, respectively, and net cash used in operating activities of RMB121.9 million in 2022.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">99</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our primary sources of liquidity have been cash provided by operating activities and financing activities. As of December 31, 2023, we had RMB980.2 million (US$138.1 million) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, of which approximately 34.2% were held in Renminbi and the remainder was mainly held in U.S. dollars.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">After considering all facts available to us as of the date of this annual report, we believe our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and term deposits will be sufficient to meet our current and anticipated needs for general corporate purposes for at least the next 12 months. We may, however, need additional cash resources in the future if we experience changes in business conditions or other developments. We may also need additional cash resources in the future if we find and wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, capital expenditure or similar actions. If we determine that our cash requirements exceed the amount of cash and cash equivalents we have on hand, we may seek to issue equity or equity linked securities or obtain debt financing. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have the following short-term bank borrowings:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:10pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">In June 2021, we entered into a two-year secured loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC, pursuant to which we were entitled to borrow a secured bank loan of up to RMB160,000,000. In June 2021, we drew down RMB160,000,000 under this facility agreement bearing interest of 3.5% per annum, and repaid RMB40,000,000 and RMB120,000,000 in September and December 2021, respectively. In December 2021, June 2022 and December 2022, we drew down RMB160,000,000 each under this facility agreement for three times, bearing interest of 3.2%, 3.0% and 3.0%, respectively, and fully repaid in June 2022, December 2022 and January 2023, respectively, and the cash collateral in this bank was released accordingly. As of December 31, 2023, the total outstanding balance of these borrowings was nil, and the cash collateral in the form of a US dollar deposit held with the bank was nil.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">In March 2023, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">we</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> entered into a twelve-month secured loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC, pursuant to which </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">we are</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> entitled to borrow a secured bank loan of up to RMB160,000,000. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">In June and August 2023, we drew down RMB41,380,805 and RMB58,619,195, respectively, under this facility agreement bearing interest of 3.2% per annum. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">As of December 31, 2023, the total outstanding borrowings were RMB100,000,000 and </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">we</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> provided cash collateral in the form of a US dollar deposit equivalent to RMB107,521,732 held with the bank. </span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">In April 2022, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">we</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> entered into a </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">twelve-</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">month revolving loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC, and was entitled to extend the maturity date to April 2024. Pursuant to this agreement, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">we are </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">entitled to borrow a short-term bank borrowing and notes payable of up to RMB300,000,000. As of December 31, 2023, notes payable represents non-interest-bearing bank acceptance notes we issued to suppliers that are due within twelve months.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Although we consolidate the results of the VIE, we only have access to the assets or earnings of the VIE through our contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;C. Organizational Structure&#8221; For restrictions and limitations on liquidity and capital resources as a result of our corporate structure, see &#8220;&#8212;Holding Company Structure.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A substantial majority of our revenues have been, and we expect they are likely to continue to be, in the form of Renminbi. Under existing foreign exchange regulations of mainland China, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior SAFE approval as long as certain routine procedural requirements are fulfilled. Therefore, our mainland China subsidiaries are allowed to pay dividends in foreign currencies to us without prior SAFE approval by following certain routine procedural requirements. However, current regulations of mainland China permit our mainland China subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only out of its accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. Our mainland China subsidiaries are required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits after making up previous years&#8217; accumulated losses each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Historically, our mainland China subsidiaries have not paid dividends to us. Furthermore, capital account transactions, which include foreign direct investment and loans, must be approved by and/or registered with SAFE, its local branches and certain local banks.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">100</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following table sets forth the movements of our cash flows for the years presented:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:40.97%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b>&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt;visibility:hidden;"><td colspan="9" style="padding:0pt;"/></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:40.97%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(in&#160;thousands)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Selected Consolidated Cash Flow Data:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 334,175</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (121,856)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 93,735</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13,202</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (295,059)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 397,892</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 216,310</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 30,467</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,246</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (17,797)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (59,346)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (8,359)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> (8,490)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 30,043</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 8,914</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,255</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 36,872</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 288,282</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 259,613</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 36,565</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 395,473</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 432,345</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 720,627</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 101,499</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 432,345</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 720,627</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 980,240</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 138,064</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Operating activities</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by operating activities in 2023 was RMB93.7 million (US$13.2 million), as compared to net loss of RMB271.8 million (US$38.3 million). The difference between net cash provided by operating activities and net loss was attributable to adjustments for certain non-cash expenses and net changes in working capital. Adjustments for non-cash expenses consisted principally of depreciation and amortization expenses of RMB148.1 million (US$20.9 million), allowance for doubtful accounts of RMB139.4 million (US$19.6 million) and share-based compensation expenses of RMB47.7 million (US$6.7 million). Changes in working capital accounts that affected operating cash flow consisted primarily of (i) a decrease of RMB65.4 million (US$9.2 million) in accounts receivable and (ii) a decrease of RMB33.3 million (US$4.7 million) in accounts payable and notes payable. The decrease in accounts receivable was primarily due to enhanced efficiency of cash management.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash used in operating activities in 2022 was RMB121.9 million, as compared to net loss of RMB49.5 million. The difference between net cash used in operating activities and net loss was attributable to adjustments for certain non-cash expenses and net changes in working capital. Adjustments for non-cash expenses consisted principally of depreciation and amortization expenses of RMB142.7 million and share-based compensation expenses of RMB58.2 million. Changes in working capital accounts that affected operating cash flow consisted primarily of (i) a RMB156.1 million increase in inventories and (ii) a RMB125.9 million increase in prepayments and other current assets. The increase in inventories and prepayments and other current assets was primarily due to the growth of our business and operation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by operating activities in 2021 was RMB334.2 million, as compared to net income of RMB225.8 million. The difference between net cash provided by operating activities and net loss was attributable to adjustments for certain non-cash expenses and net changes in working capital. Adjustments for non-cash expenses consisted principally of depreciation and amortization expenses of RMB95.5 million and share-based compensation expenses of RMB47.2 million. Changes in working capital accounts that affected operating cash flow consisted primarily of (i) a RMB286.7 million increase in accounts payable and notes payable, (ii) a RMB168.5 million increase in accounts receivable and (iii) a RMB131.2 million increase in inventories. The increase in accounts payable and notes payable, accounts receivable and inventories was primarily due to the growth of our business and operation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Investing activities </b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by investing activities in 2023 was RMB216.3 million (US$30.5 million), consisting primarily of cash received from sale of short-term investments and withdrawal from term deposits, partially offset by cash paid for purchases of term deposits, short-term investments, and property, plant and equipment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by investing activities in 2022 was RMB397.9 million, consisting primarily of cash received from sale of short-term investments and withdrawal from term deposits, partially offset by cash paid for purchases of term deposits, short-term investments, and property, plant and equipment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash used in investing activities in 2021 was RMB295.1 million, consisting primarily of cash paid for purchases of term deposits, short-term investments, and property, plant and equipment, partially offset by cash received from sale of short-term investments and withdrawal from term deposits.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">101</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financing activities </b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash used in financing activities in 2023 was RMB59.3 million (US$8.4 million), consisting primarily of repayments for short-term bank borrowings, partially offset by the proceeds from short-term bank borrowings and exercise of employee stock option.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash used in financing activities in 2022 was RMB17.8 million, consisting primarily of repayments for short-term bank borrowings, partially offset by the proceeds from short-term bank borrowings and exercise of employee stock option.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by financing activities in 2021 was RMB6.2 million, consisting primarily of proceeds from short-term bank borrowings and exercise of employee stock option, partially offset by repayments for short-term bank borrowings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Material cash requirements </b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our material cash requirements as of December 31, 2023 and any subsequent interim period primarily include our capital expenditures, operating lease obligations and purchase obligations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We made capital expenditures of RMB285.7 million, RMB135.3 million and RMB78.9 million (US$11.1 million) in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Our capital expenditures for 2021, 2022 and 2023 represented cash paid for purchase of property, plant and equipment. We will continue to make such capital expenditures to support the expected growth of our business.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We intend to fund our existing and future material cash requirements primarily with anticipated cash flows from operations, our existing cash balance and other financing alternatives.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet derivative instruments. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We did not have any significant capital and other commitments, long-term obligations or guarantees as of December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Holding Company Structure</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our company, Niu Technologies, is a holding company with no material operations of its own. We conduct operations in mainland China primarily through our <span style="font-family:'Times';">subsidiaries</span> and the VIE<span style="font-family:'Times';"> in mainland China</span>. As a result, although other means are available for us to obtain financing at the holding company level, Niu Technologies&#8217; ability to pay dividends depends upon dividends paid by our mainland China subsidiaries and license and service fees paid by the VIE in mainland China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If any of our existing or newly formed mainland China subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends to Niu Technologies. In addition, our WFOE is permitted to pay dividends to us only out of its retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Under the laws of mainland China, each of our WFOE and the VIE is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of its registered capital. In addition, our WFOE may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to enterprise expansion funds and staff bonus and welfare funds at its discretion, and the VIE may allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to a discretionary surplus fund at its discretion. The statutory reserve funds and the discretionary funds are not distributable as cash dividends. Remittance of dividends by a wholly foreign-owned company out of mainland China is subject to examination by the banks designated by SAFE. Our WFOE has not paid dividends and will not be able to pay dividends until it generates accumulated profits and meets the requirements for statutory reserve funds.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">C.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Research and Development</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item 4. Information On the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212; NIU Innovation Lab&#8221; and &#8220;&#8212;Intellectual Property.&#8221;</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">102</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">D.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Trend Information</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events since January 1, 2024 that are reasonably likely to have a material and adverse effect on our revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future results of operations or financial conditions.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">E.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We prepare our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if: (1) the accounting estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made, and (2) changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, or use of different estimates that we reasonably could have used in the current period, would have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. There are other items within our financial statements that require estimation but are not deemed critical, as defined above. Changes in estimates used in these and other items could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. For a detailed discussion of our significant accounting policies and related judgments, please see Note 2, &#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies&#8221; of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. You should read the following descriptions of critical accounting estimates in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and other disclosures included in this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Income taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our current income taxes are provided on the basis of net income (loss) for financial reporting purposes, and adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions. Our deferred income taxes are provided using the asset and liability method. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred income tax assets if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We estimate the need for any valuation allowance by applying significant judgment and considering all available evidence including past results and future projections. We reassess our estimates periodically and record a partial or full valuation allowance release if needed.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We discuss recently adopted and issued accounting standards in Note 2, &#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies&#8212;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&#8221; to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.</p><a id="_d1d6507a_2372_4f75_aab3_8b812d69e16b"></a><a id="Item6DirectorsSeniorManagementandEmploye"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 6.</b></span>Directors, Senior Management and Employees</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">A.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Directors and Senior Management</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following table sets forth information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date of this annual report.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.75%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Directors&#160;and&#160;Executive&#160;Officers</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.77%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.27%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Age</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.84%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.34%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Position/Title</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:27.75%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Yan Li</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">45</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:58.34%;background:#cceeff;border-top:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:27.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Fion Wenjuan Zhou</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">40</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:58.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Director and Chief Financial Officer</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:27.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Changqing Ye</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">53</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:58.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Independent Director</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:27.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Mei-Wei Cheng</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">74</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:58.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Independent Director</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:27.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Julian Juul Wolhardt</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">50</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:58.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Independent Director</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:27.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">John Jinshu Zhang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">64</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:58.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Independent Director</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">103</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Dr. Yan Li</i> has served as the chairman of our board of directors since March&#160;2018, our chief executive officer since December&#160;2017 and our chief operating officer since January&#160;2016. Prior to joining our company in 2016, Dr.&#160;Li was a principal at KKR Capstone Limited from 2009 to 2015 and he oversaw KKR Capstone Limited&#8217;s portfolio operation in China, including Qingdao Haier Group, a home appliance manufacturer listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, China Modern Diary, a milk producer listed on the Hong&#160;Kong Stock Exchange, China Cord Blood Corporation, a provider of cord blood banking services in China listed on the New&#160;York Stock Exchange and United&#160;Envirotech, an environmental engineering and consulting solutions provider listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. Dr.&#160;Li was awarded the Operational Excellence Award by Private Equity International in 2012. Prior to KKR Capstone Limited, Dr.&#160;Li worked for McKinsey&#160;&amp; Company from 2008 to 2009, where he advised various companies in high-tech, industrial goods and retail sectors. Prior to McKinsey, Dr.&#160;Li worked as a senior research engineer at Qualcomm&#160;Inc. in San Diego,&#160;CA from 2006 to 2008, focusing on the development of 3G and 4G communications technology. Dr.&#160;Li holds three patents on 3G communications. Dr.&#160;Li received a bachelor&#8217;s degree from the University of California at Berkeley in 2001 and a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 2005, both in electronics and electrical engineering.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Ms. Fion Wenjuan Zhou </i>has served as our director since December 2023 and our chief financial officer since November 2021. She is responsible for overseeing investor relations, strategic investment, finance, legal, internal controls and ESG compliance of our company. Prior to joining us, Ms. Zhou served as the chief financial officer of Sogou Inc. (NYSE: SOGO) from July 2020 to October 2021. Between 2015 and 2019, Ms. Zhou served as a finance director of Alibaba Group (NYSE: BABA) and as chief financial officer of Yidian Zixun, a leading mobile news aggregator in China. Prior to that, Ms. Zhou also held senior finance roles at Viadeo S.A. and Concord Medical Services Holdings Limited (NYSE: CCM). Ms. Zhou started her career as an auditor at PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian in 2006. Ms. Zhou received a bachelor&#8217;s degree in Financial Management from the University of International Business and Economics in 2006 and an Executive MBA from HEC Paris in 2016. Ms. Zhou is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and a Chartered Global Management Accountant.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Mr. Changqing </i>Ye<i style="font-style:italic;"> </i>has served as our director since October 2018. He currently also serves as an independent director of Baozun Inc., a company listed on Nasdaq, Ascentage Pharma Group International, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Jinxin Fertility Group Limited, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Hygeia Healthcare Holdings Limited, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, VNET Group Inc., a company listed on Nasdaq, and NWTN Inc., a company listed on Nasdaq. From October 2018 to September 2022, he served as an independent director of Luzhou Bank, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. From February 2011 to December 2015, Mr. Ye served as an investment committee member and then group chief financial officer and managing director of CITIC PE Group. Prior to that, Mr. Ye worked at PricewaterhouseCoopers&#8217; China and UK offices from July 1992 to January 2011. Mr. Ye received his bachelor&#8217;s degree in journalism from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China in 1992 and an MBA from Warwick University in 1999. Mr. Ye is a certified public accountant in China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Mr.</i>&#160;<i style="font-style:italic;">Mei-Wei Cheng</i> has served as our director since October&#160;2018. Mr.&#160;Cheng serves as a director of LEAR Corporation, and served as non-executive chairman of the board of directors of HCP Packaging and INTERPLEX Holdings, both portfolio companies of Baring Private Equity Asia. Mr.&#160;Cheng served as a member of the audit committee and finance committee of the board of directors of Seagate Technology, a company listed on Nasdaq, from 2013 to 2018. From 2010 to 2014, Mr.&#160;Cheng served as board member and audit committee member of Diebold Nixdorf, a company listed on NYSE. From February&#160;2015 to January&#160;2017, Mr.&#160;Cheng served as the chairman of the board of directors of Pactera Technology International&#160;Ltd., a portfolio company of Blackstone Group. From July&#160;2010 to April&#160;2014, Mr.&#160;Cheng was the chief executive officer of Siemens Northeast Asia and president and chief executive officer of Siemens China. Prior to joining Siemens, Mr.&#160;Cheng served as the chairman and chief executive officer of Ford Motor (China)&#160;Ltd. And as a corporate vice president of Ford Motor Company from 1998 to 2008 and as the executive chairman at Ford Motor Company (China)&#160;Ltd. And as a group vice president of Ford Motor Company from 2009 to 2010. Prior to joining Ford, Mr.&#160;Cheng held several executive positions at General Electric Corporation and AT&amp;T. Mr.&#160;Cheng received a bachelor&#8217;s degree in industrial engineering/operations research from Cornell University in 1972 and an MBA from Rutgers University in 1999.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Mr.&#160;Julian Juul Wolhardt</i> has served as our director since October&#160;2018. Mr.&#160;Wolhardt is currently chief executive officer of DCP Advisors Limited. From August 2006 to December 2016, Mr. Wolhardt was a partner focused on Greater China at KKR Asia Limited. Prior to joining KKR Asia Limited, Mr. Wolhardt served as executive director at Morgan Stanley Private Equity Asia from 1998 to 2006. Mr. Wolhardt was an analyst at Lazard Freres &amp; Co from 1996 to 1997 and worked at Coopers &amp; Lybrand from 1995 to 1996. Mr. Wolhardt received his bachelor&#8217;s degree in accounting from the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign) in 1995. Mr. Wolhardt is a certified public accountant and certified management accountant in the U.S.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">104</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Mr. John Jinshu Zhang </i>has served as our director since October 2018. Mr. Zhang is currently general counsel of Blue California. From October 2000 to May 2021, Mr. Zhang was a partner at Dentons LLP, Edwards Wildman LLP, Reed Smith LLP, and Greenberg Traurig, LLP successively. Mr. Zhang worked as an associate of Jones Day LLP and Graham &amp; James, LLP from November 1993 to November 1999. Mr. Zhang received his bachelor&#8217;s degree in literature from Peking University in 1982, master&#8217;s degree in Asian studies from University of Hawaii at Manoa in 1989, master&#8217;s degree in intellectual history from University of California, Los Angeles in 1990 and Juris doctor degree from University of California, Berkeley in 1993.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">B.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Compensation</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In 2023, we paid an aggregate of approximately RMB3.54 million (US$0.50 million) in cash to our executive officers, and approximately RMB1.06 million (US$0.15 million) in cash to our non-executive directors. We have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our directors and executive officers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Share Incentive Plans</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In January 2016, our shareholders and board of directors approved the 2016 Global Share Incentive Plan to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants, and promote the success of our business. In March 2018, we amended the 2016 Global Share Incentive Plan, or the Amended and Restated 2016 Plan, so that the maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares that may be issued under the Amended and Restated 2016 Plan is 5,861,480 ordinary shares. As of December 31, 2023, options to purchase 1,330,130 ordinary shares and nil restricted share units had been granted and were outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2016 Plan, excluding options or restricted share units that were forfeited or canceled after the relevant grant dates. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In September 2018, our shareholders and board of directors approved the 2018 Share Incentive Plan to promote the success and enhance the value of our company, which became effective immediately prior to the completion of our initial public offering. Under the 2018 Share Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares available for issuance is initially 6,733,703 ordinary shares, which shall be increased by a number equal to 1.5% of the total number of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares on the last day of each of the immediately preceding fiscal year during the term of the 2018 Plan commencing with the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, if determined and approved by the board of directors for the relevant fiscal year. Our board of directors has approved annual increases of 2,285,407, 2,305,212, and 2,313,923 ordinary shares for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, representing 1.5% of total issued and outstanding shares as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, pursuant to the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2023, options to purchase 2,612,928 ordinary shares and 2,003,074 restricted share units had been granted and were outstanding under the 2018 Plan, excluding options or restricted share units that were forfeited or canceled after the relevant grant dates. The following paragraphs describe the principal terms of the Amended and Restated 2016 Plan and the 2018 Plan:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Type of Awards.</i>&#160; The Amended and Restated 2016 plan permits the awards of options, restricted share units, restricted shares, share appreciation rights, dividend equivalents and share&#160;payments. The 2018 plan permits the awards of options, restricted shares, restricted share units or other types of awards approved by the board of directors or a committee of one or more members of the board of directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Plan Administration.</i>&#160; Our board of directors or a committee appointed by the board of directors will administer the plan. The committee or the board of directors, as applicable, will determine the participants to receive awards, the type and number of awards to be granted to each participant, and the terms and conditions of each grant.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Award Agreement.</i>&#160; Awards granted under the plan are evidenced by an award agreement that sets forth the terms, conditions and limitations for each award, which may include the term of the award, the provisions applicable in the event that the grantee&#8217;s employment or service terminates, and our authority to unilaterally or bilaterally amend, modify, suspend, cancel or rescind the&#160;award.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Eligibility. We </i>may grant awards to our employees, consultants and directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Vesting Schedule.</i>&#160; In general, the plan administrator determines the vesting schedule, which is specified in the relevant award agreement.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Exercise of Options.</i>&#160; The plan administrator determines the exercise price for each award, which is stated in the relevant award agreement. Options that are vested and exercisable will terminate if they are not exercised prior to the time as the plan administrator determines at the time of grant. However, the maximum exercisable term is ten years from the date of&#160;grant.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">105</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:13.8pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Transfer Restrictions.</i>&#160; Awards may not be transferred in any manner by the participant other than in accordance with the exceptions provided in the plan or the relevant award agreement or otherwise determined by the plan administrator, such as transfers by will or the laws of descent and distribution.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Termination and Amendment of the Plan.</i>&#160; Unless terminated earlier, the plan has a term of ten years. Our board of directors has the authority to terminate, amend, suspend or modify the plan in accordance with our articles of association. However, without the prior written consent of the participant, no such action may adversely affect in any material way any award previously granted pursuant to the plan.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2023, the options granted and outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2016 Plan and the 2018 Plan to our directors and executive officers and our other employees, excluding options that were forfeited or canceled after the relevant grant&#160;dates.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:19.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ordinary&#160;Shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exercise</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:19.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:34.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Underlying</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Price</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:19.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Date&#160;of</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:34.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Name</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Options</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(US$/Share)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Date&#160;of&#160;Grant</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:19.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Expiration</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:34.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yan Li</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3.425</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">August&#160;1, 2019</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:19.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">July&#160;31, 2029</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:34.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Other employees</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 3,013,058</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">0.2 and 3.425</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">February&#160;1, 2018~ August&#160;1, 2019</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:19.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">January&#160;31, 2028~ July 31, 2029</p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">*&#160; Less than 1% of our total ordinary shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2023, the restricted share units granted and outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2016 Plan and the 2018 Plan to our directors and executive officers and our other employees, excluding restricted share units that were forfeited or canceled after the relevant grant&#160;dates.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:26.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ordinary&#160;Shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:26.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Underlying</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:26.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Restricted&#160;Share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:26.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Date&#160;of</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.76%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Name</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Units</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:26.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Date&#160;of&#160;Grant</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Expiration</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Fion Wenjuan Zhou</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:26.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">March 15, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">March 14, 2032</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Changqing Ye</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:26.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">October&#160;19, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">October&#160;18, 2032</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Mei-Wei Cheng</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:26.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">October&#160;19, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">October&#160;18, 2032</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Julian Juul Wolhardt</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:26.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">October&#160;19, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">October&#160;18, 2032</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">John Jinshu Zhang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:26.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">October&#160;19, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">October&#160;18, 2032</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Other employees</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,669,074</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:26.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">February&#160;1, 2019 ~ October&#160;1, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:29.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">January&#160;31, 2029 ~ September&#160;30, 2033</p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:18pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">*&#160; Less than 1% of our total ordinary shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">C.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Board Practices</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Board of Directors</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our board of directors consists of six directors. A director is not required to hold any shares in our company by way of qualification. A director who is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or transaction or proposed contract or transaction with our company is required to declare the nature of his interest at a meeting of our directors. Subject to the Nasdaq Global Market rules&#160;and disqualification by the chairman of the relevant board meeting, a director may vote in respect of any contract or transaction or proposed contract or transaction notwithstanding that he may be interested therein, and if he does so his vote shall be counted and he shall be counted in the quorum at any meeting of our directors at which any such contract or transaction or proposed contract or transaction is considered. Our directors may exercise all the powers of our company to raise or borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and assets (present and future) and uncalled capital or any part thereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock, bonds and other securities, whether outright or as collateral security for any debt, liability or obligation of our company or of any third party. None of our non-executive directors has a service contract with us that provides for benefits upon termination of service.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">106</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Committees of the Board of Directors</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have established three committees under the board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of the three committees. Each committee&#8217;s members and functions are described below.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Audit Committee. </i>Our audit committee consists of Mr. Changqing Ye, Mr. John Jinshu Zhang and Mr. Mei-Wei Cheng. Mr. Changqing Ye is the chairman of our audit committee. We have determined that Mr. Changqing Ye, Mr. John Jinshu Zhang and Mr. Mei-Wei Cheng satisfy the &#8220;independence&#8221; requirements of Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. We have determined that Mr. Changqing Ye qualifies as an &#8220;audit committee financial expert.&#8221; The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">appointing the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management&#8217;s response;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our accounting and internal control policies and procedures and any steps taken to monitor and control major financial risk&#160;exposures;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors;&#160;and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Compensation Committee.</i>&#160; Our compensation committee consists of Mr.&#160;John Jinshu Zhang and Mr.&#160;Julian Juul Wolhardt. Mr.&#160;John Jinshu Zhang is the chairman of our compensation committee. We have determined that Mr. John Jinshu Zhang and Mr.&#160;Julian Juul Wolhardt satisfy the &#8220;independence&#8221; requirements of Rule&#160;5605 of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. The compensation committee assists the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other&#160;things:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and approving, or recommending to the board for its approval, the compensation for our chief executive officer and other executive officers;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing and recommending to the board for determination with respect to the compensation of our non-employee directors;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing periodically and approving any incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements;&#160;and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">selecting compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser only after taking into consideration all factors relevant to that person&#8217;s independence from management.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. </i>Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Mr. John Jinshu Zhang, Mr. Changqing Ye and Mr. Mei-Wei Cheng. Mr. John Jinshu Zhang is the chairperson of our nominating and corporate governance committee. We have determined that Mr. John Jinshu Zhang, Mr. Changqing Ye and Mr. Mei-Wei Cheng satisfy the &#8220;independence&#8221; requirements of Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. The nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees. The nominating and corporate governance committee will be responsible for, among other things:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">selecting and recommending to the board nominees for election by the shareholders or appointment by the&#160;board;</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">107</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">reviewing annually with the board the current composition of the board with regards to characteristics such as independence, knowledge, skills, experience and&#160;diversity;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">making recommendations on the frequency and structure of board meetings and monitoring the functioning of the committees of the board;&#160;and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">advising the board periodically with regards to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to the board on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be&#160;taken.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Duties of Directors</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under Cayman Islands law, our directors owe fiduciary duties to our company, including a duty of loyalty, a duty to act honestly and a duty to act in what they consider in good faith to be in our best interests. Our directors must also exercise their powers only for a proper purpose. Our directors also have a duty to exercise skills they actually possess and such care and diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth Courts have moved toward an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and the class rights vested thereunder in the holders of the shares. In certain limited exceptional circumstances, a shareholder may have the right to seek damages in our name if a duty owed by our directors is&#160;breached.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our board of directors has all the powers necessary for managing, and for directing and supervising, our business affairs. The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among&#160;others:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">convening shareholders&#8217; annual and extraordinary general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such&#160;meetings;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">declaring dividends and distributions;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">exercising the borrowing powers of our company and mortgaging the property of our company;&#160;and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">approving the transfer of shares in our company, including the registration of such shares in our share&#160;register.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Terms of Directors and Officers</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our directors may be appointed by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Alternatively, our board of directors may, by the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the directors present and voting at a board meeting appoint any person as a director to fill a casual vacancy on our board or as an addition to the existing board. Our directors may be appointed on terms that the Director shall automatically retire from office (unless he has sooner vacated office) at the next or a subsequent annual general meeting or upon any specified event or after any specified period in a written agreement between our company and the Director, if any; but no such term shall be implied in the absence of express provision and our Directors hold office until such time as they are removed from office by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders (or where they have sooner vacated office). In addition, a director will cease to be a director if he (i) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; (ii) dies or is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing; (iv) without special leave of absence from our board, is absent from meetings of our board for three consecutive meetings and our board resolves that his office be vacated; or (v) is removed from office pursuant to any other provision of our articles of association.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors, and may be removed by our board of directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">108</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Under these agreements, each of our executive officers is employed for a specified time period. We may terminate employment for cause, at any time, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as continued failure to satisfactorily perform, willful misconduct or gross negligence in the performance of agreed duties, conviction or entry of a guilty or nolo contendere plea of any felony or any misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, or dishonest act that results in material to our detriment or material of the employment agreement. We may also terminate an executive officer&#8217;s employment without cause upon 60-day advance written notice. In such case of termination by us, we will provide severance payments to the executive officer as may be agreed between the executive officer and us. The executive officer may resign at any time with a 60-day advance written&#160;notice.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Each executive officer has agreed to hold, both during and after the termination or expiry of his or her employment agreement, in strict confidence and not to use, except as required in the performance of his or her duties in connection with the employment or pursuant to applicable law, any of our confidential information or trade secrets, any confidential information or trade secrets of our clients or prospective clients, or the confidential or proprietary information of any third party received by us and for which we have confidential obligations. The executive officers have also agreed to disclose in confidence to us all inventions, designs and trade secrets which they conceive, develop or reduce to practice during the executive officer&#8217;s employment with us and to assign all right, title and interest in them to us, and assist us in obtaining and enforcing patents, copyrights and other legal rights for these inventions, designs and trade&#160;secrets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, each executive officer has agreed to be bound by non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions during the term of his or her employment and typically for one year following the last date of employment. Specifically, each executive officer has agreed not to (i)&#160;solicit from any customer doing business with us during the effective term of the employment agreement business of the same or of a similar nature to our business; (ii)&#160;solicit from any of our known potential customer business of the same or of a similar nature to that which has been the subject of our known written or oral bid, offer or proposal, or of substantial preparation with a view to making such a bid, proposal or offer; (iii)&#160;solicit the employment or services of, or hire or engage, any person who is known to be employed or engaged by us; or (iv)&#160;otherwise interfere with our business or accounts, including, but not limited to, with respect to any relationship or agreement between any vendor or supplier and us.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have also entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. Under these agreements, we agree to indemnify our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by reason of their being a director or officer of our company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Board Diversity Matrix</b></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:49.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:100%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Board Diversity Matrix (As of February 29, 2024)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Country of Principal Executive Offices</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:49.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">PRC</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Foreign Private Issuer</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:49.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Yes</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.16%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Disclosure Prohibited Under Home Country Law</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:49.17%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">No</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total Number of Directors</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:49.17%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">6</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Did&#160;Not</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Non-</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;Disclose</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Female</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Male</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Binary</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gender</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Part I: Gender Identity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Directors</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">5</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">N/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">N/A</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Part II: Demographic Background</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Underrepresented Individual in Home Country Jurisdiction</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">0</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">LGBTQ+</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">0</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Did Not Disclose Demographic Background</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">0</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">109</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:none;">D.</b></span><b style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:none;">Employees</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, we had 550 full-time employees. We had a total of 702 employees as of December 31, 2021 and 641 employees as of December 31, 2022. The following table sets forth the numbers of our employees categorized by function as of December 31, 2023.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:78.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:78.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%&#160;of&#160;Total</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:78.31%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Function</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Employees</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:78.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Sales and marketing</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 220</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 40.0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:78.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Research and Development</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 162</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 29.5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:78.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supply chain management and general administration</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 168</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 30.5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:78.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Total number of employees</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 550</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.36%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 100.0</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A substantial majority of the personnel in our manufacturing facility, mainly the personnel working on the assembly and production lines, are outsourced from third parties, and are not our employees.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our success depends on our ability to attract, retain and motivate qualified employees that share our values and vision. We offer employees competitive salaries, which are potentially adjusted twice a year based on the employee&#8217;s performance. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the regulations of mainland China, we are required to participate in and make contributions to housing funds and various employee social security plans that are organized by applicable local municipal and provincial governments, including pension, medical, work-related injury and unemployment benefit plans. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212; D. Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by the regulations of mainland China may subject us to penalties.&#8221;</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">E.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Share Ownership</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Except as specifically noted, the following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of February 29, 2024 by:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">each of our directors and executive officers; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">each of our principal shareholders who beneficially own more than 5% of our total outstanding shares on an as-converted basis.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The calculations in the table below are based on 155,196,912 ordinary shares, consisting of 138,654,892 Class A ordinary shares and 16,542,020 Class B ordinary shares, as of February 29, 2024.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">110</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:13.8pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules&#160;and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60&#160;days, including through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right or the conversion of any other security. These shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other&#160;person.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:46.59%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ordinary&#160;Shares Beneficially Owned</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%&#160;of</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Class&#160;A</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Class&#160;B</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">aggregate</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ordinary</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ordinary</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ordinary</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">voting</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">power</b><sup style="font-size:6pt;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">***</sup></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Directors and Executive Officers**:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yan Li<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 830,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,615,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4.8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13.3</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Fion Wenjuan Zhou</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Changqing Ye</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Mei-Wei Cheng</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Julian Juul Wolhardt</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">John Jinshu Zhang</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 984,600</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6,615,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 4.9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 13.4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Principal Shareholders:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Glory Achievement Fund Limited<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 49,321,935</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 31.8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 24.1</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Niu Holding Inc.<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(3)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> &#8212;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 9,927,020</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 6.4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 19.4</span></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">*&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Less than 1% of our total ordinary shares outstanding as of February 29, 2024.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:18pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">**&#160;&#160;&#160;The business address of Yan Li, and Fion Wenjuan Zhou is No.1 Building, No. 195 Huilongguan East Road, Changping District, Beijing 102208, People&#8217;s Republic of China. The business address of Mr. Changqing Ye is Flat B, 36/F, Harbour Green, 8 Sham Mong Road, Tai Kok Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The business address of Mr. Mei-Wei Cheng is 1202 Building 10, Green Court, 777 Biyun Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201206, People&#8217;s Republic of China. The business address of Mr. Julian Juul Wolhardt is 21F, York House, The Landmark, 15 Queen&#8217;s Road Central, Hong Kong. The business address of Mr. John Jinshu Zhang is 749 Via del Monte, Palos Verdes Estates, California 90274, the United States of America.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:18pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">***&#160;&#160;For each person or group included in this column, percentage of total voting power represents voting power based on both Class&#160;A and Class&#160;B ordinary shares held by such person or group with respect to all outstanding shares of our Class&#160;A and Class&#160;B ordinary shares as a single class. Each holder of our Class&#160;A ordinary shares is entitled to one vote per share. Each holder of our Class&#160;B ordinary shares is entitled to four votes per share. Our Class&#160;B ordinary shares are convertible at any time by the holder into Class&#160;A ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';">(1).</span></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';">Represents (i) 210,000 Class A ordinary shares held in the form of ADSs held by Dr. Yan Li in the brokerage account of the administrator of our employee stock option program, (ii) 620,000 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable to Dr. Yan Li upon exercise of share options within 60 days of February&#160;29, 2024, and (iii) 6,615,000 Class B ordinary shares held by ELLY Holdings Limited, a BVI business company. ELLY Holdings Limited is wholly owned by Dr. Yan Li. The registered address of ELLY Holdings Limited is Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickhams Cay II, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands VG1110.</span></p></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';">(2).</span></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';">Represents 49,321,935 Class A ordinary shares held by Glory Achievement Fund Limited, a Cayman Islands company. Glory Achievement Fund Limited is wholly owned by Bull Group Limited, a Cayman Islands company. Bull Group Limited is wholly owned by BULL TRUST, which has Mr. Yi&#8217;nan Li as the beneficiary and is administered by an independent trustee and initially by three individual protectors unrelated to Mr. Li. Any decision making with respect to the voting or disposal of the shares held by Glory Achievement Fund Limited in the Issuer or other dealings in the Issuer&#8217;s securities is subject to approval by the protectors. Mr. Yi&#8217;nan Li will be able to replace the protectors with persons appointed by himself in August 2028 or when the trust beneficially owns, through Glory Achievement Fund Limited or otherwise, no more than 10% of the outstanding shares of the Issuer on an as-converted basis. The registered address of Glory Achievement Fund Limited is P.O. Box 2075, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-1105, Cayman Islands. The following information is based on the Schedule 13D filed by Glory Achievement Fund Limited, among others, on December 7, 2023. The above information is based on the Schedule&#160;13G jointly filed by (i) Glory Achievement Fund Limited, (ii) Bull Group Limited and (iii) BULL TRUST on December 7, 2023, and assumes that Glory Achievement Fund Limited&#8217;s shareholding has not change since December 7, 2023. </span></p></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;">(3).</span></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;">Represents 9,927,020 Class B ordinary shares held by Niu Holding Inc., a BVI business company, which is 82.7% owned by LUCK GENIE HOLDINGS LIMITED, a BVI business company, and 17.3% owned by WEALTH ERUPT HOLDINGS LIMITED, a BVI business company. LUCK GENIE HOLDINGS LIMITED is wholly owned by Legend Champ Investment Limited, a BVI business company. Legend Champ Investment Limited is wholly owned by Token Who Cares Trust. The settlor and beneficiary of Token Who Cares Trust is Mr. Token Yilin Hu, our former director and vice president. WEALTH ERUPT HOLDINGS LIMITED is beneficially owned by Mr. Carl Chuankai Liu. The registered address of Niu Holding Inc. is Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickhams Cay II, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands VG1110. The above information is based on the Schedule&#160;13G/A jointly filed by (i) Niu Holding Inc., (ii) LUCK GENIE HOLDINGS LIMITED, (iii) Legend Champ Investment Limited, (iv) Token Who Cares Trust and (v) Token Yilin Hu on February 9, 2023, and assumes that Niu Holding Inc.&#8217;s shareholding has not changed since December 31, 2022.</span></p></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">111</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">To our knowledge, as of February 29, 2024, a total of 101,545,280 Class A ordinary shares were held by three record holders in the United States, representing approximately 65.4% of our total outstanding shares on an as-converted basis. One of these record holders is Citibank, N.A., the depositary of our ADS program. None of our outstanding Class B ordinary shares were held by record holders in the United States as of February 29, 2024. The number of beneficial owners of our ADSs in the United States is likely to be much larger than the number of record holders of our ordinary shares in the United States. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Holders of Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares are entitled to four votes per share. Holders of Class A and Class B ordinary shares vote together as one class on all matters subject to a shareholders&#8217; vote. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstance. See &#8220;Item 10.B. Additional Information&#8212;Memorandum and Articles of Association&#8221; for a more detailed description of our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares.</p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;font-weight:bold;min-width:36pt;white-space:nowrap;">F.</span><b style="font-weight:bold;">Disclosure of Registrant&#8217;s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation</b></div><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><a id="_ec2bdbd6_b5ca_4f95_aa85_b8bb38206ed7"></a><a id="Item7MajorShareholdersandRelatedPartyTra"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 7.</b></span>Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">A.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Major Shareholders</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Please refer to &#8220;Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees&#8212; E. Share Ownership.&#8221;</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">B.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Related Party Transactions</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and Its Shareholders</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;C. Organizational Structure&#8212;Contractual Arrangements with the VIE.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees&#8212;B. Compensation.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Share Options and Restricted Shares&#160;Grants</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Please refer to &#8220;Item&#160;6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees&#8212; B. Compensation.&#8221;</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">C.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Interests of Experts and Counsel</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><a id="_cd8326f2_5917_43e8_9550_1027f1e1d17a"></a><a id="Item8FinancialInformation_387042"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 8.</b></span> Financial Information</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">A.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Legal Proceedings</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">We are currently not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings. We may from time to time be subject to various legal or administrative claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Litigation or any other legal or administrative proceeding, regardless of the outcome, is likely to result in substantial cost and diversion of our resources, including our management&#8217;s time and attention.</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">112</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Dividend Policy</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our board of directors has discretion on whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors. In either case, all dividends are subject to certain restrictions under Cayman Islands law, namely that our company may only pay dividends out of profits or share premium, and always that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if we decide to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the board of directors may deem&#160;relevant.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our company is a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We may rely on dividends from our subsidiaries in mainland China for our cash requirements, including any payment of dividends to our shareholders. Regulations of mainland China may restrict the ability of our mainland China subsidiaries to pay dividends to us. See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8212;Regulations Relating to Dividend Distribution.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If we pay any dividends on our ordinary shares, we will pay those dividends which are payable in respect of the Class&#160;A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs to the depositary, as the registered holder of such Class&#160;A ordinary shares, and the depositary then will pay such amounts to the ADS holders in proportion to the Class&#160;A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs held by such ADS holders, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S.&#160;dollars.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">B.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Significant Changes</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Except as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_62200fbd_d91e_44b8_8b37_6244e6559fb7"></a><a id="Item9TheOfferandListing_993881"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 9.</b></span>The Offer and Listing</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">A.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Offering and Listing Details</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our ADSs, each representing two Class&#160;A ordinary shares, have been listed on The Nasdaq Global Market since October&#160;19, 2018 under the symbol &#8220;NIU.&#8221;</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">B.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Plan of Distribution</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">C.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Markets</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The ADSs have been listed on the Nasdaq Global Market since October 19, 2018 under the symbol &#8220;NIU.&#8221;</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">D.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Selling Shareholders</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">E.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Dilution</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">F.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Expenses of the Issue</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">113</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_a6e8a1f1_184c_4083_8370_3da9b3b15d66"></a><a id="Item10AdditionalInformation_639841"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Item 10. Additional Information</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">A.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Share Capital</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">B.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Memorandum and Articles of Association</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following are summaries of material provisions of our currently effective sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as well as the Companies Act (As Revised) insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares. The information set forth in Exhibits 2.5 and 2.6 to this annual report on Form 20-F is incorporated herein by reference.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Registered Office and Objects</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of Maples Corporate Services Limited at PO Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands. The objects for which our company is established are unrestricted and we have the full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the laws of the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Board of Directors</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item&#160;6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees&#8212; C. Board Practices&#8212;Board of Directors.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Ordinary Shares</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Ordinary Shares.</i>&#160; Our ordinary shares are divided into Class&#160;A ordinary shares and Class&#160;B ordinary shares. Holders of our Class&#160;A ordinary shares and Class&#160;B ordinary shares will have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. Each Class&#160;A ordinary share shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote on all matters subject to vote at our general meetings, and each Class&#160;B ordinary share shall entitle the holder thereof to four votes on all matters subject to vote at our general meetings. Our ordinary shares are issued in registered form and are issued when registered in our register of members. We may not issue shares to bearer. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Conversion.</i>&#160; Each Class&#160;B ordinary share is convertible into one Class&#160;A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof. Class&#160;A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class&#160;B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Any number of Class&#160;B ordinary shares held by a holder thereof will be automatically and immediately converted into an equal number of Class&#160;A ordinary shares upon the occurrence of (i)&#160;any direct or indirect sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of such number of Class&#160;B ordinary shares by the holder thereof or the direct or indirect transfer or assignment of the voting power attached to such number of Class&#160;B ordinary shares through voting proxy or otherwise to any person that is not an affiliate of such holder or (ii)&#160;the direct or indirect sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of a majority of the issued and outstanding voting securities of, or the direct or indirect transfer or assignment of the voting power attached to such voting securities through voting proxy or otherwise, or the direct or indirect sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of, a holder of Class&#160;B ordinary shares that is an entity to any person that is not an affiliate of such holder.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Dividends.</i>&#160; Our directors may from time to time declare dividends (including interim dividends) and other distributions on our shares in issue and authorize payment of the same out of the funds of our company lawfully available therefor. In addition, our shareholders may declare dividends by ordinary resolution, but no dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Our memorandum and articles of association provide that dividends may be declared and paid out of the funds of our company lawfully available therefor. Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, our company may pay a dividend out of either profits or share premium account; provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of&#160;business.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Voting Rights.</i>&#160; Holders of our Class&#160;A ordinary shares and our Class&#160;B ordinary shares shall, at all times, vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote by our shareholders at any general meeting of our company. Each Class&#160;A ordinary share shall be entitled to one vote, and each Class&#160;B ordinary share shall be entitled to four votes, on all matters subject to a vote at general meetings of our company. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by show of hands unless a poll (before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands) is demanded. A poll may be demanded by the chairman of such meeting or any one shareholder holding not less than 10% of the votes attaching to the shares present in person or by proxy.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">114</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast at a meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes cast attaching to the issued and outstanding ordinary shares at a meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of name or making changes to our memorandum and articles of association. Our shareholders may, among other things, divide or combine their shares by ordinary resolution.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">General Meetings of Shareholders.</i>&#160; As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by the Companies Act to call shareholders&#8217; annual general meetings. Our memorandum and articles of association provide that we may (but&#160;are not obliged to) in each year hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting in which case we shall specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it, and the annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by our&#160;directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Shareholders&#8217; general meetings may be convened by the chairman of our board of directors or by our directors (acting by a resolution of our board). Advance notice of at least seven calendar days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders&#8217; meeting (if&#160;any) and any other general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for any general meeting of shareholders consists of, at the time when the meeting proceeds to business, one or more of our shareholders holding shares which carry in aggregate (or representing by proxy) not less than one-third of all votes attaching to all of our shares in issue and entitled to vote at such general meeting.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company&#8217;s articles of association. Our memorandum and articles of association provide that upon the requisition of any one or more of our shareholders holding shares which carry in aggregate not less than one-third of all votes attaching to all issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings, our board will convene an extraordinary general meeting and put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. However, our memorandum and articles of association do not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Transfer of Ordinary Shares.</i>&#160; Subject to the restrictions set out below, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved by our board of&#160;directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share&#160;unless:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the&#160;transfer;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of ordinary shares;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the ordinary share is to be transferred does not exceed four;&#160;and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a fee of such maximum sum as the Nasdaq Global Market may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as our directors may from time to time require is paid to us in respect thereof.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such&#160;refusal.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The registration of transfers may, on ten calendar days&#8217; notice being given by advertisement in such one or more newspapers, by electronic means or by any other means in accordance with the rules&#160;of the Nasdaq Global Market be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may from time to time determine; provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30&#160;days in any year as our board may&#160;determine.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">115</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Liquidation.</i>&#160; On the winding up of our company, if the assets available for distribution amongst our shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to our company for unpaid calls or otherwise. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, such the assets will be distributed so that, as nearly as may be, the losses are home by our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by&#160;them.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares.</i>&#160; Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14&#160;days prior to the specified time and place of payment. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to&#160;forfeiture.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Shares.&#160;</i>We<i style="font-style:italic;"> </i>may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders of these shares, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined, before the issue of such shares, by our board of directors or by our shareholders by special resolution. Our company may also repurchase any of our shares on such terms and in such manner as have been approved by our board of directors or by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company&#8217;s profits or out of the proceeds of a new issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if our company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a)&#160;unless it is fully paid up, (b)&#160;if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding or (c)&#160;if the company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Variations of Rights of Shares.</i>&#160; Whenever the capital of our company is divided into different classes the rights attached to any such class may, subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any class, only be materially adversely varied with the consent in writing of the holders of all of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of an ordinary resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall not, subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to the shares of that class, be deemed to be materially adversely varied by the creation, allotment or issue of further shares ranking <i style="font-style:italic;">pari passu</i> with or subsequent to them or the redemption or purchase of any shares of any class by our company. The rights of the holders of shares shall not be deemed to be materially adversely varied by the creation or issue of shares with preferred or other rights including, without limitation, the creation of shares with enhanced or weighted voting rights.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Issuance of Additional Shares.</i>&#160; Our memorandum of association authorizes our board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our memorandum of association also authorizes our board of directors to establish from time to time one or more series of preference shares and to determine, with respect to any series of preference shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the designation of the series;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the number of shares of the series;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our board of directors may issue preference shares without action by our shareholders to the extent authorized but unissued. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Inspection of Books and Records. </i>Holders of our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records (save for our memorandum and articles of association, our register of mortgages and charges and special resolutions of our shareholders). However, we intend to provide our shareholders with our annual audited financial statements.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">116</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Anti-Takeover Provisions.</i>&#160; Some provisions of our memorandum and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions&#160;that:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders;&#160;and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our memorandum and articles of association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our&#160;company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Exempted Company.</i> We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of&#160;Companies;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">is not required to open its register of members for inspection;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">does not have to hold an annual general meeting;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">may issue shares with no par value;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are given for up to 30 years);</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman&#160;Islands;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">may register as a limited duration company; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">may register as a segregated portfolio company.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">&#8220;Limited liability&#8221; means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Differences in Corporate Law</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Companies Act (As Revised) is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent United Kingdom statutory enactments, and accordingly there are significant differences between the Companies Act (As Revised) and the current Companies Act of England.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, the Companies Act (As Revised) differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of certain significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act (As Revised) applicable to us and the laws applicable to United States corporations and companies incorporated in the State of Delaware.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Mergers and Similar Arrangements</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Companies Act (As Revised) permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (1) &#8220;merger&#8221; means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company and (2) a &#8220;consolidation&#8221; means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies in the consolidated company.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">117</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (1) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (2) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company&#8217;s articles of association. The written plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Dissenting shareholders have the right to be paid the fair value of their shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) if they follow the required procedures, subject to certain exceptions. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose a company is a &#8220;parent&#8221; of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least 90% of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation, provide the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act (As Revised) also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement, provided that the arrangement is approved by (a) 75% in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, as the case may be, or (b) a majority in number representing 75% in value of the creditors or each class of creditors, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made, that are, in each case, present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the Grand Court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Companies Act (As Revised) also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the &#8220;squeeze out&#8221; of dissentient minority shareholder upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If an arrangement and reconstruction by way of scheme of arrangement is thus approved, the dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">118</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Shareholders&#8217; Suits</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company, and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands court can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto) so that a non-controlling shareholder may be permitted to commence a class action against or derivative actions in the name of our company to challenge actions where:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">an act which is ultra vires or illegal and is therefore incapable of ratification by the shareholders;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">an act which constitute a fraud against the minority where the wrongdoer are themselves in control of the company. </span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company&#8217;s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our memorandum and articles of association permit indemnification of officers and directors for losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in their capacities as such unless such losses or damages arise from dishonesty or fraud of such directors or officers. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our memorandum and articles of association.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Directors&#8217; Fiduciary Duties</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He or she must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he or she owes the following duties to the company:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a duty to act in good faith in the best interests of the company,</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a duty not to make a personal profit based on his or her position as director (unless the company permits him or her to do so),</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">119</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a duty not to put himself or herself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his or her personal interest or his or her duty to a third party, and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty of care, diligence and skill. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his or her duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his or her knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Shareholder Action by Written Consent</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our currently effective memorandum and articles of association provide that our shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of all shareholders who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Shareholder Proposals</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Companies Act (As Revised) does not provide shareholders with an express right to put forth any proposal before a general meeting of the shareholders. However, the Companies Act (As Revised) may provide shareholders with limited rights to requisition a general meeting but such rights must be stipulated in the articles of association of the company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Any one or more shareholders holding not less than one-tenth of the voting rights on a one vote per share basis, in the share capital of the company at the date of deposit of the requisition shall at all times have the right, by written requisition to the board of directors or the secretary of the company, to require an extraordinary general meeting to be called by the board of directors for the transaction of any business specified in such requisition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Cumulative Voting</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for election of directors is not permitted unless the corporation&#8217;s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder&#8217;s voting power with respect to electing such director.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">There are no prohibitions relating to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands, but our memorandum and articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Removal of Directors</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our memorandum and articles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders at any time before the expiration of his term of office notwithstanding anything in our memorandum and articles of association or in any agreement between our company and such director (but without prejudice to any claim for damages under any such agreement).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">120</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Transactions with Interested Shareholders</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an &#8220;interested shareholder&#8221; for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target&#8217;s outstanding voting shares within the past three years.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">This statute has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target&#8217;s board of directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and for a proper purpose and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Restructuring</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A company may present a petition to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for the appointment of a restructuring officer on the grounds that the company:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;">(a)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;">is or is likely to become unable to pay its debts; and</p></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;">(b)</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:justify;">intends to present a compromise or arrangement to its creditors (or classes thereof) either pursuant to the Companies Act, the law of a foreign country or by way of a consensual restructuring.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Grand Court may, among other things, make an order appointing a restructuring officer upon hearing of such petition, with such powers and to carry out such functions as the court may order. At any time (i) after the presentation of a petition for the appointment of a restructuring officer but before an order for the appointment of a restructuring officer has been made, and (ii) when an order for the appointment of a restructuring officer is made, until such order has been discharged, no suit, action or other proceedings (other than criminal proceedings) shall be proceeded with or commenced against the company, no resolution to wind up the company shall be passed, and no winding up petition may be presented against the company, except with the leave of the court. However, notwithstanding the presentation of a petition for the appointment of a restructuring officer or the appointment of a restructuring officer, a creditor who has security over the whole or part of the assets of the company is entitled to enforce the security without the leave of the court and without reference to the restructuring officer appointed.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Dissolution; Winding Up</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation&#8217;s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">121</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Variation of Rights of Shares</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law and our memorandum and articles of association, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class with the sanction of a special resolution passed by a majority of not less than three-fourths of the votes cast at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Amendment of Governing Documents</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation&#8217;s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under Cayman Islands law, our memorandum and articles of association may only be amended with a special resolution of our shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">There are no limitations imposed by our memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In addition, there are no provisions in our memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Inspection of Books and Records</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation&#8217;s stock ledger, list of shareholders and other books and records.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of association, the register of mortgages and charges and any special resolutions passed by our shareholders) or obtain copies of the list of shareholders of these companies. Under Cayman Islands law, the names of our current directors can be obtained from a search conducted at the Registrar of Companies. However, we intend to provide our shareholders with annual reports containing audited financial statements.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">C.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"> </span><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Material Contracts</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company,&#8221; &#8220;Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions&#8212;B. Related Party Transactions,&#8221; or elsewhere in this annual report on Form&#160;20-F.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">D.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Exchange Controls</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Regulations&#8212;Regulations Relating to Foreign Exchange.&#8221;</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">E.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Taxation</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following summary of the material Cayman Islands, mainland China and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the ADSs or ordinary shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this registration statement, all of which are subject to change. This summary does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in the ADSs or ordinary shares, such as the tax consequences under U.S. state and local tax laws or under the tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Cayman Islands, mainland China and the United States.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">122</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands Taxation</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our ordinary shares and ADSs will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our ordinary shares or the ADSs, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our ordinary shares or the ADSs be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation&#160;tax.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Mainland China Taxation</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of mainland China with a &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; within mainland China is considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its global income. The implementation rules define the term &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; as the body that exercises full and substantial control over and overall management of the business, production, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In April 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular, known as Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; of a mainland China-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in mainland China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by mainland China enterprises or mainland China enterprise groups, not those controlled by mainland China individuals or foreigners, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the State Administration of Taxation&#8217;s general position on how the &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a mainland China enterprise or a mainland China enterprise group will be regarded as a mainland China tax resident by virtue of having its &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; in mainland China only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in mainland China; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise&#8217;s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in mainland China; (iii) the enterprise&#8217;s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals and board and shareholder resolutions are located or maintained in mainland China; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in mainland China.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We believe that Niu Technologies is not a mainland China resident enterprise for mainland China tax purposes. Niu Technologies is not controlled by a mainland China enterprise or mainland China enterprise group and we do not believe that Niu Technologies meets all of the conditions above. Niu Technologies is a company incorporated outside of mainland China. As a holding company, its key assets are its ownership interests in its subsidiaries, and its key assets are located, and its records (including the resolutions of its board of directors and the resolutions of its shareholders) are maintained, outside of mainland China. For the same reasons, we believe our other entities outside of mainland China are not mainland China resident enterprises either. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term &#8220;de facto management body.&#8221; There can be no assurance that the PRC government will ultimately take a view that is consistent with us.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If the PRC tax authorities determine that Niu Technologies is a mainland China resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, we may be required to withhold a 10% withholding tax from dividends we pay to our shareholders that are non-resident enterprises, including the holders of the ADSs. In addition, non-resident enterprise shareholders (including the ADS holders) may be subject to a 10% mainland China tax on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within mainland China. It is unclear whether our non-mainland China individual shareholders (including the ADS holders) would be subject to any mainland China tax on dividends or gains obtained by such non-mainland China individual shareholders in the event we are determined to be a mainland China resident enterprise. If any mainland China tax were to apply to such dividends or gains, it would generally apply at a rate of 20% unless a reduced rate is available under an applicable tax treaty. It is also unclear whether non-mainland China shareholders of Niu Technologies would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and mainland China in the event that Niu Technologies is treated as a mainland China resident enterprise.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">123</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Provided that our Cayman Islands holding company, Niu Technologies, is not deemed to be a mainland China resident enterprise, holders of the ADSs and ordinary shares who are not mainland China residents will not be subject to mainland China income tax on dividends distributed by us or gains realized from the sale or other disposition of our shares or ADSs. However, under SAT Public Notice 7 and SAT Bulletin 37, where a non-resident enterprise conducts an &#8220;indirect transfer&#8221; by transferring taxable assets, including, in particular, equity interests in a mainland China resident enterprise, indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, or the transferee or the mainland China entity which directly owned such taxable assets may report to the tax authority such indirect transfer. Using a &#8220;substance over form&#8221; principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring mainland China tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to mainland China enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a mainland China resident enterprise. We and our non-mainland China resident investors may be at risk of being required to file a return and being taxed under SAT Public Notice 7 and SAT Bulletin 37, and we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with SAT Public Notice 7 and SAT Bulletin 37, or to establish that we should not be taxed under these circulars. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212; D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Doing Business in China&#8212;We face uncertainty with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in mainland China resident enterprises by their non-mainland China holding companies.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">United&#160;States Federal Income Tax Considerations</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The following discussion is a summary of U.S.&#160;federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the ownership and disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares by a U.S.&#160;Holder (as&#160;defined below) that holds the ADSs or ordinary shares as &#8220;capital assets&#8221;(generally, property held for investment) under the U.S.&#160;Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based upon existing U.S.&#160;federal tax law, which is subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. There can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position. This discussion, moreover, does not address the U.S.&#160;federal estate, gift, Medicare and minimum tax considerations, or any state, local and non-U.S.&#160;tax considerations, relating to the ownership or disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares. The following summary does not address all aspects of U.S.&#160;federal income taxation that may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances or to persons in special tax situations such&#160;as:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">banks and other financial institutions;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">insurance companies;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">pension plans;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">cooperatives;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">regulated investment companies;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">real estate investment trusts;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">broker-dealers;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">traders that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">certain former U.S.&#160;citizens or long-term residents;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">tax-exempt entities (including private foundations);</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">holders who acquire their ADSs or ordinary shares pursuant to any employee share option or otherwise as compensation;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">investors that will hold their ADSs or ordinary shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction for U.S.&#160;federal income tax&#160;purposes;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">investors that have a functional currency other than the U.S.&#160;dollar;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our stock (by&#160;vote or&#160;value); or</span></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">124</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">partnerships or other entities taxable as partnerships for U.S.&#160;federal income tax purposes, or persons holding the ADSs or ordinary shares through such&#160;entities.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">all of whom may be subject to tax rules&#160;that differ significantly from those discussed below.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Each U.S.&#160;Holder is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the application of U.S.&#160;federal taxation to its particular circumstances, and the state, local, non-U.S. and other tax considerations of the ownership and disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">General</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For purposes of this discussion, a &#8220;U.S.&#160;Holder&#8221; is a beneficial owner of the ADSs or ordinary shares that is, for U.S.&#160;federal income tax&#160;purposes:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United&#160;States;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a corporation (or&#160;other entity treated as a corporation for U.S.&#160;federal income tax purposes) created in or organized under the law of the United&#160;States or any state thereof or the District of&#160;Columbia;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S.&#160;federal income tax purposes regardless of its source;&#160;or</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">a trust (A)&#160;the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S.&#160;court and which has one or more U.S.&#160;persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B)&#160;that has otherwise validly elected to be treated as a U.S.&#160;person under the&#160;Code.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If a partnership (or&#160;other entity treated as a partnership for U.S.&#160;federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the ADSs or ordinary shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding the ADSs or ordinary shares and their partners are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding an investment in the ADSs or ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For U.S.&#160;federal income tax purposes, a U.S.&#160;Holder of ADSs will generally be treated as the beneficial owner of the underlying shares represented by the ADSs. The remainder of this discussion assumes that a U.S.&#160;Holder of the ADSs will be treated in this manner. Accordingly, deposits or withdrawals of ordinary shares for ADSs will generally not be subject to U.S.&#160;federal income&#160;tax.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A non-U.S. corporation, such as our company, will be classified as a PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, if either (i) 75% or more of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of &#8220;passive&#8221; income or (ii) 50% or more of the value of its assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose, cash and assets readily convertible into cash are categorized as a passive asset and the company&#8217;s goodwill and other unbooked intangibles are taken into account. Passive income generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, rents, royalties and gains from the disposition of passive assets. We will be treated as owning a proportionate share of the assets and earning a proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Although the law in this regard is not entirely clear, we treat the VIE and its subsidiaries as being owned by us for U.S. federal income tax purposes because we conduct the business operations of the VIE and are entitled to substantially all of the economic benefits associated with it. As a result, we consolidate its result of operations in our consolidated U.S. GAAP financial statements. If it were determined, however, that we are not the owner of the VIE for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may be treated as a PFIC for the current taxable year and any subsequent taxable year.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">125</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Assuming that we are the owner of the VIE and its subsidiaries for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and based upon our current and projected income and assets, we do not believe we were a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2023 and we do not presently expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year or the foreseeable future. While we do not expect to be or become a PFIC, no assurance can be given in this regard because the determination of whether we are or will become a PFIC for any taxable year is a fact-intensive determination made annually that will depend, in part, upon the composition of our income and assets. Fluctuations in the market price of the ADSs may cause us to be or become a PFIC for the current or future taxable years because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test, including the value of our goodwill and unhooked intangibles, may be determined by reference to the market price of the ADSs from time to time (which may be volatile). In estimating the value of our goodwill and other unhooked intangibles, we have taken into account our current market capitalization. If our market capitalization subsequently declines, we may be or become classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year or future taxable years. Furthermore, the composition of our income and assets may also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets. Under circumstances where our revenue from activities that produce passive income significantly increases relative to our revenue from activities that produce non-passive income, or where we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes, our risk of becoming classified as a PFIC may substantially increase.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If we are a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds the ADSs or ordinary shares, we will generally continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which such U.S. Holder holds the ADSs or ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The discussion below under &#8220;&#8212;Dividends&#8221; and &#8220;&#8212;Sale or Other Disposition&#8221; is written on the basis that we will not be or become classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The U.S. federal income tax rules that apply generally if we are treated as a PFIC are discussed below under &#8220;&#8212;Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Dividends</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Any cash distributions paid on the ADSs or ordinary shares (including the amount of any mainland China tax withheld) out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, will generally be includible in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as dividend income on the day actually or constructively received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of ordinary shares, or by the depositary, in the case of ADSs. Because we do not intend to determine our earnings and profits on the basis of U.S. federal income tax principles, any distribution we pay will generally be treated as a &#8220;dividend&#8221; for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received on the ADSs or ordinary shares will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from U.S. corporations.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Individuals and other non-corporate U.S. Holders will be subject to tax at the lower capital gain tax rate applicable to &#8220;qualified dividend income&#8221;; <i style="font-style:italic;">provided</i> that certain conditions are satisfied, including that (i) the ADSs or ordinary shares on which the dividends are paid are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or, in the event that we are deemed to be a mainland China resident enterprise under the mainland China tax law, we are eligible for the benefit of the United States-mainland China income tax treaty, (ii) we are neither a PFIC nor treated as such with respect to a U.S. Holder (as discussed below) for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid and the preceding taxable year, and (iii) certain holding period requirements are met. Our ADSs are considered to be readily tradable on the Nasdaq Global Market, which is an established securities market in the United States. There can be no assurance that the ADSs will continue to be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in later years. Because the ordinary shares will not be listed on a U.S. exchange, we do not believe that dividends received with respect to ordinary shares that are not represented by ADSs will be treated as qualified dividends. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In the event that we are deemed to be a mainland China resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (see &#8220;&#8212;Mainland China Taxation&#8221;), we may be eligible for the benefits of the United States-mainland China income tax treaty. If we are eligible for such benefits, dividends we pay on our ordinary shares, regardless of whether such shares are represented by the ADSs, and regardless of whether the ADSs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, would be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation described in the preceding paragraph.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">126</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For U.S. foreign tax credit purposes, dividends paid on the ADSs or ordinary shares will generally be treated as income from foreign sources and will generally constitute passive category income. In the event that we are deemed to be a mainland China resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, a U.S. Holder may be subject to mainland China withholding taxes on dividends paid on the ADSs or ordinary shares (see &#8220;&#8212;Mainland China Taxation&#8221;). Depending on the U.S. Holder&#8217;s particular facts and circumstances and subject to a number of complex conditions and limitations, mainland China withholding taxes on dividends that are non-refundable under the United States-mainland China income tax treaty may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against a U.S. Holder&#8217;s U.S. federal income tax liability. A U.S. Holder who does not elect to claim a foreign tax credit for foreign tax withheld may instead claim a deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in respect of such withholding, but only for a year in which such holder elects to do so for all creditable foreign income taxes. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex and U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Sale or Other Disposition</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">A U.S. Holder will generally recognize gain or loss upon the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the disposition and the holder&#8217;s adjusted tax basis in such ADSs or ordinary shares. The gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss. Any capital gain or loss will be long term if the ADSs or ordinary shares have been held for more than one year. The deductibility of a capital loss may be subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss that the U.S. Holder recognizes will generally be treated as U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes, which will generally limit the availability of foreign tax credits. However, in the event we are deemed to be a mainland China resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be eligible for the benefits of the United States-mainland China income tax treaty. In such event, if mainland China tax were to be imposed on any gain from the disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares, a U.S. Holder that is eligible for the benefits of the treaty may elect to treat such gain as mainland China source income. Pursuant to Treasury Regulations, however, if a U.S. Holder is not eligible for the benefits of the United States-mainland China income tax treaty or does not elect to apply the treaty, then such holder may not be able to claim a foreign tax credit arising from any mainland China tax imposed on the disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares. Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult its tax advisor regarding the tax consequences if a foreign tax is imposed on a disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares, including the availability of the foreign tax credit or deduction under its particular circumstances, their eligibility for benefits under the treaty and the potential impact of the Treasury Regulations.</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If we are classified as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S.&#160;Holder holds the ADSs or ordinary shares, and unless the U.S.&#160;Holder makes a mark-to-market election (as&#160;described below), the U.S.&#160;Holder will generally be subject to special tax rules&#160;on (i)&#160;any excess distribution that we make to the U.S.&#160;Holder (which generally means any distribution paid during a taxable year to a U.S.&#160;Holder that is greater than 125&#160;percent of the average annual distributions paid in the three preceding taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S.&#160;Holder&#8217;s holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares), and (ii)&#160;any gain realized on the sale or other disposition including, under certain circumstances, a pledge, of ADSs or ordinary shares. Under the PFIC&#160;rules:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S.&#160;Holder&#8217;s holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any taxable years in the U.S.&#160;Holder&#8217;s holding period prior to the first taxable year in which we are classified as a PFIC (each, a &#8220;pre-PFIC year&#8221;) will be taxable as ordinary income;&#160;and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the amount allocated to each prior taxable year, other than a pre-PFIC year, will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, for that year, increased by an additional tax equal to the interest on the resulting tax deemed deferred with respect to each such taxable&#160;year.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S.&#160;Holder holds the ADSs or ordinary shares, and any of our subsidiaries, the VIE or any of the subsidiaries of the VIE entity is also a PFIC, such U.S.&#160;Holder would be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by&#160;value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC for purposes of the application of these rules. U.S.&#160;Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules&#160;to any of our subsidiaries, the VIE or any of the subsidiaries of the&#160;VIE.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">127</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As an alternative to the foregoing rules, a U.S.&#160;Holder of &#8220;marketable stock&#8221; (as&#160;defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election with respect to such stock. If a U.S.&#160;Holder makes this election with respect to the ADSs, the holder will generally (i)&#160;include as ordinary income for each taxable year that we are a PFIC the excess, if any, of the fair market value of ADSs held at the end of the taxable year over the adjusted tax basis of such ADSs and (ii)&#160;deduct as an ordinary loss the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis of the ADSs over the fair market value of such ADSs held at the end of the taxable year, but such deduction will only be allowed to the extent of the amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. The U.S.&#160;Holder&#8217;s adjusted tax basis in the ADSs would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss resulting from the mark-to-market election. If a U.S.&#160;Holder makes a mark-to-market election in respect of the ADSs and we cease to be classified as a PFIC, the holder will not be required to take into account the gain or loss described above during any period that we are not classified as a PFIC. If a U.S.&#160;Holder makes a mark-to-market election, any gain such U.S.&#160;Holder recognizes upon the sale or other disposition of the ADSs in a year when we are a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as ordinary loss, but such loss will only be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The mark-to-market election is available only for &#8220;marketable stock,&#8221; which is stock that is traded in other than <i style="font-style:italic;">de minimis</i> quantities on at least 15&#160;days during each calendar quarter (&#8220;regularly traded&#8221;) on a qualified exchange or other market, as defined in applicable United&#160;States Treasury regulations. Our ADSs are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market, which is an established securities market in the United States. Consequently, if our ADSs continue to be listed on the Nasdaq Global Market and are regularly traded, we expect that the mark-to-market election would be available to a U.S. Holder that holds our ADSs were we to be or become a PFIC. Our ADSs are expected to qualify as being regularly traded, but no assurance may be given in this&#160;regard.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Because a mark-to-market election cannot technically be made for any lower-tier PFICs that we may own, a U.S.&#160;Holder may continue to be subject to the PFIC rules&#160;with respect to such U.S.&#160;Holder&#8217;s indirect interest in any investments held by us that are treated as an equity interest in a PFIC for U.S.&#160;federal income tax&#160;purposes.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We do not intend to provide information necessary for U.S.&#160;Holders to make qualified electing fund elections which, if available, would result in tax treatment different from (and&#160;generally less adverse than) the general tax treatment for PFICs described above.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If a U.S.&#160;Holder owns the ADSs or ordinary shares during any taxable year that we are a PFIC, the holder must generally file an annual IRS Form&#160;8621. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the U.S.&#160;federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the ADSs or ordinary shares if we are or become a&#160;PFIC.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">F.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Dividends and Paying Agents</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">G.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Statement by Experts</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">H.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Documents on Display</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers, and are required to file reports and other information with the SEC. Specifically, we are required to file annually an annual report on Form&#160;20-F within four months after the end of each fiscal year, which is December&#160;31. All information we file with the SEC can be obtained over the internet at the SEC&#8217;s website at www.sec.gov. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules&#160;under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section&#160;16 of the Exchange Act.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We will furnish the Citibank, N.A., the depositary of the ADSs, with our annual reports, which will include a review of operations and annual audited consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, and all notices of shareholders&#8217; meetings and other reports and communications that are made generally available to our shareholders. The depositary will make such notices, reports and communications available to holders of ADSs and, upon our request, will mail to all record holders of ADSs the information contained in any notice of a shareholders&#8217; meeting received by the depositary from us.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In accordance with Nasdaq Stock Market Rule&#160;5250(d), we will post this annual report on Form&#160;20-F on our website at http://ir.niu.com. In addition, we will provide hardcopies of our annual report free of charge to shareholders and ADS holders upon request.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">128</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">I.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Subsidiary Information</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">J.</b></span><b style="font-weight:bold;">Annual Report to Security Holders</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_670d3d83_57c8_4701_84fb_a126ef93c1e6"></a><a id="Item11QuantitativeandQualitativeDisclosu"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 11.</b></span>Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Interest Rate Risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest expenses on our short-term bank borrowings. Our short-term bank borrowing bears interests at fixed rates. We have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in market interest rates. However, our future interest expenses may exceed expectations due to changes in market interest rates. If we were to renew these short-term bank borrowings, we might be subject to interest rate risk.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Foreign Exchange Risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A substantial majority of all of our revenues and expenses are denominated in Renminbi. We do not believe that we currently have any significant direct foreign exchange risk and have not used any derivative financial instruments to hedge exposure to such risk. Although our exposure to foreign exchange risks should be limited in general, the value of your investment in the ADSs will be affected by the exchange rate between U.S. dollar and Renminbi because the value of our business is effectively denominated in Renminbi, while the ADSs will be traded in U.S. dollars. In addition, as our business and operation expand in European and other overseas markets, we are exposed to increased foreign exchange risks for U.S. dollar and other currencies.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The conversion of Renminbi into other currencies, including U.S. dollars, is based on rates set by the People&#8217;s Bank of China. The Renminbi has fluctuated against other currencies, at times significantly and unpredictably. The value of Renminbi against other currencies is affected by changes in China&#8217;s political and economic conditions and by China&#8217;s foreign exchange policies, among other things. It is difficult to predict how market forces or government policies may impact the exchange rate between Renminbi and other currencies in the future.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Any significant depreciation of the Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our revenues, earnings and financial position as reported in U.S. dollars. To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_52671291_8b77_4d65_9b8b_52c9575dc7fe"></a><a id="Item12DescriptionofSecuritiesOtherthanEq"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 12.</b></span>Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">A.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Debt Securities</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">B.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Warrants and Rights</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">C.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Other Securities</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">129</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">D.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">American Depositary Shares</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Fees and Charges Our ADS holders May&#160;Have to Pay</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">An ADS holder will be required to pay the following fees under the terms of the deposit agreement:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:49.01%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Service</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:48.98%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fees</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:49.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Symbol';">&#183;</span> Issuance of ADSs (e.g., an issuance of ADS upon a deposit of Class&#160;A ordinary shares, upon a change in the ADS(s)-to Class&#160;A ordinary share(s)&#160;ratio, or for any other reason), excluding ADS issuances as a result of distributions of Class&#160;A ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:48.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Up to US$0.05 per ADS issued</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:49.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Symbol';">&#183;</span> Cancellation of ADSs (e.g.,&#160;a cancellation of ADSs for delivery of deposited property, upon a change in the ADS(s)-to Class&#160;A ordinary share(s)&#160;ratio, or for any other reason)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:48.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Up to US$0.05 per ADS cancelled</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:49.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Symbol';">&#183;</span> Distribution of cash dividends or other cash distributions (e.g.,&#160;upon a sale of rights and other entitlements)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:48.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Up to US$0.05 per ADS held</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:49.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Symbol';">&#183;</span> Distribution of ADSs pursuant to (i)&#160;stock dividends or other free stock distributions, or (ii)&#160;exercise of rights to purchase additional ADSs</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:48.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Up to US$0.05 per ADS held</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:49.01%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Symbol';">&#183;</span> Distribution of securities other than ADSs or rights to purchase additional ADSs (e.g.,&#160;upon a spin-off)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:48.98%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Up to U.S$0.05 per ADS held</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:49.01%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Symbol';">&#183;</span> ADS Services</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:48.98%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Up to US$0.05 per ADS held on the applicable record date(s)&#160;established by the depositary bank</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">An ADS holder will also be responsible to pay certain charges such as:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">taxes (including applicable interest and penalties) and other governmental charges;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the registration fees as may from time to time be in effect for the registration of Class&#160;A ordinary shares on the share register and applicable to transfers of Class&#160;A ordinary shares to or from the name of the custodian, the depositary bank or any nominees upon the making of deposits and withdrawals, respectively;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">certain cable, telex and facsimile transmission and delivery expenses;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the expenses and charges incurred by the depositary bank in the conversion of foreign currency;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the fees and expenses incurred by the depositary bank in connection with compliance with exchange control regulations and other regulatory requirements applicable to Class&#160;A ordinary shares, ADSs and ADRs; and</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">the fees and expenses incurred by the depositary bank, the custodian, or any nominee in connection with the servicing or delivery of deposited property.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">130</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">ADS fees and charges for (i)&#160;the issuance of ADSs, and (ii)&#160;the cancellation of Ads are charged to the person for whom the ADSs are issued (in the case of ADS issuances) and to the person for whom ADSs are cancelled (in the case of ADS cancellations). In the case of ADSs issued by the depositary bank into DTC, the ADS issuance and cancellation fees and charges may be deducted from distributions made through DTC, and may be charged to the DTC participant(s)&#160;receiving the ADSs being issued or the DTC participant(s)&#160;holding the ADSs being cancelled, as the case may be, on behalf of the beneficial owner(s)&#160;and will be charged by the DTC participant(s)&#160;to the account of the applicable beneficial owner(s)&#160;in accordance with the procedures and practices of the DTC participants as in effect at the time. ADS fees and charges in respect of distributions and the ADS service fee are charged to the holders as of the applicable ADS record date. In the case of distributions of cash, the amount of the applicable ADS fees and charges is deducted from the funds being distributed. In the case of (i)&#160;distributions other than cash and (ii)&#160;the ADS service fee, holders as of the ADS record date will be invoiced for the amount of the ADS fees and charges and such ADS fees and charges may be deducted from distributions made to holders of ADSs. For ADSs held through DTC, the ADS fees and charges for distributions other than cash and the ADS service fee may be deducted from distributions made through DTC, and may be charged to the DTC participants in accordance with the procedures and practices prescribed by DTC and the DTC participants in turn charge the amount of such ADS fees and charges to the beneficial owners for whom they hold ADSs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In the event of refusal to pay the depositary bank fees, the depositary bank may, under the terms of the deposit agreement, refuse the requested service until payment is received or may set off the amount of the depositary bank fees from any distribution to be made to the ADS holder. Certain depositary fees and charges (such as the ADS services fee) may become payable shortly after the closing of the ADS offering. Note that the fees and charges an ADS holder may be required to pay may vary over time and may be changed by us and by the depositary bank. An ADS holder will receive prior notice of such changes.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fees and Other Payments Made by the Depositary to Us</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The depositary bank may reimburse us for certain expenses incurred by us in respect of the ADR program, by making available a portion of the ADS fees charged in respect of the ADR program or otherwise, upon such terms and conditions as we and the depositary bank agree from time to time. In 2023, we received approximately US$0.8 million as reimbursement from the depositary.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">131</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_5155e297_5a4c_464e_973f_ed64c7f97eb0"></a><a id="PARTII_93804"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">PART&#160;II</p><a id="Item13DefaultsDividendArrearagesandDelin"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 13.</b></span>Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">None.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_b7a91deb_84e8_4841_a441_26223bed369e"></a><a id="Item14MaterialModificationstotheRightsof"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 14.</b></span>Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">See &#8220;Item 10. Additional Information&#8212;B. Memorandum and Articles of Association&#8212;Ordinary Shares&#8221; for a description of the rights of securities holders, which remain unchanged.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_b9042acf_f3a5_43e4_b527_33a4b091bd08"></a><a id="Item15ControlsandProcedures_567934"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 15.</b></span>Controls and Procedures</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">A.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures</b></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule&#160;13a-15(e)&#160;under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report, as required by Rule&#160;13a-15(b)&#160;under the Exchange Act.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Based upon that evaluation, our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file and furnish under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC&#8217;s rules&#160;and forms, and that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">B.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Management&#8217;s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting</b></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that (1)&#160;pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets, (2)&#160;provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and (3)&#160;provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. As required by Section&#160;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules&#160;as promulgated by the SEC, our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 using criteria established in Internal Control&#8212;Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Based on this assessment, our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;">C.</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm</b></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG Huazhen LLP, has audited the effectiveness of our company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">132</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_7c0a535b_8b10_4db3_921a_0f3f3a5636f3"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">To the Shareholders and Board of Directors<br/>Niu Technologies:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have audited Niu Technologies and subsidiaries&#8217; (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control &#8211; Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control &#8211; Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders&#8217; equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated April 24, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Basis for Opinion </i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management&#8217;s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting </i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 5pt 0pt;">A company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company&#8217;s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 5pt 0pt;">Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 5pt 0pt;">/s/ KPMG Huazhen LLP</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">Beijing, China</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">April 24, 2024</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">133</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:13.8pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">D.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting </b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this annual report on Form 20-F that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_13e002ad_8cff_4e43_a33f_6612814c8093"></a><a id="Item16Reserved_378414"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Item 16.&#160;&#160;[Reserved]</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_ccf6a88f_3e61_465f_b155_df0d94277d37"></a><a id="Item16AAuditCommitteeFinancialExpert_863"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Our board of directors has determined that Mr.&#160;Changqing Ye, an independent director (under the standards set forth in Nasdaq Stock Market Rule&#160;5605 and Rule&#160;10A-3 under the Exchange Act) and chairman of our audit committee, is an audit committee financial expert.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_792d16fa_56a7_43cf_92a2_43348a6fbed4"></a><a id="Item16BCodeofEthics_161831"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Item 16B. Code of Ethics</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Our board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers, employees and advisors in September&#160;2018. We have posted a copy of our code of business conduct and ethics on our website at <span style="text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">ir.niu.com</span>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_b9722eac_f0e9_4ddd_bb44_425068ddcbf8"></a><a id="Item16CPrincipalAccountantFeesandService"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by KPMG Huazhen LLP, our principal external auditors, for the periods indicated.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:13.7%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Audit fees<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(1)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> US$</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,267,526</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;US$</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 1,279,300</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Tax fees<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">(2)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> US$</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> 83,498</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:4.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> Nil</span></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(1)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Audit fees&#8221; in 2023 represent the aggregate fees billed or payable for professional services rendered by our principal auditors for the audit of the 2023 consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 and assistance with and review of documents filed with the SEC.</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(2)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">&#8220;Tax fees&#8221; mean the aggregate fees billed for services rendered by independent registered public accounting firm for tax compliance services and tax advisory services.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The policy of our audit committee or our board of directors is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by KPMG Huazhen LLP, including as described above.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_34ffa12c_6896_4122_8cc3_1d31884415d6"></a><a id="Item16DExemptionsfromtheListingStandards"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_b8371d2d_1be5_4aad_9527_3ea34ef599d0"></a><a id="Item16EPurchasesofEquitySecuritiesbytheI"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">None.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_ffca5b82_4938_4fc1_b9ef_ea000de9b82e"></a><a id="Item16FChangeinRegistrantsCertifyingAcco"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Item 16F. Change in Registrant&#8217;s Certifying Accountant</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">134</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_17d66f38_bb82_463d_a547_a8c507e8d9ca"></a><a id="Item16GCorporateGovernance_117882"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Item 16G.&#160;Corporate Governance</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">As a Cayman Islands exempted company listed on Nasdaq, we are subject to the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules corporate governance listing standards. However, Nasdaq rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, differ significantly from requirements for companies incorporated in other jurisdictions such as the United States. Nasdaq Rule 5620(a) requires that each company listing common stock or voting preferred stock, and their equivalents, must hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the company&#8217;s fiscal year-end. We followed home country practice and did not hold an annual meeting of shareholders in 2023. If we continue to rely on this and other exemptions available to foreign private issuers in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. See &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our ADSs&#8212;We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies.&#8221;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_aeef961d_dac5_43d1_9ce9_2f902f5ff896"></a><a id="Item16HMineSafetyDisclosure_217072"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Item 16H.&#160;Mine Safety Disclosure</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><a id="_d3338428_30ac_4c6a_9db3_e14a440e8f47"></a><a id="ITEM16IDisclosureRegardingForeignJurisdi"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Item 16I.&#160;&#160;Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><a id="_d4882f13_298f_4bd6_bfe5_8056b32ad336"></a><a id="Item16JInsiderTradingPolicies_227031"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Item 16J. Insider Trading Policies</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Not applicable.</p><a id="_46609725_410b_4dcb_8210_907148eca6cc"></a><a id="Item16KCybersecurity_765601"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Item 16K. Cybersecurity</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have implemented comprehensive procedures to ensure effectiveness in cybersecurity management, strategy and governance and reporting cybersecurity risks. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">We have developed a comprehensive cybersecurity threat defense system to address both internal and external threats. This system encompasses various levels, including network, host and application security and incorporates systematic security capabilities for threat defense, monitoring, analysis, response, deception and countermeasures. We strive to manage cybersecurity risks and protect sensitive information through various methods, including technical safeguards, procedural requirements, an intensive monitoring program on our corporate network, continuous testing of our security posture both internally and with outside vendors, a robust incident response program, a review of the effectiveness of our security system with reference to applicable security standards by qualified third parties and regular cybersecurity awareness training for employees. Our cybersecurity department is actively engaged in continuous monitoring of our applications, platforms and infrastructure to ensure prompt identification and response to potential issues, including emerging cybersecurity threats. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of the date of this annual report, we have not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents or identified any material cybersecurity threats that have affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Governance</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Our board of directors is responsible for overseeing our company&#8217;s cybersecurity risk management and be informed on risks from cybersecurity threats. Our board of directors shall review, approve and maintain oversight of the disclosure (i) on Form 6-K for material cybersecurity incidents (if any) and (ii) related to cybersecurity matters in the periodic reports (including annual report on Form 20-F) of our company. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">135</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">At the management level, our cybersecurity committee is responsible for overseeing the process of assessing, identifying and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats to our company and monitoring the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of material cybersecurity incident. Our cybersecurity officer, who serves as the management representative of our cybersecurity committee, reports to our board of directors on (i) a quarterly basis on updates to the status of any material cybersecurity incidents or material risks from cybersecurity threats to our company, and the disclosure issues, if any, and (ii) on disclosure concerning cybersecurity matters in our annual report on Form 20-F. Our cybersecurity officer has extensive experience in enterprise compliance and risk management and has been responsible for our company&#8217;s data security issues since 2018. He is familiar with our company&#8217;s operational and data processing models and possesses thorough knowledge of information security and data compliance regulations in various countries and regions, including mainland China, the European Union, and the United States. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:10pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">If a cybersecurity incident occurs, our cybersecurity committee will promptly organize relevant personnel for internal assessment and, depending on the situation, seek the opinions of external experts and legal advisors. If it is determined that the incident could potentially be a material cybersecurity event, our data management committee will promptly report the investigation and assessment results to our corporate governance and nominating committee and our corporate governance and nominating committee will decide on the relevant response measures and whether any disclosure is necessary. If such disclosure is determined to be necessary, our cybersecurity committee shall promptly prepare disclosure material for review and approval by our corporate governance and nominating committee before it is disseminated to the public.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">136</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_bef383fe_e359_4b34_a2d6_159eb0481297"></a><a id="PARTIII_592004"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">PART&#160;III</p><a id="Item17FinancialStatements_268706"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 17.</b></span><b style="font-size:3pt;font-weight:bold;"> </b>Financial Statements</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_2f6d3d64_8d67_4378_9576_96148f835fe3"></a><a id="Item18FinancialStatements_484938"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><b style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Item 18.</b></span><b style="font-size:3pt;font-weight:bold;"> </b>Financial Statements</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The consolidated financial statements of Niu Technologies, its subsidiaries and the variable interest entity are included at the end of this annual report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_500bf2ff_864b_4769_8827_b2e16131b400"></a><a id="Item19Exhibits_454114"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:36pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Item 19.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibits</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.27%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit</b><br/><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85.84%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description&#160;of&#160;Document</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">1.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000104746918006361/a2236573zex-3_2.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Sixth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Registrant, effective October&#160;23, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;3.2 of the Registrant&#8217;s registration statement on Form&#160;F-1 (file no. 333-227497), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September&#160;24, 2018)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000104746918006361/a2236573zex-4_3.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Registrant&#8217;s Specimen American Depositary Receipt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;4.3 of the Registrant&#8217;s registration statement on Form&#160;F-1 (file no. 333-227497), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September&#160;24, 2018)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000104746918006623/a2236786zex-4_2.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Registrant&#8217;s Specimen Certificate for Ordinary Shares (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;4.2 of the Registrant&#8217;s registration statement on Form&#160;F-1 (file no. 333-227497), as amended, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October&#160;9, 2018)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2.3</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000110465919001531/a19-2267_1ex4d3.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Deposit Agreement dated October&#160;18, 2018 among the Registrant, the depositary and holder of the American Depositary Receipts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;4.3 of the Registrant&#8217;s registration statement on Form&#160;S-8 (file no. 333229190), as amended, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January&#160;11, 2019)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2.4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000104746918006361/a2236573zex-4_4.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Fourth Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement between the Registrant and other parties thereto dated August&#160;22, 2018(incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;4.4 of the Registrant&#8217;s registration statement on Form&#160;F-1 (file no. 333-227497), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September&#160;24, 2018)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2.5</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000110465920050585/a19-28358_1ex2d5.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Description of American Depositary Shares of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 to the annual report on Form 20-F (file no. 001 - 38696) filed by the Registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 24, 2020)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">2.6</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000110465920050585/a19-28358_1ex2d6.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Description of Ordinary Shares of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.6 to the annual report on Form 20-F (file no. 001 - 38696) filed by the Registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 24, 2020)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">4.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000104746918006361/a2236573zex-10_1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Amended and Restated 2016 Global Share Incentive Plan of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;10.1 of the Registrant&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form&#160;F-1 (file no. 333-227497) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September&#160;24, 2018)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">4.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000104746918006361/a2236573zex-10_2.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">2018 Share Incentive Plan of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;10.2 of the Registrant&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form&#160;F-1 (file no. 333-227497) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September&#160;24, 2018)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">4.3</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000104746918006361/a2236573zex-10_4.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Form&#160;of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and its executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;10.4 of the Registrant&#8217;s registration statement on Form&#160;F-1 (file no. 333-227497), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September&#160;24, 2018)</span></a></p></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">137</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">4.4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000104746918006361/a2236573zex-10_3.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Form&#160;of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and its directors and executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;10.3 of the Registrant&#8217;s registration statement on Form&#160;F-1 (file no. 333-227497), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September&#160;24, 2018)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">4.5</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000110465920050585/a19-28358_1ex4d5.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">English translation of the Powers of Attorney among the Registrant&#8217;s WFOE, Beijing Niudian and shareholders of Beijing Niudian (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 of the Registrant&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 20-F (file no. 001 - 38696) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 24, 2020)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">4.6</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000110465920050585/a19-28358_1ex4d6.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">English translation of the Second Amended and Restated Equity Pledge Agreement among the Registrant&#8217;s WFOE, Beijing Niudian and shareholders of Beijing Niudian dated February&#160;27, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 of the Registrant&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 20-F (file no. 001 - 38696) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 24, 2020)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">4.7</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000104746918006361/a2236573zex-10_7.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">English translation of the Amended and Restated Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement among the Registrant&#8217;s WFOE, Beijing Niudian and shareholders of Beijing Niudian dated July&#160;20, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;10.7 of the Registrant&#8217;s registration statement on Form&#160;F-1 (file no. 333-227497), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September&#160;24, 2018)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">4.8</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000110465920050585/a19-28358_1ex4d8.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">English translation of the Second Amended and Restated Exclusive Option Agreement among the Registrant&#8217;s WFOE, Beijing Niudian and shareholders of Beijing Niudian dated February&#160;27, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 of the Registrant&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 20-F (file no. 001 - 38696) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 24, 2020)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">4.9</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000104746918006361/a2236573zex-10_12.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Motor Purchase and Sales Contract between Bosch (Ning) E-scooter Motor Co.,&#160;Ltd. and Jiangsu Xiaoniu Electric Technology Co.,&#160;Ltd. dated March&#160;21, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;10.12 of the Registrant&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form&#160;F-1 (file no. 333227497) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September&#160;24, 2018)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">4.10</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000110465919023545/a19-6256_1ex4d13.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Manufacturing Cooperation Agreement Between Jiangsu Xiaoniu Diandong Technology Co.,&#160;Ltd. and Changzhou Shanqi Motorcycle Co.,&#160;Ltd. dated December&#160;1, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;4.13 of the Registrant&#8217;s Annual Report on Form&#160;20-F (file no. 001-38696) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April&#160;25, 2019)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">4.11</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000110465919023545/a19-6256_1ex4d14.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Development Collaboration Agreement Between the Registrant and Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft dated March&#160;15, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;4.14 of the Registrant&#8217;s Annual Report on Form&#160;20-F (file no. 001-38696) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April&#160;25, 2019)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">8.1<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">*</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="niu-20231231xex8d1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">List of Principal Subsidiaries, the Variable Interest Entity and the Subsidiaries of the Variable Interest Entity</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">11.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1744781/000104746918006361/a2236573zex-99_1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;99.1 of the Registrant&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form&#160;F-1 (file no. 333-227497) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September&#160;24, 2018)</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">12.1<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">*</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="niu-20231231xex12d1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Certification by Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section&#160;302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">12.2<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">*</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="niu-20231231xex12d2.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Certification by Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section&#160;302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">13.1<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">**</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="niu-20231231xex13d1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Certification by Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section&#160;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">13.2<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">**</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="niu-20231231xex13d2.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Certification by Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section&#160;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">15.1<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">*</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="niu-20231231xex15d1.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Consent of KPMG Huazhen LLP</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">138</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:13.8pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">15.2<sup style="font-size:7.5pt;line-height:100%;top:0pt;vertical-align:top;">*</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="niu-20231231xex15d2.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Consent of DaHui Lawyers</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">97*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;font-family:&quot;'Times New Roman','Times','serif'&quot;;" href="niu-20231231xex97.htm"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Clawback Policy</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">101.INS*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">XBRL Instance Document</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">101.CAL*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">101.SCH*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">101.DEF*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">101.LAB*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">101.PRE*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:1pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:9.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">104*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4.87%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:85.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:3pt;padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">*</span>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <span style="font-size:10pt;">Filed herewith</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:3pt;padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:10pt;">**</span>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <span style="font-size:10pt;">Furnished herewith</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">139</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_35495151_5a8f_4eda_ac42_7801a0e992a0"></a><a id="SIGNATURES_366441"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">SIGNATURES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing its annual report on Form&#160;20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Niu Technologies</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">By:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ Yan Li</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45.84%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Name: Yan Li</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Title: Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:45.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Executive Officer</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Date: April 24, 2024</p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">140</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_b5747c22_3b71_452c_9030_d3a047704e27"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU TECHNOLOGIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">INDEX TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:88.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:88.34%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">CONTENTS</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.65%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"/><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9%;border-bottom:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">PAGE(S)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:88.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#ReportofIndependentRegisteredPublicAccou"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</span></a> <i style="font-style:italic;">(PCAOB ID </i><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:AuditorFirmId" id="Narr_tGyepnzoFEetT-bPFeJ8IQ"><i style="font-style:italic;">1186</i></ix:nonNumeric><i style="font-style:italic;">)</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9%;border-top:1.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">F-2 &#8211; F-3</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:88.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#CONSOLIDATEDBALANCESHEETS_268052"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2023</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">F-4 &#8211; F-5</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:88.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:10.1pt;text-indent:-10.1pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCOMPREHENSIVELOS"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">F-6</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:88.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:10.1pt;text-indent:-10.1pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCHANGESINSHAREHO"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">F-7</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:88.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:10.1pt;text-indent:-10.1pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCASHFLOWS_181959"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">F-8</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:88.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#NOTESTOTHECONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENT"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</span></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">F-9 &#8211; F-40</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-1</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_35fe230b_666c_42bb_949f_27a1e14699d4"></a><a id="ReportofIndependentRegisteredPublicAccou"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">To the Shareholders and Board of Directors </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Niu Technologies:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Niu Technologies and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders&#8217; equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in <i style="font-style:italic;">Internal Control &#8211; Integrated Framework (2013)</i> issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated April 24, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Basis for Opinion</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company&#8217;s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Critical Audit Matter</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-2</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Revenue recognition for electric scooter sales to offline distributors</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As discussed in Note 2(q) and 19 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recorded RMB2,358,658,368 of revenues related to electric scooter sales for the year ended December 31, 2023, a portion of which related to electric scooter sales to its domestic offline distributors in the People&#8217;s Republic of China (&#8220;PRC&#8221;) and overseas offline distributors. The transfer of control of the products is satisfied at a point in time, which occurs when the products are accepted by the domestic offline distributors, overseas offline distributors or individual customers. When the Company sells its products to its domestic offline distributors for domestic sales in the PRC, acceptance of the products by the domestic offline distributors is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by the domestic offline distributors, which is generally at the Company&#8217;s warehouse. When the Company sells its products to overseas offline distributors for oversea sales, acceptance of the products by the overseas offline distributors is evidenced by shipping documents dependent upon the terms of the underlying contract.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We identified the evaluation of timing of revenue recognition for electric scooter sales to domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors as a critical audit matter. Significant audit effort was required in evaluation the proper timing of revenue recognition for electric scooter sales to domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over the evaluation of timing of revenue recognition for electric scooter sales to domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to timing of revenue recognition for electric scooter sales to domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors. This included controls over the Company&#8217;s review of goods receipt notes and underlying contracts related to electric scooter sales to domestic offline distributors, shipping documents and underlying contracts related to electric scooter sales to overseas offline distributors, and the accurate timing of recording revenues. For a selection of electric scooter sales contracts with domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors, we read the contracts and evaluated the Company&#8217;s assessment of the contract terms impacting the timing of revenue recognition. For a sample of electric scooter sales to domestic offline distributors, we evaluated the proper timing of revenue recognized by inspecting (1) the underlying contracts, (2) purchase orders, and (3) goods receipt notes signed by the domestic offline distributors. For a sample of electric scooter sales to overseas offline distributors, we evaluated the proper timing of revenue recognized by inspecting (1) the underlying contracts, (2) purchase orders, and (3) shipping documents for the overseas offline distributors. In addition, we evaluated the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained by assessing the results of procedures performed. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:AuditorName" id="Narr_cvaPHd4Uu0uTb0NPh7JcZw">KPMG Huazhen LLP</ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">We have served as the Company&#8217;s auditor since 2018.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="dei:AuditorLocation" id="Narr_u9ywn4Hl-kSQEFYN0ffNbg">Beijing, China</ix:nonNumeric></p><a id="April242024_291240"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">April 24, 2024</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:10.55pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:10.55pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-3</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_1eeac7ef_7701_4b87_bb66_d1db3a0654ff"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU TECHNOLOGIES</p><a id="CONSOLIDATEDBALANCESHEETS_268052"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_ee2c66fc_501a_4d88_a7aa_85d3bbd3be0c"></a><a id="Tc_kaAnNcHCrkiEluuR9BnPsw_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_DTmDmUCrmEC4t7VcmFf6zg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_PsxcPVecVUKYnLzTipw6oQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_XrB3sDSxb0eJ2G085vAALw_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_8UMtLNg-1kiklvtuP1qniQ_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_zJwEMDnklUWA29kv7o6OcA_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_r6CU05n3906am3YSG3BLWQ_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_OcZcJ1i5YUGyzvCgFIgEOg_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_VOfT-MLpr0uy2_wpE6hYng_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_Vhd5J8dm2kWjMadhgFAkaA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_ktql_kfBakyHdYtWqWPuHQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_GiSyU-iCf02DLSd0XgXnew_7_2"></a><a id="Tc_jINFd8Q2ukSgBuQ7FGmusQ_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_29fxIWr1nEWeg2Qslk9Lwg_8_2"></a><a id="Tc_T0OEYS1LHUmxX7ubps3unQ_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_V8IN9zIm4ESwMvlac5JR3Q_9_2"></a><a id="Tc_Uy2ZfDPznkWlunNUcLP8pQ_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_mKPFH7cx_Ue4yBAZzBZuZA_10_2"></a><a id="Tc_bybzrH-crEOdeHDaV36k8w_10_6"></a><a id="Tc_336c2k_tXkmgdWKeZkPW6Q_10_8"></a><a id="Tc_kqYkli3eNk6w5e8ZLUHATQ_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_8AhSXmblIU-yoQsth-lmtw_11_2"></a><a id="Tc_cO_vvqROrkmuflejqG24IA_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_JHGebRlYEEmmw3RSuS6DmA_12_2"></a><a id="Tc_BmSNPf24i0a5i9t4kPAVcQ_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_s8nALB48gk-5tP1xe5CF0A_13_2"></a><a id="Tc_Y9Ks920VJkiGE37l6AbLJg_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_qHwmZ-DDtkmzryEkcptWWQ_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_0KtbP3aR9kecvKMx1hXmSw_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_pduCarm_qU-lQqEtBP7vaQ_17_2"></a><a id="Tc_zdyk128FF02Goqg9BixDhA_17_6"></a><a id="Tc_nTSiesyd2Uq3FJW4LjSW0A_17_8"></a><a id="Tc_b7qhm2m-QUeiYuHBsDhu4Q_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_4hLryjZ3YkKIpFmMbJwfCw_18_2"></a><a id="Tc_XtNiAN2J4Eio4zLei8K28A_19_0"></a><a id="Tc_-eVEHAkvfUWXdzF5pC6xOw_19_2"></a><a id="Tc_9ByOY9vJpEyNmWbt8rgLNA_20_0"></a><a id="Tc_-AgmawtInEKSjktKCFDCQw_20_2"></a><a id="Tc_uC47dnzEQEC6mSZSZKu70g_21_0"></a><a id="Tc_2sDAs5O1XkS0nEXzt3FYzQ_21_2"></a><a id="Tc_DoBEYNK_y0K6kXaYtQZ7pA_22_0"></a><a id="Tc_JFsb70NjE02UZkNoB651Iw_22_2"></a><a id="Tc_q1fvNMULWki4TXZNRlBGig_23_0"></a><a id="Tc_nbtM6dmlkEySqf9H8kDZgA_25_0"></a><a id="Tc_3GJghfuyqEeJTxKtUx-3yg_27_0"></a><a id="Tc_1L6jU1SsGEK5Ne_EhBrwLA_28_0"></a><a id="Tc_Q9b22e__EUCT4umo9z-CrQ_29_0"></a><a id="Tc_G7p0XzEEukCSScJXIPh42w_29_2"></a><a id="Tc__qeMejhNOUaDQTaQ3U8eqQ_30_0"></a><a id="Tc_lEFHzR81502SIHyMiw3KOQ_30_2"></a><a id="Tc_xruxog96nUSTAJkJyuaK2Q_31_0"></a><a id="Tc_HIi-5_M3m0WNbv7l2aem5g_32_0"></a><a id="Tc_v3No2adAVkiJMmZo_NcwpQ_33_0"></a><a id="Tc_YEnlHspMuU6a_rBTX0fCLw_33_2"></a><a id="Tc_SLyCbBN7Y0W3nLkpTKMbXw_34_0"></a><a id="Tc_IjxG2ylg1U2I3A8A3cV5CA_34_2"></a><a id="Tc_Vk46VeBQrkiAWQqvVT32Eg_35_0"></a><a id="Tc_7EcFLBQTuUuZsyuuYBg5Wg_35_2"></a><a id="Tc_2yuqW8g9AUqxF8oVAxwzCA_36_0"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.47%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Note</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Note&#160;2(d))</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ASSETS</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">2(f)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" id="Tc_D0W1K4sgukWkdQElW2ocwg_7_4">534,286,849</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" id="Tc_fP3wfYtJzUe639NUyuf4Gw_7_6">872,573,460</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" id="Tc_jjeNKjROv0Sw1l5Mz6dlyg_7_8">122,899,401</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Term deposits&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">2(g)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_ESmP8uid4kmCfxJ_2h2JAg_8_4">208,589,770</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_cu-BNYbi10m6Fz8N-yLk9w_8_6">97,555,565</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_qgu0vwuZpUOFxoXArBfvtQ_8_8">13,740,414</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">2(h)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_dl4GQTtEkUmQBpYbX_muVw_9_4">186,340,321</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_9ckPDePsPkeH1qBVx_DjPw_9_6">107,666,733</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_-DtY5bgNg0y6HIQmJMtKzA_9_8">15,164,542</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">3</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc__y1LGLBb-UyIKnedPzTRjg_10_4">160,406,301</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Accounts receivable, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">4</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_KjTlmzYypUK57Xm1e8tX6A_11_4">299,742,923</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_2IwWchPsqEy_662s86Z_rA_11_6">94,956,170</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_CcOEfmWWZUudEiSeI9BylA_11_8">13,374,297</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Inventories</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">5</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" scale="0" id="Tc_EU3nWUVGJkC22sjOXcQa0Q_12_4">417,009,148</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" scale="0" id="Tc_u1jsdxdgeU2Ds7xWwDMuwg_12_6">392,790,141</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" scale="0" id="Tc_JdjW_My3uE6YX51fGxf-Cw_12_8">55,323,334</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">6</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_lJtYWDEF7kC8O5IdtObv0A_13_4">205,695,717</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_v2v_-bLO90mUZ281_fcELQ_13_6">195,072,129</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_Fi187Qs1kEitOV4u9-HR1g_13_8">27,475,335</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_B128ya_rv0Wvk6atr3YzQw_14_4">2,012,071,029</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_bVxDtQ3hTUWjowF3c_T4Hg_14_6">1,760,614,198</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_0X1ZyPyawkq0cnoqP9lIoQ_14_8">247,977,323</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Term deposits&#8212;non-current </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">2(g)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc__dcfJtEzdUalF_ICqEXmZw_17_4">20,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Property, plant and equipment, net </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">7</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="0" id="Tc_LozS9nJbvEOQpRlMufiqkA_18_4">397,356,795</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="0" id="Tc_tvABKLZkaE2CNRExaInIqA_18_6">323,112,366</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="0" id="Tc_n3U-hmoWKUSckvWOSHpYnA_18_8">45,509,425</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Intangible assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">8</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_pkL4gZwwY0-N53IEUZmhjw_19_4">1,857,320</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_Kfw6JcNiQkWEHjFaDUxBBQ_19_6">1,306,401</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_hu82vYHoAEyXNtWTXPyk2Q_19_8">184,003</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Operating lease right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="0" id="Tc_tRqMi2d1wE-cCivqbz5Klg_20_4">86,597,121</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="0" id="Tc_OqACxnsPxkOCN03ML1ZX1g_20_6">76,821,285</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="0" id="Tc_BpcHvee7QU6yNHyBtgx-CA_20_8">10,820,052</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred income tax assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">17(b)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_Xz5tNZ2cHkuP0wviK7u3oQ_21_4">6,132,499</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_AhDq3R8hnEm6g_alYMPMTw_21_6">20,747,021</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_VBy_8pzQn0K1aOWyVxmwKw_21_8">2,922,157</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Other non-current assets </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">9</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_Y_x07fmyT06zDMJ2JVSqKQ_22_4">12,683,090</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_GvvHTnyoxkOOth9ZirTb1g_22_6">6,730,378</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_BGu0OjIdu02CZIF0Js1o4A_22_8">947,954</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_MyKW47zi4ky3ynSJ87Jp4A_23_4">524,626,825</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_V1ZX0OIc1UqIgeRNYYwgjw_23_6">428,717,451</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_pYFsT2o7fkWpy8QV3pmKig_23_8">60,383,591</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="0" id="Tc_4duZrXjd30Gvzjh9ta8qew_25_4">2,536,697,854</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="0" id="Tc_qmnNxuJruEGQPUnk1sgSZw_25_6">2,189,331,649</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="0" id="Tc_RS8xl2E48kmvq-j_933nsg_25_8">308,360,914</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">LIABILITIES</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">10</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" scale="0" id="Tc_N7dmPlbf4EO6DSuY58MorA_29_4">160,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" scale="0" id="Tc_uskasIHTPEiJ1tsqBeO5rA_29_6">100,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" scale="0" id="Tc__6As_vXk6UyfP13hUN4Efw_29_8">14,084,705</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Notes payable (including notes payable of VIE without recourse to the Company were RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_yQaAHD8GY0yhYadHONMxug">316,832,113</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_wYTOFc8vUE-haOGt4lHP6g">167,282,688</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">11</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_9dLV-APSvEael57xVFo23A_30_4">316,832,113</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_ng1IJUtkZUaq90ms5-yFYA_30_6">167,282,688</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_fjsYvctizECPnmKwGekpzw_30_8">23,561,274</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Accounts payable (including accounts payable of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_wTh5VpfMQkGCvtzQKDxtEQ">459,406,790</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_1PiFEqJvVkSoC4iY_ZzlCA">575,235,413</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_-R8D3PRCuEOatWsJyDs7ug_31_4">459,466,937</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_M2ZZCAJRnECuNCeXhQ6UEw_31_6">575,724,288</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_tMJXkERmGk-HZ6tjYHMaHQ_31_8">81,089,070</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Income taxes payable (including income taxes payable of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_Hbt-xnOIbEy0GhTMoOvx3A">1,501,992</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_lLiCfL_h30SUU714CuQfdA">1,195,114</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_Xf0Dk4aqY0-D9b_uZKtUOQ_32_4">1,898,065</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_hJODbPMUTkWpw4KWubZBvA_32_6">1,357,913</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_HxbAhJZFyUOhToZCIjSFJw_32_8">191,258</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Advances from customers (including advances from customers of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_vajFO5ch40K-dO2-bAhF8w">23,522,149</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_Gcb0YksKKkewsGjqbw8OuA">16,399,926</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">2(r)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_HRU72qnpGk-ckWcSm5NJQA_33_4">24,931,897</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_CM8abt6SNkO0dXqT_Y74PA_33_6">19,304,488</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_IQV27jyW20WX2V6Y3fB1vQ_33_8">2,718,980</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred revenue&#8212;current (including deferred revenue-current of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_5thgvy-CSU6VXrk8rv04PA">37,539,733</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_BxT-5QZgO0iHSPVHm8efzQ">41,755,097</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">2(r)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_bHYvYL5oGk-_q2YcLFMC6A_34_4">37,539,733</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_vWXvGxvjK0iMQquNHHXDEw_34_6">41,755,097</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_NCLZIantWU2H10RWL1uz6w_34_8">5,881,082</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_H6J0dMS9BUmcM5UmphKa8w">175,352,229</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_Sn32h1YHOUuj3r2uYhsG0g">151,286,008</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">12</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_QxuktbARo0m8VMQE-5U7_Q_35_4">192,092,943</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_N7wTnfhCVkOD0WFuJs_V2g_35_6">165,511,396</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_aHuYnLq9C0qY3IEnntibjg_35_8">23,311,795</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_eLK3vS2Rfkmdv6sQUvYN6A_36_4">1,192,761,688</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_NbCJlNqapkG5ai0Ge6QLAw_36_6">1,070,935,870</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_nqedXR3jEUe7XzpzPdBy2A_36_8">150,838,164</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.</p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-4</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="BalanceSheets_Cont"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_0e83e30d_ec55_4e65_830f_b8a1aa1e0b81"></a><a id="Tc_IOT_0_ToQkqNIoud0fCvlQ_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_p-zmmBoWykeEr-yzu_lLFw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_m7NXbpLZ-kSJy6PFp8zkeQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_4BUOSEhWeUmFsVgHr-38gg_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_IFCh0ryQ30CBjvotM-V9zg_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_cbKxGdOAe0a5QVhGlbPxbw_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_q6s48cVYHE6A7PxLjkrhJw_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_FAYr2axs5UyWpXqs_ypuRQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_L06y0BbllUasaa1W3tyqLw_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_3IzCs64bYE6z4FlHwwosSA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_tmvuIYPqgkGR1IFlUjyT2w_6_2"></a><a id="Tc_zV_cKCB740ibaS5Ayr0REQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_HNoWHNKRoEOqLc5sBiJLgQ_7_2"></a><a id="Tc_wlUPIN88IkKYTts1RDKukg_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_0631O-plsE6waV3igFvUbQ_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_bLHPZHIwI06BWz3o8T7WTw_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_KxE0rq6Mo0Gq4EyX6N6Bzw_11_2"></a><a id="Tc_EZA3sJ6KMEi_lantKnmmhQ_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_dr9RlZnm5k6VWu3Xag9ywA_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_W_dL-f-UgE-waVNNJbBktA_13_2"></a><a id="Tc_SdviKqbncki8JBNc_iqtfA_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_VKRt1dviZkmO35cZgIQTLg_14_2"></a><a id="Tc_4EUCaFcc40KozW_KBy82sg_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_gWsDLEu7uUinVANTtHdJmg_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_0jq3TUU3y0C85aIWvKdw8Q_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_lN32PBbig06zhn3YBHWIaA_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_Y929nKpVW0etZPkjjhWaLw_20_0"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.47%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Note</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.39%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Non-current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred revenue&#8212;non-current (including deferred revenue non-current of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_ZPRAwFmMZ0acyDcykniiyQ">11,429,500</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_QTJH1poqikyovuHr6l2Qvw">13,168,111</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">2(r)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_wCk9iPCG5UKbWEbxRFgigQ_4_4">11,429,500</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_w0xQjcZyMk6057EgHOIn9A_4_6">13,168,111</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_j6UrzOyDTEGEqkbyvmVs4Q_4_8">1,854,690</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred income tax liabilities (including deferred income tax liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" scale="0" id="Narr_c1e1sK2-fE21pjdV-VRWwA">1,398,279</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" scale="0" id="Narr_FAQn8dKc9USbcXL6EaFX1w">2,362,494</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">17(b)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" scale="0" id="Tc_SUoug6P1d02W-KnbexgXJg_5_4">1,398,279</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" scale="0" id="Tc_WpgDAu0l2UKD06Kq7P_yJw_5_6">2,362,494</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" scale="0" id="Tc_3TYHz4KpX0i-m6eE3MyOYA_5_8">332,750</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Operating lease liabilities&#8212;non-current (including operating lease liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company were RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_S7UpS9dZC02E976qkM13Mw">7,569,128</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_IZRdJToSe0ONGiKCDHzI_A">280,421</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_ts11mpjTHEaW6zlVi7U6PA_6_4">7,569,128</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_i8CXlGMM_UyIZX-ILfsh3w_6_6">280,421</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_VFfxL6cX5E6_oEU_DOnvIA_6_8">39,496</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Other non-current liabilities (including other non-current liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_WGQ9HEroOk-mkKkVPYLejA">13,441,382</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_oRJETPygRUGDZTdnSw_4xw">8,968,519</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">13</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_RxybZjUJ8U-LNeUw-ozO6w_7_4">13,441,382</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_q4Cp82bf-EmphFx9rb83jA_7_6">8,968,519</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_l5XnRBSmykKwDqyLGxAV4Q_7_8">1,263,189</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total non-current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_qcr1zf3UykiEQ6caJcsC9w_8_4">33,838,289</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_AVnYZyvCzk2oEnV6UbJLbQ_8_6">24,779,545</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_FBp6dFZ990aEd1w2fyQn8A_8_8">3,490,125</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#12288;</b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#12288;</b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#12288;</b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Liabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_5yfGSNhYuUOWfbcI9Y7zzA_10_4">1,226,599,977</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Liabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_btGJALyZaEqE3Ye9lfKjUg_10_6">1,095,715,415</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Liabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_LBdjKVu_4US9vS_81yWy0g_10_8">154,328,289</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Commitments and contingencies</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">21</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;white-space:pre-wrap;">SHAREHOLDERS&#8217;  EQUITY:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;">Class A Ordinary Shares (US</span><span style="font-size:8pt;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_PsgWhocA9kOJPLKUe9ucsg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_WC5AtaFHI0uksoOUw6kl3w">0.0001</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span><span style="font-size:8pt;"> par value, </span><span style="font-size:8pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_XCOmVygsNEuLLZMMmmevxQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_K8ae1y7-o0SSbo6Om8JX2A">4,900,000,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span><span style="font-size:8pt;"> shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2023; </span><span style="font-size:8pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_OZc29HNODU2AxYen7FZJSg">137,719,542</ix:nonFraction></span><span style="font-size:8pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size:8pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" id="Narr_NPxFu8oJfEKGdyF8NMUeMA">138,575,010</ix:nonFraction></span><span style="font-size:8pt;"> shares </span><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_kHFrTdnof0udwmG1FdeAtw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">issued</span></span><span style="font-size:8pt;"> and </span><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Fy4xRf2igE-BxL3RAn2IVg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">outstanding</span></span><span style="font-size:8pt;"> as of December 31, 2022 and 2023)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">14</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="0" id="Tc_o21sQZtvKEOS15iWgvrxOw_13_4">89,428</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="0" id="Tc_qjVDUA-sH0O70ecmPnyAGg_13_6">90,031</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="0" id="Tc_O_AiT7KHiE-RmRSSUXz6WA_13_8">12,681</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;">Class B Ordinary Shares (US</span><span style="font-size:8pt;">$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_DljaQhvq8Uy51D48ttlGXg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_DWM3aa5NKUq1VWyphjJN7w">0.0001</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span><span style="font-size:8pt;"> par value, </span><span style="font-size:8pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_5z3AAlXvO0SUbukg4emdAg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_kX23OW0swU63CcDmqRrYbA">50,000,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span><span style="font-size:8pt;"> shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2023; </span><span style="font-size:8pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" id="Narr_OzxkOd2p3EWPruW8pz65tA">16,542,020</ix:nonFraction></span><span style="font-size:8pt;"> shares </span><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_J1lFFxk0XkqM3MW2up0M6Q;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">issued</span></span><span style="font-size:8pt;"> and </span><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_EHEIjtjW2EGO9UKBbgzXzA;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">outstanding</span></span><span style="font-size:8pt;"> as of </span><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_kkUKHfKX3UCP6k41CZgULw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">December 31, 2022</span></span><span style="font-size:8pt;"> and 2023)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">14</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="0" id="Tc_WbHKDrnoIESzGhycG22sYA_14_4">10,316</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="0" id="Tc_-AUcPoPIPUypGYJajIt1Sw_14_6">10,316</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="0" id="Tc_QLifyHCMg0OEsIq6cKjpRg_14_8">1,453</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Additional paid-in capital</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital" scale="0" id="Tc_XAe5xyUGl0Oemb7vJLKVVQ_15_4">1,915,825,641</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital" scale="0" id="Tc_APDv7db_V0aRvnjLY6CJOA_15_6">1,964,138,365</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital" scale="0" id="Tc_-mKY2NEpfkySIgE9zokRqw_15_8">276,643,103</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_8thJnCBY00OQ8fiQLKxhAw_16_4">16,536,686</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_BW8tDZz7e0u2_xH4wsGQmg_16_6">9,495,674</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_TkbwlhEIyUC7M1vkq-5eEQ_16_8">1,337,438</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Accumulated deficit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_ON4hiP0uBEi3jehXMBnlQw_17_4">589,290,822</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Dw3KKeuUK06NOSevu8Ecyw_17_6">861,126,804</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_zfjCkusnbEegCMwL_dUeEw_17_8">121,287,174</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_ZFVd4LKmOkqcBhueltEUIw_18_4">1,310,097,877</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_on1wASNbt0qkwfO4J3nsHA_18_6">1,093,616,234</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_13X_lRdiwkev4chmFJjfcQ_18_8">154,032,625</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:56.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities and shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.72%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_4Rb2nl0f70SKSyAj673j_A_20_4">2,536,697,854</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.29%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_iK1TveNiN0mMUuZ9JTO08Q_20_6">2,189,331,649</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.77%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.32%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_okB6GJ-5YkODE7ZXpFctyw_20_8">308,360,914</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-5</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_a0e95011_049e_49b6_8714_82d95680c767"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU TECHNOLOGIES</p><a id="CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCOMPREHENSIVELOS"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_519af661_abfd_44bd_bef2_ee0842055110"></a><a id="Tc_5fJyzcet4EC7edZ1q5B3ag_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_6mdiQ3IT_Ue1Ddn2LfvR7g_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_CTN-aC7mNkmCBVcbBoscrg_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_s-JigHQYvEyjucGB3bK62g_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_HNKoxZc0IkiPfW866vQBSQ_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_jM2XnvkXzkiQIOu4wMJhUQ_3_10"></a><a id="Tc_7dRPR6fo_UqP4GPjSri7RA_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_6Bowjp5zcEyqgt_7wgx7fQ_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_bZ7FkqGqlESIeAnwhj7sgw_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_5a-KGSuW9k6KTdc54AMoiw_4_10"></a><a id="Tc_PdFQaPyiMk-3bEOuYoqklQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_m1lc-GXkAE2TKBQV7Xd2Sw_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_2N-R17duVUWWlkEr-6X17A_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_ayDCRM7cIUyiDO2pvTGa2A_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_gviaWkbXO0-c845JgRXTLQ_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_jOw31eBE9EucA3987WCm6w_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_Pc-VvpLHzEKD9xLCaQp4og_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_uVBb2tBcyUmZ5Lk25BXjiA_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_twK5F6DjQUqQd98nKGX2Yg_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_8JR6CSkUWk-nmmNFeyluFQ_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_TC8sGVlZq0GeYvgtb-Taeg_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_ZdNlMuZMyUa5wI7Rl4i-eQ_17_0"></a><a id="Tc__E_rUw7I5EeDQ6z34ikJiA_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_cEGCx25CmkegKOOwA_TZ-A_19_0"></a><a id="Tc_6Ex0xzcAmEmHbEhZj0rO-Q_20_0"></a><a id="Tc_Gl6EoUZwwk6JeLMRfUNvZg_21_0"></a><a id="Tc_AUx6dVvmWU27snehsP6jSg_21_2"></a><a id="Tc_qQzv-5Pg2EaGijpVaxzyZA_22_0"></a><a id="Tc_w61RZDsIKEe-odMbUrh4SA_24_0"></a><a id="Tc_ZCpWv7i29E6Lfa1712P3xw_25_0"></a><a id="Tc_R2ahkCL_rkCOyGMAncVCmg_26_0"></a><a id="Tc_mzE42HycpkCY5TxN3wNNLQ_27_0"></a><a id="Tc_AbFxyoCV40S2LzkctilCAg_28_0"></a><a id="Tc_bC6lcL0xdES3rvCz6LxRnw_30_0"></a><a id="Tc_RbK70uOXn0qOLQXNbhceEQ_31_0"></a><a id="Tc_UJDsSbdL-kOh6HvqukQbFg_31_2"></a><a id="Tc_phXQKGCNWEy3Wdw50Hsm2Q_32_0"></a><a id="Tc_Ms5rZqjNfUyW2IJWETfHhA_32_2"></a><a id="Tc_IGCVoTm9ik2bJ7DI2PLxiA_34_0"></a><a id="Tc_n4rn2jTouEeUxHrNohprzg_35_0"></a><a id="Tc_jEn0k7scCEqoQiPAla5Wgg_35_2"></a><a id="Tc_RmIS_4-qjE-wdJY4tRd15w_36_0"></a><a id="Tc_3cKtxY-NqkK0mFQpt0iFJA_36_2"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:48.19%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Note</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Note&#160;2(d))</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">19</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_ARXCyZFwaE6vMSxTZGBi_g_5_4">3,704,537,419</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_y47jerimbEuS68hdWqRP5Q_5_6">3,168,597,334</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_uhhxIvF34UaAJ9Q8yanBAQ_5_8">2,651,757,646</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_e4X1rtaDwEaC_AkZrmrj7w_5_10">373,492,253</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfRevenue" scale="0" id="Tc_sgSWKB2DfkaY-39CWQSAtg_6_4">2,891,758,188</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfRevenue" scale="0" id="Tc_Lag2yByYykSiIX990dIwRw_6_6">2,498,916,443</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfRevenue" scale="0" id="Tc_Mwx6oLnrQUWqaNV47reCJA_6_8">2,081,010,633</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfRevenue" scale="0" id="Tc_31xNCT6kuU-VBcvMBs9u5A_6_10">293,104,217</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross profit</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GrossProfit" scale="0" id="Tc_XveKsndDtUahVfZZH5mu4g_7_4">812,779,231</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GrossProfit" scale="0" id="Tc_D6RJDRXKMkuMPd2jpowZGQ_7_6">669,680,891</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GrossProfit" scale="0" id="Tc_dDc4FxeqikewwHgC0pklFA_7_8">570,747,013</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GrossProfit" scale="0" id="Tc_IW2MA_lPF0WiSw3t98Sl9w_7_10">80,388,036</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Operating expenses:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_GUAu-_clQkmQuNJ1S5DLpQ_10_4">332,007,462</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_4soTEMZkWE-qOoSCMCxmIg_10_6">440,408,982</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_PUqtpG_NvkmL5z4sW1b6tQ_10_8">495,734,694</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_iAU6W_Y8bUGayfMckHnzdQ_10_10">69,822,771</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_ZO9QTwHDb0K9QQC8aK5h7g_11_4">135,218,399</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_12A2pX22QE66jlsT2lZGPg_11_6">176,478,130</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_v2dgpmOclU-OxD4f4sgz6A_11_8">150,985,739</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_N3XxL52XK0W8L5nDj9IqcA_11_10">21,265,897</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">General and administrative expenses (including allowance for doubtful accounts of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="0" id="Narr_lXikOg_uoEaiQ2t27SnZPg">1,272,454</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="0" id="Narr_TiWDOP8-jU6rnzBezqGnVg">25,044,327</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="0" id="Narr_3BN4UDOFV06F087urOh3jQ">139,445,017</ix:nonFraction> for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_dURvGFsECUGXWAmwvGAF_A_12_4">141,798,910</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_AB2QeF8gXUOFW5S1VvW_eg_12_6">158,460,764</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_WslP4NHmSU6EUU5k8z9icQ_12_8">244,518,817</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_dg5cjTTRuUC372P2P18DJA_12_10">34,439,755</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total operating expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingExpenses" scale="0" id="Tc_1McJNOioPk61cnapYD5v-A_13_4">609,024,771</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingExpenses" scale="0" id="Tc_6hEr--YQVEegGmELyjUNmA_13_6">775,347,876</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingExpenses" scale="0" id="Tc_AXO-6Hcq8USoLLl5IdKwhQ_13_8">891,239,250</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingExpenses" scale="0" id="Tc_Qf2drhWBrUqXsqPOQ99MJw_13_10">125,528,423</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Government grants</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:GovernmentGrants" scale="0" id="Tc_E5ZgUoHEJEyf85xNLF6yGA_14_4">48,726,818</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:GovernmentGrants" scale="0" id="Tc_WxqLbarY-EaUU56_2ZDR9Q_14_6">16,385,038</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:GovernmentGrants" scale="0" id="Tc_kGDlYDGAWkC8EJjLjIN8KQ_14_8">2,968,735</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:GovernmentGrants" scale="0" id="Tc_b4hULmCt_029SBD-WUJZRQ_14_10">418,138</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Operating income (loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" scale="0" id="Tc_t_sWuZgsQEaqJLCY34Zl9A_15_4">252,481,278</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_ogd6ryvSV0q0D94j9fr1Sg_15_6">89,281,947</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_EJ82JCfvtE2n1FMSPHNBJw_15_8">317,523,502</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_G1jqpGpaq0S-XV2u3Dk0WA_15_10">44,722,249</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Interest expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_0xtv8kreakOSVHYJFmkxuw_17_4">6,167,805</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_r8uRGPyNek-he8iNON3h2Q_17_6">5,715,878</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_WuzI6uA-wUClf17xddnWwQ_17_8">1,423,924</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_9jemoi7F1EOQ6cu62jb8UQ_17_10">200,556</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Interest income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest" scale="0" id="Tc_VE8hJwGKPUuZ-_L9UBQo-g_18_4">5,375,969</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest" scale="0" id="Tc_1vudtHg9-kK3F7W56ZymDg_18_6">12,860,216</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest" scale="0" id="Tc_5cg6pQTc1UShAh_E_ygPNg_18_8">35,492,190</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest" scale="0" id="Tc_zNJOuUx4wk-37L59uyjFnA_18_10">4,998,970</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Investment income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_vyVri5-_qUGs9dRE3xyU6w_19_4">21,167,575</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_fVQ4IyALaEyzUbA0bKJyNw_19_6">10,917,736</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_A-dZPoW-D0yD6SmJyhtJSA_19_8">1,426,370</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_gCjZLzul2EGqdTATnaFr2Q_19_10">200,900</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Income (loss) before income taxes</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" id="Tc_L9zietLCS0uMLXSZ7Iz6uw_20_4">272,857,017</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_NuhKKB-H4kGsbCfAqrFcew_20_6">71,219,873</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_lmxJFJayRk-foTKSY5c-jA_20_8">282,028,866</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_kOn1VEMO20WeZhJH3wkj2Q_20_10">39,722,935</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Income tax (expense) benefit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">17(a)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" id="Tc_gdgq4xScA0meNDU0wJk83g_21_4">47,036,608</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_pv2i74vDYkC5cS86qHkj6w_21_6">21,756,944</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_4-p9Shpua0ms4Q6rmKRSWQ_21_8">10,192,884</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_rw975xZwjU64kd5BBuChUw_21_10">1,435,638</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net income (loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" scale="0" id="Tc_DKfezE55xkWLA1gk5E318g_22_4">225,820,409</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_kRU1o6YK9E6jT2jCZSSAtA_22_6">49,462,929</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_EmG4ZVYn-ESYGvFyRrnsNA_22_8">271,835,982</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_qZJRW-xoGUyQ0aGfj-RNug_22_10">38,287,297</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other comprehensive income (loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2020_To_12_31_2020_5znWbKx89UChp_s6Jm-nvQ" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Narr_iw1nf6fGMUy1mByR42-Tvw"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Narr_RPlTsTtlZ0-SAL4Zjl-8pg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Narr_Vxzvk_xhtUyjRE-BpqyzqA">nil</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> income taxes</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_btwZHijGXE2XK3B9k5brIw_25_4">9,657,187</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Tc_PZzdDZ3MCEWNG9XoHta-ow_25_6">37,342,724</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Tc_X7YSE61rGEmN3Th_voj5Fw_25_8">7,386,368</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Tc_4F16GqVBC0mpPa3tGDxn5A_25_10">1,040,348</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Unrealized gain on available for sale securities, net income taxes of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax" scale="0" id="Narr_2ObcNObRH0-8IV4kUECHcQ">5,809,288</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax" scale="0" id="Narr_FjGRvnbyhUePy-AsUVQVvA">1,184,686</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax" scale="0" id="Narr_cfpedBiONECXygRfgY6ZfA">3,080</ix:nonFraction> for the year 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_WpHglxqMy0y9bWvifAt8DA_26_4">17,427,865</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_XYSYBG40GEugtJ2z-tRUaA_26_6">6,460,896</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_1zr2_7lVCEqi8ghEzl0v5g_26_8">17,454</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_ETcxmDU270eYw-rHGuyhfw_26_10">2,458</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">Less: reclassification adjustment for gain on available for sale securities realized in net income, net income taxes of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax" scale="0" id="Narr_mN8crMQQ_ECqAgngc49GJQ">5,291,894</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax" scale="0" id="Narr_ftTnqfGxF0aLWC8_5_lgdA">1,698,460</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax" scale="0" id="Narr_ATaNdopVKUerHroLojeUxg">64,025</ix:nonFraction> for the year 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_cWVKb3ddakKicIT5l0IF5Q_27_4">15,875,681</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_xibtExJF-kSiZy-guN3WhA_27_6">9,219,276</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_1_-5pCh_wESxExL_SzPzXg_27_8">362,810</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_il0HV64PYUG_j6CqVwzseg_27_10">51,100</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Comprehensive income (loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_ZmoBwNe8tUSglhJWDafXbw_28_4">217,715,406</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_T0qMUJL89k6xwwuYvoQ2Gw_28_6">14,878,585</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_59OtWFWaEEq_M_SQXkYoCA_28_8">264,794,970</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_T97ju-fXvkOsIDMQ38TEgA_28_10">37,295,591</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net income (loss) per ordinary share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">&#8212;Basic </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">18</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_mgeeZ4WQc0aiJ42MBjuJKQ_31_4">1.47</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_5ZBb2sP0dUmEnsH3gh6M5A_31_6">0.32</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_QS_1iNwu-EqmmnLNeDEN9g_31_8">1.73</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_zAESb2PpKEyN7i3etvq93w_31_10">0.24</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">&#8212;Diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">18</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" scale="0" id="Tc_Wsy3vXsZXkyusAsLXsa1yw_32_4">1.41</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_yPSXxUgSCk-ixE3ChAlcJA_32_6">0.32</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_4E4EnBdrbEO--QPa4UA8PA_32_8">1.73</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_U9tSQeAt3kKJP8htj_8orQ_32_10">0.24</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted average number of ordinary shares and ordinary shares equivalents outstanding used in computing net income (loss) per ordinary share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">&#8212;Basic </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">18</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_9krH-coHIkC2Uq9iIbiwSQ_35_4">153,672,358</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_MJ1_E7SvdU2ZpkHpWOKwkA_35_6">155,176,922</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_QEuW4NHLM06ldEjOZQ6J6Q_35_8">156,816,105</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_7gwtP9VLzUK7SLO6gdWPAQ_35_10">156,816,105</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:44.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt;">&#8212;Diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">18</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_1BFjPnkspk-JkU2oj2AnmA_36_4">160,460,976</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_QrBVvgl290unpqY54L9Bhw_36_6">155,176,922</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_asFIHXfZKUKgkb--xP8Nig_36_8">156,816,105</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.86%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_66C0X1EyJ0uepKdGgIqldw_36_10">156,816,105</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-6</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:4.55%;padding-right:4.55%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_9c2106b6_e2b2_4d9e_8341_075c301dc976"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">NIU TECHNOLOGIES</p><a id="CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCHANGESINSHAREHO"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:6pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_95deb6d0_a6c3_4e5d_8867_4c023669dc95"></a><a id="Tc_h5qCYOIBmUyuIMOSFlFjeg_1_8"></a><a id="Tc_a81mTZwA30eSGF5Z76NG1Q_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_WqbrZC3hu0mA-ORpOuxuMA_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_C_M_bPpL7UO5i61YEn2XNw_2_12"></a><a id="Tc_hsev3Ol_HUGJHLxtOYLSkg_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_a1H7xVFXeUCFLL3SXq8T1g_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_osMHBUy4yEO_7n7s88DJOA_3_10"></a><a id="Tc_cZUHJ-WS_kmxscOEZNMbOg_3_12"></a><a id="Tc_LEPLNB0vqEaUrGkbvei1Lg_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_ZjXxPO7mZEKxUasXrJdkEw_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_-hzbyUxh6k2LAB2NFZZ8Eg_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_4j3nVcvZ-EGGrPeAHYeJaA_4_10"></a><a id="Tc_HStTiT-6zEiDmQ491W_xdA_4_12"></a><a id="Tc_FGCjqnmm3UCktV0RdglCzA_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_4AGQ4RIp1Uy7adgW1u4mCg_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_G9Nms2ro1kmiKpA78jMP0g_5_6"></a><a id="Tc_H-0mFwCjW0e1v-UCHaJXOg_5_8"></a><a id="Tc_7ZxrNg1HNEWpK1_YlBgwWQ_5_10"></a><a id="Tc_l5eIUJNs80O1p5-u_l3EKw_5_12"></a><a id="Tc_YsFk6XL4B0KovLFWMsW-cg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_Qx4D-HNRuESa2KX_QA-BgA_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_3jFFG9MhHkSwohq128qnWw_7_2"></a><a id="Tc_ifCjDcauM0WI7EEPgpto-A_7_4"></a><a id="Tc_Qd6tF6VirEC0TJCBQHRCfg_7_6"></a><a id="Tc_4BTbudwiOE-DItyrGh2NUw_7_8"></a><a id="Tc_ChD8P9CBtkmcnaxGHbr0mA_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_2zRSTu9BUkisaFW1MbZOcA_8_2"></a><a id="Tc_bx4PCBj4SEeIqz_j45oHCA_8_4"></a><a id="Tc_hTooLQUtBEGK4O76Z8TJdQ_8_6"></a><a id="Tc_nFcX7wDly0y_3XUJIya94Q_8_10"></a><a id="Tc_Q8q7nY7yw0G5c-gP64WKHQ_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_ylwnquFQJ0KHXc3sv-cdnw_9_2"></a><a id="Tc_3VBBq1NR10yqlGo90iPnbA_9_4"></a><a id="Tc_hk5I1EU0ekyxk9WKBSx68g_9_6"></a><a id="Tc_rPqAoFkdr0-czaSQXsoyBQ_9_10"></a><a id="Tc_q77vERBDFUaXKDmQ9VdpiA_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_eo8T88osB0SK4YAGtvP6UQ_10_2"></a><a id="Tc_N3DuOqEAfkiMF3Dr2Jv8IQ_10_4"></a><a id="Tc_orp5H8KZEkOswnpM5jlaoQ_10_6"></a><a id="Tc_PmaGvew7TEKkDiMo5TVqOw_10_10"></a><a id="Tc_tlcUltEr90SsAoJVkY_jFA_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_0BDekhf6DEmtk7oRrWivbQ_11_2"></a><a id="Tc_6kjIkhUxE0W7tXkFSJvJYg_11_4"></a><a id="Tc_qRGNUVDwlECP08S_xRpKLQ_11_8"></a><a id="Tc_CmQe4fhPCEGoCoL9IrczBw_11_10"></a><a id="Tc_ve-9JpbDCEa5Hn6fiH5ZgA_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_tRtUoMpJW02X87uWkTfdsw_12_8"></a><a id="Tc_rhIUXK_H6U-aAqI1GGgX7g_12_10"></a><a id="Tc_Cjw3CaRWAkeCRdBuXS0Mpw_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_MszdgrNTJ0KcspKB_gjCHw_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_-Sm5fsyqwE6pEDuVTkfUIQ_15_2"></a><a id="Tc_UtyRef5ZOEOFSBJjvOWdFg_15_4"></a><a id="Tc_7PPG-lAx8kquoaLmQ_kQdQ_15_6"></a><a id="Tc_6p73PPGWukirBdJSPWoXMw_15_8"></a><a id="Tc_doTpEoxgUEmycbHQV0NIaA_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_Z0WtRxZZP0Gfk_dsNAoRIQ_16_2"></a><a id="Tc_W4yL6N55TUSUstSb2Zn_Hg_16_4"></a><a id="Tc_LJZhNiPemEKmBXIudaiWgg_16_6"></a><a id="Tc_OfXi8RG4SU2F8mZfPWtS_A_16_10"></a><a id="Tc_R6zGDuj1gE-9v7PiwXaHDQ_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_Vvun9ScOHECEQctgYy5r0w_17_2"></a><a id="Tc_Cd8ZCHvvmEOVfjZq1HwILg_17_4"></a><a id="Tc_WlxR-gPW5kKDmTigbRy4qg_17_6"></a><a id="Tc_IpaeR3Qwjk-39NEUjUrA9w_17_10"></a><a id="Tc_VYfXcDYzNU-HmfFsLK40bQ_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_6nIm1--Fqk2_nR4_l5CTAw_18_2"></a><a id="Tc_Pke2gjMJhkSyXJrPkruixw_18_4"></a><a id="Tc_cIjNKG5RhE-5zie1lBzNvA_18_6"></a><a id="Tc_Fitj5hYhVEGEZnNVPxio5Q_18_10"></a><a id="Tc_pb9j3-qitE2SyLOYetOycA_19_0"></a><a id="Tc_ZthW0ASkHUSWwLFOGwUlDQ_19_2"></a><a id="Tc_fTZvpO3SZ0S1yOBq2wc9CA_19_4"></a><a id="Tc_pXqY8mZJxUeNIR2u0btDsg_19_8"></a><a id="Tc_lVrsAOnpQkWNYNejDTMXYw_19_10"></a><a id="Tc_2GfMmYvOMkaKifAHnpAFcA_20_0"></a><a id="Tc_BQ8FY814MEiuXyCiREg2Vw_20_8"></a><a id="Tc_EJxlZ6IZBU69k1ixD0RrVg_20_10"></a><a id="Tc_9umwp0m6_E-AEGOTGFAW2w_22_0"></a><a id="Tc_uQ4oOnlmMEa4bcGUr_Hm_A_23_0"></a><a id="Tc_Br5zZi9xJkmKipD_qOyOXA_23_2"></a><a id="Tc_jrkTc-GTnUSjhkrNlyjbaQ_23_4"></a><a id="Tc_Tqy7u5a-gU6YuNnOXz2FCg_23_6"></a><a id="Tc_vG9M9H9PxkyH83JbfmN5AQ_23_8"></a><a id="Tc__46BupScNUyLXcuiaoXIWA_24_0"></a><a id="Tc_ERb87yCOCUutJbRo_zOjtQ_24_2"></a><a id="Tc_XcV2bwotvUC4DyEztFz7Rw_24_4"></a><a id="Tc_tW3sg3GGuEClt8WQlQxW-w_24_6"></a><a id="Tc_hsFrvwqshkOybTiQ2T8U5w_24_10"></a><a id="Tc_UURw5GG8fkGpIuk4spDFaA_25_0"></a><a id="Tc_9wX6yE4hkUuwhp9x0V0Bsw_25_2"></a><a id="Tc_HZjKh9WBnUGxAvRhhH5NBA_25_4"></a><a id="Tc_v8_fn9DC3ESuQ793__waJw_25_6"></a><a id="Tc_D0El4tbaIkuyFNXgUHFHqQ_25_10"></a><a id="Tc_tRaz9gOycU6C0_ZRDbGQQw_26_0"></a><a id="Tc_-LqBFFGHYk2baCuRt9K0Sw_26_2"></a><a id="Tc_km13bbemTkeUZP2Drx2zJQ_26_4"></a><a id="Tc_A9EHcA3gu0ukqTbBWydAcw_26_6"></a><a id="Tc_K0KcytEa8E2R3mgV0TuQ4g_26_10"></a><a id="Tc_oisQ4q6LW0KunUkxxwD63A_27_0"></a><a id="Tc_FXnhP3VugUiMFqgcAhmiPA_27_2"></a><a id="Tc_6MU6dNd7BEOb1Puk-f-0rg_27_4"></a><a id="Tc_mdNDXF5kOUSh4AG5_Inu5Q_27_8"></a><a id="Tc_PlA4XyEvdU2JHHYL4vP15w_27_10"></a><a id="Tc_9CfiqV9gcEOUX_2UaT6opw_28_0"></a><a id="Tc_j924QiNdOEGTT54Ag5L8bA_28_8"></a><a id="Tc_4pW3OE1uCUmL6fwYL8JsUA_28_10"></a><a id="Tc_WOn3cl0UjEeCLihWPb7GBQ_30_0"></a><a id="Tc_ceJ-GKmPr0e8jY-FfLsmHA_31_0"></a><a id="Tc_t2PVbc9tMU2zCIAHV6_41g_31_2"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Additional</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">other</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">paid-in</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">comprehensive</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shareholders&#8217;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.54%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ordinary shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">capital</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">loss</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">deficit</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">equity </b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of January 1, 2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_kfnz2g0yg0OwBh95Oxo-wg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_JjAJmqX4PEqSsdTsoLNIIw_6_2">152,360,452</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_kfnz2g0yg0OwBh95Oxo-wg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_9LjAcFBfIEqtSlFAojuOhA_6_4">98,502</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_CNAxB7l45EONtn7vWGwDVg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_kkEUgyAN5UuI9dlES8aCkA_6_6">1,801,940,071</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_PVavdicvkEW5rRxWL5QT9Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_tXzLPSRz3EyTJ7vmD_MHkA_6_8">43,016,027</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_z0SFeGHLzES_hQXzx8zTHg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_TziqIPqc_ke4GvlxNAclrw_6_10">765,648,302</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_AtzcQ49y2kqLthOHk3-yQw_6_12">993,374,244</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_AlzehEETVkuKybcVe9sM8Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" scale="0" id="Tc_1rMfBeo6DUO2Ywjj3EchtA_7_10">225,820,409</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" scale="0" id="Tc_vSbSArj6jk6DrxMWZEM0-g_7_12">225,820,409</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Narr_QKSmyY6HG0mpdvZG3AsucQ">nil</ix:nonFraction> income taxes</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tmpeG-uB_kOnBu8I7v0dSQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_1C4XYKwXwUKWIUcTGhqDDg_8_8">9,657,187</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_-Vua5o3TZUqeSqY4256qng_8_12">9,657,187</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Unrealized holding gains on available-for- sale security, net of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax" scale="0" id="Narr_7pny6F_zB0WhmQD7I3H5iA">5,809,288</ix:nonFraction> income taxes</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tmpeG-uB_kOnBu8I7v0dSQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_BZleMaOcaUyyUyjHN8Adxg_9_8">17,427,865</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_PvbEkHuWp0yokYMx0NuALA_9_12">17,427,865</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Reclassification adjustment for gains on available-for-sale securities realized in net income, net of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax" scale="0" id="Narr_8fLJr0PW7EuQ1Jrizj6cSQ">5,291,894</ix:nonFraction> income taxes</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tmpeG-uB_kOnBu8I7v0dSQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_v6Pp8q-hVk-83ynJ79l_4g_10_8">15,875,681</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_VRJcmHJUAUCg21Kuhc99yQ_10_12">15,875,681</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share-based compensation (Note 15)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_LItJGHQBcUudzuLWFuleOg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" scale="0" id="Tc_GWyZ3hnds0Wdsodpb1_kbg_11_6">47,218,156</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" scale="0" id="Tc_u9IgDiGOQkuvRAQzbk7hxQ_11_12">47,218,156</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Exercise of share-based awards</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_nBXICK9Fk0S3Z6_uaHw2UA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares" scale="0" id="Tc_7zm-vQcrj0aiTXVGA6sYwg_12_2">1,320,378</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_nBXICK9Fk0S3Z6_uaHw2UA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" scale="0" id="Tc_evAkC6HpOkmrw8utXMAIRg_12_4">852</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_LItJGHQBcUudzuLWFuleOg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" scale="0" id="Tc_iGsx4Dj8CEOC9G7ojLWa9Q_12_6">6,245,532</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" scale="0" id="Tc_lDqXOHy1-UOiOyI4gFQP8A_12_12">6,246,384</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December 31, 2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_DCDRZoESgkWOIczbfXiixg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_ne89xhDWLE-7RF7VjjzGAg_14_2">153,680,830</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_DCDRZoESgkWOIczbfXiixg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_OsdlN-y3ZECpXkwWftrXPQ_14_4">99,354</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_ubqeRh4XnUSzf4MpWD8W0g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_hx8GK3XcUUGmZ6Hux2YYaw_14_6">1,855,403,759</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_HHUrLk5pU0qHPpno-B236g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_YAnzXRx9FEefwO80vFCsew_14_8">51,121,030</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_c-7C3CAEtUClQkVMdJKWSQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_VxPNGf8XPU-rNw7BUhlJ3Q_14_10">539,827,893</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_Fh8vifYiYEasfQkhET2tHw_14_12">1,264,554,190</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net loss</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_VkO_rpuUX0Sa1Pc22yWigQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_jJ6peAZz0UyAO3sgcYrksg_15_10">49,462,929</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_y1RDat1NdUusmpNwtaF6wg_15_12">49,462,929</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Narr_nKDxRfHSQkOqIM8LNbD8YQ">nil</ix:nonFraction> income taxes</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_agEVT4aYDE-6uhlFHeNkcQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Tc_GkQx4M1AakyJuG2vAr6L_Q_16_8">37,342,724</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Tc_Nh797S34P0mTSTf0_xkqmA_16_12">37,342,724</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Unrealized holding gains on available-for- sale security, net of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax" scale="0" id="Narr_aBhdqc9Uu0u7NVlN87XZHA">1,184,686</ix:nonFraction> income taxes</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_agEVT4aYDE-6uhlFHeNkcQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_q3u_pa_NEkiNdYPEedXRjg_17_8">6,460,896</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_VCLOjkKIrUiwoW_yyxcDcw_17_12">6,460,896</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Reclassification adjustment for gains on available-for-sale securities realized in net income, net of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax" scale="0" id="Narr_79yt6H2Tz0izQesUwHj-NA">1,698,460</ix:nonFraction> income taxes</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_agEVT4aYDE-6uhlFHeNkcQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_gLGGp-XimEixunPwEvT5IA_18_8">9,219,276</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_oiX0Ho3AK06FMQzt1G2J4A_18_12">9,219,276</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share-based compensation (Note 15)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_mzyutG9yOkeSznoIibR7wQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" scale="0" id="Tc_djTvyWsiPkOP5v_7X7wb_g_19_6">58,219,186</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" scale="0" id="Tc_WUBD8F9rZEi6KW3pBUzGYQ_19_12">58,219,186</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Exercise of share-based awards</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_jr9cpPqQEEOizyiTuFfy4g" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares" scale="0" id="Tc_plm173j1H0GzW02ogEOfgQ_20_2">580,732</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_jr9cpPqQEEOizyiTuFfy4g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" scale="0" id="Tc_cgr61RS5EUW2Xn_HVUwpAQ_20_4">390</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_mzyutG9yOkeSznoIibR7wQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" scale="0" id="Tc_jZmGsNzFck6zWYblns0bhQ_20_6">2,202,696</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" scale="0" id="Tc_2cNQxl9KKUeQCEHzW89AkQ_20_12">2,203,086</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December 31, 2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_79MAWzEkJ0uQyMrUfyxnHA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_S2QuWSBuCUuulXiejb6OBQ_22_2">154,261,562</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_79MAWzEkJ0uQyMrUfyxnHA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_Z4Y26nPltkyivtEwuouzxA_22_4">99,744</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_fPHDrkfuo0qY6viwWEKSJw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_ZedzwbOCUk6DCZmxkRFhbQ_22_6">1,915,825,641</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_cRt43KydYEqcP3ZBNXe38g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_AlC4PHQvoEauPPC92WPwZw_22_8">16,536,686</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_mnCMUrjWk0ysd2bZMqC31w" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_VFrwvQ75T0W2pVWD1gupGw_22_10">589,290,822</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_-xEhktcpZkaYGmG41VTHAQ_22_12">1,310,097,877</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net loss</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_ekTN0GaQgU2GPP4iGHnfKg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_t3IeeXz8GkCoSIgLaB6KFg_23_10">271,835,982</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_E2QSPyMuO06lmVsth2DtUA_23_12">271,835,982</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Narr_EvtnlGAwOEi_Ul0p6jiAyA">nil</ix:nonFraction> income taxes</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tBZSH1ASIUGZm94dSUhodw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Tc_4NGxSqPB2UiTZcCNh3NfAg_24_8">7,386,368</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" scale="0" id="Tc_lNLLxOzgEEy6OkTllWZk4g_24_12">7,386,368</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Unrealized holding gains on available-for- sale security, net of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax" scale="0" id="Narr_WN36W3e92kWaIggFgz2XxA">3,080</ix:nonFraction> income taxes</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tBZSH1ASIUGZm94dSUhodw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_QZjIBdg39UuwryZcvof6DQ_25_8">17,454</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_XN5Y3BzaC0qzGx_UxQ55aw_25_12">17,454</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Reclassification adjustment for gains on available-for-sale securities realized in net income, net of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax" scale="0" id="Narr_olQoK0avC0OkGlY-SMlMrA">64,025</ix:nonFraction> income taxes</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tBZSH1ASIUGZm94dSUhodw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_sIJ2yDR2LkOC9pMvs8mn5w_26_8">362,810</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" scale="0" id="Tc_np2OODnt1UqISAu6tbIdIA_26_12">362,810</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share-based compensation (Note 15)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_Qlqy4Fhh802wG7hmzrtUdQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" scale="0" id="Tc_FGXgnYmMv02mJFG7N2HUZg_27_6">47,659,304</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" scale="0" id="Tc_srrN5lONIEKapjRB0WfPTw_27_12">47,659,304</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Exercise of share-based awards</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_KzpIQUAsHUeCVVgW4Ek73g" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares" scale="0" id="Tc_8XoNjqar30er5dpwt9qGKw_28_2">855,468</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_KzpIQUAsHUeCVVgW4Ek73g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" scale="0" id="Tc_jH8JMDfP30S_OYSAepa2Xg_28_4">603</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_Qlqy4Fhh802wG7hmzrtUdQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" scale="0" id="Tc_bQGszR3cHkW1o5b9QKQRww_28_6">653,420</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" scale="0" id="Tc_BCbabtcSCkqqyWBzHHoN7Q_28_12">654,023</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December 31, 2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_5Gca9mf5z0eHEgwfdxlLbg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_1KSWu12i10CyAQjvM8pkUQ_30_2">155,117,030</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_5Gca9mf5z0eHEgwfdxlLbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_NloDpkfN8EK9f1yb6SqJZg_30_4">100,347</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_CS5iCpoLXUam6XjydGmhuQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_aERqSBBGWUy0T5bGhI5wHw_30_6">1,964,138,365</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_TPH2MohUqUqGaYi3k0W2Pw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_WSYlzrz63USaNueoytSZbg_30_8">9,495,674</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_z1bJW4rYXkCKBMi1xFZ2YQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Fr7XSeGL00GhblW1VVaS_g_30_10">861,126,804</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_G5Ah0WfSMUOA6R86nI_oBQ_30_12">1,093,616,234</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:37.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance as of December 31, 2023 &#8212; US$ (Note 2(d))</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> &#8212;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_5Gca9mf5z0eHEgwfdxlLbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_P0ZX8d4rokWdenZZ8GJVqA_31_4">14,134</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_CS5iCpoLXUam6XjydGmhuQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_PJm1NhZAfkWbRRESex6o5w_31_6">276,643,103</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.86%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_TPH2MohUqUqGaYi3k0W2Pw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_7_09M4D1qkuSdZ0LRWzsdg_31_8">1,337,438</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_z1bJW4rYXkCKBMi1xFZ2YQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_ByBWyGgLVkebhYCTuGW1tg_31_10">121,287,174</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_i0BNV6xdcUqwzvxZI2VaBQ_31_12">154,032,625</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;">The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-7</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:90.91%;border:0;margin:30pt 4.55% 30pt 4.55%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:21.6pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_e28632a3_889e_4801_9137_9b871b522220"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU TECHNOLOGIES</p><a id="CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCASHFLOWS_181959"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_694cfdf0_e155_4523_a557_b58c79de2b14"></a><a id="Tc_AV0L0KPrOEW1A6LAYvoJ0A_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_Q1JGiR_8ZUONJ6pN8l0-5w_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_snyPfwI_qEyNhnGbTUAJAw_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_oUO1xHJz7Ui2DOjCn29bxw_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_k-LUj3kEZ02ukUoYEfJJ8A_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_T1Jhfbhzg0OcA6l6dcISMA_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_1EvniyE8uUyeK8b2XACEbg_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_HVlW9TEb10ee1eaVWCpx_w_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_eoYnJsynj02mzqD71Kit7A_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_kiLK1qg5PUSgCLQbDiyyZg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_OuKjmzI8kUyxY2zd7zSPTg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_RfWq3OndGUyEDUR-ab6wbg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_o2yto-06GUmoBv4y_pNgtw_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_DQXosVmxUEWeTV7-ecFhag_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_WRKM5tezyUahBh0FlFt5Cw_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_5EaUOamxQUKiJg8W_DbFcg_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_OXLZ7kq-hkmSDofH3GJmIg_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_CsHDNwwKbkWtRMb2LYmKVg_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_BcMQQ6CXP0yCd58DuCDIwQ_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_FVSkoAETjUG2dsAkFJXETA_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_ouTKc1lY20-XwXqLibE0bA_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_aXxMLd8hBkeLoeqakFLcmA_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_vXmevQgUgUyYnScF1-975w_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_proxrMs-Ik-csd3SAdTlTw_19_0"></a><a id="Tc_3s1CEINDn0yvLZuF8VCvYA_20_0"></a><a id="Tc_b8vWSMUB10O3_OyL1CpbCg_21_0"></a><a id="Tc_9c8jj6JW_EWjJge_itLLmw_22_0"></a><a id="Tc_GXXchY6mokeJf6mWikKrvQ_23_0"></a><a id="Tc_dU-NkYr7Q02cmUyZpSgnRA_24_0"></a><a id="Tc_ZJa9l9EzM0OF_6tNG_lGxw_25_0"></a><a id="Tc_uTBW83R5eEGw7TlmOyhQqw_26_0"></a><a id="Tc_pBzM2FhxOkWKzSrOOz3Msw_26_2"></a><a id="Tc_HOd1B0I2aU-5dEPOpbmf4Q_27_0"></a><a id="Tc_Kiqb8JkWyU-6N-vRwb3rbQ_28_0"></a><a id="Tc_AcWTCKtKy0WClq2670SjjA_29_0"></a><a id="Tc_iVOwrY2GI0yKXSj4rG_aeA_30_0"></a><a id="Tc_FOwfYoop10eyEmL0CvBKGg_32_0"></a><a id="Tc_yAGHrP156kOamuWcZ7bogw_33_0"></a><a id="Tc_ISFz_9jItEOO_zV2100GMQ_34_0"></a><a id="Tc_zHM4tu1rlk2bZArA4yyHsw_35_0"></a><a id="Tc_fSzewGY9U0ekBcN1RoprxQ_36_0"></a><a id="Tc_wECeR_U-TUyROyq22jW1ZQ_37_0"></a><a id="Tc_MoS8iI1wVEOtx0-TrczHQQ_38_0"></a><a id="Tc_xYDyn6--xkekR0g_mLLQ8g_38_2"></a><a id="Tc_Vu9e8lto5UWNIYGXm5B7bA_38_6"></a><a id="Tc_YIGZhihJvkieqQb49dvcOw_38_8"></a><a id="Tc_U-s2Z9iG5UefsvNAakp9rA_39_0"></a><a id="Tc_uJw9RDPrGk6pe0qluaVA1Q_39_4"></a><a id="Tc_Iz4fhgZPZ06Sjv1a4dhOug_39_6"></a><a id="Tc_1O0N0rUfRESKnQzsjjdE8w_39_8"></a><a id="Tc_ZViHEEYsM0GFvWC5nmHUpQ_40_0"></a><a id="Tc_btXpW7bKbUa6Dp0wEYIjQw_42_0"></a><a id="Tc_ZxNccI5p50GbWzRPgDKeGw_43_0"></a><a id="Tc_uQZ2HY0g-kCZUHob4RyFKw_44_0"></a><a id="Tc_1lDr8vVPOEC5sqyXdoTuxw_45_0"></a><a id="Tc_mjGZ4kuD8ESN9GBaFWPGkA_46_0"></a><a id="Tc_4d-8vTMH5UeTWxtWbEdZSg_47_0"></a><a id="Tc_tTGypljUOkumbVPYzKDgaA_48_0"></a><a id="Tc_9nfkoAK0ek2pLItO6zBGpQ_49_0"></a><a id="Tc_quFV0rRfAEKWyta3Lw4UNQ_50_0"></a><a id="Tc_78-ThJs-HkC2NjH6zAWQ7A_52_0"></a><a id="Tc_56TBGLmJEUqaDgDZ-KH5hw_54_0"></a><a id="Tc_iTix3LQbDE-vvFcSxQChMQ_55_0"></a><a id="Tc_Z5ppNgBj4EOGLCOeXbs1ug_56_0"></a><a id="Tc_cBASQ_GL206_m3kVM-YEVQ_57_0"></a><a id="Tc_Lib6Vd01LUq8N7tJQQlypA_57_2"></a><a id="Tc_8KKJQnK3O0ubFYgZAh0qGQ_57_6"></a><a id="Tc_VrIV2hSl5kmy_4NGIxDWUA_57_8"></a><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:40.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:19.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(Note&#160;2(d))</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Operating activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net income (loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" scale="0" id="Tc_AbMPc8F2E0KUvq2OTLCT5Q_6_2">225,820,409</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_L8egm9COsUCBUM0RP994uw_6_4">49,462,929</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_lDp514nPY0m9ACfQMWC70Q_6_6">271,835,982</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_g0Hnlmz0WEKOp00HlJNPTA_6_8">38,287,297</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Allowance for doubtful accounts (Note 4)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_vBc18G2y_kmeMChZzYrSag_8_2">1,272,454</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_h62TxKFrOESeLaBHlqazYg_8_4">25,044,327</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_da03ovzIRUKpRye1tYVc7g_8_6">139,445,017</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_tatzjxPiXEKglywZrqUZuQ_8_8">19,640,420</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Share-based compensation (Note 15)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" id="Tc_jtNSuRvIGU6DYctOG9js8Q_9_2">47,218,156</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" id="Tc_rSgkCLrJOEGsRzEVTCbD9w_9_4">58,219,186</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" id="Tc_EcYJglZ02EGqTbQAtBA4qw_9_6">47,659,304</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" id="Tc_oVRhpNUV9UCQ1pVf3Ux07g_9_8">6,712,673</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Depreciation and amortization (Note 7 and 8)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" scale="0" id="Tc_FH2eas8d6kK-XiaHkAAInw_10_2">95,473,048</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" scale="0" id="Tc_s_id41DK2EKN55lQd0R9Og_10_4">142,711,409</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" scale="0" id="Tc_vTbss3Xp-0aT_FDzHY7hgQ_10_6">148,064,759</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" scale="0" id="Tc_7255fwb0CUqDd_h1Vu_tJw_10_8">20,854,485</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss" scale="0" id="Tc_aPZCmEVpqUmB85LRo3REuQ_11_2">10,730,213</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss" scale="0" id="Tc_8pg0arVCKkqQg2Sr7-mXnA_11_4">8,525,547</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss" scale="0" id="Tc_K07RCbCX8kKMO9ApW6MD4A_11_6">8,303,344</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss" scale="0" id="Tc_ixDh2x0E0EyKGYiGFtn5ew_11_8">1,169,502</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Investment income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_hXiW-BcVukGKm2I67IWpxQ_12_2">21,167,575</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_8Jv3s9bEk0qEhbuQMkBDJQ_12_4">10,917,736</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_c4hw_vsmuki-7kmU6WyaIg_12_6">1,426,370</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_7u8ZD00tJkKmAAymRMi7wQ_12_8">200,900</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_ObG_7QN-_U2iLO1TaTYVnQ_13_2">1,882,626</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized" scale="0" id="Tc_D-XcHySwAUi1kUc0e5skRQ_13_4">7,508,084</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized" scale="0" id="Tc_wki_yEK0wECKqEZlNnoKTA_13_6">4,557,547</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized" scale="0" id="Tc_kDvdIWDflEOChFS_NlDDUA_13_8">641,917</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Deferred income tax expense (benefit)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" id="Tc_OBuHTsGNGE24SDZh2Ha0uA_14_2">4,321,601</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_h90s5ut14U66AOdH7bKhVQ_14_4">6,079,533</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_MKPfA3S_XESJ_eXfwTZEHw_14_6">10,952,309</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Sr2jPzQ9ZEqkgAQSKdzzEA_14_8">1,542,600</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Fdk6G_Q7nEGIw_2YkmZCXw_15_2">235,581</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_pvgFTd6rcE6CKM1GxjTMDQ_15_4">478,457</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Prjlq7CBKUCoxyTdkFFg0Q_15_6">22,077</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_yogvCGhBWE6mQY49j4DK-w_15_8">3,109</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Write-down of inventories (Note 5)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown" scale="0" id="Tc_vGqaZvASPUmahjIwRd_uoQ_16_2">3,679,669</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown" scale="0" id="Tc_33S32hYba0SFQI6e6K4dDA_16_4">8,991,793</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown" scale="0" id="Tc_muxVEH940Ua36d75CCUbQg_16_6">21,681,652</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown" scale="0" id="Tc_M0pMhianYUGuUuMPXOKUVQ_16_8">3,053,797</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</i></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Accounts receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" scale="0" id="Tc_g5j4v1uPikuP_Fhol4EXCA_18_2">168,520,346</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" scale="0" id="Tc_cUmj-jcr2k-8bOVl5h_2Ig_18_4">56,145,868</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_TbDuoRGLtUqqpS8wRZC9WA_18_6">65,371,286</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_lq_I76q-zkiy9n0cqTLwJQ_18_8">9,207,353</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Inventories</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" scale="0" id="Tc_HgfSlZqIgkyZWaU-DKnazw_19_2">131,185,130</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" scale="0" id="Tc_Ds02-vMc80WrkQ5RdfkWvQ_19_4">156,107,463</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_RujvQhqHzk-6fmwLFU7YEA_19_6">2,627,537</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_FnuPUyI4MUuqMLe-5ulFmg_19_8">370,081</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_zaQd6D6yIUOKUczaBHU_Ig_20_2">24,763,588</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_usfVC0X1fkuYxQv4DxUBIg_20_4">125,888,562</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_IMki44lnA0WXV1Mptnfbbw_20_6">5,062,337</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_uX1wE_gOHEm0f5Bufjhcpg_20_8">713,015</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Other non-current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_t37PjctsDUy_Cvae8QFbBg_21_2">1,520,050</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_3mO9IfkLpE63lgMj6hJGWQ_21_4">1,834,238</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc__83zkxM4M0S6An6XzeXA5A_21_6">6,269,554</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_06K7lOf67kmf6XHEttTzXQ_21_8">883,048</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Accounts payable and notes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" scale="0" id="Tc_7IaG6jWFaUS0q7T_6h5jfQ_22_2">286,726,602</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" scale="0" id="Tc_V-NWEjqK_0uJpH6xjoVGoA_22_4">93,747,996</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_QzpKZww460yX7S_6KHVR8w_22_6">33,303,059</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_kXmt5SZAhkKEM0OL8aH_Dw_22_8">4,690,638</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Advances from customers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_6zG5bAegvUi78guwLj5wNw_23_2">22,764,635</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers" scale="0" id="Tc_xBB1I3dgbE2Mbe1LMh3mfw_23_4">7,545,887</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_5TtJ59Mt6UO03ku9SFn7HA_23_6">5,657,752</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_WqRZFRjilUKFMM3lmNwL9g_23_8">796,878</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_DUkzSZhjYEWpV1DYq0pTAA_24_2">18,119,340</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_GIKxLdwOmkWWYI6ytU0r4w_24_4">5,517,801</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_DIZ8Y-nXSkacm-ZhNAHlyw_24_6">5,953,975</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_7YzcuCiUCUaFDUjT0vW9eg_24_8">838,600</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Other non-current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_N55NnHLFXEqstZkFADu2AQ_25_2">4,374,815</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_PdS10cWIREq71tVXnRo46w_25_4">9,365,449</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Y_2TUF8xtEKSoeAPr3O9IQ_25_6">1,280,068</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_7za5GMUY4USmR98sCal8nw_25_8">180,294</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Income tax receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable" scale="0" id="Tc_vP_OWRMLJ0-BzLQpEwd-3A_26_4">13,349,602</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_DxcxUQ1ahk6rgo5Oe2_H3A_26_6">13,340,152</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_GqE2fBZ0CUOG1r2NLOMl8g_26_8">1,878,921</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Income taxes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" scale="0" id="Tc_jMEBL467E0q7MAUlHrqbag_27_2">3,046,431</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_ntaGlRj-3EmDOQLjKe7m5w_27_4">15,703,460</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_XWPCE1PyZUapHWqTKiH5wg_27_6">540,152</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_D6Lsmz8kaEaQLv0sTrAV1g_27_8">76,079</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_HWAoRib42ESzbX1t1yNdNw_28_2">15,256,165</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_pO-dHYjWCUCUsuqp3kRprQ_28_4">13,056,147</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_kQVKoRQtmUKFmgAzlqkiaQ_28_6">21,922,192</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_FTXqtkC6ikKBO31OolLQjw_28_8">3,087,676</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_uTKe9rxAzkGMXESl4Mr5tQ_29_2">8,351,554</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_uoMD069pGkWbIz8553In4A_29_4">7,219,675</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_ac2vrNRjSkOfWWDCgo3NaA_29_6">8,465,797</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_CVJVXtWq7U6frmdpWKLXZw_29_8">1,192,383</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_iB-sM3YQ4Um5vSFlIlkLug_30_2">334,174,702</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_g1JmnTG_4k-8wsPz2XjeDA_30_4">121,856,343</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_LkBsDdbhJEOEvZY44YyFlg_30_6">93,735,092</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_ctrzZNm2gUiK0tUfLtrVIg_30_8">13,202,312</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Investing activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Cash paid for purchase of property, plant and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" id="Tc_iJoGwyoT-E-okeShPKaPug_33_2">285,745,233</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" id="Tc_UIlcpR6LWkGKydNxlFtONw_33_4">135,349,387</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" id="Tc_eRGWXBpZRU-L1h3hbmIdhA_33_6">78,934,562</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" id="Tc_NhoPh0JwqEmG0gpF8qf-bw_33_8">11,117,701</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Purchase of term deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits" scale="0" id="Tc_xYq78qbzx0af-YKfJ-I0xw_34_2">357,162,950</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits" scale="0" id="Tc_8znsSaBSMUqsz8GOKwTfXg_34_4">635,470,550</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits" scale="0" id="Tc_l3n-qQr98EmPFVda3bZVqg_34_6">379,419,347</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits" scale="0" id="Tc_19pKuT4xkUyYSFpHvVETBA_34_8">53,440,096</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Cash received from redemption of term deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits" scale="0" id="Tc_ijB-IXKIikGqlp6ubyF3JA_35_2">353,295,700</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits" scale="0" id="Tc_Oid5zHHAlE6vbwR-kLsrwA_35_4">551,794,100</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits" scale="0" id="Tc_cS7AnrvZaEuojFkDUWf_dg_35_6">513,238,247</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits" scale="0" id="Tc_E8MsLws-D0G62FcfEqd6qw_35_8">72,288,095</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Cash paid for purchase of short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_qLuplS8mEEiIsReMERfPKQ_36_2">6,032,000,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc__fE8PmLTm0u_iXs_xCJN7Q_36_4">2,593,000,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_IXiv3nqMNUabo7lDMtT7CA_36_6">420,000,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_EaaPAasI-UKmkiGJRJIeIw_36_8">59,155,763</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Cash received from sale of short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_v5mKVaLtN0CUoeIoaVpwBA_37_2">6,027,167,575</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_JzKvbLRue0ui5NqymJaVDQ_37_4">3,213,917,736</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_cY78pcXbaESa2j-0-o5H6w_37_6">581,426,370</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_ugCxT91BME6dSL0hhieDDw_37_8">81,892,191</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Prepayment for an investment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi" scale="0" id="Tc_XMCRi580O0apD8yv8UFOZw_38_4">4,000,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_CgwLlV7LV0KXU4JA2g5LFQ_39_2">614,066</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Dq24n6vTXkynRoV1lUR35w_40_2">295,058,974</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_CSNwaPSjWUCzUo-B3yaZxQ_40_4">397,891,899</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_o9BodYdC1ESi1nWAs5A9qQ_40_6">216,310,708</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_zTC2HrnP602YThNgtXELTw_40_8">30,466,726</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financing activities:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Cash received from exercise of employee stock options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" scale="0" id="Tc_830pHe3uc0KKpZTGIqb9EQ_43_2">6,246,384</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" scale="0" id="Tc_v7_Ies4Laku_epmW7c_XDw_43_4">2,203,086</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" scale="0" id="Tc_k_PURHzHtE6VLy030cdqtg_43_6">654,023</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" scale="0" id="Tc_jbuAVGJss0Supcgx1mXvjw_43_8">92,117</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Proceeds from short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromBankDebt" scale="0" id="Tc_b8CJRkEQgEKofgNqTLQWZQ_44_2">340,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromBankDebt" scale="0" id="Tc_Q87Xd1E-pUOrT1Gi4jX63Q_44_4">340,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromBankDebt" scale="0" id="Tc_lhSyjntnnEKrzCu7ragvFA_44_6">100,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromBankDebt" scale="0" id="Tc_cIyuu6SaLEye2oA0cAl9PQ_44_8">14,084,705</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Repayment for short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfBankDebt" scale="0" id="Tc_ApscTN27-Eyc82VIZTe7Yg_45_2">340,000,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfBankDebt" scale="0" id="Tc_Z4-VriBgyEGj1Z41gaA3MA_45_4">360,000,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfBankDebt" scale="0" id="Tc_-dLoelVtI0qsFMSkEaLfgQ_45_6">160,000,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfBankDebt" scale="0" id="Tc_3uir7v3O1Ui1TbsbjyQxqw_45_8">22,535,528</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_v_mW8IirPUKjesnxI_R4aw_46_2">6,246,384</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_fZYxpnhn_U6clnQnyXaY4A_46_4">17,796,914</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_FP4qdIrol0iGVTUpyZT0Ww_46_6">59,345,977</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_eYfInyZr8E6ijiNW2vPhcA_46_8">8,358,706</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_G-GuLZYnAkut4Z2ORTaNFg_47_2">8,490,370</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" scale="0" id="Tc_3b_IYAXPykeNe0LfGB2g4Q_47_4">30,043,572</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" scale="0" id="Tc_k9SXY_-LTUmT6bQRViUE-g_47_6">8,913,200</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" scale="0" id="Tc_nV-R-bdn8UiV3JCB8DosDw_47_8">1,255,398</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="0" id="Tc_01X3Yzywvk2rZUr1ilsOPA_48_2">36,871,742</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="0" id="Tc_0Xq3OGH5KEWSaTze2RFDeQ_48_4">288,282,214</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="0" id="Tc_HDc6pzyfrkqLbOXQ_CPqow_48_6">259,613,023</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="0" id="Tc_dURzp5E8PUKVyMeNHj-yEQ_48_8">36,565,730</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_bo-bgSUGzESoONzhEAEzsw_49_2">395,473,214</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_CgypgQF-LkyCl_CMoj2FAg_49_4">432,344,956</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_dv-jD7SS3ku_iPk9W4Tb0Q_49_6">720,627,170</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_DHsm56TAzEKQUyD-oeISlg_49_8">101,498,214</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year </b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_7vIdVsJyX0OPaB3HExiQcw_50_2">432,344,956</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_xtVSa6ZlF0SIcUvr9R7w9A_50_4">720,627,170</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc__p7mkP-k1Uy0uv2GTl9kEQ_50_6">980,240,193</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_eyoXP3W6-EqLPPQ3BwrZHg_50_8">138,063,944</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Supplemental information</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-weight:bold;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Interest paid</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestPaidNet" scale="0" id="Tc_dcA_vrBl8kaaRFYf6IhCUg_54_2">6,346,189</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestPaidNet" scale="0" id="Tc_ezrO8ieQqUCCCkQjTVrtsA_54_4">5,711,056</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestPaidNet" scale="0" id="Tc_jkDqNn3aAE-M6lteOi_8OA_54_6">1,616,253</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestPaidNet" scale="0" id="Tc_uMRCnhoUe0ay0CGf0trB1g_54_8">227,645</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Income tax paid</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet" scale="0" id="Tc_Ph31y9hfjEid8nSV2b6A_w_55_2">39,668,576</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet" scale="0" id="Tc_2Ta4bt-5e0GU03YUwvAAow_55_4">13,374,909</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet" scale="0" id="Tc_1PsYTCCZ90SgAhYelN4syw_55_6">1,066,182</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet" scale="0" id="Tc_jctjh4t_lkWQWqoXq280VA_55_8">150,169</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Construction payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" scale="0" id="Tc_5ljQ_a8x7EmRAmj5PmSNXQ_56_2">11,279,464</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" scale="0" id="Tc_YN_kbMwf3UObdi_W8iGq7g_56_4">7,522,480</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" scale="0" id="Tc_DKMgx9j0NU6D1bkiEHfOTw_56_6">13,441,923</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" scale="0" id="Tc_s87kjYBEn0eIvZtJRXXEnQ_56_8">1,893,255</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:58.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;">Prepayment for a service in previous year to purchase of an investment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.64%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1" scale="0" id="Tc_KgnRpvIEUkCD7Zcr4LGQRQ_57_4">3,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.61%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 2.25pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-8</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_d2841b8e_4c68_46ff_a6e6_e14477909a1b"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NIU TECHNOLOGIES</p><a id="NOTESTOTHECONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENT"></a><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</p><a id="a1DESCRIPTIONOFORGANIZATIONANDPRINCIPALA"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" id="Tb_8o6I7-kcGEulHguuz-ZEPg" continuedAt="Tb_8o6I7-kcGEulHguuz-ZEPg_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">1. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Organization and principal activities</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Niu Technologies (&#8220;the Company&#8221;), through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, consolidated variable interest entity (&#8220;VIE&#8221;) and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries (collectively referred to as &#8220;the Group&#8221;), is principally engaged in designing, manufacturing and selling of electric scooters and its accessories and spare parts under the brand name of &#8220;NIU&#8221;. The Group&#8217;s principal operations and geographic markets are primarily in the People&#8217;s Republic of China (&#8220;PRC&#8221;).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The VIE arrangements</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group operates its online business in the PRC through Beijing Niudian Technologies&#160;Co.,&#160;Ltd. (&#8220;Beijing Niudian&#8221;, or the &#8220;VIE&#8221;), a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC on September&#160;18, 2014. Beijing Niudian holds the necessary PRC operating licenses for the online business. The equity interests of Beijing Niudian are legally held by individuals who act as nominee equity holders of the VIE on behalf of Beijing Niudian Information Technology&#160;Co.,&#160;Ltd. (&#8220;Niudian Information&#8221;), the Company&#8217;s wholly-owned subsidiary. A series of contractual agreements, including Powers of Attorney, Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, Equity Pledge Agreement, Exclusive Option Agreement and Spousal Consent Letters (collectively, the &#8220;VIE Agreements&#8221;), were entered among the Company, Niudian Information, Beijing Niudian and its nominee equity holders on May&#160;27, 2015 and were subsequently amended to include registration of the Equity Pledge Agreement with the relevant registration authority on June&#160;11,&#160;2018, amended when an equity holder transferred certain equity interests to another equity holder on July&#160;20, 2018.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The contractual agreements were further amended when two equity holders transferred certain equity interests to another equity holder on March 10, 2020.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the VIE Agreements, the Company is able to exercise effective control over, bears the risks of, enjoys substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIE, and has an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in the VIE when and to the extent permitted by PRC law at the lowest price possible. The Company&#8217;s management concluded that Beijing Niudian is a VIE and the Company is its primary beneficiary. As such, the consolidated financial statements of the VIE are included in the consolidated financial statements of the&#160;Company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The principal terms of the VIE Agreements are further described below.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">1)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Powers of Attorney</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company and each of the equity holders of Beijing Niudian entered into Powers of Attorney. Pursuant to the Powers of Attorney, the equity holders of Beijing Niudian irrevocably appointed the Company as their attorney-in-fact to exercise all equity holder rights, including, but not limited to, convening and attending in the equity holders&#8217; meeting, appointing or removing directors, executive officers and senior management, disposing of all or part of the equity holder&#8217;s interests in Beijing Niudian, casting equity holder&#8217;s vote on matters requiring equity holders&#8217; approval and doing all other acts in the capacity of equity holder as permitted by Beijing Niudian&#8217;s Memorandum and Articles of Association. In addition, the Company has a right to assign its rights and benefits under the Powers of Attorney to any other parties without an advance notice to the equity holders of Beijing Niudian. The Powers of Attorney shall continue in force and be irrevocable as long as the equity holders of Beijing Niudian remain as the equity holders of Beijing Niudian.</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-9</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_8o6I7-kcGEulHguuz-ZEPg_cont1" continuedAt="Tb_8o6I7-kcGEulHguuz-ZEPg_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">2)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Niudian Information and Beijing Niudian entered into an Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, whereby Niudian Information is appointed as the exclusive service provider for the provision of business support, technology and consulting services to Beijing Niudian. Unless a written consent is given by Niudian Information, Beijing Niudian is not allowed to engage a third party to provide such services, while Niudian Information is able to designate another party to render such services to Beijing Niudian. Beijing Niudian shall pay Niudian Information on a&#160;monthly basis a service fee, which shall equal to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement" scale="-2" id="Narr_dvD-H3PRYU-59INbi5VRiA">100</ix:nonFraction>% of the&#160;monthly net profits of Beijing Niudian, and Niudian Information has the sole discretion to adjust the basis of calculation of the service fee amount according to service provided to Beijing Niudian. Niudian Information owns the exclusive intellectual property rights, whether created by Niudian Information or Beijing Niudian, as a result of the performance of the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement unless terminated in writing by Niudian Information. The Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement will be in effect until September&#160;17, 2044 which represents the end of operation term of Beijing Niudian.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">3)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Equity Pledge Agreement</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">An Equity Pledge Agreement was entered into by and among Niudian Information, Beijing Niudian and equity holders of Beijing Niudian. To guarantee payment from Beijing Niudian, including but not limited to the service fee pursuant to the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, and the performance of Beijing Niudian and the nominee equity holders&#8217; obligations under the contractual arrangements including the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, Exclusive Option Agreement and Powers of Attorney, the equity holders of Beijing Niudian pledged their respective equity in Niudian Information under the Equity Pledge Agreement to Niudian Information as collateral. In the event Beijing Niudian fails to pay Niudian Information its service fee, Niudian Information will have the right to sell the pledged equity and apply the proceeds received to pay any outstanding service fees due by Beijing Niudian to Niudian Information. The equity holders of Beijing Niudian agree that, during the term of the Equity Pledge Agreement, they will not dispose of the pledged equity or create or allow any encumbrance on the pledged equity, and they also agree that Niudian Information&#8217;s rights relating to the equity pledges shall not be prejudiced by any legal actions of the equity holders of Beijing Niudian, their successors or their designees. The equity pledges have been registered with the relevant registration authority and became effective and enforceable since registration. The Equity Pledge Agreement may only be terminated upon the fulfillment of all contractual obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, Exclusive Option Agreement and Powers of Attorney. During the term of the Equity Pledge Agreement, Niudian Information is entitled to receive dividends attributable to the pledged Beijing Niudian equity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">4)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Exclusive Option Agreement</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Each of the equity holders of Beijing Niudian entered into an Exclusive Option Agreement with the Company, Niudian Information, and Beijing Niudian, pursuant to which the equity holders of Beijing Niudian granted the Company, and Niudian Information or other person upon the designation by the Company, an irrevocable and exclusive option to purchase, at its discretion and to the extent permitted under the PRC law, all or part of the equity holders&#8217; interests in Beijing Niudian at RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" scale="0" id="Narr_9-GnCfum9E6mSfVWz5-PVQ">100</ix:nonFraction> or the lowest price that the PRC law permits at the time unless a valuation of the equity is required by the PRC law. The equity holders of Beijing Niudian commit that without the prior written consent of the Company, the equity holders of Beijing Niudian will not, among other things, (i)&#160;create any pledge or encumbrance on their equity interests in Beijing Niudian, (ii)&#160;transfer or otherwise dispose of their equity interests in Beijing Niudian, (iii)&#160;change Beijing Niudian&#8217;s registered capital, (iv)&#160;amend Beijing Niudian&#8217;s articles of association, (v)&#160;dispose of Beijing Niudian&#8217;s material assets or enter into any material contract with a value of over RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" scale="0" id="Narr_iI9-YE-N6USDvpY5w-4zww">100,000</ix:nonFraction> (except in the ordinary course of business), or (vi)&#160;merge Beijing Niudian with any other entity. In addition, Beijing Niudian undertakes that, without the Company&#8217;s prior written consent, it will not, among other things, create any pledge or encumbrance on any of its assets, or transfer or otherwise dispose of its material assets (except in the ordinary course of business). Beijing Niudian and its equity holders shall appoint those individuals recommended by the Company as directors of Beijing Niudian. Beijing Niudian shall provide operating and financial information to the Company at the request of the Company and ensure the continuance of the business. The Exclusive Option Agreement will remain effective until all equity interests in Beijing Niudian held by its equity holders are transferred or assigned to the Company or its designee. Beijing Niudian and its equity holders shall not have any right to terminate the Exclusive Option Agreement.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">5)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Spousal Consent Letters</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The spouses of each of nominee equity holders signed Spousal Consent Letters to consent that the equity interests in Beijing Niudian held by and registered in the name of the respective nominee equity holders will be disposed of pursuant to the VIE Agreements. These spouses agreed not to assert any rights over the equity interest in Beijing Niudian held by their spouses. In addition, in the event that the spouses obtain any equity interests in Beijing Niudian held by their spouses for any reason, they agreed to be bound by the VIE&#160;Agreements.</p></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-10</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_8o6I7-kcGEulHguuz-ZEPg_cont2" continuedAt="Tb_8o6I7-kcGEulHguuz-ZEPg_cont3"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Risks in relation to the VIE structure</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Based on the opinion of the Company&#8217;s PRC legal counsel, the management believes the VIE Agreements have resulted in the Company having the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the VIE, including appointing key management, setting up operating policies, exerting financial controls and transferring profit or assets out of the VIE at its discretion. The Company considers that it has the right to receive all the benefits and assets of the VIE. As the VIE was established as a limited liability company under the PRC law, its creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for the liabilities of the VIE, and the Company does not have the obligation to assume the liabilities of the&#160;VIE.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company has determined that the VIE Agreements are in compliance with PRC laws and are legally enforceable. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit the Company&#8217;s ability to enforce the VIE Agreements; and if the equity holders of the VIE were to reduce their interest in the Company, their interests may diverge from that of the Company and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the contractual terms.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s ability to control the VIE also depends on the rights provided to the Company under the Powers of Attorney to vote on all matters requiring equity holders&#8217; approval in the respective VIE. As noted above, the Company believes these Powers of Attorney are legally enforceable but yet they may not be as effective as direct equity ownership. In addition, if the corporate structure of the Group or the contractual arrangements between the Company, Niudian Information, the VIE and its respective equity holders were found to be in violation of any existing PRC laws and regulations, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities could:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">revoke the business license and/or operating licenses of such entities;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">discontinue or place restrictions or onerous conditions on the Group&#8217;s operations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">impose fines, confiscate the income from the VIE, or impose other requirements with which the Group may not be able to comply;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">require the Group to restructure its ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements with the VIE and deregistering the equity pledges of the VIE, which in turn would affect the Company&#8217;s ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from, or exert effective control over the VIE; or</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">restrict or prohibit our use of the proceeds of this offering to finance our business and operations in China.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The imposition of any of the above restrictions or actions may result in a material and adverse effect on the Group&#8217;s ability to conduct its business. In addition, if the imposition of any of these restrictions causes the Company to lose the right to direct the activities of the VIE or the right to receive its economic benefits, the Company would no longer be able to consolidate the VIE. The Company&#8217;s management believes that the likelihood to lose the Company&#8217;s current ownership structure or the contractual arrangements with the VIE is remote based on the current facts and circumstances.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">There is no VIE in which the Company has a variable interest but is not the primary beneficiary. Currently there is no contractual arrangement that could require the Company to provide additional financial support to the&#160;VIE.</p></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-11</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_bb558296_b33c_4725_ba8a_08672c191552"></a><a id="Tc_JizOdWKcv0qgOcUONk_4Eg_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_nm3PxQVCWkihThQ7dESz4Q_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_NM3CQQHEX0iWIoChLePnog_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_BwN-hTthS0y51ahAAvO7aA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_zHMJxW-V8kylWVKAdbX6PA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_5EymoZi3ikGdA-Z3eHTArQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_Fx7xhKACo0KrzH0irrejRA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_9242FhwhV0Gidgbc6GwGCw_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_rFEfutHMRUG-ezNT36Mb8A_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_op8aPw-g4UqIGa0Qf8fiog_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_Cgzt0RZ8V0OVGRQc-w25gg_7_4"></a><a id="Tc_GgaPBBAWx0mixhDuswpJQQ_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_9BISDJbBN06RmPX7T03ujA_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_goeH-5atLEipEgg4aU9CjA_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_q5XIZ23HKU6arqRb0WBsmw_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_sxU8j41TGUWOPFXtueLISQ_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_psv2agRU80OMJKRKTEBwPw_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_K_7f4ElCA0etaBgf_a78fQ_15_4"></a><a id="Tc_wtxBG63y0kGBPwAaw5hAmw_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_xl4b-bxd6USwK3G0zWztAw_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_wr42i8xg1U-sgMXGLggQLA_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_DjVpLIBVl0ac-RBR4Cm6HQ_19_0"></a><a id="Tc__K64gy0aA0qvnea_1SN88Q_20_0"></a><a id="Tc_IXGLOr7MIE69C0h-a03-Ug_22_0"></a><a id="Tc_fMi0YYCigky8rfGmzOX9gA_24_0"></a><a id="Tc_TmAglSi8fkSoeFFhQIuaFA_25_0"></a><a id="Tc_ywdLGHGxDkOjzGa6XJhdYA_26_0"></a><a id="Tc_dmcmtpWiMEa99TfE5GRJSg_27_0"></a><a id="Tc_rZ8HNDfrF0G-NOrb95sC4w_28_0"></a><a id="Tc_TXKlHpsKWEO1tRCxERHzjA_29_0"></a><a id="Tc_oM9Kd7AK1USJVpDEOfmRzQ_30_0"></a><a id="Tc_T0emoL5bcEGnrHbdMKUS3w_31_0"></a><a id="Tc_YnS-3jY2x0qdoAC6x8XUSQ_33_0"></a><a id="Tc_3t6shTBMC0a0Khar0h5JlQ_35_0"></a><a id="Tc_OclELsL6q0SZDolv6pRTXQ_36_0"></a><a id="Tc_cEAew_rsNU-fqgn5uNP5sg_37_0"></a><a id="Tc_1pjIq8n5hkeE5Nn1SyM0Kg_38_0"></a><a id="Tc__pM-AP9pzk6ha7i8AbQEdw_40_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_8o6I7-kcGEulHguuz-ZEPg_cont3" continuedAt="Tb_8o6I7-kcGEulHguuz-ZEPg_cont4"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following consolidated assets and liabilities information of the Group&#8217;s VIE as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, and consolidated revenues, net income (loss) and cash flow information for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2022, 2022 and 2023, have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. All intercompany transactions and balances with the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock" id="Tb_dxhotTbbwkyINpHRoYsP1Q" continuedAt="Tb_dxhotTbbwkyINpHRoYsP1Q_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.01%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Cash" scale="0" id="Tc_OjDTZpsLVkiGnS9KAj5pAw_4_2">493,570,803</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Cash" scale="0" id="Tc_eCMtHcVclkeks1ZeM2NBRA_4_4">620,484,535</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_CrE98am9VU2Ictml5BhvEw_5_4">20,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_gqh9gfbrhUiibH7Y7Jtmtg_6_2">6,229,605</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_lee7FXf0ZEak6Em7vorPiw_6_4">145,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_3A1FT7wgYUWR4z1Z9kEywg_7_2">160,406,301</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accounts receivable, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_0zIl3JdeDEKmIXE4es-Rew_8_2">298,732,239</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_BaKgTKKsUE2Bi_mJGLzPlA_8_4">91,975,054</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Inventories</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" scale="0" id="Tc_DzQRRkn3JU6B8WgEiVShMw_9_2">411,954,893</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" scale="0" id="Tc_WhiChdIxOE-VDzlEzpp5mA_9_4">386,966,973</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_3oH38olHRUSdxiyhfsWaBg_10_2">187,576,865</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_iPub_jhGNkmXPbozMIEE9g_10_4">177,957,171</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Amounts due from inter-companies</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:InterCompanyReceivables" scale="0" id="Tc_ME2pjZakJkOidekv4cLOmg_11_2">24,251,018</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:InterCompanyReceivables" scale="0" id="Tc_nhZP08J79UifViEfXRZnMA_11_4">44,220,970</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_PziEom2sBkOxTiP_BTU9qg_13_2">1,582,721,724</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_TynIX0ySN0a3TRsNxgtAFg_13_4">1,341,749,703</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits-non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_iKd5kmBtlEWJWOK14CrH7A_15_2">20,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Property, plant and equipment, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="0" id="Tc_QsZErOdROU-F8yt3US57PQ_16_2">394,621,585</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="0" id="Tc_h-oMRBlMiUKlQAd_3ny6Gg_16_4">321,213,398</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Intangible assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_KUJt1mENa0mbfVFW7jXFQw_17_2">1,317,785</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_gldIgKAXuEWq-wdA9Nq4lQ_17_4">1,102,870</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="0" id="Tc_2TnKIyE5lUqB_52n176yeA_18_2">86,597,121</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="0" id="Tc_ob6FYh7cgE2r9n2_Ns_p3A_18_4">76,821,285</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred income tax assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_GA-kEeu-aEigTGcqu7wm3Q_19_2">6,132,499</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_hgsSK7BR70enruW6KTBcmw_19_4">20,747,021</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other non-current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_JwzW5LqeEUGaMbUJ7Gh8Zw_20_2">5,677,414</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_6sD57O430EaySX20oyRdBQ_20_4">6,720,608</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="0" id="Tc_PRy-p27iB0-nBS68p_pwlg_22_2">2,097,068,128</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="0" id="Tc_uD8_4GX5xkC2iIjAmACXfg_22_4">1,768,354,885</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" scale="0" id="Tc_sji-NyneoEGnGeLBNcogww_24_2">160,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" scale="0" id="Tc_MKFLRVrQ2USLwmDh_r5AVw_24_4">100,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Notes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_FGMhWIqNJESxGtfWzDS62Q_25_2">316,832,113</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_rNbSUMFjYE6uvFE7ppncxA_25_4">167,282,688</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accounts payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_2cNB-jspdEm0mGd38LV2ew_26_2">459,406,790</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_N7ZENBovjE2N1CGrB0jHjg_26_4">575,235,413</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Amounts due to inter-companies</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:InterCompanyPayables" scale="0" id="Tc_inACmgrydkybhYqD1Jf-Zw_27_2">476,120,909</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:InterCompanyPayables" scale="0" id="Tc_TAxKRY4cIE-K7GlLjcwJLg_27_4">467,282,009</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Income taxes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_2xmjJZQDCUetFed9cQrtSQ_28_2">1,501,992</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_7a9p0f2_l0OQVkH6FQYLOw_28_4">1,195,114</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Advances from customers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_zOBPO6zoSEqsjzHf2i4DhQ_29_2">23,522,149</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_fB7hitev8kGBDD2DxfsQHw_29_4">16,399,926</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred revenue&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_LToRbOFskEG8mXfxvGIpXA_30_2">37,539,733</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc__XVGAlW8QUWMNgMUWIiCWQ_30_4">41,755,097</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_IUytBphGgUyhR9BnanWFLA_31_2">175,352,229</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_iPw7XL7UCU2rwbpGknD4EA_31_4">151,286,008</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_k7GbROjYCEKdF_Rockxtig_33_2">1,650,275,915</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_zVwNc6eU6EOLQiF8-5Ajaw_33_4">1,520,436,255</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred revenue-non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_x7tWm9qXgE-eTcv3YY0CmQ_35_2">11,429,500</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_NruGnjnoHUWded9n3086_w_35_4">13,168,111</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred income tax liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" scale="0" id="Tc_1BbPV_hbukuWYBF5NzRHMg_36_2">1,398,279</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" scale="0" id="Tc_2xxXR4-qX0WOfUwoRPgYBA_36_4">2,362,494</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc__M17yU3s9EGMxUUfE98o1A_37_2">7,569,128</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_qVCalskM_kK_x4jr7gybQg_37_4">280,421</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other non-current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_8RiinrqFDkCpTPALOOOzfA_38_2">13,441,382</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_PHEzMK3HjU2RKduQWSl1mg_38_4">8,968,519</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Liabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_yzi2luS2lEGk6taLzdDx1g_40_2">1,684,114,204</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Liabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_tPZCOjUGIEisMOg-bt99FA_40_4">1,545,215,800</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:15.85pt;text-indent:-15.85pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-12</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_3de4e9dc_6869_4f26_aaf2_36f7ea83ea4b"></a><a id="Tc_MRBXjbpv80uHwx8SNFqE-A_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_pYlf4CtXRkax9ddAuR82Xw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_eZF_9GpIukeMjmQHDm0fqQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_Ipi5N82x-E-EbpX04m9IfA_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_1NNEVCOUBk2S4ClBwhSF0g_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_3D1lrSIoeEiVsoAr1aPQeg_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_Gu2bKy48Z0GkvU5u6Vx91Q_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_64dkn0cGTUanHhvu6BUgBg_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_uHISgnbK8EGLOtM5IAUTBw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_7T83QjfJDUWNyNFpYc7q-g_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_ZgDYg7n130mw1663eGbQew_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_z3R3T-L9uke42PJFQ533Zg_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_3yg9-Q5AEkS6va-bOoROjQ_8_2"></a><a id="Tc_KlZ-50k4UkqcJ-YYr-4YHw_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_TudFGUHWf0CXyehnIw_nYw_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_H4wHO64BVUW9TjRncI-EnA_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_8zg5zeTi-U2MIoCIaQ8Zeg_12_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_8o6I7-kcGEulHguuz-ZEPg_cont4"><ix:continuation id="Tb_dxhotTbbwkyINpHRoYsP1Q_cont1"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_xaFTPBP8PEKHWTF05DK3Bg_4_2">3,768,134,434</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_SuexOfiXgUOVKs6b0VtE7w_4_4">3,187,989,945</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_s-Qqof3Tf0K7XWHazXTN6A_4_6">2,645,570,002</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net income (loss)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" scale="0" id="Tc_AKIYIVQ_6EuI9WZ5ApWU-A_5_2">213,848,471</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_RZBK67OIjUmF8A2BuOBWMw_5_4">9,347,980</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_CiPqOl5c3EmfGp60xa7TOw_5_6">236,441,380</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_G4lxFCoTlkqrCzl7Oh3Ouw_6_2">354,675,219</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_u5WgDzDs9k2Qu3TfeA9alw_6_4">74,417,318</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_8bQ5GtGMhEOEWZRfWurahA_6_6">93,727,586</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_52Y_FuatdU-I0Ehcndj-eQ_7_2">329,808,349</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_8W_J3X2EW0uNQoHE8XruTA_7_4">455,930,283</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_qfVZLpwqcUeoeDca-lLw2Q_7_6">82,502,334</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash used in financing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Xf3mRenS_UetQdHQzDrZOw_8_4">20,000,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_HDh81exhX0iBA52kLhKmOA_8_6">60,000,000</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Ru-6YuU9qEG878rSuzkUBQ_9_2">422,991</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" scale="0" id="Tc_uCppdyWHEUC9zvpEt3c1Qg_9_4">7,993,970</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" scale="0" id="Tc_QO0iNWBcFkSFiIizexoS9Q_9_6">4,599,207</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net increase in cash and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="0" id="Tc_Xip9AeQkMEWDy64Y2tXBxg_10_2">24,443,879</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="0" id="Tc_O-GjKauAWUuRAr485ShG4A_10_4">369,506,935</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="0" id="Tc_Fc2Gti-cfEy1_2_X79nRNQ_10_6">120,829,127</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_h5_oHA6b7EmUNNGjd-U0DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_xzzIbH3hw0W5f4JMoefVRg_11_2">105,849,594</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_ja-mpkvW0E6KBisRUh5P8Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_KRawHSd9H02OphMvgOmzmQ_11_4">130,293,473</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_GOVhcqPah0eCCY3IbTnAbQ_11_6">499,800,408</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and restricted cash at the end of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_ja-mpkvW0E6KBisRUh5P8Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_C7rMtCpQK0m5h5YHdsbbIQ_12_2">130,293,473</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_95QkWnlI50OIneLTolofCA_12_4">499,800,408</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_dEXioeD8X0S30h4OfkWlxA_12_6">620,629,535</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The unrecognized revenue-producing assets that are held by the VIE primarily consist of ICP License, Production License for National Industrial Products, trademarks, patents, know-how and customer relationships. None of the assets of the VIE can be used only to settle obligations of the VIE. None of the assets of the VIE and its subsidiaries has been pledged or collateralized, except for the restricted cash as of December 31, 2022. The creditors of the VIE and its subsidiaries do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company or its consolidated subsidiaries, except for the restricted cash of the Company which was pledged as collateral for the short -term bank borrowings.</p></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg" continuedAt="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_8o8EqMXk1UeEPlp95mMm6g" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of presentation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United&#160;States of America (&#8220;U.S.&#160;GAAP&#8221;).</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_l0X2BMnWzkWA4W35YIe4qg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;Principles of consolidation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with U.S.&#160;GAAP. The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE for which the Company or its subsidiary is the primary beneficiary, and the VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Subsidiaries are those entities in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting power or has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of directors. A VIE is an entity in which the Company, or its subsidiary, through contractual arrangements, exercises effective control over the activities that most impact the economic performance, bears the risks of, and enjoys the rewards normally associated with ownership of the entity, and therefore the Company or its subsidiary is the primary beneficiary of the&#160;entity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">All intercompany transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE and the VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:UseOfEstimates" id="Tb_KqQzBK0acEeSAaHNRIH_lg" continuedAt="Tb_KqQzBK0acEeSAaHNRIH_lg_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;Use of estimates</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S.&#160;GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reported period in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates include, but not limited to, depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, the realization of deferred income tax assets, future warranty expenses, current expected credit loss and discount rate for operating leases. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revising estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and as such, differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-13</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_duo4pLP2UU6aYMyeX0-Dmw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_EO0PLmp-rkGPLpcK6RrJdA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_fwDs2EhE6UuddILyzErtxg_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_i_Gom0vac0mOj-YpKTmH1w_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_xhkWfER5QEaOxJ5e6f06NQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_u10zLZOmyUmlow4StX8tMA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_Wpe4d2Bae061TyuWV25XqQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_NFnHAo631k67zOjiY0xN1Q_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_GvTIxqu_60yL3QJIEOBZvQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_4zHM_wjEqEOCSKYuhlJv8w_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_02Ew3LFVEku0ToqXVyCKKA_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_5sUVTIvSBUe3_qXwGIxfZA_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_HP-RHL21dk2rnEHkhuIZQg_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_4gbk52vqOEy7KSpeomJhmQ_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_UHojrbSPu0mmeujUeA0IkA_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_a6nX76E-0k-S8TFVGxkgyg_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_DJMp4xWCSkC9uFuefYQX8g_19_0"></a><a id="Tc_PD8Y6iiFfkiz1Cdj4_1cTQ_21_0"></a><a id="Tc_ySNIQCWYo0CQ8Hbmws7Fqg_23_0"></a><a id="Tc_GIvBg2bnVEyJiUy52kdhtw_25_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont1" continuedAt="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont2"><ix:continuation id="Tb_KqQzBK0acEeSAaHNRIH_lg_cont1"></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_o6MZOfdMl0WQ5MY5D8VZxg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;Convenience translation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Translations of balances in the consolidated financial statements from RMB into US$ as of and for the&#160;year ended December 31, 2023 are solely for the convenience of the readers and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_CNY_RVcVlFY3UUSeUmwjiZTf2g" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1" scale="0" id="Narr_YltMnakj806I8pZOclK0RA">7.0999</ix:nonFraction>, representing the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers of RMB as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 29, 2023. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 29, 2023, or at any other rate. The US$ convenience translation is not required under U.S. GAAP and all US$convenience translation amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_aj0TUTDzV0-uiDlXUMg_7w" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;Commitments and contingencies</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In the normal course of business, the Group is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, shareholder lawsuits, and non-income tax matters. An accrual for a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is&#160;disclosed.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_3G8opG4sGEWccTEsHzmBQg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;Cash and cash equivalents</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Cash consists of cash on hand and cash at bank. Cash equivalents represent term deposits with original maturities of </span><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_gn-Bnv17zkOVABH1rouxKw" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:MaturityOfTimeDeposits" id="Narr_WqrhUUtdV0ynyCMXCHz1GA"><span style="font-weight:normal;">three months</span></ix:nonNumeric><span style="font-weight:normal;"> or less, which are readily convertible to known amounts of cash. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited in financial institutions at the following locations:</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" id="Tb_xaCrHTOPG0igI3IfG_6wFw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in EUR</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_EUR_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_qk9gR1CZz0OO92MfyDLsjQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_HrFxLEn_fkCeQt4XuW564g_5_2">5,986,595</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_EUR_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_mtx7_bgf10OB8hv4_WxauQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_5RmGqlf33UW1CWMxRm2Rdw_5_4">18,233,516</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in RMB</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_8w4AjCOy0065lGjzDVtfwQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_P-qBxePKfkuBAZ-9Hofa4A_6_2">278,917,866</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_b_CovhmzXE-CKFU-CTstBw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_Efm91Yvif0e0MxNC9LCEZw_6_4">334,796,621</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in GPB</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_GBP_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_oKoCstFkI02gvks_SWelqg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_Lvl6wbw1vEWtWXIi5wzgOA_7_2">244,790</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_GBP_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_eZjNIBZCU0iUZJ9v4BFEKQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_QcUzoTW2vEa9IqlZrRmdFQ_7_4">504,471</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_ERE8N88Mdkq8k94VfoWasA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_kj-Gei_7rEGiygWm0_wxYw_8_2">220,296,524</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_mX2lQl8JWkaLfm2WXUoJaw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_yHGs2eEzBUe3G1VJ4E7Zsg_8_4">499,117,291</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at mainland PRC financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_Q_8WbiR0YUiau-_TfyAkCA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_IjBktXU1ykufwDgJxb764Q_10_2">505,445,775</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_OzxiPPQyH0qegvBxGzBWVA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_GCqi16Uz-EmyNMA_15TAFA_10_4">852,651,899</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the United States</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_iF4CmOdI20-3WrpN6Nm1mg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_-U28MiDW3k6952_FHnEAoQ_13_2">10,087,973</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_ZEuk0M-6dU-wkp8LHNtudw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_hB6Wwj-BJ0aSYc6x-Zeryg_13_4">691,290</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash balances held at United States financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_STXxbX0eCkCWsli7qJ6WAg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_P8QyXsF20kGfXbW3paWaZw_15_2">10,087,973</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_L78k-H4mu0io6dkUrNfAgw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_MzzIIMWfR02fkIkzQUngpA_15_4">691,290</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the Hong Kong S.A.R.</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in HKD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_HKD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_oM-RX93HvE2MFyOCFj7v8A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_lHipgnFJHUOpv7__8iNETg_18_2">78,206</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_HKD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember__giZWpfCY06TDUoS0yG01g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_bVtF_8BGIkuWY9OayZmhiQ_18_4">79,213</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_JLMxGGUU4UypUBmtEqI9Cg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_WWvfFEKSR0uwKsmVKA7WrA_19_2">14,631,590</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_HWSiBTTjHEyM2VN8Apz85A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_FH3LQ4gSB0e1tSbs58BtOw_19_4">11,477,109</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash balances held at Hong Kong S.A.R. financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_LjnLfeUNPUOxhxMNHbSjSw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_FhRoEd7AZUWu3nXirBOcug_21_2">14,709,796</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_EJrBKbuqi0WMAJOZfqor4w" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_CzZeiMP_pE682i-9tMxbvg_21_4">11,556,322</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash balances held at financial institutions in other locations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_Gb3qXIsqnkKRCBa3P65-fA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_PIqL--MHoUqujOAyZWbMWA_23_2">3,453,514</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_WGJLf8OeX0CpJ_DXwKSUlA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_KpJdt_0KgE2B11pbaSZM6g_23_4">7,203,416</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_YY4D5Jv8-0GlbRCOhHHaDw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_sKzq6PuCiUOqPihNE7TmHg_25_2">533,697,058</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_dWMU-oEN-Eq-eJVMW-fVjw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_x8qVlBeYsUSG6YPMBoM1kA_25_4">872,102,927</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-14</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_LPgbP90O_0CuK-unxwEZHA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_wkLyk5jZNkaG7a4uTdIO0A_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_fxS6iKGeR02Z1gCCCGpkrw_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_xK4-kOlbOkyLpCksbLZl2Q_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_0pjrXxgszUyXMXA6aijjfA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_E4k3WpbQhkK1sW3fN-VqvA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_HEJ9TowqP0O0Pa9PpPBu0A_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_J7UZAQZ6QECB518gYfTh1Q_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_you_nW8IMkOdxTbSMwGqtg_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_88g-VibTg06tcckpA6p6lg_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_kI1V4XTINU6sR7Dz5CfBWw_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_S_YhargfekuYgDT6wq2vaA_10_4"></a><a id="Tc_dXWWue92jU6s_5mgPjdxgw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_lToh8gq63ES25XaMnB1C4g_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_HiI-g93d80K3fhZ4C4wVdA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_3hHcCftwZ0W2KHQ-rOrfGw_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_L--cDlcpIEO0wnbguU-aSA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_JkIjnqBVrU2HTdcP0Qa2Aw_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_tHpCaOHrT0Cs3UttRvzdJQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc__UR7unvmKkuLslTNOMHphw_6_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont2" continuedAt="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:TermDepositPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_bpo4fKowoEO3q0WI045u1w" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(g)&#160;&#160;Term deposits</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Term deposits include current and non-current term deposits. Current term deposits represent deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than three months but less than one year. Non-current term deposits represent deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than one year. Term deposits are presented in the following table:</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock" id="Tb_1DFmsOg01EaGBwg9lGUzSQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in RMB</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_3Xp1xIcb5UWpZ33pIfpOaw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_mytAHmDTGUePUyazGDK1gQ_5_2">20,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_DjNYBvMGskmq7DsTHBthuA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_-27R4z73mkKl11zSQ3u1hg_5_4">20,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_Z6xzlPNXO0i2JHPclqbbwQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_y4DKfxP_A068kGBLXCaU9g_6_2">208,589,770</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_WbYOoLtJLEiuqtAZivMiiA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_bz8l59HdzEiQ5rp5rub83A_6_4">77,555,565</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total term deposits held</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_VPTsjtDcn06Q-X9kAjyCOA_8_2">228,589,770</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_Zrlg59xNt0S_Atnzrvoa0g_8_4">97,555,565</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_yvE3dSHKBUaH-XEOh-1YeQ_9_2">208,589,770</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_ba5dsFkisEqZudLYcXiIWA_9_4">97,555,565</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_nZ5A5hAWeUimsMENfyl6lQ_10_2">20,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" id="Tb_KsS2o77snku0JVFY_UwNmw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(h)&#160;&#160;&#160;Restricted cash</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Restricted cash is an amount of cash deposited with banks primarily in conjunction with borrowings from banks and notes payable. Restriction on the use of such cash and the interest earned thereon is imposed by the banks and remains effective throughout the terms of the bank borrowings and notes payable. Restricted cash is classified as current asset on the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets, as all the balance are expected to be released to cash within the next twelve months from December 31, 2023. The Group&#8217;s restricted cash are denominated in RMB and USD and are deposited at financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows.</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" id="Tb_VRb2Cd-GlU6U0QIEgEWP9g" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" id="Tc_uIqS7rx9c0O_RR8t_9tZwg_4_2">534,286,849</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" id="Tc_i3fzWOMBlkicrSmqh6If0A_4_4">872,573,460</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_y50yZf3m70WK0VtL8VNbWg_5_2">186,340,321</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_5jBE92_5L0uoKPGj7mryFQ_5_4">107,666,733</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_93zpvyhLPk-3kdpo2yo-Tw_6_2">720,627,170</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_9TPbnW6ZUke3X73RqmCemQ_6_4">980,240,193</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:InvestmentPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_uDPLoYreb0KUZmVnSPNa0A" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;Short-term investments</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s short-term investments represent the Group&#8217;s investments in financial products managed by financial institutions in the PRC which are redeemable at the option of the Group on any working day or have the original maturities of less than twelve months.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group classified the short-term investments, with aggregate amounts of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" scale="0" id="Narr_gfy10DDg2kOWuUVI1CZcww">6,032,000,000</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" scale="0" id="Narr_1gtFX0e1WU-T8qRO-SWX2Q">2,593,000,000</ix:nonFraction> purchased for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively, as available-for-sale securities and are reported at fair value. Unrealized holding gains or losses, net of the related tax effect, on available-for-sale securities were excluded from earnings and recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. Realized gains or losses from the sale of short-term investments are determined on a specific identification basis and are recorded as investment income when earned.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group purchased short-term investments with aggregate amounts of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" scale="0" id="Narr_3R1dw7hBqUi2l-T19M3_fw">420,000,000</ix:nonFraction> for the year ended December 31, 2023, and elected the fair value option at the date of initial recognition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) Topic 825, <i style="font-style:italic;">Financial Instruments,</i> (&#8220;ASC 825), as the Group believes this approach can better reflect the economics of its investment interest. Changes in the fair value of these investments in the amount of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_XLHgDLneWkKDzWNyCsoCNg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" id="Narr_OzoNcFu0SEii51o7xLUNPQ">1,426,370</ix:nonFraction> for the year ended December 31, 2023 were reflected on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) as investment income. Fair value is estimated based on quoted prices provided by financial institutions at the end of each reporting period.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_q4D7BSe11ke71fB6igpbpg" continuedAt="Tb_q4D7BSe11ke71fB6igpbpg_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-15</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_9c14a73e_d44d_4a0d_91e6_ac0b97050fbd"></a><a id="Tc_FDlVXKVPm0y8EZLs4_ATEw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_STGym-1nnUOZPb4dUPi0xQ_2_0"></a><a id="Tc_Y47FcLfAAEmL-UmSUzX1GQ_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_S3h_ozmULkqY9J5HIun4Ww_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_Usy1h-L4ckyLBu6_M38zOA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_AyrnMIkhL061vWd4oNQnIA_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_3tsE3kSCoU6QYsseHTEV2w_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_5uV5A98kK0u17czKgE9w3A_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_Gx0NWoCrWE6sY9Eee7fZkA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_Gkyg7QjmAUKtGnQsa5Q-zQ_6_2"></a><a id="Tc_bBGlMNqnjUyVW1_l_sNAaQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_9JriHJgLK0yNBRgAiYvi9w_7_2"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont3" continuedAt="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont4"><ix:continuation id="Tb_q4D7BSe11ke71fB6igpbpg_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(j)&#160;&#160;&#160;Inventories</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Cost of work-in-process and finished goods comprise direct materials, direct production costs and an allocation of production overheads based on normal operating capacity. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased. Inventory is written down for damaged and slow-moving goods, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand. When appropriate, write downs to inventory are recorded to write down the cost of inventories to their net realizable value.</p></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_ukLVevOhQ02scwyaVAConQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(k)&#160;&#160;&#160;Property, plant and equipment, net</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recorded impairment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.32;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Costs incurred in the construction of property, plant and equipment, including down payments and progress payments, are initially capitalized as construction in progress and transferred into their respective asset categories when the assets are ready for their intended use, at which time depreciation commences.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The estimated useful lives are as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" id="Tb_8RsdgpfNLUC6HXGJwWzZSQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Estimated useful lives</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Building</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_JszbtrYYvUqldszPj65sPA" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="Tc_p1p5iKLVnEmPTRVLSDdXVA_2_2">50 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Machinery and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Z7G7NzI6vEaUSjcHx9VtrQ;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">3</span></span> - <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_FtawwohI2kyzizGLIMihzw" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="Narr_xMADak5WM0KdI-zy5qtcJg">10 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Furniture</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Nc2zRlK-6EWAcMIP63pLsw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">3</span></span> - <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_AtlRiWm14EaoG--hCetoxg" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="Narr_PwvBUAb-LkyP0kZE12Z8bw">5 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Leasehold improvements</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">The shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining lease term</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Office and electronic equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_CLqBnDxKQUCwGuCoEtTZVg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">2</span></span> - <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_Q8yxAdfT7km81FZZdGfNJA" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="Narr_Yf4vnol_YUuD25cgjxMiiA">5 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Motor vehicles</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_xiQ-WUvqc0W9Nl93jLGYTg" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="Narr_2LDPuXzs9EykOxfEb9kXaA">3</ix:nonNumeric> - <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_aKbhnd_th0eXIjYhzTuYYQ" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="Narr_q1raeBLyZUy7_zhBDkCHew">4 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the&#160;assets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Depreciation of property, plant and equipment attributable to manufacturing activities is capitalized as part of inventories, and recognized as cost of revenues when the inventory is&#160;sold.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">When items are retired or otherwise disposed of, income is charged or credited for the difference between net book value and the proceeds received thereon. Ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and replacements and betterments are capitalized and amortized over the remaining useful&#160;life.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy" id="Tb_jxFsKQUCW0qFKsPXVE8FNA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(l)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Intangible assets, net</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life on straight-line basis and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible assets may be&#160;impaired.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_tA_5ZroDKECBUfkGilvCXw" continuedAt="Tb_tA_5ZroDKECBUfkGilvCXw_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(m)</span><span style="font-style:italic;">&#160;&#160;Leases</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group adopted ASC Topic 842, <i style="font-style:italic;">Leases</i> (&#8220;ASC 842&#8221;) as of January 1, 2021, and elected the package of practical expedients that not to reassess:(1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. The Group also elected the practical expedient of the short-term lease exemption for contracts with lease terms of twelve months or less. The Group categorizes leases with contractual terms longer than twelve months as either operating or finance lease. However, the Group has no finance leases for any of the periods presented.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-16</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont4" continuedAt="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont5"><ix:continuation id="Tb_tA_5ZroDKECBUfkGilvCXw_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at lease inception. For operating leases, the Group recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term, reduced by lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs, using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. Variable lease payments not dependent on an index or rate are excluded from the right-of-use asset and lease liability calculations and are recognized in expense in the period which the obligation for those payments is incurred. As the rate implicit in the Group&#8217;s lease is not typically readily available, the Group uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. This incremental borrowing rate reflects the fixed rate at which the Group could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments in the same currency, for a similar term, in a similar economic environment. The Group&#8217;s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Such options are accounted for only when it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise the options. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">From time to time, the Group purchases the rights to use government-owned land for a fixed period of time. Prior to the adoption of ASC 842, these land use rights were recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses in land use right, net in the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives, which is <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="niu:LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife" id="Narr__iF9uhkdHE26B-KzIYtQYQ">50 years</ix:nonNumeric> and represents the shorter of the estimated usage years or the terms of the land use rights certificate. Upon the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2021, land use rights acquired assessed in accordance with ASC 842 and recognized in operating right-of-use assets if they meet the definition of lease.</p></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_sRRbJ0Kl_0GTVeXls0psyw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(n)&#160;&#160;&#160;Impairment of long-lived assets</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets with finite lives are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Group had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the assets with an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets. <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived" scale="0" id="Narr_yoOn3s3JhkaBn2Hg4ZBTfw"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived" scale="0" id="Narr_KESphQvePUe8OYWFaf3IiQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived" scale="0" id="Narr_QVn-VXcal0GLwVYxQ0hQqA">No</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> impairment of long-lived assets was recognized for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_IjAdlkhHpEmTzhD4XINzaw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(o)&#160;&#160;&#160;Value added taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries are subject to value added tax (&#8220;VAT&#8221;). Revenues from sales of products are generally subject to VAT at the rate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ProductMember_BMUP_vr9mkm0GIV5gMuFKg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" scale="-2" id="Narr_YCTZWL_h1EiWQ19_Akx-kQ">13</ix:nonFraction>%. Revenues from services are generally subject to VAT at the rate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_zLDH1-ZVckiDQeNS2w0JWw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" scale="-2" id="Narr_ByFXXiisNkOY_7rgpiLlIw">6</ix:nonFraction>%. VAT are subsequently paid to PRC tax authorities after netting input VAT on purchases and VAT export rebates. The excess of output VAT over input VAT and VAT export rebates is reflected in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, the excess of input VAT and VAT export rebates over output VAT is reflected in prepayments and other current assets in the consolidated balance&#160;sheets.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_czt15Xx0EkGXO4iW2CTUpA" continuedAt="Tb_czt15Xx0EkGXO4iW2CTUpA_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(p)&#160;&#160;&#160;Fair value measurements</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Fair value represents the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a&#160;liability.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Accounting guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument&#8217;s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs&#160;are:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;">Level&#160;1&#8212;Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;">Level&#160;2&#8212;Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Level&#160;3&#8212;Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-17</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont5" continuedAt="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont6"><ix:continuation id="Tb_czt15Xx0EkGXO4iW2CTUpA_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1)&#160;market approach; (2)&#160;income approach and (3)&#160;cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an&#160;asset.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Financial assets and liabilities of the Group primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other receivables, short-term bank borrowings, notes payable, accounts payable, and other payables. The Group measures short-term investments at fair value on a recurring basis. Short-term investments include financial products issued by financial institutions, which are valued based on prices per unit quoted by issuers. They are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the carrying values of other financial instruments approximated to their fair values as their interest rates are comparable to the prevailing interest rates in the market.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s non-financial assets, such as property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets, would be measured at fair value only if they were determined to be impaired.</p></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb___2X8PGHnkSKrSUqM5_GOQ" continuedAt="Tb___2X8PGHnkSKrSUqM5_GOQ_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(q)&#160;&#160;&#160;Revenue recognition</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group generates substantially all of its revenues from sales of electric scooters, accessories and spare parts to the Group&#8217;s PRC domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors or directly to individual customers online. The Group also generates its revenues from its subscription-based mobile application services, as well as insurance service as an agent. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group recognizes revenues upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation (upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers) in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example, value added taxes). For each performance obligation satisfied over time, the Group recognizes revenue over time by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. If the Group does not satisfy a performance obligation over time, the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">To achieve that core principle, the Group applies the five steps defined under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Group assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations are divided into separate distinct goods or services. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it (a) provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and (b) is separately identified in the contract. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative stand-alone selling price (&#8220;SSP&#8221;) of the goods or services provided. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised goods or services to a customer.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Products</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group identified one performance obligation which is to sell products, such as electric scooters, accessories and spare parts, to the Group&#8217;s PRC domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors or directly to individual customers online. For all sales of products, the Group requires a signed contract or purchase order, which specifies pricing, quantity and product specifications. Revenue of product sales is recognized on a gross basis upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation, which is to transfer the control of the promised products to customers. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The transfer of control of the products is satisfied at a point in time, which occurs when the products are accepted by the domestic offline distributors, overseas offline distributors or individual customers. When the Group sells its products to its domestic offline distributors for domestic sales in PRC, acceptance of the products by the domestic offline distributors is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by the domestic offline distributors, which is generally at the Group&#8217;s warehouse. When the Group sells its products to overseas offline distributors for oversea sales, acceptance of the products by overseas offline distributors is evidenced by shipping documents dependent upon the terms of the underlying contract. When the Group sells its products to individual customers through its own online store and third-party e-commerce platform, the Group is responsible for the delivery to individual customers. Acceptance of the products is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by individual customers.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-18</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont6" continuedAt="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont7"><ix:continuation id="Tb___2X8PGHnkSKrSUqM5_GOQ_cont1" continuedAt="Tb___2X8PGHnkSKrSUqM5_GOQ_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group provides sales volume rebate to qualified distributors based on the volume sold to such distributors in a certain period and grants online individual customers unconditional right to return the products within <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_gn-Bnv17zkOVABH1rouxKw" format="ixt-sec:durday" name="niu:ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" id="Narr_BBmAmcRgoEO5QZGuNlr5rg">7</ix:nonNumeric> up to <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_Ff5OziNcakeaGTSwTCAn2Q" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="niu:ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" id="Narr_FkFVeLY7OEeJDvP7_w_3jA">30 days</ix:nonNumeric> after their acceptance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration the Group expects to receive in exchange for transferring products to domestic offline distributors, overseas offline distributors or individual customers. Consideration is recorded net of sales volume rebate, sales returns and VAT. Sales returns is estimated based on historical experiences, which were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group utilizes delivery service providers to deliver products to overseas offline distributors and individual customers (&#8220;shipping activities&#8221;), but the delivery service is not considered as a separate obligation as the shipping activities are performed before the overseas offline distributors and individual customers obtain control of the products. Therefore, shipping activities are not considered a separate promised service to them but rather are activities to fulfill the Group&#8217;s promise to transfer the products. Outbound shipping charges to overseas offline distributors and individual customers are included as a part of the revenues, and outbound shipping-related costs are included in our inventory and recognized as cost of revenue upon sale of products to overseas offline distributors and individual customers. Shipping costs incurred for sales of products and recognized as cost of revenues were RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_lkcXwjTHPU6O6twmKbO59g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfRevenue" scale="0" id="Narr_aXA5-pBjJEego8P8vdTb3w">49,456,660</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_QyGSsOyOcUOEhvozkwsqJw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfRevenue" scale="0" id="Narr_-DQZzpZipUytDtzz8Y7x4g">101,970,407</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_wFuStdNe-UqGUgZiplDZrA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfRevenue" scale="0" id="Narr_qCHlk7ccmUykJvAYDKsAfQ">52,541,201</ix:nonFraction> for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For some sales, the Group collects cash before delivery. Cash collected before product delivery is recognized as advances from customers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Service</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">When the Group sells its smart electric scooters to its customers, it also provides mobile application services for free for <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_xRIWjE1q9k-fPL-UH6XUqg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">one</span></span> to <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_Ff5OziNcakeaGTSwTCAn2Q" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="niu:MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" id="Narr_KmxPr74260S38VyKvb-MGQ">two years</ix:nonNumeric> (the &#8220;free service period&#8221;). Customers are able to locate their smart electric scooters, as well as obtain the operating status (e.g. battery status), and claim online repair and maintenance requests of their smart electric scooters, upon their registration of their smart electric scooters on the Group&#8217;s mobile application. Customers may subscribe to such service after the free service period if they want to continue using aforementioned functions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Such revenue arrangements are divided into separate distinct performance obligations, including electric scooters and mobile application services. The Group determines the SSP for electric scooters and mobile application services based on their relative selling prices.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The allocated revenue to mobile application services of free service period and subscribed mobile application service revenue is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period, as the Group determines that the customer simultaneously receives and consumes benefits provided by the Group as the Group performs during the free service period or the subscription period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The deferred revenue that will be recognized in the next twelve months is classified as current portion, and the remaining balance of deferred revenue is classified as non-current portion.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group also sells insurance plan for electric scooters (&#8220;NIU Cover&#8221;) to individual customers at their option. The insurance is provided by third party insurance companies. The Group determines that it acts as an agent for the NIU Cover service because it does not obtain control of the service before the service is transferred to the customers. The Group recognizes revenue on net basis when the insurance agreement is entered into between individual customers and insurance providers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-19</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_pHFd4FGJDEqq96aa-dH83g_1_0"></a><a id="Tc_ml0wbgW7IUuwc8iqiORwrw_2_0"></a><a id="Tc_RM9ptiO3CkqgXkOMQ8cHyg_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_Jf3t_S6q20ecC7MLAhbe6w_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_O5XrpjJcHU-j3MB5aaH8bA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_N7rSoqpHOEONIp3bRh90MA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_2orzUeOMgk6mmwJi4Ty8AA_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_K6x4ucGcfU-lEbmYz2j2xg_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_mcOJ4ncAj0O1RDxCIbDhVQ_9_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont7" continuedAt="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont8"><ix:continuation id="Tb___2X8PGHnkSKrSUqM5_GOQ_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Remaining performance obligations</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The remaining performance obligation disclosure provides the aggregate amount of the transaction price yet to be recognized as of the end of the reporting period and an explanation as to when the Group expects to recognize these amounts in revenue. Additionally, as a practical expedient, the Group does not disclose the remaining performance obligations of contracts that have an original duration of one year or less.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" scale="0" id="Narr_WA5HhjVAskGtVmi6kTr76A">74,227,696</ix:nonFraction>. Given the profile of contract terms, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20240101_a40IKuzL70myDF1Pc0AwFA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" scale="0" id="Narr_TtWBqDOL5EesBIJ2N4QJdA">61,059,585</ix:nonFraction> of the remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue within the next <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20240101_a40IKuzL70myDF1Pc0AwFA" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" id="Narr_WQyD4KuqxU-cgCSV6pcWUA">12 months</ix:nonNumeric> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20250101_vbTE5s1rFk-RJaGUYi5_lA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" scale="0" id="Narr_BQsbFfBAh0KDeY2_98xBeg">13,168,111</ix:nonFraction> is expected to be recognized as revenue between next <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_BlnXwXjTuEaqBf1xJ-hxAA;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span></span> to <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20250101_n0js8UhqoEyYu6q5r1RtmQ" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" id="Narr_HqGtT05x0ECuJI0DpzCdEQ">36 months</ix:nonNumeric>.</p></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_yIIQkLaboUWEQlUnxdFv9w" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">(r)&#160;&#160;&#160;Contract Balances</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No.2016-13, <i style="font-style:italic;">Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments</i>, and subsequent amendments to the initial guidance within ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-11 and ASU 2020-02, collectively referred to as &#8220;ASC 326&#8221; on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption of ASC 326 starting from January 1, 2021, the provision of credit losses for accounts receivable is based upon the current expected credit losses (&#8220;CECL&#8221;) model. The CECL model requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of accounts receivable since initial recognition, and accounts receivable with similar risk characteristics are grouped together when estimating CECL. In assessing the CECL, the Group considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical credit loss experience, adjusted for relevant factors impacting collectability and forward-looking information indicative of external market conditions. While the Group uses the best information available in making determination, the ultimate recovery of recorded receivables is also dependent upon future economic events and other conditions that may be beyond the Group&#8217;s control. Accounts receivable which are deemed to be uncollectible are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. There is a time lag between when the Group estimates a portion of or the entire account balances to be uncollectible and when a write off of the account balances is taken. The Group does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. This adoption did not have material impact on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A contract liability is recognized when the Group has an obligation to transfer products or services to a customer for which the Group has received consideration from the customer, or for which an amount of consideration is due from the customer. Contract liabilities are included in advances from customers and deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Changes in the Group&#8217;s contract liabilities (advances from customers and deferred revenue) are presented in the following table for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" id="Tb_0iBCqnRw4UCpadqL3Ws41Q" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Contract liabilities as of January 1, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_bBgzkj8T1EK-wnUpVFomVA_1_2">60,718,426</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received in advance, excluding VAT</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat" scale="0" id="Tc_uW7ClIyOHE2kb054iaa2aQ_2_2">2,852,443,422</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance" scale="0" id="Tc_cpZSJaIo1kC9bNX3LAfbcA_3_2">50,024,734</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_r5df1D3oUkO3gmCVEuJg9w_4_2">2,789,235,984</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_ih9QBxHE2kesDRU9QjA9AQ_5_2">73,901,130</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received in advance, excluding VAT</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat" scale="0" id="Tc_uohEYpAtE0GjOTtSYOGWOg_6_2">2,118,016,702</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance" scale="0" id="Tc_vDwnxrT6t0-M0_nOdFwxpw_7_2">62,471,630</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_blkqLO8oR0GonaquS20yGA_8_2">2,055,218,506</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_dLFph353xUqO-VaLORYQuw_9_2">74,227,696</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies" id="Tb_F25_EgFPOkKzDKQj0Ls5lA" continuedAt="Tb_F25_EgFPOkKzDKQj0Ls5lA_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-20</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont8" continuedAt="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont9"><ix:continuation id="Tb_F25_EgFPOkKzDKQj0Ls5lA_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(s)&#160;&#160;&#160;Warranties</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group provides for the estimated costs of warranties at the time when revenue is recognized. The specific terms and conditions of those warranties vary among different parts of electric scooters. Factors that affect the Group&#8217;s warranty obligation include product defect rates and costs of repair or replacement. These factors are estimates that may change based on new information that becomes available during the reported period. The portion of the warranty reserve expected to be incurred within the next 12 months is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities while the remaining balance is included within other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.</p></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_XurFw_DlPUOfURmpvLYHPg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(t)&#160;&#160;&#160;Cost of Revenues</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues mainly consists of the cost of products sold, logistics costs, write-downs of inventories and warranty costs.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_Ax6pdHmtAEO6ZMM-5d52Xw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(u)&#160;&#160;&#160;Selling and Marketing Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses mainly consist of advertising expenses, promotion expenses and payroll and related expenses for personnel engaged in selling and marketing activities. Advertising expenses, which consist primarily of online and offline advertisements, are expensed when the services are received. The advertising expenses were RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense" scale="0" id="Narr_bbkebxlCGEK1SFE74HxO6Q">160,415,978</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense" scale="0" id="Narr_VzPvcDLyTUSSw3V_R5ovMw">191,776,905</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense" scale="0" id="Narr_2_ToFL9BF0OO_mssF1Sa5A">177,824,898</ix:nonFraction>&#160;for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_e-s5uurflE24brIDkWJbaQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(v)&#160;&#160;&#160;General and Administrative Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses mainly consist of allowance for doubtful accounts, payroll and related costs for employees involved in general corporate functions, professional fees, foreign currency exchange gains (losses) and other general corporate expenses, as well as expenses associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation and rental expenses.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" id="Tb_9ZfWnwUYm0uOOqB7qdAs5g" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(w)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Research and Development Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses mainly consist of payroll and related costs for employees involved in researching and developing new products and technologies, design and development expenses, and expenses associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation and rental expenses. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_Fmy8FZz-eUCqqiWmDtg7eQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(x)&#160;&#160;&#160;Government Grants</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions attached to it and the grant will be received. Grants that compensate the Group for expenses incurred are recognized in the Group&#8217;s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) on a systematic basis in the same periods in which the expenses are incurred. Grants that compensate the acquisition cost of an asset are recorded as a liability in the Group&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets and are recognized in the Group&#8217;s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) over the useful life of the asset. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, nil of liability was related to the government grants that compensate the acquisition cost of an asset. </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s government grants mainly consist of certain subsidies or tax refund from local government or industrial parks where its offices locate. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized" scale="0" id="Narr_5E9QZdvEDEKRrX-p3-f7Ig">48,726,818</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized" scale="0" id="Narr_QzzRKP-MS0-NxBx69tUOIw">16,385,038</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized" scale="0" id="Narr_Jc0iKpk70kO27HoXVVRf2w">2,968,735</ix:nonFraction> of government grants are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), respectively. There were no significant commitment, contingencies or provision for recapture conditions for the government grants received for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" id="Tb_D2i26qlUoESz_chsCWlqCA" continuedAt="Tb_D2i26qlUoESz_chsCWlqCA_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(y)&#160;&#160;&#160;Share-based Compensation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company periodically grants share-based awards, including but not limited to, restricted share units and share options to eligible employees and directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Share-based awards granted to employees and directors are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards, and are recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Forfeitures are accounted when they occur.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-21</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont9" continuedAt="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont10"><ix:continuation id="Tb_D2i26qlUoESz_chsCWlqCA_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A change in any of the terms or conditions of share-based awards is accounted for as a modification of the awards. The Group calculates incremental compensation cost of a modification as the excess of the fair value of the modified awards over the fair value of the original awards immediately before its terms are modified at the modification date. For vested awards, the Group recognizes incremental compensation cost in the period the modification occurs. For awards not being fully vested, the Group recognizes the sum of the incremental compensation cost and the remaining unrecognized compensation cost for the original awards over the remaining requisite service period after modification.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Share-based compensation in relation to the restricted share units is measured based on the fair value of the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares at the grant date of the award. The fair value is the closing prices of the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares traded in the open market as of the grant date. Share-based compensation in relation to the share options is estimated using the Binominal Option Pricing Model. The determination of the fair value of share options is affected by the share price of the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares as well as the assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, including the expected share price volatility (estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company and comparable peer public companies with a time horizon close to the expected term of the Company&#8217;s options), risk-free interest rate, exercise multiple and expected dividend yield. The fair value of these awards was determined with the assistance from a valuation report prepared by an independent valuation firm using management&#8217;s estimates and assumptions.</p></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy" id="Tb_bpdO7lREs06CZWY1BCok6w" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(z)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Employee Benefits</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s subsidiaries and the VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries in PRC participate in a government mandated, multiemployer, defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain retirement, medical, housing and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. PRC labor laws require the entities incorporated in China to pay to the local labor bureau a&#160;monthly contribution calculated at a stated contribution rate on the&#160;monthly basic compensation of qualified employees. The Group has no further commitments beyond its&#160;monthly contribution. Employee social benefits included as cost of revenues and expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) amounted to RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" scale="0" id="Narr_v9hE8nT6vEmunrl42ZIleA">31,122,424</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" scale="0" id="Narr_Z98XYZA0wU2Rv7hG6-sjRw">42,637,403</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" scale="0" id="Narr_SHY-j_FJLEe54DlF20vDjg">42,376,447</ix:nonFraction>&#160;for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_N-jBxw-Se02oMlnsvvoAfg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(aa)&#160;Income Taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Current income taxes are provided on the basis of net income (loss) for financial reporting purposes, and adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions. Deferred income taxes are provided using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax effects of temporary differences and are determined by applying enacted statutory tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse to the temporary differences between the financial statements&#8217; carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset deferred tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred income tax assets if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred income taxes arising from a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) in the period of&#160;change.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group applies a &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; recognition threshold in the evaluation of uncertain tax positions. The Group recognizes the benefit of a tax position in its consolidated financial statements if the tax position is &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; to prevail based on the facts and technical merits of the position. Tax positions that meet the &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty&#160;percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits may be affected by changes in interpretation of laws, rulings of tax authorities, tax audits, and expiry of statutory limitations. In addition, changes in facts, circumstances and new information may require the Group to adjust the recognition and measurement estimates with regard to individual tax positions. Accordingly, unrecognized tax benefits are periodically reviewed and re-assessed. Adjustments, if required, are recorded in the Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements in the period in which the change that necessities the adjustments occur. The ultimate outcome for a particular tax position may not be determined with certainty prior to the conclusion of a tax audit and, in certain circumstances, a tax appeal or litigation process. The Group records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits (if&#160;any) in interest expenses and general and administrative expenses, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Group did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax&#160;positions. </p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-22</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_ab877774_00ae_4a68_be08_f9e576e5df1c"></a><a id="Tc_b1P2BibIO0e5AncS6ciwkQ_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_r3zBMmyBhkm3RUEYPAEnsQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_iAmSBphTBkO4yler77Dq7A_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_5nHvtOZIMUyi_SkkB9BQ5w_2_10"></a><a id="Tc_2fplueEeAEuGztBwAm6jiQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_ik2TmF_0L0G7Prtp-aE5Gw_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_fx3FPcMU_0KRYZolgFLWGQ_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_T5IZ4W1eHEmN6adLKrRy1g_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_zxwFq0t3bUSSQoUrNU_iAw_3_10"></a><a id="Tc_ibSkL1ozB0W_iNtwymzInQ_3_12"></a><a id="Tc_LAvLgFEZmkapO1tQIRNb9w_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_UfVNAVacLkSZLvDPZopGJw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_GNpyDiF2DUO-v22FMnd14Q_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_Ei-byAdXYkKCgCaMgdEYiw_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_gHS7_ET500KY69K--WcGVg_5_6"></a><a id="Tc_gCRsxVslaU6IJt2Me2Wn-g_5_8"></a><a id="_0f6b5ade_2e17_4c2d_a86a_65f5a8466dab"></a><a id="Tc_FZUEXYNDhUmWO11HSqauKw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_vgSpbQDoAU2FPUif3k6Zvw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_uT8pMk5fkEe8r9uDKskOCA_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_FefhA6INBEiryVob2WjCfw_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_S14M5nKx3ESbRU4iIIlfHQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_JcTxAFocQEOORlSDCdNbsA_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_zQ7p5FaObU24xguddrvHtQ_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_J8qnxlzf2EGi4IK0q3r79g_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_2bhYJGCrXk-G5tL0gbCrqw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_awvgHYqM_kS-mfpDGZO3zQ_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_Ya5oQ2WwP0Ggf4siQ-sw-g_6_2"></a><a id="Tc_yYJPdPIlM0eLId0W0p58Pg_6_4"></a><a id="_33cd21a7_69b7_4b13_aa82_c8fcfd798d58"></a><a id="Tc_yOD_3Fy66kWtTz-iEcmEsQ_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_g38Lc4rLOkGIAQcZbh6lVg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_iGjSr33x3UyFEYxAcFM1cA_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_b6wq3xcdQ0aDZXLESUKTFw_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_VIvE3z1NO0SlxS15SkpMNA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_zhEZtrpcwkaVaVl0c7Q-rw_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_WpsS7H9820iOLi11EDuVGw_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_SO4mQpCBUUyn2GmbRbsm3A_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_9zOnHGwJs0q6FLOWAkXo4w_5_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont10" continuedAt="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont11"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_LkUa7C7jHE-RadWjIZ7cBA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(bb)&#160;Foreign currency translation and foreign currency risks</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s reporting currency is Renminbi (&#8220;RMB&#8221;). The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiary incorporated at Hong Kong S.A.R., the United States and Singapore is the United States dollars (&#8220;US$&#8221;). The functional currencies of the Company&#8217;s subsidiary incorporated in British Virgin Islands, Indonesia, Switzerland and Germany are Great Britain Pound (&#8220;GBP&#8221;), Indonesia Rupiah (&#8220;IDR&#8221;), Swiss Franc (&#8220;CHF&#8221;) and European Monetary Unit (&#8220;EUR&#8221;), respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The functional currency of the Company&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries is RMB.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are remeasured into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rate at the balance sheet date. The resulted exchange differences are recorded as foreign currency exchange gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries incorporated at Hong Kong S.A.R., the United States, Singapore, British Virgin Islands, Indonesia, Switzerland and Germany are translated from the functional currency into RMB. Assets and liabilities are translated into RMB using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet date. Equity accounts other than earnings generated in the current period are translated into RMB using the appropriate historical rates. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated into RMB using the average exchange rates for the relevant period. The resulted foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and the accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders&#8217; equity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The RMB is not a freely convertible currency. The PRC State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the PRC government, controls the conversion of RMB to foreign currencies. The value of the RMB is subject to changes of central government policies and international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China foreign exchange trading system&#160;market.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" id="Tb_YlR8QfDfxkGqL3gWSzELcQ" continuedAt="Tb_YlR8QfDfxkGqL3gWSzELcQ_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(cc)&#160;Concentration and risk</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Concentration of customers and suppliers</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following tables summarized the customer with greater than 10% of the total revenue and accounts receivable:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock" id="Group_Wl95Z4pd6kyoBMXPqwvqIw" continuedAt="Group_Wl95Z4pd6kyoBMXPqwvqIw_2" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:61.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Greater than 10% of the total revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;background:#ffffff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Customer A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_3JJPkK7HmUyLoT7UckSDQw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_3Lkrq4FTc0WJ58VC8EB4Gw_5_10">319,208,693</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_3JJPkK7HmUyLoT7UckSDQw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" id="Tc_MgUWuz4rpUCyhzfXVbubzw_5_12">12</ix:nonFraction>%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:44.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Greater than 10% of the accounts receivable </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Customer B</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_Vs0AnYuIekO3cE4OTGNM9A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_fkdVNckOlkOMST-bC9qjNw_5_2">135,105,131</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_YAg6s-f-LUmi4n_IAwk0Cw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" id="Tc_37-3INMs2kCw2XqPjzmcdQ_5_4">45</ix:nonFraction>%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_jmawffnKmEawLjXYAeZ-eg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_6_kiMjaXhUi-SqVFgAN4tw_5_6">90,892,779</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_pJL2qmoCu02BlbSCnj54mg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" id="Tc_pEpxxOpbREq0mAcr2ww9tQ_5_8">34</ix:nonFraction>%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Customer C</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerCMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_53W8oizscEeQqUbdFcE3aw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_snpnxyKkqU2P814TMBo1PQ_6_6">32,443,005</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerCMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_eCPfmjig002x0Cx2TIWkrQ" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" id="Tc_rxQTvEnd_kS7mYizLvIriA_6_8">12</ix:nonFraction>%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.47%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Greater than 10% of advances from customers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Customer D</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_W_fQnEwDGkWF8TQAzWIB9w" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_UTO-zmSK8kSzjCadYivMPg_5_2">2,787,482</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_HS56pfLnUEG6fbXlhJn3dw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" id="Tc_JMsVXSCq30qL5cx_uY6dyw_5_4">11</ix:nonFraction>%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_MgBmeN8q6kG9K1zXRwpS3A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_IOfD0AL7mkyugOo_3bvqqQ_5_6">2,396,333</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_QaxDYWRdO0mK0QuT8j_8vA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" id="Tc_D4bJ7BmF30GlWeRNTk_EJw_5_8">12</ix:nonFraction>%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following tables summarized the suppliers with greater than 10% of the total purchase:</p><ix:continuation id="Group_Wl95Z4pd6kyoBMXPqwvqIw_2" continuedAt="Group_Wl95Z4pd6kyoBMXPqwvqIw_2_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-23</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><a id="Tc_o5HxYMT_DEmKux2jM_K85A_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_SgiO6Hr4UEyRa4EqWoM-hA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_BuZpRoDHLE-j4CHw4L23-w_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_FthuUPNqWUujuIb3YedGWA_2_10"></a><a id="Tc_7jbtyV6rjUGkE4ilBoAtEA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_xklqybR1-k-SR-Afyv__dA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_RhCOaW0uOkOgyXqSEb6hsg_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_4_m9K2xkeESRTAkArGFgBg_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_Ck-Pze4MaUm7GtdxmOPDvw_3_10"></a><a id="Tc_2S9Aq7fXM0CbojTHBuyBkA_3_12"></a><a id="Tc_fUCPR4Jwu0SVJGObc4eZzQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_UqFR5VKM20CqPpxVWdSd0w_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_SuaC2n5rg02A1O3ENPArLQ_5_10"></a><a id="Tc_nAtbYQq5Q0S-EnsTAwOMWA_5_12"></a><a id="Tc_MRo9A3693k6E7K2S5G3qxA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_VEebn-OqXE227iESucC2_A_6_2"></a><a id="Tc_FgeW_u1o-ESxETki8q5ofg_6_4"></a><a id="Tc_tUFUB_nat0-qrM8oNTd8pQ_6_6"></a><a id="Tc_yeY_Jln800CP28oXb0PMcA_6_8"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont11" continuedAt="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont12"><ix:continuation id="Tb_YlR8QfDfxkGqL3gWSzELcQ_cont1"><ix:continuation id="Group_Wl95Z4pd6kyoBMXPqwvqIw_2_cont1"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:54.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Greater than 10% of total purchase</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supplier X</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_utnvPeIfCE2QVrfrn2oijA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" scale="0" id="Tc_13ZfjTCDbUaXy2NJj2Kx-g_5_2">298,264,146</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_utnvPeIfCE2QVrfrn2oijA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" id="Tc_vpUiWbeNlkOgdFG2Pg37qA_5_4">12</ix:nonFraction>%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_Wq0ylAZUX0O6he62ZyXAVA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" scale="0" id="Tc_gpZrpNMr1k2P8BmxkrhAeg_5_6">354,956,312</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_Wq0ylAZUX0O6he62ZyXAVA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" id="Tc_2lk4S06_4UCRbSgPr-s2Xw_5_8">13</ix:nonFraction>%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supplier Y</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierYMember_-dqrYhPiD06FGaVZq6pb0Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" scale="0" id="Tc_KX-Em8Y7n0iYGJYqnVuQrQ_6_10">286,132,811</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierYMember_-dqrYhPiD06FGaVZq6pb0Q" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" id="Tc_61NNVOzIPEKgXS-4s7VXrQ_6_12">16</ix:nonFraction>%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">No suppliers individually represent greater than 10% of accounts payable of the Group as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.</p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;width:18pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">*</span></span>The amount was less than 10% of total balance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Concentration of credit risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash, short-term investments and accounts receivable, net.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s investment policy requires cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash and short-term investments to be placed with high-quality financial institutions and to limit the amount of credit risk from any one issuer. The Group regularly evaluates the credit standing of the counterparties or financial institutions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group conducts credit evaluations on its customers prior to delivery of goods or services. The assessment of customer creditworthiness is primarily based on historical collection records, research of publicly available information and customer on-site visits by senior management. Based on this analysis, the Group determines what credit terms, if any, to offer to each customer individually. If the assessment indicates a likelihood of collection risk, the Company will not deliver the services or sell the products to the customer or require the customer to pay cash, post letters of credit to secure payment or to make significant down payments.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Interest rate risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s short-term bank borrowing bears interests at fixed rates. If the Group were to renew these loans, the Group might be subject to interest rate&#160;risk.</p></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_bhn4S1GhWEy7p7voiLddBg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(dd)&#160;Earnings (Loss) per Share</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares or ordinary share equivalents outstanding during the year using the two-class method. Vested share options, which are exercisable for nominal consideration, and vested restricted share units are included in the calculation of the weighted-average number of shares of ordinary shares as ordinary share equivalents. Under the two-class method, any net income is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on their participating rights. A net loss is not allocated to participating securities when the participating securities does not have contractual obligation to share losses.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares used in calculating basic net earnings (loss) per ordinary share and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding share option with the exception of vested share options with nominal exercise consideration and unvested restricted share units (using the treasury stock method). Ordinary equivalent shares are calculated based on the most advantageous conversion rate or exercise price from the standpoint of the security holder. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included in the denominator of the diluted earnings (loss)per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_Quitbz4P-kGi6YmU-iOQ5g" continuedAt="Tb_Quitbz4P-kGi6YmU-iOQ5g_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(ee)&#160;Segment Reporting</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. For the purpose of internal reporting and management&#8217;s operation review, the Company&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer and management personnel do not segregate the Group&#8217;s business by product. All products and services are viewed as in <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_segment_LqP1yNnIskebLGUoRsBMyg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:NumberOfOperatingSegments" scale="0" id="Narr_3fvdTPgVuU29MSMhNDGV2A">one</ix:nonFraction> and the only operating segment.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-24</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg_cont12"><ix:continuation id="Tb_Quitbz4P-kGi6YmU-iOQ5g_cont1"></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_QIDSdGkE5U26lS2Ub8_NSQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(ff)&#160;Statutory Reserves</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In accordance with the PRC Company Laws, the Group&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries must make appropriations from their after-tax profits as determined under the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the PRC (&#8220;PRC&#160;GAAP&#8221;) to non-distributable reserve funds including statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund. The appropriation to the statutory surplus fund must be <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax" scale="-2" id="Narr_EJBF18o5g0uWoTsqtQNQGQ">10</ix:nonFraction>% of the after-tax profits as determined under PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the statutory surplus fund has reached <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital" scale="-2" id="Narr_0IMETEIfJE2FHorbItATNw">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the registered capital of the PRC companies. Appropriation to the discretionary surplus fund is made at the discretion of the PRC&#160;companies.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund are restricted for use. They may only be applied to offset losses or increase the registered capital of the respective companies. These reserves are not allowed to be transferred to the Company by way of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor can they be distributed except for liquidation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Group&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries made appropriations to the statutory reserves of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves" scale="0" id="Narr_bJv9r4ZYaEGqoSiKe9x5OQ">20,875,864</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves" scale="0" id="Narr_mUY_zXA0aEiva2ID__Opfw">42,654</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="niu:AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves" scale="0" id="Narr_vVmoUsMyMUeTHzsto9EVYA">nil</ix:nonFraction>, respectively.</p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="Tb_Iwthp6lvJkOhVBibs_unDg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(gg)&#160;Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, it provides new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment. The guidance will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statement disclosures.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disaggregated information about the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The guidance will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statement disclosures.</p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_3b8d5b32_288d_466f_b106_a9ea8229809e"></a><a id="Tc_5EguR93ZJUutC9Auikc1XA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_Suvx8gAnbkyBGUIoejgzYw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_jvdy5lV800OMYQtSg4MRhQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_w7Nz2iCs80KC0kZshvbxwg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_BEFf-Lx_v0G_I8wMCYOm2Q_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_u3vq-CrHjUma00d9AMUg-w_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_y_gVzOHZ-kO3hyVZ19wfyw_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_OeZJNTN0ZUGple0KQEUjnQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_PDk-_uL8u0u7KYJO9AM5hA_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_FuiA4qSgi0mdYpvghoKMuw_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_cZ2sd3LV-UWV2yeWECQyrg_7_4"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_ITUk-qF1Z0yhgdeVHqKm0Q" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">3. SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Short-term investments consisted of the following:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock" id="Tb_h-VMVpugGEyeN0duLugZKw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Aggregate cost basis</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" scale="0" id="Tc_DnC0yN1uh06vohp1Ta4diQ_4_2">160,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> &#8212;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Gross unrealized holding gain</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" scale="0" id="Tc_zOc9SA_E80O66i3mpjVnPA_5_2">406,301</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> &#8212;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Aggregate fair value</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_F0qKxy5lRkW2bdkC7At91A_7_2">160,406,301</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> &#8212;</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The Group&#8217;s short-term investments represent wealth management products issued by commercial banks in the PRC which are redeemed upon demand of the Group. The wealth management products are invested in debt securities issued by the PRC government, corporate debt securities, bank deposits, central bank bills and other securities issued by other financial institutions. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" scale="0" id="Narr_DnWLfsWge0OGnYFR45VaqQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" scale="0" id="Narr_ZccZDTSbK064YDS_fk0Bog">no</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> gross unrealized holding&#160;losses.</p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-25</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_3066a90d_a7d3_4aab_a43b_111b1a707118"></a><a id="Tc_ZG7oSHWcEkSN8pFvi8nskw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_lxIQ5ghH20CltZZd7dwGlw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_eHw3lr9b40G11nAKjvjk0Q_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_mNWsQ1dPmk60onMnwSrDzw_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_wssEgNo2BUuzuXX6OjgMoA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_ECrL2_xh7ka436ijV1DxRQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_a5_cnUpJp0OpUPJt4sDJkw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_6LzkArE3X0qmFrh8Y6u8fQ_7_0"></a><a id="_b2e56623_992b_44f6_ae38_28ab87d3af5d"></a><a id="Tc_AewIDGiIx0CvGGsQ8M-cLw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_N2KrFd7gRkuRLxTDpj_3Sw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_tUGOOwJLwEq-ToDZiAjLiw_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_Yo8O2MVG30y0mNBw7hg3Hg_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_2Bh6esf8M0Sk9dt56Z2Qng_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_s3i6w-ZubkC_U5NPZDgcOQ_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_uw8wA3Tt9UeLGGQMBht5vQ_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_5Z29OKjg7EmwLs6iojv3wQ_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_E7490Pt8aE6vgpp6JYbegw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_cyQX3ZqQ60uQcAHSP276Uw_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_8PabkfVqpEyYY9pDEBb79g_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_TvMtp_HEKE23HFT5JpCS0A_7_4"></a><a id="Tc_rnwwufWTCEC1sMv-ydpifQ_7_6"></a><a id="Tc_flQDtmKFCkSyNZL6njeYMQ_8_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_eVnu0iihMk642cKCF3I2ZA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock" id="Tb_ySqMTfJW8kaGLJkAlHJk8w" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accounts receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_RZX1CNom-UyIwlydaPQU9Q_4_2">329,336,616</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_Yqgsb17JVkOfC3D2jxgl3A_4_4">263,994,880</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Allowance for doubtful accounts</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_w5KtVBtgL0iRHuZ5Co8YDQ_5_2">29,593,693</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_C8rX-wyJ0kiIPfD7XMicoQ_5_4">169,038,710</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accounts receivable, net</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_x-qZM-wUTkK4cxAtN2j73Q_7_2">299,742,923</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_GkBSHJVzvk-CaiH4pR_gbA_7_4">94,956,170</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock" id="Tb_tybw8KMWjkqQdvZ5X8SXeQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance at the beginning of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_ICIgVah5jEG9RdPuUNXm0w_5_2">3,307,381</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_deDBtAVkZEeMXpg8VcKtTw_5_4">4,549,366</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_7a4TOLDaf02XQuSkTufDOw_5_6">29,593,693</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Additions</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="0" id="Tc_KS55-FQ8GEGrT6ceB_RggQ_6_2">1,272,454</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="0" id="Tc_TewnxcYVU0CaD2yDQ06mrg_6_4">25,044,327</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="0" id="Tc_fK73vEOuFEe1eOUYEhxqGg_6_6">139,445,017</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Write-off</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" scale="0" id="Tc_b_0GA7R5Lk6lBDf3yPGXYg_7_2">30,469</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_O__Hd0c0a0qlvZqOTIsK2A_8_2">4,549,366</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_H5GuV3niKUqZR2WTmrQcCQ_8_4">29,593,693</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_j8yc1rkV-EafAtJYt6utGQ_8_6">169,038,710</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_909599cd_24c3_4880_aab8_3da66f0e89fd"></a><a id="Tc_i5hAfb8DOUqT0bankrtCeQ_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_TSVmfH7P_kavZMO7CQi06A_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_R9Rt1eLU00SQNf59IydJow_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_0jHo8d1yzE6xnIMeWT-A7Q_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_GbewfazXg0qNimmVUBDMpQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_xwz05klioUOpVviDukzC_w_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_y8R_vtmYtUuOBtUj7gV1wQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_Tum3E8ylqUWSpoEjodBrhQ_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_DIlyUKX1HUyWFaLG699OBA_8_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_x3X5lH8uT0-MrGcEEFKzuA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">5. INVENTORIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Inventories consisted of the following:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" id="Tb_qK-E5ZtUykaVWJ_KVW1avg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Finished goods</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods" scale="0" id="Tc_TM7O49mhK0mMbkNUclhgDA_4_2">267,036,620</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods" scale="0" id="Tc_14cJFdiIV0yBA4x_11u1Mw_4_4">244,373,815</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Works in progress</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess" scale="0" id="Tc_PEc2p3B-qEa_eVTmQARxQw_5_2">69,290</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess" scale="0" id="Tc_JDvExNgaoka2Dugdn1vV6g_5_4">6,925</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Raw materials</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies" scale="0" id="Tc_ZTGLVRMYL0O72IK7WeOahg_6_2">149,903,238</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies" scale="0" id="Tc_cvib6z_T1kqAA4ZqA_RTcA_6_4">148,409,401</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Inventories</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" scale="0" id="Tc_kPy1Y2QpvkWdquXKPykS7Q_8_2">417,009,148</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" scale="0" id="Tc_TupiMUEgIkqHBaJPSrHGww_8_4">392,790,141</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Write-downs of inventories from the carrying amount to its estimated net realizable value amounted to RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown" scale="0" id="Narr_Z1picCMQOkye1cVR0IaUKg">3,679,669</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown" scale="0" id="Narr_88TCaYZ5hkOKcGsCN7p6Mg">8,991,793</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown" scale="0" id="Narr_jYovN_kohEqPlWjwdJwVtg">21,681,652</ix:nonFraction> were made for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively, and were recorded as cost of revenues.</p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-26</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><a id="_c212b0ff_2cf2_464c_9724_0ded2954e205"></a><a id="Tc_j9u6UheVgU6ZGX1aQxZmIA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_Pdppkfltu0OlAIFp0eM3NA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_hzdW0v1GKEqdSvDLqxkKTw_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_u4AdIAhyuEOOYnLnVFmzbg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_FUqG4dh-5UelnKrdPcgxrw_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_zKSGi6Od00y-QB2YwFdUtw_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_yO6mGsO_uEeFTXnnvPFeFA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_2cBMjrIqBEi3bUTsRkuN0Q_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_1FBEbgn1U0CtXs-ghbkkkw_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_5QoOFo7pzUCrbyxCtItUgw_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_RT2PPxQRTU-67E4Uc6Ds4Q_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_Lk9zwqzUQ0GArLsUq7T65A_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_CuXrSptK8kaQt1z9kX7xWQ_12_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_q5sR74zCEEaeLb5g-VlJ2g" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">6. PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayments and other current assets consisted of the&#160;following:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_QmBWU-tGsEKIm2yw3gsw6A" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Deductible input VAT and VAT rebates receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidTaxes" scale="0" id="Tc_c9Sclo05eEuuiT8Z-RKYfg_4_2">104,391,993</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidTaxes" scale="0" id="Tc_py78WOXFbUu1BDObFpAiKw_4_4">123,335,099</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayments to suppliers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Supplies" scale="0" id="Tc_eZugFWI2HUScvJwzeqZqPA_5_2">54,722,157</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Supplies" scale="0" id="Tc_ujoA9rsuOEyoEsmIwt9ckQ_5_4">35,692,402</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Receivable from online platforms</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" scale="0" id="Tc_rP1Nojgj7k2K_nM1WF_cPQ_6_2">11,555,500</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" scale="0" id="Tc_wi1d0aaRaU2gfoQRzDWwBw_6_4">12,258,397</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred charge</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_tKi98Duf0kS6nB_8ANdx-A_7_2">14,359,452</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_CqSoOgpbUEm9uI8cIq0LxA_7_4">11,722,400</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Interest receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestReceivableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_FAB0EpLVcEyhvVVC9uINmQ_8_2">1,916,240</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestReceivableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_9GcGgorKtkSSjg7k7rlJ1Q_8_4">7,357,967</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Income tax receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxesReceivable" scale="0" id="Tc_KIZo9qv-P0GVCJx3_vkuRg_9_2">13,349,602</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxesReceivable" scale="0" id="Tc_Mm7vj11IY0mWC2fGKXGK8g_9_4">9,450</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Others*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_QRD2mA99Ck-gd3P2F_JVOA_10_2">5,400,773</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_3Dgv162DGU2cRbqxsW36pw_10_4">4,696,414</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Prepayments and other current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_y6-KO5lSs02ArW6hWqLLVA_12_2">205,695,717</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_VvvmWqv6skaemeCwgeF_WA_12_4">195,072,129</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">*</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Others mainly include deposits receivable.</span><i style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> </i></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_a83f32d9_5241_42ed_8b5e_b2de61262d54"></a><a id="Tc_ZMtJT8M6l02DQTZj8dusOQ_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_Clw7V1Nj5kihrF8bClcBkQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_fKLIcCLyg0W6ss_xJCping_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_6Jv0zktntEunVtuDpJNEsw_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_1MieHBm9TEqfSX8lLaa4sQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_cfroN6VFhEqAaTDqIsJbSQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_bJh9mZ76i0K-tNEm_90lSw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_LtOjdtOHLEWMc-JNyBR9HA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_bB9ghOQG7Uq29T_f1oZfWg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_5TT_asgcEEake5Su2ANEow_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_BCDs1gAacEiqc3uUB6yJZQ_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_l5UwucJHAEGkFYrswfm-9g_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_eRL-tsKuWkOgunPBv6UkNw_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_-VuvJ2J-hUyeyUzeoWng_A_14_0"></a><a id="_87e9b7b7_3140_45c6_8b5b_d5373215fdb3"></a><a id="Tc_osFcWG4mUkm0DP5wyM_Fow_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_Z_n8yhmW-0W5DO0jz3zSaQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_pom-SZD2vEaXg-Kq9IaTuQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_DbFMXMe5HUuOooAWhR60vQ_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_mtFQmcEXbEmY8uYJlrUCDA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_0bdJfIM4X02LqSv7jVeI3Q_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_zgVzcx0tlEqTvvAK73Lxag_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_aAYPs54qxEyT0G4GtzqE3Q_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_sxvB5Zipy0eVVSuXa5GHvw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_CRFrufIN0kSyytXxCt1fbg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_y0BjEob5VUGOpL2Seo3nNQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_gKEcbl-i70aBhjBZp14fyw_9_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_Tr8OdwQstESrtXfBeZVDGg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Property, plant and equipment consisted of the&#160;following:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" id="Tb_cjHf853adUetD-NK3dHXJw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.21%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Furniture </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_GoZSBSwA0UqNPnpoi3BbAQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_IBkDZJchUEmOPVDk49VNHQ_4_2">380,987,667</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_0BdcBb7jKkGZrIYMG7tw8A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_OWpCqHaSzEmJ-dSP25ND9w_4_4">375,782,740</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Machinery and equipment </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_4gw4GVMbI0mrnVez2V3fzA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_bdXdoq07oEm-3wBi_9AesQ_5_2">135,365,960</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_eyXX5t_Chk-BOijXjnWmBw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_cKqYcuILWE-edBzWDjPPQg_5_4">173,869,199</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Building</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_9t0MWCqmY0urO2hbHq-QxA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_KzRdAcVTS0mCPHmQHb8JZA_6_2">148,449,403</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_ash29zfx8E6i_TVHIQBMbA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_lf5MU3yIREuU4L596JE6VA_6_4">149,465,476</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Office and electronic equipment </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_YerAz4tUV02g5g8A6YOqew" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_1sjief600E-fCPbn9ZYL-w_7_2">31,868,495</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_1CpipKNCy0yQCTG94ySFOQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_ZgkXWX7it0KKWuEIaSKWFQ_7_4">33,252,080</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Leasehold improvement</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_NjHz_tOV9UavVjLk555YTg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_rKasXRsv3EKWUgJKJwKSEA_8_2">10,778,718</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_fZXMdeozMECj0JhlbCI7GQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_mqxUmrsyIkqzPggIne1Acg_8_4">10,792,479</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Motor vehicles</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_19nyTjDHd0-y6KH1cCSWqg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_2oXNK3kvykOyZAi_Op8p3g_9_2">3,811,160</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_NjT4bawxfkmU0s11prghGQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_dKkxVQRd3kGvJn6ATjTghQ_9_4">3,811,160</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Property, plant and equipment</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_YGV5SIFJNECE-u1yxt7yWg_10_2">711,261,403</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" id="Tc_9vXEhlIMykOTiLWsW1l_EQ_10_4">746,973,134</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: Accumulated depreciation</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" id="Tc_sm5AMz2GIk-fn4W2LUVTdg_12_2">313,904,608</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" id="Tc_89JNN_NQrEmZCPhKWD4Mfw_12_4">423,860,768</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Property, plant and equipment, net</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="0" id="Tc_ntl6oN1wqUusgLDf2XmiBQ_14_2">397,356,795</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="0" id="Tc_A-LLQ_xXOkWGVIrUzZb1xQ_14_4">323,112,366</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment was allocated to the following expense&#160;items:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" id="Tb_RdzcUKpvZ0yhAoe8oghMZA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_XEcI_SH3pE-sSrqpzVPtLg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_dll_-t381kSGeDOA0CFhbA_4_2">19,702,392</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_mRudbltL10ea92JiAA-hnA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_y2cvdrCvAEWFI_dDgFrVVw_4_4">23,554,266</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_ASRhET5nrUKk2RhgEhb9hQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_1Hy_uhktAUaV121RwU-V7g_4_6">26,811,275</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_WG1pc_8lrEOY_bymyMVsew" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_3LH3M5dh402lbpuHrLtHqg_5_2">7,856,968</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember__CZFuZYbskeC8vavSWDHhw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_oiN0C-KerUCpls85ftOICg_5_4">8,113,535</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_P6Dd69lsoUu91Bu0Eo26bA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_LhC8Am22wk25roMR4aJmKw_5_6">9,057,825</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_fkEDuiKmUk-PB8WZqfUDmw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_4Eyo1_IYLUWDclLSPsX4cQ_6_2">62,949,248</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_YuKV1LdF40-ZcarMzNFsMg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_hqGeP_V4qkWqFVolq4Ehdg_6_4">104,721,594</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_Vwc9ChF7sE2p3sFWc9uNfw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_AGkUyDSOrEiYjRW5KJ-Fqg_6_6">107,996,726</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_W2lfvZbbh0KCvbLNHBXe2Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_6OQa-vl8YUm3oKsIDq0ryQ_7_2">3,092,290</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_XonR2eO7EEiaAM0AVzfy7Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_CDar6pEYxk2asD6SdcTMUg_7_4">4,381,707</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_wdSxrXkT0UqQos3lUiPESg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_u2RZkA4O5ECuhgNLIXG5jg_7_6">3,641,514</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total depreciation expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_V1iOlgZ0zEiCuLgLhIMvfw_9_2">93,600,898</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_eri3uI-zIkez15QBLCCYuA_9_4">140,771,102</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" id="Tc_o-So0475iUaTK1T9rauXTw_9_6">147,507,340</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-27</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_01ae41d1_e4a0_4bed_8666_a61fd39b714d"></a><a id="Tc_pqHKwqq9F0aasP9-P1bdhA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_p7TeH_75z0GHFqAymm8-NA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_xxC4zqE-s0KDUrVkeTsljQ_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_ZFMrszwBt0mvLj9ii3StLg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_3112Nv1kv0G45TBvudYvXQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_Jd8i2Cbkh0Shgba-A9Z0Fw_3_6"></a><a id="Tc__Cf4b93xp0qpAggLOHaB4A_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_ryBQBtXYP0WKReHaZ1QuvA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_hN-yhykGr0aOZjXbmRN-Xw_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_gLruUqV2pke7Vgn8WeAfOA_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_A2MzBRQyD0-3EJL0IY3udQ_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_T6Jf6La6v0ecWoyf476XgA_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_cSGs4Nyh1UCjIZgP_ywkLg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_GNTcELLC-EaBLUJ9od2MBQ_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_qEIBi8xc_Ue-g2eKm4lfKA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_Vd4YZBaJikaR4oTTAolWYA_6_2"></a><a id="Tc_AqubYO8tRUqvxu6MbQjHCA_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_Di65y7vHDECiREzCATd0yA_9_0"></a><a id="_600b80b0_83be_4c72_812e_b672fa845b5d"></a><a id="Tc_g1IZ7G5iVkGkIxM_553SaA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_uzIKNdbz3EeA8-aIuh4aeA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_IM0Ql4VxV0mg9zzVEyTj2g_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_sBlpEZo7J0S3-2OIPyXYzQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_FMlyCA3GXEyS0vjzECB_Yg_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_mE36cJ2_9Uisbx6x8HAU1Q_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_w2iWSWpyD0WMz_JVT9xHiQ_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_-Wk0aov2X0evWdSAJECTfg_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_f-MybQ1s_E-Hafkl9URvOg_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_e_CvLNU1C0emaRBYXGnADA_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_T4aqG_Cdy02L3qgx9OKs5Q_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_Jfhbno_Wp0mhRExm3ww5Rg_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_PghENXFJ8UC1EiEXp64z-Q_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_vbBopXNMwU2yF5VY1N4u2w_5_2"></a><a id="Tc_ltBMrgqCjk-emVlg7lRtng_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_KWL2UziSYkehNDwdIdUT5A_6_2"></a><a id="Tc_2xI0xcj9TU6rvCYmDqsZFg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_zyTAJ__FsUSU4umY5zZJsw_9_0"></a><a id="_fae8cddb_6eb4_49ec_8962_d07b733cef78"></a><a id="Tc_5yr4z0dd5EuNbSR_BliENA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_ksrxuScnAU6FJf2D_VlKSQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_Q1LSrMw5s0Gti9Ig7rc_jA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_bNN1HOR3r02MfIW9M2FtoQ_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_ZTLEeR1xoUOSblmBtheYlQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_TaOEzlpsOky7144d7s3LNg_3_4"></a><a id="Tc__EKPDCkeW0iiLvdF5CBY2Q_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_Mt4A5BF4GEOcAOvahcPmLA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_BUmZU_Z01EmtG-RF3DHcWw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_KR6R8kQhpUOPT1-Pjoo7Cw_7_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_rzR5tJ3lV06hThTTpbaMyA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Intangible assets consisted of the following:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock" id="Tb_H9tntL5_XkyvM4Tc91TBZw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:50.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amortization</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">carrying</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">carrying</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">period</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amortization</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amount</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Trademarks</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_Eu1Tl4UWtEyHjSnbMcb42w" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" id="Narr_QbJDVzdrQ0-hCDAxLYoudw">5</ix:nonNumeric>-<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_5Ll-C1YjU0aLZkecDP5dDQ" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" id="Narr_OHqkq1GAAEumywoKT2Varg">10 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_kAaanzgMkEmA1WAt8H5lCg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" scale="0" id="Tc_FuvtgdLVhEuFsGJAVPoxCg_5_4">8,983,153</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_kAaanzgMkEmA1WAt8H5lCg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" scale="0" id="Tc_6rtdNqD6fE6WpQ6XNNCP3w_5_6">8,503,451</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_kAaanzgMkEmA1WAt8H5lCg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_SRcEJPLBzkmvhjJSzV97ew_5_8">479,702</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Domain name</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_X9gAfk4DwkWedliz8ieB1A" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" id="Narr_QZ6gV0-3dkqO6FowuBbsdw">5</ix:nonNumeric>-<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_CNZXqPgtA0-207nBehQ5qg" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" id="Narr_ofLq7P7DdUaT4teAV9affQ">10 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_Eun9oalkkk6ED56jJQb0ig" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" scale="0" id="Tc_BbL3_1C650eQC2aUZ80tIA_6_4">3,820,913</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_Eun9oalkkk6ED56jJQb0ig" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" scale="0" id="Tc_xLU_rci_OUmg_vIXJjBxFg_6_6">3,618,766</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_Eun9oalkkk6ED56jJQb0ig" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_pD5tQRGZxk2Ld2tW4YENKg_6_8">202,147</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">License</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_AbvC3HIgSUOax_EYatAdYw" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" id="Tc_pv7hTEfgYUW9LQVDiaEuuQ_7_2">10 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_V_dvrV4_1kyEt7qCuySjMw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" scale="0" id="Tc_zLSMrJ5ToUqBiASWWUkV1A_7_4">1,943,396</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_V_dvrV4_1kyEt7qCuySjMw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" scale="0" id="Tc_a4ZfBIIcXU-LAHAD4XrycA_7_6">767,925</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_V_dvrV4_1kyEt7qCuySjMw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_kDr7zY_JS0q4biN_Wq3zOA_7_8">1,175,471</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" scale="0" id="Tc_DjQWeVvSvEC9BzGz_Y9Fzw_9_4">14,747,462</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" scale="0" id="Tc_Kj23uagyeEqkc3z4itjUpg_9_6">12,890,142</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_cBt1_xGNJECxlhrSsXLeFg_9_8">1,857,320</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:50.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amortization</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">carrying</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">carrying</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">period</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amortization</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amount</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Trademarks</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_If5kjX9RkEWGRKn63eLGUw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">5</span></span>-<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_e5zMMs5QMU2B3m0Mk2VfMg" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" id="Narr_DoeJ3VQiOEmomqDhBEQo_Q">10 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_uIlcA0eww0OBPIrdqr8HWg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" scale="0" id="Tc_aXlK1RYynUq69-zLv-IaXA_5_4">9,130,529</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_uIlcA0eww0OBPIrdqr8HWg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" scale="0" id="Tc_gUgxAE1xOUSZqeQt-96JOQ_5_6">8,976,570</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_uIlcA0eww0OBPIrdqr8HWg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_NXuFHW7BakyZh81sHnNSvQ_5_8">153,959</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Domain name</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_PCxj2VxiEECapTNsgKNneA;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">5</span></span>-<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_DJGYvi6xrUOtFypiajinLQ" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" id="Narr_fn6PEc5Ab0qGn687hRVmzA">10 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_aaRqrBuA90WzVqUj2Y-THA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" scale="0" id="Tc_zavOQcFkWEi29yxvF-0_4g_6_4">3,826,626</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_aaRqrBuA90WzVqUj2Y-THA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" scale="0" id="Tc_KGGVdKKjZkqlIpl-yaaOVw_6_6">3,655,316</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_aaRqrBuA90WzVqUj2Y-THA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_B0k6jGTbakSNTUc-XS6AqA_6_8">171,310</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">License</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember__YX7v9Em4UuYGMytpHf5OA" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" id="Tc_oObqya7cdEuUnMCWnZfu-w_7_2">10 years</ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_2Vt9TLxcpUWWCOYDpnWoow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" scale="0" id="Tc_9xDCteDtfkK4T9M3UxtqAw_7_4">1,943,396</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_2Vt9TLxcpUWWCOYDpnWoow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" scale="0" id="Tc_jcdS-CFyZU-MK7j6jMFGYg_7_6">962,264</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_2Vt9TLxcpUWWCOYDpnWoow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_UHfUPWhoEECaRpILUr5ctw_7_8">981,132</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" scale="0" id="Tc_t6w7BllQ5kCkfMW7Idf8GQ_9_4">14,900,551</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" scale="0" id="Tc_S-5bFpHEm0u_gKs-05cCzw_9_6">13,594,150</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_tO8EgIIygEKrTuBz2xXw6w_9_8">1,306,401</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock" id="Tb_5m0SB8T26EaRZ8xSsHh1jg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Amortization expense on intangible assets was allocated to the following expense items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_XEcI_SH3pE-sSrqpzVPtLg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_ybidLHyyf0WHpPmI_eILLQ_4_2">194,340</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_mRudbltL10ea92JiAA-hnA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_3KmUs4jGFkerovWDxUd1ag_4_4">194,340</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_ASRhET5nrUKk2RhgEhb9hQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_Pu_ZPRml_06E3NZlTpaWuA_4_6">194,340</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_WG1pc_8lrEOY_bymyMVsew" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_TvrUL08-LUmwb9TLHnkDSQ_5_2">1,677,810</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember__CZFuZYbskeC8vavSWDHhw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_VH5-gwiULE23iFsHQ9pKrA_5_4">1,745,967</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_P6Dd69lsoUu91Bu0Eo26bA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_dkMbl9foTk2oy4OECycZtQ_5_6">363,079</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total amortization expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_Z7QsqJcgdE-3rdw0l0qWng_7_2">1,872,150</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_OAir-DTQRE2fy8QousRwEg_7_4">1,940,307</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" scale="0" id="Tc_sS7dbxfFeUSDSkkzwKNWfQ_7_6">557,419</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, estimated amortization expense of the existing intangible assets for each of the next five years is RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths" scale="0" id="Narr_JBEegrHcskm8AZRXWSeoig">264,453</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo" scale="0" id="Narr_PeJFa3mPjU-aQlHZ1_Oggw">264,453</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" scale="0" id="Narr_cWip1MpY5EKO_cRjMGUDAw">250,275</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour" scale="0" id="Narr_82ti4phpeEqzujT-S18hBg">248,986</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive" scale="0" id="Narr_6bNv6w_kbkKl6RRV_D7N2A">248,986</ix:nonFraction>.</p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="Tc_juIv74DS3kKGkxzQfawnsA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_6EGZiOvvQkKUlBQHbivyfw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_1fZh9Xxqu0mK9AnbluM7nQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_IUwEdwVfbEGrhSBtWii1tg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_VLkF4NKuTUG8VwtteGTLnQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_642-dROCC0i8FkeJJlQ5ZA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_zVJ8own4hUCeX2Vgvc1lig_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_BMDB3PW6Hk-FRpgBCi3o9g_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_RUI84UinikS9Q_pTMVHQ-A_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_jHKg49TPRkyxCFX4uzbqaQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_f3uFPJJyj0yWzem1QpOVpA_9_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock" id="Tb_VpfIIftk2EafdArvlXZa3Q" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">9. OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Other non-current assets consisted of the following:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock" id="Tb_Z5ebnbrUlEKWKXnh6zBFfw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayment for an investment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:PrepaidInvestmentInEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_2Dqp1vzTh0i_8Oaw0STc2A_4_2">7,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SecurityDeposit" scale="0" id="Tc_zVf4DQ96rU2zxUJifN852w_5_2">2,376,350</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SecurityDeposit" scale="0" id="Tc_m409EfHRZUGujzHVESTJCA_5_4">2,728,406</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayment for property, plant and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" id="Tc_ZLkw-nhcW0ihAkZ0eaY5MQ_6_2">1,914,411</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" id="Tc_u8m5D487ikWMkK1fDHdCiQ_6_4">2,231,253</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_BpA0kklUm0aepUN-xM8a0w_7_2">1,392,329</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_kWUzbE56sUywpWzOd36mPQ_7_4">1,770,719</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_08tSGf5B7ECB9zrUM6zehA_9_2">12,683,090</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_nDb3hXHfn0CPrEYSmwoCvg_9_4">6,730,378</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-28</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_WHvSk6u7IEO8sM0Kjy8DKg_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_hWgbNLg6nESEqy8b7-Qtzg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_4GRFNrh-i0GT64K6ulD6jg_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_RMGyFkgFpkS3YMGoM5R86w_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_eH2YPdqOi0WWECFOyI4a7A_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_A7Lr8jgMWU61XtnQcWYV9Q_4_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock" id="Tb_kDVNFoZDVUWOfpIzwbdK7Q" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">10. SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock" id="Tb_s54j6pFZ7kiqhUkQVlx-eA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Secured borrowing</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_NO3PDLqEnUqFer2F14Wclg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" id="Tc_N31mw8bV7k6qC_9rVceIhw_4_2">160,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_a0IAHGXXx0GCgL9zLZv0ng" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" id="Tc_uw3corZwsUmEOzBfup0rHw_4_4">100,000,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In July 2021, a commercial bank in the PRC provided the Group with a <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_MQWxeSD9ckKbqUKecM-J1A;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ten-month</span></span> short-term credit bank borrowing of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_7_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_aAaVv2zms0CC28QBLOxFHQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" id="Narr_WVvHYI40PECgrwtxw8Xo_w">20,000,000</ix:nonFraction> bearing interest of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="As_Of_7_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_aAaVv2zms0CC28QBLOxFHQ" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" scale="-2" id="Narr_2TP1Is3rbUSh-5aFKzC3kw">3.5</ix:nonFraction>% per annum. In May 2022, the Group fully repaid this borrowing, and obtained a new <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_WGtW1H8hcU-4RiGx8otOig;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">one-year</span></span> short-term borrowing of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_5_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_rtBe2EMsCU6i4NqUV0bVXQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" id="Narr_RPieD74i5Ei4ZkPvfAHfLA">20,000,000</ix:nonFraction> bearing interest of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="As_Of_5_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_rtBe2EMsCU6i4NqUV0bVXQ" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" scale="-2" id="Narr_Lmr9p_yUNEOpwPI1sru_Cg">3.3</ix:nonFraction>% per annum. In November 2022, the borrowing was fully repaid. As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance of this borrowing was <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_UUjTEesuFU23Y7XrSWup6Q" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" id="Narr_4WAf6iXS4EWOGp94JPhGpA">nil</ix:nonFraction>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In June 2021, the Group entered into a <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_fxxYv-mlJUumQroHbL025w;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">two-year</span></span> secured loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC, pursuant to which the Group is entitled to borrow a secured bank loan of up to RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_6_30_2021_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_CgsuS7H1w0i2rFEBeLxWKA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" scale="0" id="Narr_VqSWaVKpKE2DEA7wo5OF1A">160,000,000</ix:nonFraction>. In June 2021, the Group drew down RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_6_1_2021_To_6_30_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_ewQ_r0trykSHa46CgxLnzw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" scale="0" id="Narr_LX7aySqmc0-z4MpR-Eqvag">160,000,000</ix:nonFraction> under this facility agreement bearing interest of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_6_1_2021_To_6_30_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_ewQ_r0trykSHa46CgxLnzw" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" scale="-2" id="Narr_Tk8igqaeTU6nJvX1NO652g">3.5</ix:nonFraction>% per annum, and repaid RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_9_1_2021_To_9_30_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_hdDLfuJ11E6RKfhcFJ8fUg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" scale="0" id="Narr_EXUJ-n-uV0-h9ezKDojWWw">40,000,000</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_12_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_5NJ9LuEYgEea0XcokI8_JA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" scale="0" id="Narr_4IPElTccM0CUT5x_iQfGjA">120,000,000</ix:nonFraction> in September and December 2021, respectively. In December 2021, June 2022 and December 2022, the Group drew down RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_12_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_5NJ9LuEYgEea0XcokI8_JA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" scale="0" id="Narr_dAsNUo3UeUuv7peTlbj4AA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_6_1_2022_To_6_30_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_bBIEYlUpoESkwYQofOjmxw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" scale="0" id="Narr_6nNK8jVi70mO-oKiHFnytQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_12_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_dUwIg93lHEu7MKrW8pO9wg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" scale="0" id="Narr__oiznbZCHEeEkEvSriKYBQ">160,000,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> each under this facility agreement for three times, bearing interest of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_6_1_2022_To_6_30_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_bBIEYlUpoESkwYQofOjmxw" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" scale="-2" id="Narr_L52BlNQZUkmz1EleMyGaDA">3.2</ix:nonFraction>%, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_12_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_dUwIg93lHEu7MKrW8pO9wg" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" scale="-2" id="Narr_CIBfG6fNEkucYyLeXsjN_w">3.0</ix:nonFraction>% and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_1_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_LMpOQcgXhkeYkxGXZgazKQ" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" scale="-2" id="Narr_atjKPlJV2k67cxhOERneCA">3.0</ix:nonFraction>%, respectively, and fully repaid in June 2022, December 2022 and January 2023, respectively, and the cash collateral in this bank was released accordingly. As of December 31 2022, and 2023, total outstanding balance of these borrowings was RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_GiCUHku0Mky03i4j9WXYKw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LinesOfCreditCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_7p-HPVzMA02TiTrQ8998hA">160,000,000</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_u2wC9iXgJE-EoTq9cqRd4Q" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:LinesOfCreditCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_zA7e731hvECx44EBCGSVXg">nil</ix:nonFraction>, respectively, and the cash collateral in the form of a US dollar deposit held with the bank was equivalent to RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_GiCUHku0Mky03i4j9WXYKw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities" scale="0" id="Narr_50qjE_xcFkaMLo7SGjxGng">176,204,380</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_u2wC9iXgJE-EoTq9cqRd4Q" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities" scale="0" id="Narr_yDYYfZZHk0GtcPyFjMF59g">nil</ix:nonFraction>, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In March 2023, the Group entered into a <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_7FZnOL4pN0-uoNeJcYaKPw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">twelve-months</span></span> secured loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC, pursuant to which the Group is entitled to borrow a secured bank loan of up to RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_3_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_gMrqZGxsDUKOvde48GpPsw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" scale="0" id="Narr_IdC6KGNYQE6s_SQSRsxZYw">160,000,000</ix:nonFraction>. In June and August 2023, the Group drew down RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_6_1_2023_To_6_30_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_V4D6ydE10kWzXxUo898KlQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" scale="0" id="Narr_YxLMgfk920iFpAMTm3kHNQ">41,380,805</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_8_1_2023_To_8_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_jAgO19GLmUeomgAsPEJyOQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" scale="0" id="Narr_VdjMv6AmkkSgpdpuy3LcvA">58,619,195</ix:nonFraction>, respectively, under this facility agreement bearing interest of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_6_1_2023_To_6_30_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_V4D6ydE10kWzXxUo898KlQ" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" scale="-2" id="Narr_oUq00AzjDEygLJ1Ygs3qMw"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_8_1_2023_To_8_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_jAgO19GLmUeomgAsPEJyOQ" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" scale="-2" id="Narr_355q7d3130y2pqUo6Mbdqg">3.2</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>% per annum. As of December 31, 2023, the total outstanding borrowings were RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_hSfJqgRB8E648EQaju8Fxw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LinesOfCreditCurrent" scale="0" id="Narr_3GtoWb_kBUOf22dRW0e4pw">100,000,000</ix:nonFraction> and the Group provided cash collateral in the form of a US dollar deposit equivalent to RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_hSfJqgRB8E648EQaju8Fxw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities" scale="0" id="Narr_td6s3tj_eUmUmT_7ygBjtA">107,521,732</ix:nonFraction> held with the bank.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the outstanding short-term bank borrowings bore a weighted average interest rate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_iOIDoFKjyECDjJF9I4zj5Q">3.0</ix:nonFraction>% and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_yFH1U-wztEOGyiwkwKNrZA">3.2</ix:nonFraction>% per annum, respectively, and were denominated in RMB. These loans were obtained from financial institutions located in the PRC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, unused secured loan facility amounted to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_qizgDdEgb0SGqt5qxvyAPg" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" scale="0" id="Narr_gzjaXUwAk0iTBarwY2RuEA">nil</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_WZhpsAUQuUiMLD3rgnOp6g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" scale="0" id="Narr_U5oFpWmXh0a-x59Icz-abQ">60,000,000</ix:nonFraction>, respectively.</p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:NotesPayableTextBlock" id="Tb_6ZHwpSgCh0micINLcmKcJA" continuedAt="Tb_6ZHwpSgCh0micINLcmKcJA_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">11. NOTES PAYABLE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">In December 2021, the Group entered into a twelve-month loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC. Pursuant to this agreement, the Group was entitled to borrow a short-term bank borrowing and notes payable of up to RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_ZsdDFATxsEmpyMVjBRBTbA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" scale="0" id="Narr_CllTKkFHYUaGWZFJXyVJCQ">200,000,000</ix:nonFraction>.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">In April 2022, the Group entered into a <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_4_1_2022_To_4_30_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_GAjx6TzH00Ox4WvExfefNA" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm" id="Narr_eIruoEfenEKhXM_zCkR5zA">twelve-month</ix:nonNumeric> revolving loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC, and was entitled to extend maturity date to April 2024. Pursuant to this agreement, the Group was entitled to borrow a short-term bank borrowing and notes payable of up to RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_4_30_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_ry_8FrMgWUqy6AU8Wg4hGg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" scale="0" id="Narr_jLo2AiDVQEa_bfuC0rfcuA">300,000,000</ix:nonFraction>. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, notes payable represent non-interest-bearing bank acceptance notes issued by the Group to suppliers that are due within twelve months.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, unused loan facility amounted to RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_TV9boRY2VEOjOWWhf7tweQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" scale="0" id="Narr_gtjBZdrrp0CFy_deXQONGA">183,167,887</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_tzgSGhuRvESa9cNqLDbS0g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" scale="0" id="Narr_AUCaaXmqmEqkd98LeyIfGw">132,717,312</ix:nonFraction>, respectively.</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-29</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;min-height:11.5pt;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_6ZHwpSgCh0micINLcmKcJA_cont1"></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_cefeccf5_749d_4907_a2e4_6fc47148516f"></a><a id="Tc_zyYcDFl1REiGDxaFS-Rl9A_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_eknGADKqiEqxCIKc4E-W_Q_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_BC7ttHX140C7b0DpUyU9Yw_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_fgFl5aGn30SMVkKcNHazVA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_84YlSuGd_k-JAOxjQYcMKg_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_PUiqOzOw80KgBf-j8muaTQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_2eybJebZwkCcgyRDOPtFNQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_WokRBemTzUm0LmpVtdJUvQ_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_uwzr-6XeR0OIYepx3hs1iw_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_6d5-LEmzakeOS1YjzY4tfw_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_gDjpop8qr02Ha9Mwo5GCbg_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_UyJTYjHoNUmD4M-wDbyX3g_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_47qJ6stg4US8DHEbOoe_Xw_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_rBfFnLip0EGEVU6SurstQA_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_VYENl3fMiEOG7uh1G6xThw_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_7h_bA7Ei40-c-fK7vTGZog_15_0"></a><a id="_700170c2_a9f0_4d10_a900_76d5cb9622ea"></a><a id="Tc_6wU6IY83hUOWMbsqwb5GCw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_q4cmRBEEKk6GuLIje1UMzQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_5lqi8TDmv06qvzkOKLROZQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_2D2Ag7mCekmuq1l81lYvww_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_zFwL-FFiM0CT8JcdMr6XEA_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_T5miIByWIk2UWOtHG7IdJg_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_YdLThT76-kavhy4EBBfswA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_F99C_77jmE2qyExIRFBQJA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_19cbCh9z80u-IB4MoRMifQ_7_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock" id="Tb_5sEAi9dAmk2yyzF9sHNU1A" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">12. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" id="Tb_Yo6im-D7H0-g95teMVQCtw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Refundable payment from franchised stores&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_q5f-JfXa3Ua7EY8Wh66jBQ_4_2">41,735,515</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_fMJ05oJBUECV9HYKINQPEQ_4_4">39,203,959</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_c-zpebu8IUqe2jeApdDqyA_5_2">8,506,658</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_Wc9BXMfVVEOCavgwLy8aTg_5_4">29,159,625</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued payroll and social insurance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_phHg6ujQJ0i2YrBpf5ntKg_6_2">28,508,469</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_HmXwspdZY0WiNAmzjyB9iw_6_4">17,566,486</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Warranty&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_8Naf4hkOO0ad-oCNAIo5fQ_7_2">24,797,169</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_yHuf-bNs7U6uowLdR7MJIw_7_4">16,736,341</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Construction payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ConstructionPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_5RK1x9GaEEmxLhVMnOQq_Q_8_2">16,512,545</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ConstructionPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_DYARShKH00ajsCnBd_gQ0g_8_4">14,372,306</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease liabilities&#8212;current (Note 20)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_NdhPZb28NUW9fvuYxuqDMQ_9_2">7,743,648</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_wkX83dpZSEynOzntK-artQ_9_4">5,094,066</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Sales rebate</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedSalesRebateCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_a_81cTo5z0GjVpZCawo5_g_10_2">13,878,273</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedSalesRebateCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_1_OmoYJMHUmZ35LunsDLQw_10_4">4,975,640</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other taxes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_ZY8r5M2urkeYz4tp8AkeKw_11_2">18,813,540</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_t6I7LzVHn02py7AWfUgCnw_11_4">3,542,993</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Interest payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_vKMZtev-kUO4LZV__4j5dg_12_2">280,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InterestPayableCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_jkFIU1XQ2U-wYpvSGxsxRw_12_4">87,671</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Others*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther" scale="0" id="Tc_AZ9Ts5Ay40Gqdr5I17sNSA_13_2">31,317,126</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther" scale="0" id="Tc_VScIWuclsUqXlnRJ8c3DTQ_13_4">34,772,309</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_FoiIDlNTAUmMDODXwiYKtQ_15_2">192,092,943</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_e4ahnV2ncE6Mf323FKNnjw_15_4">165,511,396</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;">*</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;">Others mainly include accrued professional fees and other general corporate expenses.</p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group provides limited warranty to its end customers for terms varying from <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_gn-Bnv17zkOVABH1rouxKw" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" id="Narr_dRdp6kBrTkeioHgbrPR2Hw">6 months</ix:nonNumeric> to <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_Ff5OziNcakeaGTSwTCAn2Q" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" id="Narr_GhYpNxNTXkautB_xLFGvoQ">36 months</ix:nonNumeric>, subject to certain conditions, such as normal use. For certain key components of electric scooter, the Group provides quality warranty varying from <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_zbGO_8ryM0ytSFdOVoMvsQ" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" id="Narr_IT_CfGLlnU-ht9t2OTK6xg">12 months</ix:nonNumeric> to <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_dYSW86mCE0-QUMsIdvfh4Q" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" id="Narr_wOint7RMkUSGGfGnppOAtA">24 months</ix:nonNumeric>. For lithium-ion battery packs, the Group provides a <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_vgM1-5mh10S1eI0guvGEPA;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">24</span></span>-month or <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_km_G4bPJzouEEOIHAgPfLXtAg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_S51lqJ1k80Cx3W0O0eqiPA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty" scale="0" id="Narr_T2TmJVV-xkWcxdT1GTHRNA">20,000</ix:nonFraction>-kilometer warranty or a <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_ZObh1wVXwUCkCj2GQCYAfg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">36</span></span>-month or <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_km_G4bPJzouEEOIHAgPfLXtAg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember_wgANziC6c0GFTw0MG3nCEQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty" scale="0" id="Narr_XehILXPH1UexmQdv5Y8LnA">30,000</ix:nonFraction>-kilometer warranty, depending on the model. For the other components of the electric scooters, the Group provides quality warranty varying from <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_32l9oa6Y40uqwsNXOhfN1Q" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" id="Narr_CwG1sn1v_kSfSaJRk37gmw">6 months</ix:nonNumeric> to <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_a0QTUoozCUe1U1CvrmIxWQ" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" id="Narr_iuzmV-eYn0mreLtBmIaOrA">36 months</ix:nonNumeric> depending on the parts. The Group is responsible for replacing or repairing the faulty products during their respective warranty terms.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Movement of provision for warranty was as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock" id="Tb_SiR64zc2PEq7O7Q6WnVdug" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued warranty&#8212;beginning of year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual" scale="0" id="Tc_N2yTT1J-z0eXCmpZvUPFWg_3_2">59,195,896</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual" scale="0" id="Tc_myHdXat2HEO3BrsyePhlzQ_3_4">47,788,122</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual" scale="0" id="Tc_f7-pJHV3c0atx0vIW56IwA_3_6">33,812,290</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrual for warranties issued during the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued" scale="0" id="Tc_oyYf2EVZv0aPI9MhkF_rMw_4_2">35,181,557</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued" scale="0" id="Tc_M6Kw81mGME2sHr0KiYicIA_4_4">20,355,810</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued" scale="0" id="Tc_mTXWWlK3s0Cv2U10J-cwJg_4_6">23,248,155</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Warranty claims paid</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments" scale="0" id="Tc_WqZb8CylOUyhuAMa1XHgxQ_5_2">22,554,689</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments" scale="0" id="Tc_gUkZyuZnZkeQX0XCT2mVDA_5_4">23,894,070</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments" scale="0" id="Tc_JFq_el8960a69wOtadGW0w_5_6">30,051,582</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Pre-existing warranty expired</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration" scale="0" id="Tc_W5LArV7F10mYj9nmrFYiiw_6_2">24,034,642</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration" scale="0" id="Tc_bXZV-S2XtEmdX2DJBtbOrA_6_4">10,437,572</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration" scale="0" id="Tc_B9DITfh0aUO-SDE8S2IvYw_6_6">1,683,024</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accrued warranty&#8212;end of year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual" scale="0" id="Tc_H5zzf49FLUKKL0L-oHV5Lw_7_2">47,788,122</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual" scale="0" id="Tc_VQSzebVO_USPpZZEPW6YWg_7_4">33,812,290</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual" scale="0" id="Tc_yPXr1GGZ9EKWaRC7MF_XJQ_7_6">25,325,839</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><a id="Tc_Ef1UVPDZfkOt8vtXkHq-0w_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_ve1dBs5N2EeLL9T6Onx6yg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_wY9bkohO-UmNgvAPsBK2nQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_WfTpunorG0GAK3vPaMXDZg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_GhxU_UIfjkSbrqU4LyXiRA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_HxgIXdfxwkSjbUxosT_azQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_xXkP66ChtUic-gBjKgtgbA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_3q3GSXDFo0q1hAyzqe7zTw_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_50eHuy4GX0KxREU-bphuAw_6_4"></a><a id="Tc_YYip98ZNekGYeOF9qFK4Ig_8_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_OASWUeg870ecY3WJzrKMIg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">13. OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Other non-current liabilities consisted of the following:</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" id="Tb_uvYn9MCbs0CPeo17MXhNGw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Warranty&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_WSJIRBppHkiLEiFitO3vmQ_4_2">9,015,121</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_MR4sL8jVpEqmEfeY-4Q_pg_4_4">8,589,498</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Refundable payment from franchised stores&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_6Y_vlqkq9kO0Fnb8GfHJWQ_5_2">1,233,466</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_yPYtj6B4-kmr8cS1FQ8zdA_5_4">379,021</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_gV-W8QbUhEeQMJhGfFYhyQ_6_2">3,192,795</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other non-current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_M5D-qkIG306Ud1cWFk5xDA_8_2">13,441,382</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_MCFXgbR_cUSecCz7iPWscA_8_4">8,968,519</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_m6f3SWX6I0ugaJysAPCsMQ" continuedAt="Tb_m6f3SWX6I0ugaJysAPCsMQ_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">14. ORDINARY SHARE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s authorized share capital is US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AuthorizedShareCapital" scale="0" id="Narr_89REW3Tuekam_HBarijowg">500,000</ix:nonFraction> divided into <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_OGn7eL-BhkyEhQRF_wU2Sg">5,000,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares comprising of (i) <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_l0moHdJmEkmno_CxqZrKYg">4,900,000,000</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares with a par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_XBlRsdSIAUKM2XbOEOHuoQ">0.0001</ix:nonFraction> each, (ii) <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_5TfU67SdFkOSv4hoM_zhcA">50,000,000</ix:nonFraction> Class B ordinary shares with a par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_GBiOJlE2gEWpTc9rdlht6w">0.0001</ix:nonFraction> each and (iii) <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_niu_CommonClassOtherMember_osWGFc2jdkG9-ZSAA0CtDw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_oY8aCR9yIkyh3QEkKLxuzw">50,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares with a par value of US$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_niu_CommonClassOtherMember_osWGFc2jdkG9-ZSAA0CtDw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" id="Narr_ooLLoHtezE64yt-nBWuZPQ">0.0001</ix:nonFraction> each of such class or classes (however designated) as the Board of Directors may determine in accordance with the Company&#8217;s Memorandum and Articles of Association.</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-30</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><ix:continuation id="Tb_m6f3SWX6I0ugaJysAPCsMQ_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. Each Class A ordinary share entitles the holder to one vote on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of the Company, and each Class B ordinary share entitles the holder to four votes on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of the Company. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">On May 17, 2021, a Class B ordinary shareholder converted <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_5_17_2021_To_5_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_8klqBh4F4EKFu5-3bvz7UQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1" scale="0" id="Narr_NF-gKjeuCUCO0HXPmbN9_w">1,440,000</ix:nonFraction> Class B ordinary shares to Class A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2022, there were <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_Zjg9GNLnf06aaRShBL1kVw">137,719,542</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_cODY-fyFK02edhQ0i6OoRw">16,542,020</ix:nonFraction> Class B ordinary shares outstanding.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, there were <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_-AWyoe5MqkWnTqX7yNtUTw">138,575,010</ix:nonFraction> Class A ordinary shares and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Narr_zlX2MC7cXU-xC5A1jOyf0A">16,542,020</ix:nonFraction> Class B ordinary shares outstanding.</p></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_4391ea8d_ac6a_496f_983b_bf2f48ca49b5"></a><a id="Tc_mb0EQNmIMUiajmTWrZUBRg_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_nr4OAA_pxEagtLW7GX0fdA_1_6"></a><a id="Tc_FB5nDWzl5EuzhriEfl9UEQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_CFF0DbN4dUuUMsOHxB18gg_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_RkhmSl-ix0-bHoT7--PNRg_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_R9rFq5has0yBz8Qeq5jLzA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_RcJ9n_1c30ikCNV9K7241A_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_8xHLJiTD-kqJZbIxFjuaTQ_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_nc5eWEP5zkuMWXfZXfxvQw_3_8"></a><a id="Tc_dk8ySJcgS0-SmFlwNZzmhg_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_XAsys64dv0q9AybWD-Hi7w_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_MulPVbDE_kmRm4QcycBAeg_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_fK40TmDWwk-sRGIYVLP3wg_4_8"></a><a id="Tc_TtxDCtcmoECbeJFdiVOEKw_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_3ZMQsk6JUEafbrC8gB1cdg_5_8"></a><a id="Tc_aC0pF0aToEaam2EQXd3vVg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_Fl6T_bnkj0S6Ns5SYLXERA_6_6"></a><a id="Tc_68vgjwbv-UaNXVDdTpZfpQ_6_8"></a><a id="Tc_SQ5pPS7UZEeahLF88u0atg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_dYUE_a0MuEibQ2SKUzr0SA_7_6"></a><a id="Tc_bXUzMfgzn0aLfdeG1FDfrA_7_8"></a><a id="Tc_reKdL3tdY0S8StEZJp-W1w_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_l3_361Sb0UCWCavYCE_ftw_8_6"></a><a id="Tc_hmb1t_O0M0iwROgzZLN6-w_8_8"></a><a id="Tc_QjSw7w25z0WWc2XF3le4Bw_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_ewYlxuDjVkCmSYLH1hpcwg_10_0"></a><a id="_ba7c3844_29cc_40a5_b3ca_65f886b8cc71"></a><a id="Tc_3xUcfNktx0WqmmjYt1CLLA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_43CRi7qcvkeKTz94qtxp2Q_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_USl6n413X0ODhnBvcEKIog_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_Hr17Wea2JUu1XsOnLQL3WQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_Knptf1CmrUOII7xl6qQgtw_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_aIW6R9L85Eq4XFyfM4M4Dw_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_AoxaVjm3dky3MLQ6VZJ_lg_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_YvxzpUOZFU--7pXR3Pt0KQ_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_sCXPTS-XrkWSU1nc_7u6jw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_uWADVJeLXE2urLOp39rCwA_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_wThvSxKPoUCCCk-hnwPBYw_5_6"></a><a id="Tc_Ry6XCA5MSEO19sVDtcQJ4w_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_Mfi6wtEiLUi5zLbvK92YYQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_cZb0TSETT06XyHy_kHxZ-w_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_oMltGKxWd0-_l_r7aQrGIg_9_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" id="Tb_zjvEpcFZ4EalH4SbFhYJCA" continuedAt="Tb_zjvEpcFZ4EalH4SbFhYJCA_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">15. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Share options and restricted share units</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">a)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">2016 Global Share Incentive Plan</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In January 2016, the Company&#8217;s Shareholders and Board of Directors approved 2016 Global Share Incentive Plan and amended it in March 2018 (the &#8220;Amended 2016 Plan&#8221;). Under the Amended 2016 Plan, a maximum aggregate number of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_3_31_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_bdk2fhw3Z0-lOkNkM6tSFw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_jgv7zJ1fD0WfFzbEFTQkTg">5,861,480</ix:nonFraction>&#160;ordinary shares may be issued pursuant to all awards granted. Share options or restricted share unites expire <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_3_1_2018_To_3_31_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_Cf7GZROJtkigzjFaGAkfWQ" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" id="Narr_z3_9B79MF0GCfAw-yhpCrA">10 years</ix:nonNumeric> from the grant date. </p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"/><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">b)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">2018 Share Incentive Plan</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In September 2018, the Company&#8217;s Shareholders and Board of Directors approved the 2018 Share Incentive Plan (the &#8220;2018 Plan&#8221;). Under the 2018 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares available for issuance is <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_9_30_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_n_wvDWIYFUu5iFbrefCr8Q" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr__3VoU0sPJUCi9uA5G2Tl8w">6,733,703</ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares, which shall be increased by a number equal to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_9_1_2018_To_9_30_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_YJS5JIFOxEe08TI4UmSD9Q" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum" scale="-2" id="Narr_XBrrqkWAWEuAQcymvhD7jg">1.5</ix:nonFraction>% of the total number of ordinary shares issued and outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, each fiscal year during the term of the 2018 Plan, if determined and approved by the Board of Directors for the relevant fiscal year. The Board of Directors has approved annual increases of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_P74Tyv7oF0KJYgqqmTXx5g" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_x-S5Zrp9yECKp3M63iM6eA">2,285,407</ix:nonFraction>, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_sBNFsFdvWUSmxdIWg2zRHw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_AnYnKhIv-UKLf9wxGm0R9g">2,305,212</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_4qfubFks2EW1p8WUz7a02w" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" scale="0" id="Narr_ssvdcEA5I0a_BmPn5hyWjg">2,313,923</ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, representing <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2020_To_12_31_2020_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_OgP5L8MxjkaH9g-9H66Htg" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum" scale="-2" id="Narr_HFuGJmMN90muSXKY0TAWXA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_P74Tyv7oF0KJYgqqmTXx5g" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum" scale="-2" id="Narr_XL7Cwmr-cUm6RRaPf25Fww"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_sBNFsFdvWUSmxdIWg2zRHw" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum" scale="-2" id="Narr_UF-L75Q0HUWhsgbxmg8pkA">1.5</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>% of total issued and outstanding shares as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, pursuant to the 2018 Share Incentive Plan.</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" id="Tb_zMolsORzqEexc92odmjdhw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">A summary of the share options activities under the Amended 2016 Plan and the 2018 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2023 was presented below:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">remaining</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Aggregate</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;exercise</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">contractual</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">intrinsic&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">price</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">years</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">value</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding at January 1, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Z7U0b2Nea0uyto0FnSt8lA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" scale="0" id="Tc_Zsw7FSUyWkKYqNRPTC4pIw_6_2">4,414,608</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Z7U0b2Nea0uyto0FnSt8lA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_ifVYtK6c9kGUs_ZO08mvEg_6_4">2.11</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Exercised</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" scale="0" id="Tc_w1_URew4p0uZUb8yMfgjIg_7_2">464,300</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_BCKxF7U7EkumQsm0dN9Sgw_7_4">0.20</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited/Expired</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_CwPbQYQ_6EuNh0vcb-jkgw_8_2">7,250</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_G409GcdeMEWw7E8drz2QLg_8_4">0.20</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Outstanding at December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" scale="0" id="Tc_QUmozlBIvEK5quigK8TujA_9_2">3,943,058</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_xnLh-Te9fUGI0UzIMPtgNA_9_4">2.34</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" id="Tc_8MJ9CrGgi0qy0oPzgeUItQ_9_6"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 4.56</b></ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" scale="0" id="Tc_8JHiRYg4v0-ZXcXrczoMTQ_9_8">1,190,466</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exercisable as of December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" scale="0" id="Tc_Vjujs2yzNkew3EsOpnhBXg_10_2">3,943,058</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" scale="0" id="Tc_nnjHXbFLzkCy9mvaU-P1Ew_10_4">2.34</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" id="Tc_FCyudfX70k-Llb7troa9xw_10_6"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 4.56</b></ix:nonNumeric></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" scale="0" id="Tc_MUHn0qXpB0SM10tMPn0d-g_10_8">1,190,466</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_eE-2YksTV0OOkz6YbnqOnw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" id="Tb_5khPha81TEiDvAAfW1IRsQ" continuedAt="Tb_5khPha81TEiDvAAfW1IRsQ_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Compensation expenses recognized for share options for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense&#160;items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_XfUlioHuvkeTE6ynKRiZKA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_xIHn7cGZ7U2ZKvKzqFJXJQ_5_2">8,318</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_39PYaeQS-EmHQNG2ECVbFA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_Oqiokg8bf0qGt2xiOL3FDQ_6_2">2,235,102</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_BKLDuNY-qkerfHQPXfc5hA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_NBLo-Rw_XEy8YHp2AxbEBQ_6_4">1,936,414</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_tqapIIf0D0mwzR4wfNVXHg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_j62utpQgxkmjYasCQsyEmw_6_6">905,764</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zd66NfydVEeAZRDtqBYfTA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_J5VbbthUL0mcUQL_1Hc81w_7_2">4,018,126</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_1__Js1QnEk2siyYgZoMHOA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_xq7sS9_vqUeAYwuXbO4yag_7_4">3,862,189</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_fTTzgVEZkkeDls4i5_M5og" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_YzZPW8jh_E2ngXzR481SjA_7_6">2,191,242</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_qCL6lIdLG0ugeOWlx5nUUg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_rFc0vErQ9Em_OI_0NTqZBA_8_2">6,649,255</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_EOs5SstHnk6y8WpVunNu0g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc__qW5voDGH0SWbbGyDWlkVA_8_4">5,008,382</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_ehS-2b0Wt0yr6BY10hjMkw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_q0zu-X_7eEuayqXXVChjOA_8_6">3,047,542</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total share options compensation expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_ykjpsjjLr0-C2sMrkTfNoQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_1FpH6NLlCE6nGDhpRh3mzg_9_2">12,910,801</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_b5t2QWBoo0GdoafbOATjow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_XVi2TkBnLEuJ4k-rOyARww_9_4">10,806,985</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_eE-2YksTV0OOkz6YbnqOnw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_2uZrR5K6m0aRvQGCEV4KKA_9_6">6,144,548</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-31</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Narr_LMqIIgBmGEKSeYU-pebvaQ"></a><a id="_26944a88_1521_4a1c_b3f3_88bfa8488e55"></a><a id="Tc_jhF-TlkSB0mmvhf-F7fmbw_1_4"></a><a id="Tc_bYPW2K5cfkqYTz-zMwx-_g_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_KJbYQco3uUWd1SnlDkTDWQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_vFc2Sazyl0KNvl8SKP1fEg_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_wL8yyewVL0CP5GkVtg3dbQ_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_BNIkHZFO9UaUHz-iNXDQrg_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_POy8w6mhQEqGXcICteQH7w_5_4"></a><a id="Tc_wVqL0hN48E2sO2Bmd2sCBw_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_ytA8hzne102FZAWdRSYqPA_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_Wuz4czKqokCwaaiWMjLCzQ_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_wEXizqV61kqgQ-GQwordKg_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_5qytrLai70KmYCePFntxqQ_12_0"></a><a id="_fdc0932b_21af_49b2_b1f8_b546c8e950e8"></a><a id="Tc_AKoBbVrkaEeC8Q4TnPH5XA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_6kcN25yvKkCDOqOZvrrG3A_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_cHg3y2KliUCsB4z-c0t0zg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_9plI2RjR7EO0YhsW2fTHtg_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_wc0H6MXoJk2hKkGQ0lkQ9g_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_QMlZe8OVJ0u7kUvSwA9smA_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_z6NK68W29Ui1ylhy5QGYdg_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_Ywi_NS3QK0CG2JixYGlOyw_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_pskyiwMDRUCdttiCVvR-Rw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_HiA_3G8G_EOVMcR_xUykBg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_gDjh94iXu0-7eOmqLBq12Q_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_IB64_EBcm0qDBNLhcCpaTA_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_8KWFE6oVqE6hl8YW_C9K5g_9_0"></a><a id="_91c5bdb9_d99d_40c2_af8b_b989008c1ce4"></a><a id="Tc__JE02Mk_wUeCdApNJqqhLg_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_uW4z3M9rOU6qKe2Y8zYXqA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_LXZ-FePTHUK5qDaHzEfEAQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_kULhKx4BsE-noS6ny7OkjQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_y30C9eNco0qKKBFFfVRkaw_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_ipf4oCDxf0CfPsQ9OIdOyA_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_WixwbFyBY0WvPsZW10NwKg_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_vojtvJMRJkit6_W1a33EJQ_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_a0fClTQN7USJcJebo3bfyA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_cm0UFmIxN0-x47Dkjwrdig_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_oe-lZUMpkkO2M57PEUmzGg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_CZULdCeee0qMRt7hEbYa_g_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_QMS0pDIKAE-NKanPZjpMpw_9_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_zjvEpcFZ4EalH4SbFhYJCA_cont1"><ix:continuation id="Tb_5khPha81TEiDvAAfW1IRsQ_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_rDAVseOtEEyjKHqkToUvOQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Narr_wAYG4PLsI02la_H3ehwJXQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_W77D69QjL0yi9cLscn9QwA" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Narr_e00009WKIUeIRivSPMyHTQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" scale="0" id="Narr_stB1xHH730C2-HAYl_grdw">No</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> share options had been granted for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023. The total intrinsic value of share options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, were RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_rDAVseOtEEyjKHqkToUvOQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" scale="0" id="Narr_rczVzLpNQkuARTwUPj8Jgw">77,271,754</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_W77D69QjL0yi9cLscn9QwA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" scale="0" id="Narr_OYzUhYADjEqatYw68yt8og">3,708,615</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" scale="0" id="Narr_yYMqpRyUuEiALRM6qy1HiQ">4,799,425</ix:nonFraction>, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_rDAVseOtEEyjKHqkToUvOQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1" scale="0" id="Narr_8f_ooJ-n3EiMSxp-NK-euw">15,732,201</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_W77D69QjL0yi9cLscn9QwA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1" scale="0" id="Narr_kvPO6blU1kGl2IG89vNspA">10,976,490</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1" scale="0" id="Narr_44yhLreeE06lU6LOuGIfMg">11,027,023</ix:nonFraction>, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, total unrecognized compensation expense related to share options was <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_AxIkC0k8kESiFASLwmE5FQ" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" scale="0" id="Narr_OmCAVtFQM0qo4viMd7TPIg">nil</ix:nonFraction>.</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock" id="Tb_cXgJgIll5EGZEOWlT70-3w" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A summary of the restricted share units activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was presented below:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average&#160;grant</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">date&#160;fair</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">value</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Unvested as of January 1, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_4L8d61shKEy2SU4c66_JXA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" scale="0" id="Tc_V7ayUjNCTUa1bXf6u-2Y2Q_6_2">3,890,658</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_4L8d61shKEy2SU4c66_JXA" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_Mr2wiI0HjEC2ToEUcMiCcg_6_4">4.59</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_O6XZPDDdUUKWhXc5OVqTOw_8_2">232,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_0iBpy3QuoUSN7WYJnx3brg_8_4">2.31</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Vested</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_NpTYQC0ZCUGJyT18xXx3dw_9_2">1,507,862</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_yL19xnGI3ECoguAIqnIsUw_9_4">4.44</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" scale="0" id="Tc_UdhhSiwQrkerWSdsx3RCGQ_10_2">611,722</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_6nJUhxf72E6DHblzE6-9_g_10_4">4.30</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Unvested as of December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_bWdmlSnrcU2p8MEKEH1elg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" scale="0" id="Tc_m7oqJGY3k0SF-54EeYxEHQ_12_2">2,003,074</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_bWdmlSnrcU2p8MEKEH1elg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" scale="0" id="Tc_893qnnZSSEiHBdSrnwfBiw_12_4">4.53</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The restricted share units are generally scheduled to be vested over <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_installment_OI0AxVGhE0qjnSLonqehpQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="niu:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards" scale="0" id="Narr_s5tP1DdD20yRy6WWzrdNxg">four</ix:nonFraction> equal annual installments, except <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_VestingAxis_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_DKVYqsZaqEO_QSdSFPU8ow" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" scale="0" id="Narr_LO6D7DB2x0Ocb0iVhYaQJw">128,000</ix:nonFraction> restricted share units were granted in 2022 with vesting in <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_installment_OI0AxVGhE0qjnSLonqehpQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_VestingAxis_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_S66Pl82zgEqfeYUQlX3Scw" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="niu:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards" scale="0" id="Narr_Sot5H553KEqiFzTCIeRjKg">two</ix:nonFraction> equal annual installments under the 2018 Plan. For the year ended December 31, 2023, <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember_Ai6WJ304o0C-1HsijYIWeg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" scale="0" id="Narr_NBfCFKoGK0CC_b7DimkZCQ">232,000</ix:nonFraction> restricted share units were granted with vesting in <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_installment_OI0AxVGhE0qjnSLonqehpQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_VestingAxis_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_DKVYqsZaqEO_QSdSFPU8ow" decimals="INF" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="niu:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards" scale="0" id="Narr_j3V2jm8fFUG_H85Ly2lbpQ">four</ix:nonFraction> equal annual installments.</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" id="Tb_QwCHh5sBzkCsg3Pucq3_vw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Compensation expenses recognized for restricted share units for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_LYCsvlV_9UO4ip4BWXj9Kw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_E7kHymsKOU6dVYel0dkOrA_5_2">838,515</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_c7ibVYJX9Emq0RbffSFV5w" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_pOTMKH9rI0qrTMSrLb64RQ_5_4">1,224,796</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_2Ud5-fkpEUScJwllT8ZHWw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_p4WhdjDN906xhTInKFJGTQ_5_6">1,237,902</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_v8ijbTzDAkOeoiUibk8mLQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_3SCSNfTeBEKQdIPaMP1q-w_6_2">11,057,530</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_qfsKZjbDVUCsL4HyyXfzyg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_0b0ZBi01J0O_PiFQFRvqgQ_6_4">13,497,270</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_q2rvfhcH20WJYOZETjYY1Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_PtivTDfhCUyTdWT3ecaYBA_6_6">9,085,924</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_FXbEnQyjzEWxbCF37rcsng" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_HAOE9wEkcEGZ58P0vGO1Tg_7_2">13,043,898</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_e3bDz8bGBUazL1e7L8DR6A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_ZP3p5Xoej0aFQhynxmUFjQ_7_4">18,499,553</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_clk4jZuTu0WPwZEz6foefA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_8rP5TcKS0UymsIaTqSlHWw_7_6">19,462,704</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_wGR3uo0agEaB7mAAwjQzVA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_eObm9XAH40KAdLzTSlx4Cw_8_2">9,367,412</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_7MlPZnfy7E2B6U6yMZ2gww" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_m_PkV7I0cEeMj96s_VhPag_8_4">14,190,582</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_aUewr1qKuEO7cDMdbva5KA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_ejk0C9xx6kCowMGALhjpBA_8_6">11,728,226</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total restricted share units compensation expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_fmMfWdhIDEaqwe286etOJg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_FkN8tVPrNkqhVsDolLRJSA_9_2">34,307,355</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_Xr-cqZcpfUuhRQOMKISycw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_lIfR6kZgt0euQPe8gUz4Cw_9_4">47,412,201</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_6mUxjDdFzUmvQ_-pbmtRCA_9_6">41,514,756</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_bWdmlSnrcU2p8MEKEH1elg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" scale="0" id="Narr_ezRLIZz7ekWOpL0wxbmqwg">48,330,116</ix:nonFraction> of total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted share units was expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" id="Narr_jl8a67-2REKFFrb_JOm_hA">1.92</ix:nonNumeric> years.</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" id="Tb_8d0kwDGQ5E-I4tcnULSp_A" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Total share-based compensation expenses recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December 31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_XEcI_SH3pE-sSrqpzVPtLg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_Cyg62uqGtEuTa3WcchQeTQ_5_2">846,833</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_mRudbltL10ea92JiAA-hnA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_H_k5dZqGw0GpYLYBbhborA_5_4">1,224,796</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_ASRhET5nrUKk2RhgEhb9hQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_8nms4No0k0ei8vmNaGJwbw_5_6">1,237,902</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_fkEDuiKmUk-PB8WZqfUDmw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_Kv-lVHOXJUSjNykn8oHszA_6_2">13,292,632</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_YuKV1LdF40-ZcarMzNFsMg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_ItnYBTfYoE-zERIH1Gz08w_6_4">15,433,684</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_Vwc9ChF7sE2p3sFWc9uNfw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_y_dSyuWMakaTIwocp4McPQ_6_6">9,991,688</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_W2lfvZbbh0KCvbLNHBXe2Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_Mrw8lS-570W8j5_nl-MNUA_7_2">17,062,024</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_XonR2eO7EEiaAM0AVzfy7Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_iq0xBsxPm0yCaDu5ft2Zyw_7_4">22,361,742</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_wdSxrXkT0UqQos3lUiPESg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_Otsh8swZ9EO-kPwdOoSOLg_7_6">21,653,946</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_WG1pc_8lrEOY_bymyMVsew" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_zkmw9nSDMEKcomDQG7I2Jw_8_2">16,016,667</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember__CZFuZYbskeC8vavSWDHhw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_V5RV2SBQ_0OuC-gHLi8RwA_8_4">19,198,964</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_P6Dd69lsoUu91Bu0Eo26bA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_VoSb3zuTqUqe9lHBDHUVCA_8_6">14,775,768</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total share-based compensation expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_uOsfIiTbg0ec5jAkbQOXPg_9_2">47,218,156</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_SUGofD5wVUCnBdvVz4qswQ_9_4">58,219,186</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_gRJb2wxzfkWBgL0LHegk_Q_9_6">47,659,304</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-32</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_SIhjVTYTVkySTW9UA2F6JQ_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_2H8YyDoPzE-3GxJKRDRzmg_1_8"></a><a id="Tc_UhXGjn_B4Eq_S-4PBlnHGA_2_0"></a><a id="Tc_qQv4nlVZ_kuJqQYzYxWCeQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_5HnwMzvUskCsOCzth1PdZA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_LttaLWoldUuhmZH8z9IWUQ_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_ARjLZMl5l0KhIZsQ7OEuKA_2_8"></a><a id="Tc_WnEQrBYeaEa6PZUkJAC18Q_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_bk9keW3bykqkCdSLHbsgUg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_JlhqrIwZF0KNi4-YrTLDqg_3_6"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" id="Tb_DeHBswO_6ESsh2McOKOTLw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">16. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following tables presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" id="Tb_8Fckuf8Q2UK0ndyZkr0A3w" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Level&#160;1</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Level&#160;2</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Level&#160;3</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair&#160;Value</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments (Note&#160;3)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_UjWPCLqZCUWhfzBicN5jTw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" scale="0" id="Tc_nU1Ua9HtoEWnbvsdCGplWA_3_4">160,406,301</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" scale="0" id="Tc_cmLkHUmhREui2fB6Px6AFQ_3_8">160,406,301</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">There was <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure" scale="0" id="Narr_7dtjzWH5Nky8Xk24UTYrnA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:AssetsFairValueDisclosure" scale="0" id="Narr_ZIsNeft_XUePvIXnUei35Q">no</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2023.</p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;background:#ffff00;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;background:#ffff00;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_b301b29f_8c93_42b4_b464_61a6e5ece61b"></a><a id="_b301b29f_8c93_42b4_b464_61a6e5ece61b_2"></a><a id="_b301b29f_8c93_42b4_b464_61a6e5ece61b_3"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_NjoS-qWWE0mIFMHAU1xchQ" continuedAt="Tb_NjoS-qWWE0mIFMHAU1xchQ_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">17. INCOME TAX</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Income tax</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on income or capital gain. Additionally, the Cayman Islands does not impose a withholding tax on payments of dividends to shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">No stamp duty is payable in respect of the issue of the shares or on an instrument of transfer in respect of a&#160;share.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">United States</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the current U.S. federal corporate income tax, the Company&#8217;s subsidiary in United States are subject to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_fx6z95hMY0a2QsSib8CUWQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_AvrFfjbBMUmrFOP29hpKpQ">21</ix:nonFraction>% income tax on its taxable income generated from operations in United States. The company&#8217;s subsidiaries have no taxable income for all periods presented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">British Virgin Islands</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;B.V.I.&#8221;), entities incorporated in the B.V.I. are not subject to tax on their income or capital gains.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Indonesia</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the current laws of the Republic of Indonesia, the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Indonesia are subject to <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_L7ApZIrDmkOW8M3A_XDbIg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_fposSts_kEW8Hz-LD0fbpg">25</ix:nonFraction>% income tax on its taxable income generated from operations in Indonesia.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Hong Kong</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the Hong Kong tax laws, subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the Hong Kong profits tax rate at <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_gMnzhk-wo02J0MyUatyypA" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_AXwauUNEIUyChCFqgec2qg">16.5</ix:nonFraction>% and they are exempted from income tax on their foreign-derived income and there are <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_HKD_YGyGN6R-mE2LZGbCv9SDew" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_gMnzhk-wo02J0MyUatyypA" decimals="-6" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" scale="6" id="Narr__hbP-7mhSUWBbQ_9Me2k_Q">no</ix:nonFraction> withholding taxes in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends. A two-tiered profits tax rates regime was introduced in 2018 where the first HK$<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_HKD_YGyGN6R-mE2LZGbCv9SDew" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2018_To_12_31_2018_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_6sYI1pISY0iRS_sApedD1w" decimals="-6" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime" scale="6" id="Narr_jaiI8eintU6aEjluGttgSw">2</ix:nonFraction> million of assessable profits earned by a company will be taxed at half of the current tax rate (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2018_To_12_31_2018_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_6sYI1pISY0iRS_sApedD1w" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent" scale="-2" id="Narr_Bd8j7EvXv02DxCFnWjIc3Q">8.25</ix:nonFraction>%) whilst the remaining profits will continue to be taxed at&#160; <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_gMnzhk-wo02J0MyUatyypA" decimals="3" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_h2U1f3Nz6k2nQzu1pwFoEQ">16.5</ix:nonFraction>%. There is an anti-fragmentation measure where each group will have to nominate only one company in the group to benefit from the progressive rates. The Company did not make any provisions for Hong Kong profit tax as there were no assessable profits derived from or earned in Hong Kong for any of the periods presented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">PRC</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s mainland China subsidiaries, the VIE, and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries are subject to the PRC Corporate Income Tax Law (&#8220;CIT Law&#8221;), and are generally subject to a statutory income tax rate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_zW-pcFeiLEK0m9pJMOmKmg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_nUGBNrV7EkW3YFaGRwzljA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_zW-pcFeiLEK0m9pJMOmKmg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_qa2_G9aT0UmP_evQj-fYbQ">25</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>%. Under the CIT Law, preferential tax treatments will be granted to entities which conduct businesses in certain encouraged sectors and to entities otherwise classified as &#8220;High and New Technology Enterprises&#8221; (&#8220;HNTE&#8221;). Jiangsu Xiaoniu and Beijing Niudian were qualified as HNTEs and enjoy a preferential income tax rate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_OwnershipAxis_niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_uEIl81OE306VCwGY_WQNow" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" scale="-2" id="Narr_UQSY9qMJbU-ilFy-Ify9dA"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_OwnershipAxis_niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_ssFimEy7lEOCkowUUN648A" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" scale="-2" id="Narr_3-7xZuGK1EqVFaBqXOaSXQ"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_OwnershipAxis_niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_VX5D9StKe0-jxVC1Yw38HQ" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" scale="-2" id="Narr_6718qJXmxk2FkYSfXsgmtw">15</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction>% for the fiscal years from 2021 to 2023 and <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_xzmrLM8Bck24mMJGeBXvWQ;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">2022</span></span> to 2024, respectively. An entity could re-apply for the HNTE certificate when the prior certificate expires. The foregoing preferential income tax rates, however, are subject to periodic review and renewal by PRC authorities.</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-33</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_t6ah0gGO8kSA1BGraE6dAg_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_onG1olzH6EaEPs6b0qZ-2g_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_gy1JOntq8Uy3ecpylZhBxA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_qmvhksSb7EewMORbazSCaQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_aOagoDkNvkWn8lxp7LH7bA_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_aCfbMKgwlkeekVHSV2XEOA_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_oh1em-YcZ064JCTAy2eH8Q_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_QCyP-CvxcU2NaqoD20wjWw_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_FOA9tzUV_UOfniOPV3toeg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_gk1Aonei8kioiPGetShgyg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_sT7MiwBBiUSnltVlHcpU1Q_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_fpRDeaH6Dkm12ZfV8A0uMg_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_gkhBaxwEZ0C6bJlmpK9llg_8_2"></a><a id="Tc_p5YRNjLx0UyTh_1yBkIglg_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_lCvIkY2AHkiiw6Kq0LeiZw_9_2"></a><a id="Tc_xV28aq50wESwzXu75Mri8A_9_4"></a><a id="Tc_Lg4ppETPzkSgXdLbfuuA3A_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_vt2XI4s-RUaAM3_GnVW0iw_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_SGGWDbdG5kC6JQTdIiiHkw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_NHmap8UpX0amW2AElLMLhQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_Zn2QfSAFgkKGdjgz982bkg_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_Zy3c-iZ-PEuFdDqWtfP87Q_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_iLNsfTY0h0GgF6PHwf9n1g_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_R0YixavfTEaORklPnxewFQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_qdewIAbs-0qnGbrjoWvy5w_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_OzjKxhQpbEy14pVOo-09EQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_uTZlKx9_dEuswX2FD0dbOg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_N0v031-6U06TuNnxTFrb4Q_6_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_NjoS-qWWE0mIFMHAU1xchQ_cont1" continuedAt="Tb_NjoS-qWWE0mIFMHAU1xchQ_cont2"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The CIT Law also provides that an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country or region but whose &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; is located in the PRC be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_zW-pcFeiLEK0m9pJMOmKmg" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_eC6gae0VskOIRKwWMzMEWQ">25</ix:nonFraction>% for its global income. The Implementing Rules&#160;of the CIT Law define the location of the &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; as &#8220;the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, property, etc., of a non-PRC company is located.&#8221; Based on a review of surrounding facts and circumstances, the Group does not believe that it is likely that its operations outside the PRC should be considered a resident enterprise for PRC tax&#160;purposes.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock" id="Tb_4evsSn4Q3kuNjG5HD8wwww" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cayman</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_KY_E6DLfb5SlEaIZU7jC62N7Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_IyEDEW9wTES6MDPb3q8ujQ_5_2">9,397,404</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_KY_xrgar0ia7kmj1cTOR52afA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_myh2Qk76YEeeky2vaIBlYg_5_4">10,448,513</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_KY_J96yfxI7XUqLzGeqrUHrAQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_CQu68VyTMkyd59JWO8pf6w_5_6">1,192,264</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Indonesia</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_9nvOzy33kEeM3tgHfE-qTg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_rikBKCBIKUaiHneJvVs4QA_6_2">881,810</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_1rsY55RJdkiGWRySpfOPrQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_qTfDf2d_s0G5O8DE5x_bUw_6_4">984,230</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_L7ApZIrDmkOW8M3A_XDbIg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_q98aeLQYz0WpnLhP0OS0ig_6_6">1,268,462</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Hong Kong S.A.R.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_7ojZEGi1iEurn8zQJmPexg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_LSIwcOvGAkCfgAcslopTOQ_7_2">6,700,069</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_QH7YZ83yT0mxA8Ov7JqNuw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_wSzR1GhCGkqufPY98yG8Nw_7_4">14,613,793</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_gMnzhk-wo02J0MyUatyypA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_lpb6fTpIHk21hJCjXS-BCA_7_6">7,930,644</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">B.V.I.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_VG_RZiZrhKtikGhfhDZFkgImw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_hl9-mgNNq0KEFoNJP5QC5g_8_4">278,774</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_VG_mooluSOVKkCqDH5rXxMNwg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_3Z-XzCizZkeYbvzDAo4WQw_8_6">48,100</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember__FZc7axZNEWsuT5yKoGpJA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_AQORMg3TAEinsM36UGYJIA_9_6">840,681</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">PRC, excluding Hong Kong S.A.R.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_x2gPx_Lz60qhef3KCBVxBg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" id="Tc_Izh31KLgLEqBH96Xvjm8KA_10_2">289,836,300</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_owDyuEAgt0mgLPxSWBa4Yg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_ta53FV8sqk6xDE8Q3Jt46w_10_4">44,894,563</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_936I0pLCNUyxCcThF4G3IA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_nlOzF4vtK0GFE416UgZ01w_10_6">270,748,715</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" id="Tc_kzT2dsJ_mE6eyfRx8jc0Xg_11_2">272,857,017</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_ug7T1aMYEkeBLEQMwbgNBA_11_4">71,219,873</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_-zOe2yWWKUG2V9ZB_kBTSQ_11_6">282,028,866</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" id="Tb_hxIgLiF6G0Wf5LTf9DWQSQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Current income tax expense (benefit)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" id="Tc_IDS8cg2kJUS5jx6cE5uNHA_4_2">42,715,007</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Xx-UF9h1Wk64_CWTo1xPmw_4_4">15,677,411</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" id="Tc_qt2sJoB-gEaov7iTH9Wcrg_4_6">759,425</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred income tax expense (benefit)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" id="Tc_Uqpkog72nk-xJnduSc9m0A_5_2">4,321,601</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_tAsQW-h_-kSrUSbZusf_iQ_5_4">6,079,533</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_rPuktDWBoE-aTxTLOstzrQ_5_6">10,952,309</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" id="Tc_lFcloxQaNEKQARp9zLWrWQ_6_2">47,036,608</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_8YXiAE9tvEOvsQUzGcZDGQ_6_4">21,756,944</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_OK3FBr2g7kKKTE35iSNuRQ_6_6">10,192,884</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Withholding tax on undistributed dividends</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The CIT law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a foreign investment enterprise (&#8220;FIE&#8221;) to its immediate holding company outside of China, if such immediate holding company is considered as a non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within China, unless such immediate holding company&#8217;s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. The Cayman Islands, where the Company is incorporated, does not have such tax treaty with China. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion in August 2006, dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment" scale="-2" id="Narr_my1ZflFx-0ej5BFAJMsvNw">5</ix:nonFraction>% (if&#160;the foreign investor owns directly at least <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate" scale="-2" id="Narr_41uis8T6VkyOltFkdUwrZg">25</ix:nonFraction>% of the shares of the FIE). The Group plans to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings of the Group&#8217;s PRC entities, and therefore, no provision for PRC dividend withholding tax was accrued.</p></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-34</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_4b901e70_d62d_417f_b8c1_e7267d36c630"></a><a id="Tc_EWA7-GcKKkeiJpkE67cLOg_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_Jdszz3e9a0qT4pgFd1pgBg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_JsVvckzJn02Yf-cPNsVQaA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_GADmapAKXEaGjGh8vWK5_A_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_vPh6jJ5Kp0mFsrbdwWh38Q_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_IgZ2GCRvbEiyeYLu0GuTUg_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_Pi_4B-bUsEuxKc8f_o7cIQ_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_BPcEscWOOEaJrg6OubCH0Q_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_4mOVM_iT50Sj1dId1ldT5Q_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_HcinFkCas0C5unMxpN1Eiw_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_TtAw_uFyzE2WflkAB628Vg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_UAlQ3q7B00WXV3gPbDDpkQ_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_nt-uGELqiEi8kMd4QoVHCA_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_LattcUCwnEexpXbHFiPm7Q_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_U8k1mxFH-EaMGmCh-4NSxQ_10_2"></a><a id="Tc_wpPtktSkPUq4PtKjdacL2w_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_O-XGvNiw-UCSFQrJ2XlNDw_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_AZhOw1oH90u3Xn7zJ-6ujw_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_voXBPbIPv0Sn-KHnvxtp3A_15_0"></a><a id="Tc__HNYLX2q3Uax8qpFXBA_Ag_15_2"></a><a id="Tc_Zob-MMcI9kS-KW_LLsU1ZQ_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_za_DCMow4ESfqBxhNo62OA_16_2"></a><a id="_445acbfc_826b_4be2_8d5e_7986aa296d85"></a><a id="Tc_f1RdD8sk7U6EWDKcmBk14Q_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_PmX8SzGyV06F4aCn27-zig_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_Q7Gr-maRRkCUWK4E4onkZQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_6sroqfJBgUmYsB-5p7OOCw_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_6DiVImQpikGuBcF7Y88kEQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_ox_WEE1aI0ODZpr4y-uIaw_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_5S_z2Yypp0eOvE5ijQ54nQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_e8JAD-9ebEWZaV5W-XkqzQ_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_1JAzK5uzqUuDvZAEkNeXdg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_q5qo8epXT0yQUrl60Iu-8g_7_2"></a><a id="Tc_QfT8mCW2E0GL-Bd5k06Ddw_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_hhtQOvILuEWPPELbT6r45Q_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_SG8tjXgwK0yncjkZufOkFQ_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_hsph-3elEky6HWj4GlC8XQ_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_gXeNUILR0EC_vRMY6LCyWQ_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_jGiLFHGNWE6pfMkRE2L0cQ_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_nzOy7LTev066bvUHiSa1PA_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_LQRh4hO7VUy3ZhdUdHNeKQ_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_2wy0jZCMekquyXueoxmn7g_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_Hw44G5IB3EWP2ndMl7gvZA_18_4"></a><a id="Tc_gSWmuWAmtUa3XLKIFGcJKg_19_0"></a><a id="Tc_9lqo5lWcYUicBLbQKz-5nw_21_0"></a><a id="Tc_hlN-Z5W0t0efyl24migVbQ_23_0"></a><a id="Tc_MLiM6vbtV0mlcQ8It4fiFg_24_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_NjoS-qWWE0mIFMHAU1xchQ_cont2" continuedAt="Tb_NjoS-qWWE0mIFMHAU1xchQ_cont3"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Reconciliation of the differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and the Group&#8217;s effective income tax rate for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are as&#160;follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" id="Tb_YcidkFJCakG7C2FWyDxQdA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Computed expected income tax expense (benefit)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" scale="0" id="Tc_76xgUgOhwU2GM_28BeHcHg_5_2">68,214,254</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_3BAvJ9iwXU6uq0i6lQR_VQ_5_4">17,804,968</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_SLOYrLGPLEW7VDhM5cOgXQ_5_6">71,077,803</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Non-PRC entities not subject to income tax</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" scale="0" id="Tc_PmKx8qivekOYexB93-tjmg_6_2">4,244,821</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" scale="0" id="Tc_A6duJLgNeEGAT7mfZ7FJqA_6_4">6,581,327</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" scale="0" id="Tc_Jr2iH5HYhk-N3PheVM5jNg_6_6">2,820,038</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses bonus deduction</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch" scale="0" id="Tc_LK5RZviRbUuSMs7xuTZBqw_7_2">23,328,287</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch" scale="0" id="Tc_reMfbfWtGkK5S1v8aF23uQ_7_4">34,910,421</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch" scale="0" id="Tc_ZU7TEsFxiUy_gauJkFhYqA_7_6">30,807,283</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Non-deductible share-based compensation expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" scale="0" id="Tc_f0oafKoYzE64NyQ37bhreg_8_2">11,015,406</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" scale="0" id="Tc_W2eEO6G2Zky5Aptsbly8iA_8_4">13,866,734</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" scale="0" id="Tc_lI-Fs6PWHEKv2JeGLadqrA_8_6">11,742,974</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other non-deductible expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther" scale="0" id="Tc_f0ubNlkELU6ZHCdLnAYUsQ_9_2">723,768</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther" scale="0" id="Tc_uennqe1CME22O7EHC6iwNQ_9_4">638,898</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther" scale="0" id="Tc_zhZGaypaJECqErEJiHJepw_9_6">2,491,593</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Preferential tax rate difference</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_HJwGXh3XpEmRvcI0WdmEtQ_10_4">3,075,033</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference" scale="0" id="Tc_3rzeHTWFnUmBcJi9Uo2SkQ_10_6">7,301,540</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Tax filing differences</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes" scale="0" id="Tc_hsIl7DB4YEKI5Yu2AOeXwQ_11_2">2,682,378</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_O7Q3_gV_HEm9KD3hKi_rnA_11_4">3,770,720</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes" scale="0" id="Tc_uPP5Uyw6jkqAslL7tncd4Q_11_6">229,108</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Change in valuation allowance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_RieR3k382U-ZA0kPVjEz8A_12_2">16,515,732</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_iCc5HmIkIkeP7AHsHn5hCQ_12_4">16,717,239</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_H3n-ZgRRI02yN45OGAOJbQ_12_6">67,106,949</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Actual income tax expense (benefit)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" id="Tc_NwbWDj1e6EqSISnZV3ghWQ_14_2">47,036,608</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_aLyU_bdFtEygBNQAvt9u4A_14_4">21,756,944</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_1Xc3yFf8vUOPy8M8pp2_kQ_14_6">10,192,884</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of preferential tax rates on basic earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" scale="0" id="Tc_uUG_cQ1qcUW4VwnE-2NdSQ_15_4">0.02</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_xFGgpzWWq0-Kx8xTknzi_g_15_6">0.05</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of preferential tax rates on diluted earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" scale="0" id="Tc_uIZyDd9o0Emqngn2FDOxnA_16_4">0.02</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_TGFLDD7askyiXbYJWaJDMw_16_6">0.05</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" id="Tb_QsTdKG5UaUGyYpJhDWZkPw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:6pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Deferred income tax assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net operating loss carry forwards</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" scale="0" id="Tc_0IuP_xbikkepHRUj1vsHGw_5_2">33,325,461</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" scale="0" id="Tc_Ht_i4bp1lUGKSLBi4c51yw_5_4">74,876,303</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued warranty</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves" scale="0" id="Tc_RCxIfjDerkmBOXhm85fxqQ_6_2">5,071,844</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves" scale="0" id="Tc_dsVGjmMlNky4InyDMSyWuQ_6_4">3,798,876</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Advertising expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense" scale="0" id="Tc_AIapk9qO1E2AY4SQ7Nu5qA_7_4">2,113,991</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome" scale="0" id="Tc_pozLYpJqrk2E_1Dq9T2gPA_8_2">8,470,357</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome" scale="0" id="Tc_NwO7V_tFckyM0agBUKrQgw_8_4">8,938,710</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Allowance for doubtful accounts</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="0" id="Tc_oFav113WI0m-uzjE_tVbsg_9_2">7,037,684</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="0" id="Tc_CZRw_HXKb0iHUXu9MgIDGg_9_4">41,878,340</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Lease Liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_G3bCQJFfvU26gkNQRDPbNg_10_2">3,334,705</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_hobxEC56FUqw5Asqp1i1yw_10_4">1,099,451</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Write-downs for inventories</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsInventory" scale="0" id="Tc_AnKbIp7HyUCPgRkDD9eiZQ_11_2">825,208</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsInventory" scale="0" id="Tc_IetYO5RgcEGEJ-5_PLXFHA_11_4">4,529,042</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: Valuation allowance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_y5rJaQk2MkamCu57c0-k5A_12_2">40,764,285</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_D1znOCLXhUuoJK_mkyMmoQ_12_4">107,782,306</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total deferred income tax assets, net</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_er8hw6K9ZkK1dI9gaDUQ-g_14_2">17,300,974</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet" scale="0" id="Tc_Pvw38xHRo0eZzZo98HRXZQ_14_4">29,452,407</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Deferred income tax liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease right of use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements" scale="0" id="Tc_EHo_ROATBE6gVqugdp1r8g_17_2">3,334,705</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements" scale="0" id="Tc_r8BI5MlKl0eoIsMMi2vk2w_17_4">1,099,451</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments" scale="0" id="Tc_VuiP0yndeUm_8I2xx6GzAg_18_2">60,946</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Property, plant and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" id="Tc_SNacze2dgU6rKo4CZhzsZw_19_2">9,171,103</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" id="Tc_B_L_GRKdsEyDVsnFTy2wvA_19_4">9,968,429</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total deferred income tax liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_x34L8Vf-YESDYpk9pSzIsw_21_2">12,566,754</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_7gYnJ2nHkkWYLQ7zhsgD_Q_21_4">11,067,880</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net deferred income tax assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" scale="0" id="Tc_xct2iRsCAkOG1Dmma_-c8w_23_2">6,132,499</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" scale="0" id="Tc_D4buJbzsAkCFadhTtbgZYQ_23_4">20,747,021</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net deferred income tax liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_nhBd3s6k10OzA3SnjA_vvQ_24_2">1,398,279</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_qXmUTi6riEKNuHKpVSQAKw_24_4">2,362,494</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the Group had net operating loss carry forwards of RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards" scale="0" id="Narr_djyCinKY00eO-WUD-yjImQ">334,224,635</ix:nonFraction> attributable to the PRC subsidiaries, the VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries. Tax losses of <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne" scale="0" id="Narr_6xzS6cCLzkWlXWEWa9sQ0w">nil</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo" scale="0" id="Narr_gCN0nwFEG0WncbXvrAD1RA">29,986,636</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree" scale="0" id="Narr_B-Q3aYhkAEmGUOQ37h1EQg">21,713,526</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour" scale="0" id="Narr_t8Vv0NIQ4EOVbbSBi-U5Pg"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour" scale="0" id="Narr_2A9dkhcx4EqsZa_S9Uhtjg">75,298,399</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive" scale="0" id="Narr_oYYthqMlhUOiTdvBLE-lBQ">207,226,074</ix:nonFraction> will expire, if unused, by 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027 and 2028, respectively.</p></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-35</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_e4bea40d_9ec2_443b_8699_6455baf91c3b"></a><a id="Tc_dbuB4QJShUu16ipF1CO7LA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_UwvR7X-0jk6qppJMPGr3YA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_o043AxaZ6kOxU-UoMu6lCQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_MBeHOzPQzUywqpvmkHlseA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_2TvqyhVXSUSV44EYZFAw4w_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_pD7kHXIN20CEV9ax99glTw_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_zDxcMQ_3R0i15jk_Cmt-GQ_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_f75Hyx2wr0qiS8dPgdspEw_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_cQlVGTUx0EqPsXj05uqLiw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_lwSZDfiuYEOdVLeaINOUKg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_29fe9V_F6EmOyK3Fpu13Cg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_y9DBgorjkE-rOhaZ58nuYA_9_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_NjoS-qWWE0mIFMHAU1xchQ_cont3"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A valuation allowance is provided against deferred income tax assets when the Group determines that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be utilized in the foreseeable future. The valuation allowance as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 was primarily provided for the deferred income tax assets of certain PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries. In making such determination, the Group evaluates a variety of factors including the Group&#8217;s operating history, accumulated deficit, existence of taxable temporary differences and reversal periods. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible or utilizable. Management considers projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Changes in valuation allowance are as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" id="Tb_xFgQks7VSEqmqitIjLpQjw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Balance at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_jqfE555jB0y6-OBCG5e95A_5_2">41,219,052</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_2lIbvVA68EqsGRF4Ul7Xpg_5_4">24,508,473</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_QtW_myojLUmBomgJ1602bQ_5_6">40,764,285</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Additions</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" scale="0" id="Tc_WZt22MNLo06MQcWzQHYzsw_6_2">5,567,822</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" scale="0" id="Tc_u1W8T1SwC0ORtY483hwQgQ_6_4">25,114,239</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" scale="0" id="Tc_0RAUBMUIOkybUM362bZ-qA_6_6">68,593,841</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Reduction</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_CUGUvd2eS0WFGi_uDDnpDA_7_2">22,278,401</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_VfXfPkXEh06IjFHsZ0tIrg_7_4">8,858,427</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_790NZrHZ9UaJ60TbdYlSmg_7_6">1,575,820</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"><ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_tisOGDPs-0SBfIwN0K852Q_9_2">24,508,473</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_DGy9EdhBgUa3kPYQI_LC7g_9_4">40,764,285</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" id="Tc_PCK9c9dPz0m7fQldbwM4zQ_9_6">107,782,306</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">According to the PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitation is <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="niu:PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors" id="Narr_NKpU0hoMxUihj4xqn9fuOw">three years</ix:nonNumeric> if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent. The statute of limitation is extended to <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="niu:PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount" id="Narr_ymWi4808eUmYWXAOY0jazA">five years</ix:nonNumeric> under special circumstances where the underpayment of taxes is more than RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears" scale="0" id="Narr_k1r1uGltkUSwfbWrGc-Yzw">100,000</ix:nonFraction>. In the case of transfer pricing issues, the statute of limitation is <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="niu:PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues" id="Narr_Gf58jV558EyJ7DTAWxojYQ">ten years</ix:nonNumeric>. There is no statute of limitation in the case of tax evasion. The income tax returns of the Company&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries for the&#160;years from 2019 to 2023 are open to examination by the PRC tax authorities.</p></ix:continuation><a id="_88fb5f21_26e5_442f_8705_2818498b2907"></a><a id="Tc_JY0Gf4wpgkyhsfxjER5DBA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_0FQ4LNH2xkOTU1IQkpYTxw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_EVA02k-ZmE-6ywL1TIIVBg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_7DwMGO2ecUSq9kVuvOSi6Q_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_lzPWsNv2-0-vDdtDzRx8EA_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_EW1TeL-2xEW_OsuiiRsKvQ_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_38G7gcQ-aE-bbruArgQ_7Q_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_3jCZc8LgOUmiLL6c-2yz5Q_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_lC3BfNks6kKfBf-A2k1jWg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_4u7uh82PKEiBYoAYmrG36w_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_j6jGefr9Pku6XGkIbj6s6w_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_8xB-8ADAGkGT0kKiXdX2dA_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_b13_yNP6sUeV0ylmkcThsA_10_0"></a><a id="Tc_49DxQbeO5UKx1VsR8PlVQQ_12_0"></a><a id="Tc_FY_nuMMYbEaByC5KC8Mhug_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_JAZEMB_d-Ei65AwK1nlIFw_13_4"></a><a id="Tc_bMLDb0EOcEut7j9EsdD11w_13_6"></a><a id="Tc_PWkWwzHSWU6y4Z_yGkGLDQ_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_zYB6JOWpUUevXR9OmwlB0w_14_4"></a><a id="Tc_jB7Syag7jEaWPa-bRLw-AA_14_6"></a><a id="Tc_Oa7StYgpZ0CT3Ci76Yi5HA_16_0"></a><a id="Tc_PCjB7O4x_06Omhnd0S03_g_18_0"></a><a id="Tc_i6--6xYHBk6mkZlONpG9ng_19_0"></a><a id="Tc_b8dBc5GNp0yr9nW-9H9PRg_20_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock" id="Tb_kh2SOPxshEuq5UsPJ5xy9w" continuedAt="Tb_kh2SOPxshEuq5UsPJ5xy9w_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">18. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" id="Tb_iX2Al4Jbjkmrutzap3eRog" continuedAt="Tb_iX2Al4Jbjkmrutzap3eRog_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table sets forth the basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share computation and provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for the years presented:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.46%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.46%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Numerator:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net income (loss)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" scale="0" id="Tc_XYKfjDyOGkyEF16ore0UVw_6_2">225,820,409</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_zibqvdkacUWT8l4T8XOSrw_6_4">49,462,929</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_yTnFhG3lyk-tA3Pqz7Gr2w_6_6">271,835,982</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Denominator:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_WwoN6p3poESGy-A5nZ_wfw_9_2">153,174,715</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_HkOUVenwQ0OVdi2I_laI3w_9_4">154,109,051</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_ZEIJpxI2ykyJOAxNdUkzcA_9_6">154,795,461</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Weighted average number of ordinary shares equivalents outstanding</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_dflbkcQJ3UWhvP9NemRQHg_10_2">497,643</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_FFl13KWeNU-Mm40uDSImXg_10_4">1,067,871</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_iunvfcPvxES-MZMiR3OFww_10_6">2,020,644</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Denominator for basic net income (loss) per ordinary share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_7z5rpgC4Lk-8vbqOpY3ALw_12_2">153,672,358</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_E44niPchXkW1ijUXZtETBg_12_4">155,176,922</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_TvmbQlP4IEy_g5fcI30ACw_12_6">156,816,105</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Dilutive effect of outstanding share options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions" scale="0" id="Tc_N3gU2-v1NU-58845zzsQNQ_13_2">4,366,690</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Dilutive effect of unvested restricted share units</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits" scale="0" id="Tc_G8fbmW5nD0utstwsePr4tQ_14_2">2,421,928</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_iFXkSaXmpUKk0DwxxKsyIg_16_2">160,460,976</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc_OUWcoHrQHkCCuWOioBwxiw_16_4">155,176,922</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" scale="0" id="Tc__VR8sBRXh0Owlu7mO0SzZQ_16_6">156,816,105</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net income (loss) per ordinary share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Basic</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" scale="0" id="Tc_DQzAencBwUOX3D2BrRPyqw_19_2">1.47</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Q98KmL6NoESws7pk17_f-g_19_4">0.32</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_4l-FJ8cZrUaF5GZLqc9nVA_19_6">1.73</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" scale="0" id="Tc_quK2mKMEJU6kNPvTI6N4JQ_20_2">1.41</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_EzH4QUT37EO_tDbjS00Udg_20_4">0.32</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_-yG1iiooFk2iB1_NEGdpVA_20_6">1.73</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-36</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_52bc9f5e_8b88_42cd_9ace_db337f50772b"></a><a id="Tc_UvKTHP7cb0mn-Zlp9usL_w_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_sOXqkMLNEUCPQkDGU3XjWg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_TaJu7iWEZ0WNRgZoxWJwOg_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_KwN6m7rBpkiO-nsb6QUh2g_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_uRcNzGioA0qzXJC-jBl2QQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_ybYM-VqlJkmgMaOXUM-qqw_5_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_kh2SOPxshEuq5UsPJ5xy9w_cont1"><ix:continuation id="Tb_iX2Al4Jbjkmrutzap3eRog_cont1"></ix:continuation><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" id="Tb_MBpbrIEcdkuD_g2Uqv6n9Q" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Securities that could potentially dilute basic net income (loss) per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share because to do so would have been antidilutive for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 were as follow:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_0NKA6jA2L0G2kH7ZvVVoFA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" scale="0" id="Tc_aOInp5u2bUyk1zR92fg9VA_4_2">4,414,608</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_pr8Gi55sWEqsMbfN2g3rug" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" scale="0" id="Tc_k3G45Iu-bEeXbG4mp9nnNw_4_4">3,943,058</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Unvested restricted share units</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_CjoNwIRmiECrALbFPpNGrA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" scale="0" id="Tc_u2bH2gGoR0GPlvtumuoglQ_5_2">3,890,658</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_sJut541YS0CnP2pp3w-OzA" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" scale="0" id="Tc_3EOjSfCKbESkl0X_Qhd8Wg_5_4">2,003,074</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_6666cee7_3367_4e54_b515_49bf45c0eca8"></a><a id="Tc_RmgOysIrDEuiv5YOMmdliw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_7JABViO0CE6elW82HnPgsQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_PaIVpR4fjUiliXC5mAEwhQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_9-ek9ijFlEOqXXZiY2zKlg_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_l7WuDtF8BE2IsPJOJ2zl6Q_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_vqtquB2JiEyvA-UVb4Mwog_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_1s6lGy0X6EKf7GKJyZwclQ_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_LhMseqj6KEKzaPAIy2witg_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_85kFVTLURkSBTZnyQLtDcg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_Tq7B37h2M0yUcX2yoWmKqg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_ZcDR46Z_JkOCN8ei5Bj1bQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_AelifMAgKEG5COfYD856ug_8_0"></a><a id="_1f8acef9_c4af_4c0d_957b_3d7e4f82ecec"></a><a id="Tc_7fgojLIHhESIbuu3h7tpDA_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_g6X-mx6irE2GCzWW8RiYfQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_-ozwPyY41kG-oF3yv00BCw_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_aCPV0cOcfkSLqk9q1S2gYw_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_gIEk_o3LGkm5z6gUhi5clw_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_dt2le_2oaUSHki0luKWdFQ_4_2"></a><a id="Tc_gZvhfOdZRkKMmkWWKgAHtg_4_4"></a><a id="Tc_U18Rp2-69UyOMZj61YUWMA_4_6"></a><a id="Tc_qy7E3YNLNk-qzKoyNf0hNg_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_vEesCB0liE-ncV6JCMHFeg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_1B8rloKFPUqMnseia3TVCg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_qjcDII029k2u73BfncQ8yg_8_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" id="Tb_i84hzFinrUGIOr0dKohwTQ" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">19. REVENUE INFORMATION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Revenues consisted of the following:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock" id="Tb_nuucpdsX3kO0SzHHVGLqCg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:38.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:38.06%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Electric scooter sales</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_l2uEzkhoG0S3kbSKOMQmSg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_AsWpFMhNyE6bfWyna47N7Q_5_2">3,252,988,512</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_o1cgg7yTJ0Ot-tjoAaG0IQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_PKKXJ_LESEWso88ot_6YzA_5_4">2,853,895,423</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_8kFTFNpK50illq8oaP7XTg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_0WmwplwpE0aK6QWxlJEShA_5_6">2,358,658,368</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accessory and spare parts sales</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_1XN4Rd2kmkCNLypwu3Atkg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_cC4ZFqeGPkaP5rS6ppXKSA_6_2">397,088,122</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_vhP4KwhhhUydB4nNwizi6w" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_lWqwOTWeVkCCtcyYkB7txA_6_4">242,296,734</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_kXXzz18MSEO171UdQfJ_tg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_ejsV25EV4U-642nQCMAtjQ_6_6">197,634,073</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Service revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_ytCyBXordU6KCarhZvA7Ow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_6-mPR2ordEGDU88YlZNBXQ_7_2">54,460,785</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_LQpBk3jgxUewL8qyxKETCw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_yaQ0auJIFUuw9a4LOv98VQ_7_4">72,405,177</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_VBmuk4Qd-kK6CvZz7tNs1g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_ql9PKTjEW0W5ocBs81phVw_7_6">95,465,205</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Revenues</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_kTCqstptCEmBN0Tzv4Fhug_8_2">3,704,537,419</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_lLS93qDeL0qBWleNw6JAaw_8_4">3,168,597,334</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_YzVBltJmVkWBkiQhGpB3Gw_8_6">2,651,757,646</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following summarized the Group&#8217;s revenues from the following geographic areas (based on the location of&#160;customers):</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" id="Tb_OyG2CSmr6EWYkmxkC6lZLw" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">PRC</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_6X6csY3VoUu9sux7l3fxBQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_bPrAO2iCGUi2FZwVHdPIbw_5_2">3,158,966,932</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_3qkIUpLRNEmWMo7Jg5wc8w" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_YHARxu9AB0u3MsPr5JFdKg_5_4">2,583,843,616</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_zW-pcFeiLEK0m9pJMOmKmg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_H14MENApq0uXH2mhw2hucg_5_6">2,247,593,239</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Europe</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_srt_EuropeMember_PlQcrWiArUCWCf3n9q4EOw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_YnvczCXGtE6vg2Aj2U57UA_6_2">430,201,301</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_srt_EuropeMember_fbOKUp5yS0GTmEFZaAq6Iw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_LcuXKM6b0U-t8VJaGxbN_A_6_4">343,157,877</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_srt_EuropeMember_8TVFOiiVz0uVVezJgV8bog" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_u0EUEK0LtUanHcVpoJl6SQ_6_6">151,521,237</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_wMd2PYqRXUuhZ-FX3Yq0Ng" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_tulE2BerDEGVAV129nrq3A_7_2">115,369,186</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_ynVIJvGDhEyf__aKGjtyQw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_gwDelOuxfkq1xFnM5H5lMw_7_4">241,595,841</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_bleBLsP0MUSW4P2SvtUcVw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_dJCMM7JnxkShlYgR2IAcgw_7_6">252,643,170</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Revenues</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_EGj3kJlJtEG1SPAdsZNgEQ_8_2">3,704,537,419</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_WBTeRio_Uka42s3D6G2oRA_8_4">3,168,597,334</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" scale="0" id="Tc_NCaCXRTTB0KF23TR3z8TIw_8_6">2,651,757,646</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="_beebad20_0408_409d_9e71_47f7df662824"></a><a id="Tc_w8eMsE3HRU2fXajNZwI9kw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_Y1x5CdNVTk2ujxs0Eg01rg_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_qNdPMqSFN0G61_KthY2BUA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_l2FjwE3i906PCnr1UAphRA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_8zMYxcP9tkamk1sUrAqHCw_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_uSobH2HaN0a7_6tom1WkPQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_SbCRqHwEmU6uV6_3wZsalw_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_jD7nOdFaEkq2M_i7uH2sUg_8_0"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" id="Tb_CTsCtcI8tkii7TBBzhQrsg" continuedAt="Tb_CTsCtcI8tkii7TBBzhQrsg_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">20. OPERATING LEASES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group leases its facilities and offices under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the operating lease cost were RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost" scale="0" id="Narr_Dfu9Lcx9zEqhr7rdm4X28Q">11,947,682</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost" scale="0" id="Narr_7MFTU9UZZESFsQ0bQio0xA">9,352,700</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost" scale="0" id="Narr_3FKYbwhF7EqAIDDOfTAz8g">7,549,026</ix:nonFraction>, respectively, and the short-term lease cost were RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost" scale="0" id="Narr_VdexZJC-k0-fTowYsIqPNA">1,357,660</ix:nonFraction>, RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost" scale="0" id="Narr_D4zA6Nv7EUmixT_v45VTkg">847,735</ix:nonFraction> and RMB<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost" scale="0" id="Narr_EknpTm2wL0WN7Legdk4Zsw">1,480,259</ix:nonFraction>, respectively. There were <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="niu:LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts" scale="0" id="Narr_F3zCh3m4Kke_qROICypVVw">no</ix:nonFraction> leasing costs other than operating lease costs or short-term lease costs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A summary of supplemental information related to operating leases as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 was as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="niu:ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock" id="Tb_0Y_FBqXRYE-rZJ4HX75XQQ" continuedAt="Tb_0Y_FBqXRYE-rZJ4HX75XQQ_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Operating lease right-of-use assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="0" id="Tc_i0-GxP2HsUy_s_pxYhc-pQ_4_2">86,597,121</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="0" id="Tc_AXOy9Jt-sEKPYaKitKZFRw_4_4">76,821,285</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_TiFC9rcIt06q_jde-_ll9Q;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Operating lease liabilities&#8212;current (Note 12)</span></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_Jnyx-0yRckGqixT5GS46KA_6_2">7,743,648</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_VeVMy48nokuSDOdF3HmViw_6_4">5,094,066</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease liabilities&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_do89vJTwnEWYtz6Hlq33aQ_7_2">7,569,128</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_iBRJz5dm5EevLp9c-hWHmA_7_4">280,421</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total operating lease liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_317_MQRpvUqGf9DVtS3L4A_8_2">15,312,776</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_dLbE_VjcE02GpNAqb128Tg_8_4">5,374,487</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-37</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="_3e573ffe_8718_4685_9e6b_bb9e67044590"></a><a id="Tc_kPUTztevAUGvvvVLeOKwfQ_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_DDeXdeBsi0O_4LALbXUGVw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_MqrEwLCPXU6xwcJSUBBr9g_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_7NTqXjGTt0uBpBiST8vchg_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_i8cLwgNbwkqxs3tJTTvVKQ_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_6OdWxZoSSECUSHnqGVhijA_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_3KRAWyo1R0ShQ5j0zL5pfQ_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_QsnDF3NYsEa90f3mx8p2qg_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_l5pLFMDRUU2a9jyrudoy-g_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_tT_CU0QdvUyzwcb53_AE1g_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_QsrKJOIGdUisHAhc-DmF8g_6_4"></a><a id="Tc_JfonqO40oEmU7exTTYcNBg_6_6"></a><a id="Tc_lrpy-oiApUO3My7BOBnBmg_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_X8jV9uDg20OZU9v8CqCTdg_7_4"></a><a id="Tc_eXrhM5wS3k6c-fzborD63w_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_iMV3ZHxYRk-xZdmsuSQ5Tw_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_frYYJLcDxEi7lANVKM48Pg_3_0"></a><a id="Tc_g9-MUqm4Ek-GBCBw5RrWgA_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_ymaIDFlp6kSebHojdQH1cQ_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_XsxokctBQUKiG0cao3fFXA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_VO0dIOsBUUihs-_mOTEgtA_7_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_CTsCtcI8tkii7TBBzhQrsg_cont1"><ix:continuation id="Tb_0Y_FBqXRYE-rZJ4HX75XQQ_cont1"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December 31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments" scale="0" id="Tc__6LTyUEOLE-0-QCLCx0tfw_4_2">9,569,023</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments" scale="0" id="Tc_NyMKiZJDl0-H6Zm0e0Gj6w_4_4">8,046,828</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments" scale="0" id="Tc_zHgrxHLeb0GIzN5cnGeCEg_4_6">7,711,479</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_sSSFBQxrzkW6O83iLeh75w_5_2">10,201,553</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_Q32vLawrz0GKWu4p5CPv2Q_5_4">921,405</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_Em4_7xz-Hkeg7X01biaysg_5_6">3,744,607</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for prepayment for land use right</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:PrepaidLandUseRight" scale="0" id="Tc_603jGClF40e7jpkdeiDFPg_6_2">26,550,000</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Modification to right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_ZhNtTos9uU6o3t0FisLKww_7_2">11,469,923</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_7ag4dSQ8E0Whwfgba0r7tg_7_6">5,217,099</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr></table></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The weighted average remaining lease term as of December 31, 2023 was <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" id="Narr_TV0_WRWudUO1uBjuKhQuhw">1.1</ix:nonNumeric> years, and the weighted average discount rate of the operating leases was <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="4" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" scale="-2" id="Narr_pKVB7V-vw0aW0nAljpO2RQ">3.92</ix:nonFraction>%.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Maturities of lease liabilities under the Group&#8217;s non-cancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:</p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" id="Tb_od1N6_kS2U6R5FRpORLGIA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Within 1 year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" scale="0" id="Tc_HpKmxDaYeEiGDMhj3dk1mw_3_2">5,176,941</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">After 1 year but within 2 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" scale="0" id="Tc_LWPYUBOV8k2fS9Ha--BOMQ_4_2">284,407</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total undiscounted lease payment</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" scale="0" id="Tc_H7f3IGXWZ0a1aaR6cwZG4w_5_2">5,461,348</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">less: Imputed interest</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" scale="0" id="Tc_TtA3g2DQBUelodV5ZODusw_6_2">86,861</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Present value of lease liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" scale="0" id="Tc_PrSQ_zamn0eO0mY9WWgprA_7_2">5,374,487</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the Group has no significant lease contract that has been entered into but not yet commenced.</p></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_IMzfLe3jx0-4y2Z6rYrKqA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">21. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.32;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The Group did not have any significant capital or other commitments or guarantees or contingencies as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.</p></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><a id="Note_End"></a><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="us-gaap:CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock" id="Tb_jYWIRfKgY0Gv_TcmqmBi6A" continuedAt="Tb_jYWIRfKgY0Gv_TcmqmBi6A_cont1" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">22. PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For the presentation of the parent company only condensed financial information, the Company records its investment in subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries, under the equity method of accounting as prescribed in ASC 323, <i style="font-style:italic;">Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures</i>. Such investments are presented on the condensed balance sheets as &#8220;Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries&#8221; and the subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries&#8217; income as &#8220;Share of income (loss) from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries&#8221; on the condensed statements of results of operations. The parent company only condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were no material contingencies, significant provisions of long-term obligations, mandatory dividend or redemption requirements of redeemable stocks or guarantees of Niu Technologies, except for those, which have been separately disclosed in the consolidated financial statements.</p></ix:nonNumeric></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-38</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="Tc_mxR98LhUJ0CpBesoWw0WTg_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_9ynIICdYVUaAanj5AOXxGQ_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_82kdlDYcsEGhRvfyoN1J4Q_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_MzH0Hk8Sa0ePKPAY3CE0Uw_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_QUYYTvhynk2W4GkVpFRMfQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_LzaWK3l6JUCs10FIecKUUQ_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_jHIGT60PgUODeIrHGvv3QA_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_E75SOcHQ1kqE4VikDpXMTA_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_4PAKTewN9kytcHa89g7mRQ_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_O6Q_L-soKkyQyQITo1tEYQ_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_o8dA0GtAxkyVuQm2pn0geA_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_ChCXzELfc0WNnM3N9R9ZeA_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_BzJKr7PP0kGze5J5sqbuUA_13_0"></a><a id="Tc_RzkRVVsXNEO_9G3VHUdA8w_14_0"></a><a id="Tc_7WhTGM2tWU-q4EnrjQEugA_15_0"></a><a id="Tc_lT7sLC7XaEaWJoLT6ZQ41Q_15_4"></a><a id="Tc_04xjhesLVE-a66aIFiHDow_17_0"></a><a id="Tc_Ja1q9t1Ns0CDovPxd6C_Ug_19_0"></a><a id="Tc_2S2bISH7oE2a5xsvlFfFrw_20_0"></a><a id="Tc_EWyRNJl5rU2FPsdim8t0GA_21_0"></a><a id="Tc_kIogNyjsFkeoHC9XyCQXAA_22_0"></a><a id="Tc_u9VMZP-1x0OwZ23DVRG0sA_24_0"></a><a id="Tc_H5ll1bPR30KH89W-0JktyQ_26_0"></a><a id="Tc_mlRDkEZCF06ThE7MtCK3hg_27_0"></a><a id="Tc_4HKavl1f3US3-648fke63w_28_0"></a><a id="Tc_X6BOZMXu7Uy5BsQZAcGOVw_29_0"></a><a id="Tc_9CwUuUH9pUau1VAnUPIh8g_30_0"></a><a id="Tc_2d-Hx_Aew0eyQc5lNG3SVw_31_0"></a><a id="Tc_Cv-zfnK2sUiMy22ykSg1ug_33_0"></a><a id="Tc_BYjoA-umUkuHyZ06ADvo1A_35_0"></a><a id="Tc_w9HBQ8d9NUidNT8m_UvLiw_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_mMGkhcD_SE6fAI4ayY675A_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_reM8mk29SEi8tKFnzdpDyA_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_NcSZaDOCOkeqL85LlAMdYA_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_g-WP0fEqIEKco_m_7zWIpw_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_F1oco0eLaEe2IYMMh59Mig_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_TDzQrSCgW0uUU31WcB0fMA_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_KJ9KKUbjo0y-vYzqDIt6xw_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_4bmeHWlBvEqqgTfC70hDkw_5_0"></a><a id="Tc_P7d_k45JZUiuPokLHxLywg_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_-_ErhMt1m0aMt1nqZ9fLbw_8_0"></a><a id="Tc_qeBBUA76tku5LPxmUSLQUA_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_NpRqmGupJUmSuwf5GRzDrg_9_2"></a><a id="Tc_byTM_IOIM02z9Bdc80tLTg_9_4"></a><a id="Tc_oJYfbg3OOkOxok30cj71wQ_9_6"></a><a id="Tc_ge6b8JirkEmvmMSGhENbJQ_11_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_jYWIRfKgY0Gv_TcmqmBi6A_cont1" continuedAt="Tb_jYWIRfKgY0Gv_TcmqmBi6A_cont2"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:21.6pt;padding:0pt;">(a)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Condensed Balance Sheets</span></td></tr></table><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" id="Tb_7yYz3e6b5EuXLFW2zDmdjg" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" id="Tc_YoKc1Rlw1kaHDsINwO8Z6w_6_2">12,375,894</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" id="Tc_1HtZL2_yy0C9d1_xx5FY7w_6_4">233,958,655</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_iOJXwfRoEEWOY8D7hurnFg_7_2">208,589,770</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:TermDepositsWithBanks" scale="0" id="Tc_U-SxssmVT0iehhB17uugcg_7_4">77,555,565</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_TykOeEaMfEmtor1fVzbCpw_8_2">176,204,380</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_5J4kicWWRUOsGxRiHytAjw_8_4">107,521,733</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_TWjnqA2JeUu5C8WUx6RDSw_9_2">12,486,238</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_nEOTVHW0tkSMxSpndvfe6Q_9_4">12,035,145</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_4EKDIK4-7E-7pMcC6i9RDw_11_2">409,656,282</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_hn0MUYVUT0-ht8Viq9Vm4Q_11_4">431,071,098</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries" scale="0" id="Tc_qh74X9dh9Emf79U__ldYWQ_14_2">906,298,879</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries" scale="0" id="Tc_uSf7XYfVsUS1dV_IDMaFgA_14_4">671,329,320</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other non-current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_y_BQpKXRy0iptMfgdDgQIA_15_2">1,219</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="0" id="Tc_wMwYe_W65kiYqgl8Hxtu5Q_17_2">1,315,956,380</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="0" id="Tc_vSH00ZaUV0iY_F1sUykquw_17_4">1,102,400,418</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Amount due to subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_3SfJyWg_MUi3ISEqWuK5BA_21_2">4,262,270</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_v9TWIovWdkejGzjFkOD2zA_21_4">4,564,315</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_M5K4FZPcEkOFcKSH4OcMww_22_2">1,596,233</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" id="Tc_DijIJeYRRkOOjXiRd8V7hg_22_4">4,219,869</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current liabilities and total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Liabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_6lZRDEoTp0GZT_wN19_fjw_24_2">5,858,503</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:Liabilities" scale="0" id="Tc_myHrf_H72EOq4Nc8w7NDoA_24_4">8,784,184</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Shareholders&#8217; equity:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Class A ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_faZsmGtixkCGyg80a3U5wA" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="0" id="Tc_MJZiMEzOskKjMu5X-hetWQ_27_2">89,428</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_gxD3sTM5XUayIHt3asa3xg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="0" id="Tc_WrgvvcVZxkyQH7W4gVTJfw_27_4">90,031</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Class B ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_pkHkAXPpWUeCYaK-uHRZow" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="0" id="Tc_9j14xk1kMkGvbEhybhzc8g_28_2">10,316</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_iy3sN5cnc0aXy6sCNqD_ng" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" scale="0" id="Tc_pAGVRB6VmkGvgEcDJcxYAw_28_4">10,316</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Additional paid-in capital</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital" scale="0" id="Tc_bjlf9NZOVUqgycYAk_xMUw_29_2">1,915,825,641</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital" scale="0" id="Tc_TTTCk4brMkWCgO6wfrSe4g_29_4">1,964,138,365</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_9f66iUN5F0eDKxt6NWs2ow_30_2">16,536,686</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_oIO-5OlUKUW50mHLr2Glkg_30_4">9,495,674</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accumulated deficit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_wntOFTF800SURFPjDSqGsw_31_2">589,290,822</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_mKnb7Y3wk0a1kap7pySM7Q_31_4">861,126,804</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_UX4g7SSoxEWGa3euC8g6Mw_33_2">1,310,097,877</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_KFgOapFEiUq9J4kej4Zp1w_33_4">1,093,616,234</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities and shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_JIyyOTFkoU-QXbfAYgUB_g_35_2">1,315,956,380</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" scale="0" id="Tc_14QBu4QicUmsVMMAZPoWqQ_35_4">1,102,400,418</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:21.6pt;padding:0pt;">(b)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Condensed Statements of Results of Operations</span></td></tr></table><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock" id="Tb_ukCafxveN0iTS6PN2P9nDA" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total operating expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingExpenses" scale="0" id="Tc_adV2FAQ-zEChYW_S1FbpjQ_4_2">11,441,931</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingExpenses" scale="0" id="Tc_v1AZElZxAUqlHS2OP899Ug_4_4">15,414,575</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingExpenses" scale="0" id="Tc_mejgetXKUkurHE542QA78A_4_6">17,739,201</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share of income (loss) from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax" scale="0" id="Tc_iRQHiZ2tdkK2seTeTZvc8A_5_2">235,264,719</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Ck-ybtcpvUaAssKLWHHqdA_5_4">39,264,560</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_y-YhUSRq4UO7_g5WcNdb_A_5_6">270,498,551</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Interest income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest" scale="0" id="Tc_ZcFc43XPFECaWdX392xA6g_6_2">1,997,621</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest" scale="0" id="Tc_Q2Nqxeirl0m7op7Hxl_NZA_6_4">5,216,206</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest" scale="0" id="Tc_HLPaUDROj0eBZ43SwGLN5g_6_6">16,401,770</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Income (loss) before income taxes</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" id="Tc_LyT7B-vG70yme4WiyxE9Uw_8_2">225,820,409</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_TC88Ya6pqk2qMllAc_eCog_8_4">49,462,929</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_QVdA7m3zZUemJI6zO1UcMg_8_6">271,835,982</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Income tax expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net income (loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" scale="0" id="Tc_hkUP_uGFc0Ck7qdlVp0xaA_11_2">225,820,409</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_0ZUzyuvkP0ONsMiMZ4f7Yg_11_4">49,462,929</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_W2AUnF3NOkCdOLk6Dr-Rhg_11_6">271,835,982</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td></tr></table></ix:nonNumeric><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:continuation></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-39</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border:0;margin:30pt 5.88% 30pt 5.88%;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><a href="#TOC"><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Table of Contents</span></a></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><a id="refCashflow"></a><a id="Tc_t4RWuAR5tESmYKt-W-Jd1w_1_2"></a><a id="Tc_81bDSx2CKkSFDdOXTsxIIA_2_2"></a><a id="Tc_rN-cseAGVEG35aQ3A8scTQ_2_4"></a><a id="Tc_wAcFcZvCakGu-XJd6561cg_2_6"></a><a id="Tc_YpD2FOc9DUSIpxmJXmpcyA_3_2"></a><a id="Tc_VXTZiLgKlUKl7wDsDpgZyQ_3_4"></a><a id="Tc_rPWIfw22W0a6K26a09xoow_3_6"></a><a id="Tc_dvcWF1uPGkuQYy2pf5KE8A_4_0"></a><a id="Tc_qjOqNDcDDUu-dxHZYzWL6Q_5_0"></a><a id="Tc__GAE9exCDkusRhBLigRhZQ_6_0"></a><a id="Tc_t47bSbu1QkWac0DGjAI-nw_7_0"></a><a id="Tc_zohHHl0KrkGJ7fv0lHE1oQ_9_0"></a><a id="Tc_uf0GCNrtzkaA650A61--IQ_11_0"></a><a id="Tc_G6I-XEaa9EyZdYjkdP09Qw_13_0"></a><ix:continuation id="Tb_jYWIRfKgY0Gv_TcmqmBi6A_cont2"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:21.6pt;padding:0pt;">(c)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Condensed Statements of </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Cash Flows</span></td></tr></table><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw" name="srt:ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock" id="Tb_gCzf4EIBsEiF3SLWp_Jjog" escape="true"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_bfcApfTQ9Emhd5pZiNFjRg_4_2">25,839,822</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_e6pRepD-30ar6HAhBNZ2EQ_4_4">23,565,305</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_JkRAA5Ssy02uG-Y3fqrkug_4_6">14,392,402</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_Gj7xVlISNkaow3kTR3zVSQ_5_2">16,132,750</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_7h7ROjhNEkCih2KVR4KH5w_5_4">95,940,040</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_VvZ_NXk6mUK3S5Al5Wn6jA_5_6">133,818,900</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by financing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_izTNhvWp8UqocWPZ_xfjQQ_6_2">6,246,384</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_UCGLoWJbBECcjzzkDXcFyg_6_4">2,203,086</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" scale="0" id="Tc_VM7kxAHCNUqhWAy8Pws8Ng_6_6">654,023</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_Val6RX4ooUmm_EApkGSrzg_7_2">6,107,381</ix:nonFraction>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" scale="0" id="Tc_EAjhF6fjAEawqvKqaa395A_7_4">21,972,182</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" scale="0" id="Tc_fw4qY76IaEa3uqwAzkLNFA_7_6">4,034,789</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="0" id="Tc_wMFPpA26c0qpWHjILBeFtg_9_2">42,111,575</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (<ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" sign="-" scale="0" id="Tc_bVE48buOeEWQ9IVAVLOViw_9_4">95,330,077</ix:nonFraction>)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="0" id="Tc_vQuP9d0UZE2AfkLZz-PIWA_9_6">152,900,114</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_Zz-BnbdK3EevMi7iPKDSRw" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_UVk2FO3HNE-9vD4MwMKAXg_11_2">241,798,776</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_6ZY9-3rVGk-ZoXZSuCuH7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_3jaxbhTGMEq-bWF84dbClg_11_4">283,910,351</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_25UKDv2RH0euhpTo2ujadg_11_6">188,580,274</ix:nonFraction></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_6ZY9-3rVGk-ZoXZSuCuH7g" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_O94wEZHcEUqCq8y4phzi4Q_13_2">283,910,351</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_oEzyyi3pjEajcgQYsygMyQ_13_4">188,580,274</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> <ix:nonFraction unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg" contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" id="Tc_euPKqmqtbk2KVAFUYzjmwQ_13_6">341,480,388</ix:nonFraction></b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;">F-40</p></div></div>
<div style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;height:2pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border:0;"></div></body></html>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-8.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>niu-20231231xex8d1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 8.1
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 09:00:12 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit&#160;8.1</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">List of Principal Subsidiaries, the Variable Interest Entity and the Subsidiaries of the Variable Interest Entity</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;" align="center"><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Place of Incorporation</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Niu Technologies Group Limited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Hong Kong</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Beijing Niudian Information Technology Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">PRC</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;" align="center"><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Variable Interest Entity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Place of Incorporation</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.17%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Beijing Niudian Technology Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.82%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">PRC</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;" align="center"><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Subsidiaries of the Variable Interest Entity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Place of Incorporation</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Jiangsu Xiaoniu Diandong Technology Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">PRC</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Shanghai Xiaoniu Internet Technology Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">PRC</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Changzhou Niudian International Trading Technology Co., Ltd.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">PRC</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-12.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>niu-20231231xex12d1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 12.1
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 09:00:10 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit&#160;12.1</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Certification by the Principal Executive Officer</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Pursuant to Section&#160;302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">I, Yan Li, certify that:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">1.</font></font>I have reviewed this annual report on Form&#160;20-F of Niu Technologies;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">2.</font></font>Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">3.</font></font>Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">4.</font></font>The company&#8217;s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules&#160;13a-15(e)&#160;and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules&#160;13a-15(f)&#160;and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(a)</font></font>Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(b)</font></font>Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(c)</font></font>Evaluated the effectiveness of the company&#8217;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;&#160;and</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(d)</font></font>Disclosed in this report any change in the company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting;&#160;and</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">5.</font></font>The company&#8217;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company&#8217;s auditors and the audit committee of the company&#8217;s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(a)</font></font>All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company&#8217;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;&#160;and</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(b)</font></font>Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;" align="center"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Date:</p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">April 24, 2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">By:</p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ Yan Li</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.84%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Name:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:34.15%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yan Li</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Title:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:34.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Chairman of the Board of Directors</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:34.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">and Chief Executive Officer</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-12.2
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>niu-20231231xex12d2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 12.2
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 09:00:10 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit&#160;12.2</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Certification by the Principal Financial Officer</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Pursuant to Section&#160;302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">I, Fion Wenjuan Zhou, certify that:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">1.</font></font>I have reviewed this annual report on Form&#160;20-F of Niu Technologies;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">2.</font></font>Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">3.</font></font>Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">4.</font></font>The company&#8217;s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules&#160;13a-15(e)&#160;and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules&#160;13a-15(f)&#160;and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(a)</font></font>Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(b)</font></font>Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(c)</font></font>Evaluated the effectiveness of the company&#8217;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;&#160;and</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(d)</font></font>Disclosed in this report any change in the company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting;&#160;and</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">6.</font></font>The company&#8217;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company&#8217;s auditors and the audit committee of the company&#8217;s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(a)</font></font>All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company&#8217;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;&#160;and</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(b)</font></font>Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting.</p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;" align="center"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Date:</p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">April 24, 2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">By:</p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ Fion Wenjuan Zhou</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.84%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Name:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:34.15%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Fion Wenjuan Zhou</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Title:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:34.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Director and Chief Financial Officer</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-13.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>niu-20231231xex13d1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 13.1
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 09:00:11 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit&#160;13.1</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Certification by the Principal Executive Officer</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Pursuant to Section&#160;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In connection with the Annual Report of Niu Technologies (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) on Form&#160;20-F for the year ended December&#160;31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the &#8220;Report&#8221;),&#160;I, Yan Li, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18&#160;U.S.C. Section&#160;1350, as adopted pursuant to Section&#160;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(1)</font></font>The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section&#160;13(a)&#160;or 15(d)&#160;of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;&#160;and</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(2)</font></font>The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div style="margin-left:0pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;" align="center"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Date:</p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">April 24, 2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">By:</p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ Yan Li</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.84%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Name:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:34.15%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yan Li</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Title:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:34.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Chairman of the Board of Directors</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:34.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">and Chief Executive Officer</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-13.2
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>niu-20231231xex13d2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 13.2
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 09:00:32 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit&#160;13.2</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Certification by the Principal Financial Officer</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Pursuant to Section&#160;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In connection with the Annual Report of Niu Technologies (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) on Form&#160;20-F for the year ended December&#160;31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the &#8220;Report&#8221;),&#160;I, Fion Wenjuan Zhou, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18&#160;U.S.C. Section&#160;1350, as adopted pursuant to Section&#160;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(1)</font></font>The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section&#160;13(a)&#160;or 15(d)&#160;of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;&#160;and</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;width:36pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">(2)</font></font>The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div style="margin-left:0pt;"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;" align="center"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a name="_Hlk164283556"></a>Date:</p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">April 24, 2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">By:</p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ Fion Wenjuan Zhou</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.84%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Name:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:34.15%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Fion Wenjuan Zhou</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Title:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:34.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Director and Chief Financial Officer</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-15.1
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>niu-20231231xex15d1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 15.1
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 09:00:34 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit&#160;15.1</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;">We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statement (No. 333-229190) on Form S-8 of our reports dated April 24, 2024, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Niu Technologies and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;" align="center"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ KPMG Huazhen LLP</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Beijing, China</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">April 24, 2024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-15.2
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>niu-20231231xex15d2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 15.2
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 09:00:35 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit&#160;15.2</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Date: April 24, 2024</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Niu Technologies</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">No.1 Building, No.&#160;195 Huilongguan East Road,</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Changping District, Beijing 102208</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">People&#8217;s Republic of China</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Dear Sir/Madam:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">We hereby consent to the use of our name and the summary of our opinion under the headings, &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure&#8221; and &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;C. Organizational Structure&#8221;, included in Niu Technologies&#8217; Annual Report on Form&#160;20-F for the year ended December&#160;31, 2023 (&#8220;Annual Report&#8221;), which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;) in the month of April&#160;2023, and further consent to the incorporation by reference into the Registration Statement (Form&#160;S-8 No.&#160;333-229190) pertaining to Niu Technologies&#8217; Amended and Restated 2016 Global Share Incentive Plan and 2018 Share Incentive Plan. We also consent to the filing of this consent letter with the SEC as an exhibit to the Annual Report.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section&#160;7 of the Securities Act of 1933, or under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in each case, as amended, or the regulations promulgated thereunder.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Yours Sincerely,</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;" align="center"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ DaHui Lawyers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">DaHui Lawyers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-97
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>niu-20231231xex97.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 97
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.125.0--><!--Created on: 4/24/2024 09:00:35 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 97</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">NIU TECHNOLOGIES</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">CLAWBACK POLICY</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">The Compensation Committee (the &#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Committee</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;) of the Board of Directors (the &#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Board</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;) of Niu Technologies (the &#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Company</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;) believes that it is appropriate for the Company to adopt this Clawback Policy (the &#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Policy</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;) to be applied to the Executive Officers of the Company and adopts this Policy to be effective as of the Effective Date.</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">1.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">Definitions</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">For purposes of this Policy, the following definitions shall apply:</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">a)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Company Group</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means the Company and each of its subsidiaries or consolidated affiliated entities, as applicable.</font></p></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">b)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Covered Compensation</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means any Incentive-Based Compensation granted, vested or paid to a person who served as an Executive Officer at any time during the performance period for the Incentive-Based Compensation and that was Received (i) on or after October 2, 2023 (the effective date of the Nasdaq listing standards), (ii) after the person became an Executive Officer, and (iii) at a time that the Company had a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange or a national securities association such as Nasdaq.</font></p></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">c)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Effective Date</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means December 1, 2023.</font></p></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">d)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Erroneously Awarded Compensation</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means the amount of Covered Compensation granted, vested or paid to a person during the fiscal period when the applicable Financial Reporting Measure relating to such Covered Compensation was attained that exceeds the amount of Covered Compensation that otherwise would have been granted, vested or paid to the person had such amount been determined based on the applicable Restatement, computed without regard to any taxes paid (i.e., on a pre-tax basis). For Covered Compensation based on stock price or total shareholder return, where the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in a Restatement, the Committee will determine the amount of such Covered Compensation that constitutes Erroneously Awarded Compensation, if any, based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the Restatement on the stock price or total shareholder return upon which the Covered Compensation was granted, vested or paid and the Committee shall maintain documentation of such determination and provide such documentation to Nasdaq.</font></p></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">e)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Exchange Act</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934.</font></p></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">f)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Executive Officer</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means the Company&#8217;s president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer (or if there is no such accounting officer, the controller), any vice-president of the Company in charge of a principal business unit, division, or function (such as sales, administration, or finance), any other officer who performs a policy-making function, or any other person (whether or not an officer or employee of the Company) who performs</font></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">1</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 54pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">similar policy-making functions for the Company. &#8220;Policy-making function&#8221; does not include policy-making functions that are not significant. Both current and former Executive Officers are subject to the Policy in accordance with its terms.</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">g)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Financial Reporting Measure</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means (i) any measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company&#8217;s financial statements, and any measures derived wholly or in part from such measures and may consist of IFRS/U.S. GAAP or non-IFRS/non-U.S. GAAP financial measures (as defined under Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act), (ii) stock price or (iii) total shareholder return. Financial Reporting Measures need not be presented within the Company&#8217;s financial statements or included in a filing with the SEC.</font></p></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">h)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Home Country</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means the Company&#8217;s jurisdiction of incorporation, i.e., the Cayman Islands.</font></p></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">i)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Incentive-Based Compensation</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means any compensation that is granted, earned or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure.</font></p></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">j)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Lookback Period</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means the three completed fiscal years (plus any transition period of less than nine months that is within or immediately following the three completed fiscal years and that results from a change in the Company&#8217;s fiscal year) immediately preceding the date on which the Company is required to prepare a Restatement for a given reporting period, with such date being the earlier of: (i) the date the Board, a committee of the Board, or the officer or officers of the Company authorized to take such action if Board action is not required, concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare a Restatement, or (ii) the date a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare a Restatement. Recovery of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation under the Policy is not dependent on whether or when the Restatement is actually filed.</font></p></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">k)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Nasdaq</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means the Nasdaq Stock Market.</font></p></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">l)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Received</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;: Incentive-Based Compensation is deemed &#8220;Received&#8221; in the Company&#8217;s fiscal period during which the Financial Reporting Measure specified in or otherwise relating to the Incentive-Based Compensation award is attained, even if the grant, vesting or payment of the Incentive-Based Compensation occurs after the end of that period.</font></p></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">m)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Restatement</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means a required accounting restatement of any Company financial statement due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, including (i) to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements (commonly referred to as a &#8220;Big R&#8221; restatement) or (ii) to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is not material to the previously issued financial statements but that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period (commonly referred to as a &#8220;little r&#8221; restatement). Changes to the Company&#8217;s financial statements that do not represent error corrections under the then current relevant accounting standards will not constitute Restatements. Recovery of any</font></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">2</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 54pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">Erroneously Awarded Compensation under the Policy is not dependent on fraud or misconduct by any person in connection with the Restatement.</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:36pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">n)</font></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">SEC</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.</font></p></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">2.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">In the event of a Restatement, any Erroneously Awarded Compensation Received during the Lookback Period prior to the Restatement (a) that is then-outstanding but has not yet been paid shall be automatically and immediately forfeited and (b) that has been paid to any person shall be subject to reasonably prompt repayment to the Company Group in accordance with Section 3 of this Policy. The Committee must pursue (and shall not have the discretion to waive) the forfeiture and/or repayment of such Erroneously Awarded Compensation in accordance with Section 3 of this Policy, except as provided below.</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee (or, if the Committee is not a committee of the Board responsible for the Company&#8217;s executive compensation decisions and composed entirely of independent directors, a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board) may determine not to pursue the forfeiture and/or recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation from any person if the Committee determines that such forfeiture and/or recovery would be impracticable due to any of the following circumstances: (i) the direct expense paid to a third party (for example, reasonable legal expenses and consulting fees) to assist in enforcing the Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered, including the costs that could be incurred if pursuing such recovery would violate local laws other than the Company&#8217;s Home Country laws (following reasonable attempts by the Company Group to recover such Erroneously Awarded Compensation, the documentation of such attempts, and the provision of such documentation to Nasdaq), (ii) pursuing such recovery would violate the Company&#8217;s Home Country laws adopted prior to November 28, 2022 (provided that the Company obtains an opinion of Home Country counsel acceptable to Nasdaq that recovery would result in such a violation and provides such opinion to Nasdaq), or (iii) recovery would likely cause any otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company Group, to fail to meet the requirements of 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(13) or 26 U.S.C. 411(a) and regulations thereunder.</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">3.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">Means of Repayment</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">In the event that the Committee determines that any person shall repay any Erroneously Awarded Compensation, the Committee shall provide written notice to such person by email or certified mail to the physical address on file with the Company Group for such person, and the person shall satisfy such repayment in a manner and on such terms as required by the Committee, and the Company Group shall be entitled to set off the repayment amount against any amount owed to the person by the Company Group, to require the forfeiture of any award granted by the Company Group to the person, or to take any and all necessary actions to reasonably promptly recover the repayment amount from the person, in each case, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, including without limitation, Section 409A of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code and the regulations and guidance thereunder. If the Committee does not specify a repayment timing in the written notice described above, the applicable person shall be required to repay the Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the Company Group by wire, cash, cashier&#8217;s check or other means as agreed by the Committee no later than thirty (30) days after receipt of such notice.</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">3</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">4.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">No Indemnification</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">No person shall be indemnified, insured or reimbursed by the Company Group in respect of any loss of compensation by such person in accordance with this Policy, nor shall any person receive any advancement of expenses for disputes related to any loss of compensation by such person in accordance with this Policy, and no person shall be paid or reimbursed by the Company Group for any premiums paid by such person for any third-party insurance policy covering potential recovery obligations under this Policy. For this purpose, &#8220;indemnification&#8221; includes any modification to current compensation arrangements or other means that would amount to </font><i style="font-size:12pt;font-style:italic;">de facto </i><font style="font-size:12pt;">indemnification (for example, providing the person a new cash award which would be cancelled to effect the recovery of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation). In no event shall the Company Group be required to award any person an additional payment if any Restatement would result in a higher incentive compensation payment.</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">5.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">Miscellaneous</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">This Policy generally will be administered and interpreted by the Committee, provided that the Board may, from time to time, exercise discretion to administer and interpret this Policy, in which case, all references herein to &#8220;Committee&#8221; shall be deemed to refer to the Board. Any determination by the Committee with respect to this Policy shall be final, conclusive and binding on all interested parties. Any discretionary determinations of the Committee under this Policy, if any, need not be uniform with respect to all persons, and may be made selectively amongst persons, whether or not such persons are similarly situated.</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">This Policy is intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as it may be amended from time to time, and any related rules or regulations promulgated by the SEC or the Nasdaq, including any additional or new requirements that become effective after the Effective Date which upon effectiveness shall be deemed to automatically amend this Policy to the extent necessary to comply with such additional or new requirements.</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">The provisions in this Policy are intended to be applied to the fullest extent of the law. To the extent that any provision of this Policy is found to be unenforceable or invalid under any applicable law, such provision will be applied to the maximum extent permitted and shall automatically be deemed amended in a manner consistent with its objectives to the extent necessary to conform to applicable law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Policy shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Policy. Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation under this Policy is not dependent upon the Company Group satisfying any conditions in this Policy, including any requirements to provide applicable documentation to the Nasdaq.</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">The rights of the Company Group under this Policy to seek forfeiture or reimbursement are in addition to, and not in lieu of, any rights of recovery, or remedies or rights other than recovery, that may be available to the Company Group pursuant to the terms of any law, government regulation or stock exchange listing requirement or any other policy, code of conduct, employee handbook, employment agreement, equity award agreement, or other plan or agreement of the Company Group.</font></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">6.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">Amendment and Termination</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">To the extent permitted by, and in a manner consistent with applicable law, including SEC and Nasdaq rules, the Committee may terminate, suspend or amend this Policy at any time in its discretion.</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">4</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:18pt;padding:0pt;"></td><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">7.</b></p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">Successors</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all persons and their respective beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives with respect to any Covered Compensation granted, vested or paid to or administered by such persons or entities.</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 11.6pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="display:none;line-height:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 8pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:0pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">5</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 11.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">NIU TECHNOLOGIES</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 11.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">CLAWBACK POLICY</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 11.1pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">ACKNOWLEDGMENT, CONSENT AND AGREEMENT</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">I acknowledge that I have received and reviewed a copy of the Niu Technologies Clawback Policy (as may be amended from time to time, the &#8220;</font><u style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">Policy</u><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;) and I have been given an opportunity to ask questions about the Policy and review it with my counsel. I knowingly, voluntarily and irrevocably consent to and agree to be bound by and subject to the Policy&#8217;s terms and conditions, including that I will return any Erroneously Awarded Compensation that is required to be repaid in accordance with the Policy. I further acknowledge, understand and agree that (i) the compensation that I receive, have received or may become entitled to receive from the Company Group is subject to the Policy, and the Policy may affect such compensation and (ii) I have no right to indemnification, insurance payments or other reimbursement by or from the Company Group for any compensation that is subject to recovery and / or forfeiture under the Policy. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings set forth in the Policy.</font></p><div align="left"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;table-layout:auto;width:100.01%;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">Signed:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.01%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.65%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.01%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">Print Name:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.01%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.65%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.01%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">Date:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.01%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.65%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:40.01%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:41.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>niu-20231231.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--XBRL document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.2.5 -->
<!--Based on XBRL 2.1-->
<!--Created on: 4/24/2024 9:00:49 AM-->
<!--Modified on: 4/24/2024 9:00:49 AM-->
<xsd:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.niu.com/20231231" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:ref="http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xl="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/XLink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022" xmlns:currency="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022" xmlns:us-types="http://fasb.org/us-types/2022" xmlns:us-roles="http://fasb.org/us-roles/2022" xmlns:negated="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negated" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2022" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" xmlns:niu="http://www.niu.com/20231231" xmlns:enum2="http://xbrl.org/2020/extensible-enumerations-2.0" xmlns:sic="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2022" xmlns:srt-roles="http://fasb.org/srt-roles/2022" xmlns:stpr="http://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2022" xmlns:utr="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/utr" xmlns:exch="http://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2022" xmlns:naics="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2022" xmlns:attributeFormDefault="unqualified" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2022" xmlns:deprecated="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/deprecated" xmlns:net="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/net" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022" xmlns:dtr="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/dtr" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi">
  <xsd:annotation>
    <xsd:appinfo>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureStandardAndCustomAxisDomainDefaults" id="DisclosureStandardAndCustomAxisDomainDefaults">
        <link:definition>99900 - Disclosure - Standard And Custom Axis Domain Defaults</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" id="StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
        <link:definition>00100 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss" id="StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss">
        <link:definition>00200 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" id="StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows">
        <link:definition>00400 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails">
        <link:definition>40204 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Restricted cash (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails" id="DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails">
        <link:definition>40301 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails" id="DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails">
        <link:definition>40401 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Summary (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails" id="DisclosureInventoriesDetails">
        <link:definition>40501 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails" id="DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails">
        <link:definition>40601 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails" id="DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails">
        <link:definition>40701 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Summary (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails" id="DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails">
        <link:definition>40801 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Summary (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails" id="DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails">
        <link:definition>40901 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails" id="DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails">
        <link:definition>41201 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Summary (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails" id="DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>41301 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails" id="DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails">
        <link:definition>41702 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Components of income (loss) before income taxes and withholding tax on undistributed dividends (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails" id="DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails">
        <link:definition>41703 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Reconciliation of differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails" id="DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>41704 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails" id="DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails">
        <link:definition>41705 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Operating loss carry forwards (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails" id="DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails">
        <link:definition>41801 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computation (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails" id="DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails">
        <link:definition>42002 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Supplemental information related to operating leases (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails" id="DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>42003 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetailsCalc2" id="DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetailsCalc2">
        <link:definition>42099 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details) (Calc2)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" id="DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation">
        <link:definition>00090 - Document - Document and Entity Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" id="StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical">
        <link:definition>00105 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity" id="StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity">
        <link:definition>00300 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables">
        <link:definition>30203 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables" id="DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables">
        <link:definition>31503 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails" id="DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>40102 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Group's VIE information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails">
        <link:definition>40202 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Cash and cash equivalents (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails">
        <link:definition>40203 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Term Deposits (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails">
        <link:definition>40205 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Short-term investments (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails">
        <link:definition>40206 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Property, plant and equipment, net (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesLeasesImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesLeasesImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsDetails">
        <link:definition>40207 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Leases, Impairment of Long-lived Assets (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails">
        <link:definition>40208 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Value added taxes, Revenue recognition (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDefaultDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDefaultDetails">
        <link:definition>40208 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Value added taxes, Revenue recognition Default (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesContractBalancesDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesContractBalancesDetails">
        <link:definition>40209 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Contract Balances (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails">
        <link:definition>40211 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Concentration and risk (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails" id="DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails">
        <link:definition>40702 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Depreciation expense (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails" id="DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails">
        <link:definition>40802 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Amortization expense on intangible assets (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails" id="DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails">
        <link:definition>41001 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails" id="DisclosureNotesPayableDetails">
        <link:definition>41101 - Disclosure - NOTES PAYABLE (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails" id="DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails">
        <link:definition>41202 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Warranty terms (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMovementOfProvisionDetails" id="DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMovementOfProvisionDetails">
        <link:definition>41203 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Movement of provision (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails" id="DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails">
        <link:definition>41401 - Disclosure - ORDINARY SHARE (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails" id="DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>41501 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails" id="DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>41502 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Share option activities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails" id="DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>41503 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Restricted share units activities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails" id="DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails">
        <link:definition>41504 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Compensation costs (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails" id="DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>41601 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT - Fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails" id="DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails">
        <link:definition>41701 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Summary (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails" id="DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails">
        <link:definition>41802 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Antidilutive securities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails" id="DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails">
        <link:definition>41901 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION - Disaggregation of revenue (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails" id="DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails">
        <link:definition>41902 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION - Revenues based on geographic areas (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails" id="DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails">
        <link:definition>42201 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Balance Sheets (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails" id="DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails">
        <link:definition>42202 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Statements of Results of Operations (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails" id="DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails">
        <link:definition>42203 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed statements of cash flows (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeParenthetical" id="StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeParenthetical">
        <link:definition>00205 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquityParenthetical" id="StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquityParenthetical">
        <link:definition>00305 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivities" id="DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivities">
        <link:definition>10101 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies">
        <link:definition>10201 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestments" id="DisclosureShortTermInvestments">
        <link:definition>10301 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNet" id="DisclosureAccountsReceivableNet">
        <link:definition>10401 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventories" id="DisclosureInventories">
        <link:definition>10501 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssets" id="DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssets">
        <link:definition>10601 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" id="DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
        <link:definition>10701 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNet" id="DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNet">
        <link:definition>10801 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssets" id="DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssets">
        <link:definition>10901 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowings" id="DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowings">
        <link:definition>11001 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayable" id="DisclosureNotesPayable">
        <link:definition>11101 - Disclosure - NOTES PAYABLE</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" id="DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities">
        <link:definition>11201 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilities" id="DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilities">
        <link:definition>11301 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShare" id="DisclosureOrdinaryShare">
        <link:definition>11401 - Disclosure - ORDINARY SHARE</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensation" id="DisclosureShareBasedCompensation">
        <link:definition>11501 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurement" id="DisclosureFairValueMeasurement">
        <link:definition>11601 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTax" id="DisclosureIncomeTax">
        <link:definition>11701 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShare" id="DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShare">
        <link:definition>11801 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformation" id="DisclosureRevenueInformation">
        <link:definition>11901 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeases" id="DisclosureOperatingLeases">
        <link:definition>12001 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingencies" id="DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingencies">
        <link:definition>12101 - Disclosure - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformation" id="DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformation">
        <link:definition>12201 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
        <link:definition>20202 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesTables" id="DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesTables">
        <link:definition>30103 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsTables" id="DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsTables">
        <link:definition>30303 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetTables" id="DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetTables">
        <link:definition>30403 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesTables" id="DisclosureInventoriesTables">
        <link:definition>30503 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsTables" id="DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsTables">
        <link:definition>30603 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetTables" id="DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetTables">
        <link:definition>30703 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetTables" id="DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetTables">
        <link:definition>30803 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsTables" id="DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsTables">
        <link:definition>30903 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsTables" id="DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsTables">
        <link:definition>31003 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables" id="DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables">
        <link:definition>31203 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesTables" id="DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesTables">
        <link:definition>31303 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementTables" id="DisclosureFairValueMeasurementTables">
        <link:definition>31603 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxTables" id="DisclosureIncomeTaxTables">
        <link:definition>31703 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareTables" id="DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareTables">
        <link:definition>31803 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationTables" id="DisclosureRevenueInformationTables">
        <link:definition>31903 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesTables" id="DisclosureOperatingLeasesTables">
        <link:definition>32003 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationTables" id="DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationTables">
        <link:definition>32203 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesPrincipalTermsOfVieAgreementsDetails" id="DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesPrincipalTermsOfVieAgreementsDetails">
        <link:definition>40101 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Principal terms of VIE Agreements (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConvenienceTranslationDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConvenienceTranslationDetails">
        <link:definition>40201 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Convenience translation (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSellingAndMarketingExpensesGovernmentGrantsEmployeeBenefitsDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSellingAndMarketingExpensesGovernmentGrantsEmployeeBenefitsDetails">
        <link:definition>40210 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Selling and Marketing Expenses, Government Grants, Employee Benefits (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSegmentReportingDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSegmentReportingDetails">
        <link:definition>40212 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Segment Reporting (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesStatutoryReservesDetails" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesStatutoryReservesDetails">
        <link:definition>40213 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Statutory Reserves (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetMovementOfAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsDetails" id="DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetMovementOfAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsDetails">
        <link:definition>40402 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxChangesInValuationAllowanceDetails" id="DisclosureIncomeTaxChangesInValuationAllowanceDetails">
        <link:definition>41706 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Changes in valuation allowance (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxPrcTaxAdministrationAndCollectionLawDetails" id="DisclosureIncomeTaxPrcTaxAdministrationAndCollectionLawDetails">
        <link:definition>41707 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSummaryDetails" id="DisclosureOperatingLeasesSummaryDetails">
        <link:definition>42001 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Summary (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="niu-20231231_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple" />
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="niu-20231231_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple" />
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="niu-20231231_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple" />
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Calculation Links, all" />
    </xsd:appinfo>
  </xsd:annotation>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negated" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-roles/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-roles-2022.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/net" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" name="PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" name="DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" name="AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" name="AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_GovernmentGrants" name="GovernmentGrants" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers" name="IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement" name="PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" name="MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" name="MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember" name="ElectricScooterSalesMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember" name="AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_OtherCountriesMember" name="OtherCountriesMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" name="AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" nillable="true" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock" name="AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" name="ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent" name="AccruedSalesRebateCurrent" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther" name="AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember" name="LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember" name="LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember" name="LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_SmartElectricScootersMember" name="SmartElectricScootersMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" name="ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" nillable="true" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty" name="ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:lengthItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock" name="ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" name="ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" name="GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" name="GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" name="StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" name="ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" name="ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" name="MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" nillable="true" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" name="ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" nillable="true" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_CustomerAdvancesMember" name="CustomerAdvancesMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_IncomeTaxesTable" name="IncomeTaxesTable" nillable="true" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" name="IncomeTaxesLineItems" nillable="true" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense" name="DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember" name="PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment" name="MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" name="ValueAddedTaxAbstract" nillable="true" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate" name="MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent" name="DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" name="TermDepositsWithBanks" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax" name="AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital" name="CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors" name="PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors" nillable="true" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount" name="PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount" nillable="true" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears" name="MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues" name="PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues" nillable="true" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits" name="PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance" name="AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_AuthorizedShareCapital" name="AuthorizedShareCapital" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember" name="GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne" name="OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo" name="OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree" name="OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour" name="OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive" name="OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember" name="BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits" name="ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" name="DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" nillable="true" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock" name="OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock" name="TermDepositPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_PrepaidLandUseRight" name="PrepaidLandUseRight" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration" name="StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife" name="LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife" nillable="true" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards" nillable="true" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares" name="ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock" name="LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" name="ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" name="ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat" name="CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves" name="AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic" name="WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions" name="IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits" name="IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime" name="ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent" name="EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember" name="JiangsuXiaoniuMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries" name="InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent" name="AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent" name="RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" id="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock" id="niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="NotesPayableTextBlock" id="niu_NotesPayableTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts" id="niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities" id="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities" id="niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract" id="niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="PrepaidInvestmentInEquity" id="niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment" id="niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" id="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference" id="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized" id="niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="CommonClassOtherMember" id="niu_CommonClassOtherMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="ShareIncentivePlan2018Member" id="niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember" id="niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" id="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" id="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" id="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="CustomerMember" id="niu_CustomerMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="CustomerBMember" id="niu_CustomerBMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="CustomerCMember" id="niu_CustomerCMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="CustomerDMember" id="niu_CustomerDMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="InterCompanyReceivables" id="niu_InterCompanyReceivables" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="InterCompanyPayables" id="niu_InterCompanyPayables" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" id="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember" id="niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities" id="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" id="niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" id="niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember" id="niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock" id="niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="SupplierXMember" id="niu_SupplierXMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="SupplierYMember" id="niu_SupplierYMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element name="ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount" id="niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" id="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element name="ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember" id="niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
</xsd:schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.DEF
<SEQUENCE>11
<FILENAME>niu-20231231_def.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--XBRL document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.2.5 -->
<!--Based on XBRL 2.1-->
<!--Created on: 4/24/2024 9:00:49 AM-->
<!--Modified on: 4/24/2024 9:00:49 AM-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDefaultDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDefaultDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureNotesPayableDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://www.esma.europa.eu/xbrl/esef/arcrole/wider-narrower" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/arcrole/esma-arcrole-2018-11-21.xsd#wider-narrower" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureStandardAndCustomAxisDomainDefaults" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureStandardAndCustomAxisDomainDefaults" xlink:type="simple" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-roles-2022.xsd#eedm" roleURI="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/eedm/ExtensibleEnumerationLists" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#all" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-domain" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#domain-member" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#hypercube-dimension" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-default" xlink:type="simple" />
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/eedm/ExtensibleEnumerationLists" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="Extensible Enumeration Domain Members" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_1" xlink:title="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_1" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_1" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_1 To niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_1" order="1" priority="0" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_2" xlink:title="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_2" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_1" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_2" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_1 To niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_2" order="1" priority="0" />
  </definitionLink>
  <link:definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureStandardAndCustomAxisDomainDefaults" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="99900 - Disclosure - Standard And Custom Axis Domain Defaults">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_1 To us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_1" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain_1" xlink:title="dei_AddressTypeDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_1" xlink:to="dei_AddressTypeDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_1 To dei_AddressTypeDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_1" xlink:title="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_1" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_1 To srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_1 To us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_TypeOfAdoptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfAdoptionMember_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_TypeOfAdoptionMember_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_TypeOfAdoptionMember_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_1 To us-gaap_TypeOfAdoptionMember_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_1 To us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_1 To us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_1 To us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_1" xlink:title="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_1" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_1 To srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CurrencyAxis" xlink:label="srt_CurrencyAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_CurrencyAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:label="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_1" xlink:title="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_CurrencyAxis_1" xlink:to="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_CurrencyAxis_1 To currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_RangeAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember_1" xlink:title="srt_RangeMember_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis_1" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_RangeAxis_1 To srt_RangeMember_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RestatementAxis" xlink:label="srt_RestatementAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_RestatementAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RestatementDomain" xlink:label="srt_RestatementDomain_1" xlink:title="srt_RestatementDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_RestatementAxis_1" xlink:to="srt_RestatementDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_RestatementAxis_1 To srt_RestatementDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_1 To us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_1 To us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_1" xlink:title="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_1" xlink:to="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_1 To srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_1 To us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_1 To us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_1 To us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MajorCustomersAxis" xlink:label="srt_MajorCustomersAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_MajorCustomersAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" xlink:label="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_1" xlink:title="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_MajorCustomersAxis_1" xlink:to="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_MajorCustomersAxis_1 To srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_1" xlink:title="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_1" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_StatementScenarioAxis_1 To srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis" xlink:label="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionDomain" xlink:label="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionDomain_1" xlink:title="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis_1" xlink:to="srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAxis_1 To srt_CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis_1" xlink:title="dei_LegalEntityAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityDomain" xlink:label="dei_EntityDomain_1" xlink:title="dei_EntityDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="dei_LegalEntityAxis_1" xlink:to="dei_EntityDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:dei_LegalEntityAxis_1 To dei_EntityDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_1 To us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_1 To us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_1 To us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_OwnershipAxis" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_OwnershipAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_OwnershipDomain" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipDomain_1" xlink:title="srt_OwnershipDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_OwnershipAxis_1" xlink:to="srt_OwnershipDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_OwnershipAxis_1 To srt_OwnershipDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_1 To us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableByReceivableTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableByReceivableTypeAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableByReceivableTypeAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivableTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableTypeDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_ReceivableTypeDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableByReceivableTypeAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivableTypeDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableByReceivableTypeAxis_1 To us-gaap_ReceivableTypeDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:label="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:label="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_1" xlink:title="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_1" xlink:to="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_1 To srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_1 To us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_1 To us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VestingAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_VestingAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VestingDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_VestingDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_VestingAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_VestingDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_VestingAxis_1 To us-gaap_VestingDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:label="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:label="srt_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_1" xlink:title="srt_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis_1" xlink:to="srt_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis_1 To srt_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_1 To us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByLiabilityClassDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByLiabilityClassDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByLiabilityClassDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByLiabilityClassDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis_1 To us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByLiabilityClassDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_1 To us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_1" xlink:title="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_1" xlink:title="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_1" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_1 To srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_1 To us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_1 To us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_1 To us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_1 To us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember_1" order="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_1" xlink:title="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_1" />
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_1" use="optional" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:title="definition:us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_1 To us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_1" order="1" />
  </link:definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00090 - Document - Document and Entity Information" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AdrMember" xlink:label="dei_AdrMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="dei_AdrMember" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:to="dei_AddressTypeDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_BusinessContactMember" xlink:label="dei_BusinessContactMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:to="dei_BusinessContactMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="7" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="8" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="9" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="10" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_ContactPersonnelName" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelName" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="11" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_ContactPersonnelName" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="12" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="13" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="14" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="15" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="16" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="17" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="18" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="19" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="20" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="21" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="22" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="23" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="24" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="25" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="26" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="27" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="28" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="29" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="30" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="31" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="32" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="33" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="34" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AuditorName" xlink:label="dei_AuditorName" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="35" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_AuditorName" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AuditorFirmId" xlink:label="dei_AuditorFirmId" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="36" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_AuditorFirmId" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AuditorLocation" xlink:label="dei_AuditorLocation" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="37" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_AuditorLocation" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="38" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" xlink:label="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="39" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00100 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="7" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="8" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="7" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="7" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="8" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00105 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="7" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="8" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="9" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="10" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="11" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="12" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="13" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="14" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="15" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="16" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00300 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="7" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="8" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares" xlink:label="niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="9" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:to="niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="31503 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40102 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Group's VIE information (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Cash" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="7" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="8" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_InterCompanyReceivables" xlink:label="niu_InterCompanyReceivables" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="9" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="niu_InterCompanyReceivables" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="10" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="11" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="12" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="13" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="14" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="15" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="16" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="17" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="18" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="19" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="20" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_InterCompanyPayables" xlink:label="niu_InterCompanyPayables" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="21" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="niu_InterCompanyPayables" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="22" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="23" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="24" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="25" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="26" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="27" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="28" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="29" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="30" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="31" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="32" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="33" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="34" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="35" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="36" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="37" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="38" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="39" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40202 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Cash and cash equivalents (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" priority="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_CN" xlink:label="country_CN" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="country_CN" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="country_US" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="country_US" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_HK" xlink:label="country_HK" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="country_HK" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OtherCountriesMember" xlink:label="niu_OtherCountriesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="niu_OtherCountriesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CurrencyAxis" xlink:label="srt_CurrencyAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable" xlink:to="srt_CurrencyAxis" priority="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:label="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_CurrencyAxis" xlink:to="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_EUR" xlink:label="currency_EUR" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:to="currency_EUR" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_CNY" xlink:label="currency_CNY" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:to="currency_CNY" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_GBP" xlink:label="currency_GBP" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:to="currency_GBP" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_HKD" xlink:label="currency_HKD" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:to="currency_HKD" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_USD" xlink:label="currency_USD" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:to="currency_USD" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis" priority="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Cash" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits" xlink:label="us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40203 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Term Deposits (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CurrencyAxis" xlink:label="srt_CurrencyAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="srt_CurrencyAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:label="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_CurrencyAxis" xlink:to="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_CNY" xlink:label="currency_CNY" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:to="currency_CNY" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_USD" xlink:label="currency_USD" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:to="currency_USD" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40205 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Short-term investments (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40206 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Property, plant and equipment, net (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BuildingMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_BuildingMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VehiclesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VehiclesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_VehiclesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40208 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Value added taxes, Revenue recognition (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ServiceMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ServiceMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ServiceMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:to="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" xlink:label="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" xlink:label="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:to="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDefaultDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40208 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Value added taxes, Revenue recognition Default (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ServiceMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ServiceMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ServiceMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:to="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" xlink:label="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" xlink:label="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:to="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40211 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Concentration and risk (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" priority="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerAdvancesMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerAdvancesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:to="niu_CustomerAdvancesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" priority="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis" priority="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_SupplierXMember" xlink:label="niu_SupplierXMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" xlink:to="niu_SupplierXMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_SupplierYMember" xlink:label="niu_SupplierYMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" xlink:to="niu_SupplierYMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MajorCustomersAxis" xlink:label="srt_MajorCustomersAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" xlink:to="srt_MajorCustomersAxis" priority="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" xlink:label="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_MajorCustomersAxis" xlink:to="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" xlink:to="niu_CustomerMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerBMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerBMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" xlink:to="niu_CustomerBMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerCMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerCMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" xlink:to="niu_CustomerCMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerDMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerDMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" xlink:to="niu_CustomerDMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xlink:to="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40701 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Summary (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BuildingMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_BuildingMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VehiclesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VehiclesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_VehiclesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40702 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Depreciation expense (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40801 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Summary (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" priority="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_TrademarksMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_TrademarksMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_TrademarksMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis" priority="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40802 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Amortization expense on intangible assets (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41001 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" xlink:label="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:to="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember" xlink:label="niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:to="niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" xlink:label="niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:to="niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" xlink:label="niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:to="niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="7" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="8" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="9" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="10" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="11" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="12" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="13" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="14" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41101 - Disclosure - NOTES PAYABLE (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" xlink:label="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:to="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41202 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Warranty terms (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember" xlink:to="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember" xlink:to="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_SmartElectricScootersMember" xlink:label="niu_SmartElectricScootersMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="niu_SmartElectricScootersMember" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember" xlink:label="niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" xlink:label="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems" xlink:to="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty" xlink:label="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems" xlink:to="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41401 - Disclosure - ORDINARY SHARE (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CommonClassOtherMember" xlink:label="niu_CommonClassOtherMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:to="niu_CommonClassOtherMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AuthorizedShareCapital" xlink:label="niu_AuthorizedShareCapital" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="niu_AuthorizedShareCapital" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41501 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:to="niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member" xlink:label="niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:to="niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember" xlink:label="niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:to="niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" xlink:label="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:to="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VestingAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_VestingAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VestingDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_VestingAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_VestingDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_VestingDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_VestingDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="7" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="8" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="9" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="10" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="11" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards" xlink:label="niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="12" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41502 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Share option activities (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" xlink:label="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:to="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41503 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Restricted share units activities (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41504 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Compensation costs (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41601 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT - Fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41701 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Summary (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncomeTaxesTable" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="country_US" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="country_US" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_ID" xlink:label="country_ID" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="country_ID" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_HK" xlink:label="country_HK" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="country_HK" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_CN" xlink:label="country_CN" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="country_CN" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_OwnershipAxis" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable" xlink:to="srt_OwnershipAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_OwnershipDomain" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_OwnershipAxis" xlink:to="srt_OwnershipDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember" xlink:label="niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_OwnershipDomain" xlink:to="niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementScenarioAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="3" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable" xlink:to="srt_StatementScenarioAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScenarioForecastMember" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioForecastMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioForecastMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:label="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="4" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable" xlink:to="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:label="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:to="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember" xlink:label="niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:to="niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="niu_IncomeTaxesTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime" xlink:label="niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41702 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Components of income (loss) before income taxes and withholding tax on undistributed dividends (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncomeTaxesTable" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_KY" xlink:label="country_KY" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="country_KY" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_ID" xlink:label="country_ID" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="country_ID" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_HK" xlink:label="country_HK" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="country_HK" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_VG" xlink:label="country_VG" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="country_VG" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember" xlink:label="niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember" xlink:label="niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="niu_IncomeTaxesTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment" xlink:label="niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="7" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41802 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Antidilutive securities (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41901 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION - Disaggregation of revenue (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember" xlink:label="niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember" xlink:label="niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ServiceMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ServiceMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ServiceMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41902 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION - Revenues based on geographic areas (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_CN" xlink:label="country_CN" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="country_CN" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_EuropeMember" xlink:label="srt_EuropeMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="srt_EuropeMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OtherCountriesMember" xlink:label="niu_OtherCountriesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="niu_OtherCountriesMember" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="42201 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Balance Sheets (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable" xlink:label="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ParentCompanyMember" xlink:label="srt_ParentCompanyMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:to="srt_ParentCompanyMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" xlink:label="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:to="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="3" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:label="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries" xlink:label="niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="42202 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Statements of Results of Operations (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable" xlink:label="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ObligorGroupMember" xlink:label="srt_ObligorGroupMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:to="srt_ObligorGroupMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ParentCompanyMember" xlink:label="srt_ParentCompanyMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ObligorGroupMember" xlink:to="srt_ParentCompanyMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" xlink:label="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:to="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" xlink:label="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="7" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="42203 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed statements of cash flows (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable" xlink:label="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="1" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" xlink:label="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:to="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" order="2" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ParentCompanyMember" xlink:label="srt_ParentCompanyMember" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="1" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:to="srt_ParentCompanyMember" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:label="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" order="1" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable" use="optional" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="2" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="3" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="4" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="5" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="6" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" priority="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" />
    <definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" order="7" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" priority="1" use="optional" />
  </definitionLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>niu-20231231_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--XBRL document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.2.5 -->
<!--Based on XBRL 2.1-->
<!--Created on: 4/24/2024 9:00:49 AM-->
<!--Modified on: 4/24/2024 9:00:49 AM-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt">
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <link:labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:type="extended">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document and Entity Information</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Information [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Class of Stock [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Class of Stock [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AdrMember" xlink:label="dei_AdrMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AdrMember" xlink:to="dei_AdrMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AdrMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ADS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Class A Ordinary Shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Class B Ordinary Shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Addresses, Address Type [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:to="dei_AddressTypeDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Address Type [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_BusinessContactMember" xlink:label="dei_BusinessContactMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_BusinessContactMember" xlink:to="dei_BusinessContactMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_BusinessContactMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Business Contact [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_BusinessContactMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Business Contact</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Information [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Information</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Type</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Period End Date</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Registration Statement</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Annual Report</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Transition Report</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Shell Company Report</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity File Number</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Registrant Name</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_ContactPersonnelName" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelName" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_ContactPersonnelName" xlink:to="dei_ContactPersonnelName_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contact Personnel Name</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">City Area Code</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Local Phone Number</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress" xlink:to="dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contact Personnel Email Address</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Address, Address Line One</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Address, City or Town</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Address, Country</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Title of 12(b) Security</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Trading Symbol</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Security Exchange Name</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Voluntary Filers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Current Reporting Status</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Interactive Data Current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Filer Category</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Emerging Growth Company</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Accounting Standard</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Shell Company</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entity Central Index Key</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Current Fiscal Year End Date</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Fiscal Year Focus</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Document Fiscal Period Focus</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AuditorName" xlink:label="dei_AuditorName" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditorName" xlink:to="dei_AuditorName_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Auditor Name</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AuditorFirmId" xlink:label="dei_AuditorFirmId" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditorFirmId" xlink:to="dei_AuditorFirmId_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorFirmId_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Auditor Firm ID</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AuditorLocation" xlink:label="dei_AuditorLocation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditorLocation" xlink:to="dei_AuditorLocation_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorLocation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Auditor Location</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amendment Flag</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" xlink:label="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" xlink:to="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statement [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statement [Line Items]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ASSETS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets, Current [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and cash equivalents</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of term deposits placed with bank with original maturities of less than or equal to one year.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Term Deposits With Banks, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Term deposits-current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Restricted Cash, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Restricted cash</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Aggregate fair value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts Receivable, Net, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts receivable, net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts receivable, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventories</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventories</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayments and other current assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayments and other current assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayments and other current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets, Noncurrent [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Non-current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of term deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than one year.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Term Deposits With Banks, Non Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Term deposits-non-current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, plant and equipment, net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, plant and equipment, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Intangible assets, net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net carrying amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Intangible assets, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease right-of-use assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Income Tax Assets, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred income tax assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Assets, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total non-current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">LIABILITIES</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities, Current [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Bank Loans and Notes Payable</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term bank borrowings</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term bank borrowings</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Notes Payable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Notes payable (including notes payable of VIE without recourse to the Company were RMB316,832,113 and RMB167,282,688 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Notes payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts Payable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts payable (including accounts payable of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB459,406,790 and RMB575,235,413 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Income Taxes, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income taxes payable (including income taxes payable of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB1,501,992 and RMB1,195,114 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income taxes payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" xlink:to="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of advances from customers. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advances from Customers, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advances from customers (including advances from customers of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB23,522,149 and RMB16,399,926 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advances from customers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred revenue-current (including deferred revenue-current of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB37,539,733 and RMB41,755,097 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred revenue - current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of accrued expenses and other liabilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB175,352,229 and RMB151,286,008 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Non-current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred revenue-non-current (including deferred revenue non-current of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB11,429,500 and RMB13,168,111 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred revenue-non-current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Income Tax Liabilities, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred income tax liabilities (including deferred income tax liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB1,398,279 and RMB2,362,494 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred income tax liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease liabilities-non-current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease liabilities-non-current (including operating lease liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company were RMB7,569,128 and RMB280,421 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Liabilities, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current liabilities (including other non-current liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB13,441,382 and RMB8,968,519 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total non-current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Commitments and Contingencies.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Commitments and contingencies</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shareholders' equity:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Value, Issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary Shares</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Additional Paid in Capital</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Additional paid-in capital</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accumulated deficit</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ending balance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Beginning balance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total shareholders' equity</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities and Equity</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total liabilities and shareholders' equity</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Consolidated Entities [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Consolidated Entities [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">VIE</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Shares Authorized</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares, authorized</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Shares, Issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares, issued</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares, outstanding</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenues</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenues</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cost of Revenue</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cost of revenues</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cost of revenues</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Gross Profit</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Gross profit</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Expenses [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating expenses:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Selling and Marketing Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Selling and marketing expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Research and Development Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Research and development expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">General and Administrative Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">General and administrative expenses (including allowance for doubtful accounts of RMB1,272,454, RMB25,044,327 and RMB139,445,017 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Expenses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total operating expenses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total operating expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_GovernmentGrants" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrants" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_GovernmentGrants" xlink:to="niu_GovernmentGrants_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of government grants.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Government Grants</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Government grants</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Income (Loss)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating income (loss)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpense" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment Income, Interest</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest income</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Gain (Loss) on Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment income</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment income</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Changes in fair value of investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income (loss) before income taxes</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income (loss) before income taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income tax (expense) benefit</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income tax expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net income (loss)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net income (loss)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other comprehensive income (loss)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of nil income taxes</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of nil income taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Securities, Available-for-sale, Adjustment, before Reclassification Adjustments, after Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unrealized gain on available for sale securities, net income taxes of RMB5,809,288, RMB1,184,686 and RMB3,080 for the year 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale security, net of income taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI for Sale of Securities, Net of Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Less: reclassification adjustment for gain on available for sale securities realized in net income, net income taxes of RMB5,291,894, RMB1,698,460 and RMB64,025 for the year 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reclassification adjustment for gains on available-for-sale securities realized in net income, net of income taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Comprehensive income (loss)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net income (loss) per ordinary share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Earnings Per Share, Basic</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">-Basic</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Earnings Per Share, Diluted</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">-Diluted</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average number of ordinary shares and ordinary shares equivalents outstanding used in computing net income (loss) per ordinary share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Denominator:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">-Basic</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Denominator for basic net income (loss) per ordinary share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">-Diluted</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Provision for Doubtful Accounts</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Additions</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allowance for doubtful accounts</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment, Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Foreign currency translation adjustment, income tax</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Holding Gain (Loss) Arising During Period, Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unrealized gain on available for sale securities, income tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale security, income taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI for Sale of Securities, Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reclassification adjustment for gain on available for sale securities realized in net income, income tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reclassification adjustment for gains on available-for-sale securities realized in net income, income tax</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Equity Components [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Equity Component [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ordinary shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Additional paid-in capital</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accumulated deficit</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (decrease) in shareholders' deficit</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shares, Outstanding</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ending balance (in shares)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Beginning balance (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Share-based Compensation, Requisite Service Period Recognition</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based compensation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">APIC, Share-based Payment Arrangement, Recognition and Exercise</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Exercise of share-based awards</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares" xlink:label="niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares" xlink:to="niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of shares of increase (decrease) to additional paid-in capital (APIC) for recognition and exercise of award under share-based payment arrangement.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">APIC, Share-based Payment Arrangement, Recognition and Exercise, Shares</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Exercise of share-based awards (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating activities:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Income (Loss), Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net income (loss)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance" xlink:label="niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance" xlink:to="niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of additions charged to bad debt expense and write-off of bad debt allowance.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions to Expense and Write-off of Allowance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allowance for doubtful accounts (Note 4)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based compensation (Note 15)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Depreciation and amortization (Note 7 and 8)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Impairment Loss</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Foreign Currency Transaction Gain (Loss), Unrealized</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred income tax expense (benefit)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Property Plant Equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory Write-down</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Write-down of inventories (Note 5)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Operating Capital [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Receivable</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts receivable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Inventories</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventories</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Prepaid Expense and Other Assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayments and other current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Other Noncurrent Assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Payable</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts payable and notes payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers" xlink:label="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers" xlink:to="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The increase (decrease) during the reporting period for advances from customers.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Advances from Customers</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advances from customers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Contract with Customer, Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Other Noncurrent Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Income Taxes Receivable</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income tax receivable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Income Taxes Payable</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income taxes payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase (Decrease) in Accrued Liabilities and Other Operating Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities" xlink:label="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities" xlink:to="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">No definition.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Increase Decrease In Operating Leases Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investing activities:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash paid for purchase of property, plant and equipment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits" xlink:label="niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits" xlink:to="niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The cash outflow for acquisition of term deposits.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments to Acquire Term Deposits</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Purchase of term deposits</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits" xlink:label="niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits" xlink:to="niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of cash inflow from the sale or maturity redemption of term deposits.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds From Maturity Redemption Of Term Deposits</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash received from redemption of term deposits</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments to Acquire Short-term Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash paid for purchase of short-term investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from Sale of Short-term Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash received from sale of short-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments to Acquire Equity Securities, FV-NI</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayment for an investment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Payments for (Proceeds from) Other Investing Activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Others</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Financing activities:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from Stock Options Exercised</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash received from exercise of employee stock options</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from Bank Debt</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from short-term bank borrowings</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Repayments of Bank Debt</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Repayment for short-term bank borrowings</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Drawdowns repaid</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash used in financing activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net cash provided by financing activities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effect of Exchange Rate on Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Including Disposal Group and Discontinued Operations</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and restricted cash</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease), Including Exchange Rate Effect</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net increase in cash and restricted cash</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplemental information</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest Paid, Excluding Capitalized Interest, Operating Activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest paid</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Taxes Paid, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income tax paid</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Capital Expenditures Incurred but Not yet Paid</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Construction payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1" xlink:to="us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Noncash or Part Noncash Acquisition, Investments Acquired</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayment for a service in previous year to purchase of an investment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">No definition available.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Business Description and Basis of Presentation [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investments in Debt and Marketable Equity Securities (and Certain Trading Assets) Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">INVENTORIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">INVENTORIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The entire disclosure for prepayments and other current assets.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayments and Other Current Assets Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The entire disclosure for other non-current assets.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Non Current Assets [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Debt [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">NOTES PAYABLE</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_NotesPayableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_NotesPayableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_NotesPayableTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_NotesPayableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_NotesPayableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Entire disclosure of notes payable.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_NotesPayableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Notes Payable [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_NotesPayableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">NOTES PAYABLE</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">No definition available.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The entire disclosure for accrued expenses and other current liabilities.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities, Current [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Liabilities Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ORDINARY SHARE</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ORDINARY SHARE</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">INCOME TAX</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">INCOME TAX</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Earnings Per Share [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">REVENUE INFORMATION</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">REVENUE INFORMATION</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LeasesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">OPERATING LEASES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">OPERATING LEASES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company Only Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Basis of presentation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Principles of consolidation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:label="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:to="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Use of estimates</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for convenience translation.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Convenience Translation, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Convenience translation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Commitments and Contingencies, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Commitments and contingencies</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and cash equivalents</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for term deposit.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Term Deposit [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Term deposits</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Restricted cash</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventories</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, plant and equipment, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Intangible assets, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for land use right, net.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Land Use Right, Net Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Leases</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Impairment of long-lived assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for value added taxes (VAT).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Value Added Taxes, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Value added taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair value measurements</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue from Contract with Customer [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue recognition</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for contract balances.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract Balances Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract Balances</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies" xlink:label="us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies" xlink:to="us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Guarantees, Indemnifications and Warranties Policies [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Warranties</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cost of Sales, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cost of Revenues</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advertising Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Selling and Marketing Expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for inclusion of significant items in the general and administrative expenses (or similar) expense report caption.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">General And Administrative Expenses, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">General and Administrative Expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Research and Development Expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for government grants.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Government Grants [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Government Grants</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Employee Benefits</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Foreign currency translation and foreign currency risks</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration and risk</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Earnings (Loss) per Share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Segment Reporting</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disclosure of accounting policy for statutory reserves.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statutory Reserves Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statutory Reserves</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Variable Interest Entities [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Group's VIE information</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of cash and cash equivalents</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The tabular disclosure of term deposits.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Term Deposits [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of term deposits</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tabular disclosure of the components of cash, cash equivalents and cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents And Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tabular disclosure of estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule Of Estimated Useful Lives Of Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of estimated useful lives of property and equipment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of changes in contract liabilities (advances from customers and deferred revenue)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedules of Concentration of Risk, by Risk Factor [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of concentration of customers and suppliers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Marketable Securities [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of short-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of accounts receivable, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allowance for Credit Losses on Financing Receivables [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of inventories</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of prepayments and other current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of property and equipment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tabular disclosure of depreciation on physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Depreciation Expense Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of depreciation expense on property and equipment allocated to expense items</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of intangible assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-lived Intangible Assets Amortization Expense [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of amortization expenses on intangible assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Other Assets, Noncurrent [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of other non-current assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Short-term Debt [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of short-term bank borrowings</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tabular disclosure of accrued expenses and other current liabilities.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Product Warranty Liability [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of movement of provision for warranty</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Noncurrent Liabilities [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of other non-current liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Award Type [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Equity Award [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share options</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unvested restricted share units</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unvested restricted share units</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of the share options activities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Nonvested Restricted Stock Shares Activity [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of the restricted share units activities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of share-based compensation expenses recognized</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Components of income (loss) before income taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of income tax expense (benefit)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of reconciliation of statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of Valuation Allowance [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of changes in valuation allowance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of antidilutive securities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of net revenues</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of the group's revenue based on geographic areas</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock" xlink:to="niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tabular disclosure of supplemental information related to operating leases.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Operating Leases Supplemental Information [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of supplemental information related to operating leases</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of maturities of lease liabilities under the group's non-cancellable operating leases</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Balance Sheet [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of condensed balance sheets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Income Statement [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of condensed statements of results of operations</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Cash Flow Statement [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of condensed statements of cash flows</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement" xlink:label="niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement" xlink:to="niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage of monthly net profits as per Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage of Monthly Net Profits under Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage of monthly net profits under Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" xlink:label="niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" xlink:to="niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum amount of equity interests permitted under Exclusive Option Agreement.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum Equity Interests Permitted under Exclusive Option Agreement</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum equity holders' interests permitted under Exclusive Option Agreement</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" xlink:label="niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" xlink:to="niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Minimum value of material assets for dispositions under Exclusive Option Agreement.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Minimum Value of Material Assets for Dispositions under Exclusive Option Agreement</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Minimum value of material assets for dispositions under Exclusive Option Agreement</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Variable Interest Entities [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Group's VIE information</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Cash" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Cash" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash on hand</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of term deposits with banks, which have original maturities of three months or less and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Term Deposits with Banks</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total term deposits held</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_InterCompanyReceivables" xlink:label="niu_InterCompanyReceivables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_InterCompanyReceivables" xlink:to="niu_InterCompanyReceivables_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_InterCompanyReceivables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of receivables from inter companies as on balance sheet date.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_InterCompanyReceivables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inter Company Receivables</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_InterCompanyReceivables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amounts due from inter-companies</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_InterCompanyPayables" xlink:label="niu_InterCompanyPayables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_InterCompanyPayables" xlink:to="niu_InterCompanyPayables_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_InterCompanyPayables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of payables to inter companies as on balance sheet date.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_InterCompanyPayables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inter Company Payables</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_InterCompanyPayables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amounts due to inter-companies</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Foreign Currency Exchange Rate, Translation</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Convenience translation rate (in RMB/USD)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Geographical [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Geographical [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_CN" xlink:label="country_CN" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_CN" xlink:to="country_CN_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_CN_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">PRC</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="country_US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_US" xlink:to="country_US_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_US_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">United States</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_HK" xlink:label="country_HK" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_HK" xlink:to="country_HK_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_HK_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Hong Kong SAR</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OtherCountriesMember" xlink:label="niu_OtherCountriesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_OtherCountriesMember" xlink:to="niu_OtherCountriesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_OtherCountriesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to other countries than PRC and Europe.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_OtherCountriesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Others</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CurrencyAxis" xlink:label="srt_CurrencyAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CurrencyAxis" xlink:to="srt_CurrencyAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CurrencyAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Currency [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:label="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:to="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">All Currencies [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_EUR" xlink:label="currency_EUR" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="currency_EUR" xlink:to="currency_EUR_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="currency_EUR_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Denominated in EUR</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_CNY" xlink:label="currency_CNY" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="currency_CNY" xlink:to="currency_CNY_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="currency_CNY_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Denominated in RMB</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_GBP" xlink:label="currency_GBP" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="currency_GBP" xlink:to="currency_GBP_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="currency_GBP_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Denominated in GPB</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_HKD" xlink:label="currency_HKD" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="currency_HKD" xlink:to="currency_HKD_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="currency_HKD_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Denominated in HKD</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_USD" xlink:label="currency_USD" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="currency_USD" xlink:to="currency_USD_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="currency_USD_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Denominated in USD</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and cash equivalents</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statistical Measurement [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statistical Measurement [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MinimumMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Minimum</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Minimum</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash and cash equivalents</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest-bearing Deposits in Banks and Other Financial Institutions</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits" xlink:label="us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits" xlink:to="us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maturity of Time Deposits</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Original maturities of term deposit</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Investments [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment Type [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investments [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-Term Investments [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Investments [Line Items]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-Lived Tangible Asset [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-Lived Tangible Asset [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BuildingMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BuildingMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_BuildingMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Building</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Building</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Machinery and equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Machinery and equipment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Furniture</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Furniture</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Office and electronic equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Office and electronic equipment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VehiclesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VehiclesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VehiclesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_VehiclesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VehiclesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Motor vehicles</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_VehiclesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Motor vehicles</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MaximumMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Lease, Description [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeaseDescriptionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife" xlink:label="niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife" xlink:to="niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Estimated useful life of land use right, net, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Land Use Right, Net, Estimated Useful Life</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Estimated useful life of land use right, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Asset Impairment Charges [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Impairment of Long-lived Assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived" xlink:to="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Impairment of Intangible Assets, Finite-lived</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Impairment of long-lived assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product and Service [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product and Service [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shipping costs incurred</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenues from sales of products</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ServiceMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ServiceMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ServiceMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ServiceMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ServiceMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Service revenues</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ServiceMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenues from sales of services</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">No definition available.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Value Added Tax [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Value added taxes</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" xlink:to="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage of tax rate applicable to revenue from sales of products.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Value Added Tax Rate, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">VAT rate (in percentage)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Right of Return [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue recognition</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" xlink:label="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" xlink:to="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Return-and-refund policy period in days for customers customers who purchase products online, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Return And Refund Policy Term</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Return and refund policy term (in days)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" xlink:label="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" xlink:to="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Free service period for mobile application services to customers, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Mobile Application Services, Free Service Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Free service period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Period over which remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disaggregation of Revenue [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">REVENUE INFORMATION</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Change in Contract with Customer, Liability [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Changes in the Group's contract liabilities (advances from customers and deferred revenue)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract liabilities, ending balance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract liabilities, beginning balance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat" xlink:label="niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat" xlink:to="niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of cash received in advance, net of VAT.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash Received in Advance, Net of VAT</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash received in advance, excluding VAT</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance" xlink:label="niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance" xlink:to="niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized From Opening Balance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during current year</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advertising Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advertising expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized" xlink:to="niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of subsidies received by the entity from the government under terms of a grant program.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Government Grants, Subsidies Recognized</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Government grants</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Defined Contribution Plan, Cost</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Employee social benefits included as expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk Benchmark [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk Benchmark [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total purchases</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue Benchmark [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts receivable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerAdvancesMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerAdvancesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_CustomerAdvancesMember" xlink:to="niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to advances from customers.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advances from customers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk Type [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk Type [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Suppliers risk</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Customer risk</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_SupplierXMember" xlink:label="niu_SupplierXMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_SupplierXMember" xlink:to="niu_SupplierXMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_SupplierXMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to supplier X.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_SupplierXMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier X [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_SupplierXMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier X</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_SupplierYMember" xlink:label="niu_SupplierYMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_SupplierYMember" xlink:to="niu_SupplierYMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_SupplierYMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to supplier Y.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_SupplierYMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier Y [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_SupplierYMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Supplier Y</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MajorCustomersAxis" xlink:label="srt_MajorCustomersAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MajorCustomersAxis" xlink:to="srt_MajorCustomersAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MajorCustomersAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Customer [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" xlink:label="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" xlink:to="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Customer [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_CustomerMember" xlink:to="niu_CustomerMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_CustomerMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to customer A.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_CustomerMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Customer A [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_CustomerMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Customer A</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerBMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerBMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_CustomerBMember" xlink:to="niu_CustomerBMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_CustomerBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to customer B.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_CustomerBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Customer B [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_CustomerBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Customer B</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerCMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerCMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_CustomerCMember" xlink:to="niu_CustomerCMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_CustomerCMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to customer C.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_CustomerCMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Customer C [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_CustomerCMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Customer C</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerDMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerDMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_CustomerDMember" xlink:to="niu_CustomerDMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_CustomerDMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to customer D.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_CustomerDMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Customer D [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_CustomerDMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Customer D</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration and risk</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cost of Goods and Services Sold</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Purchases from suppliers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration Risk, Percentage</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Concentration risk (as a percent)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments" xlink:to="us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of Operating Segments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of operating segment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax" xlink:label="niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax" xlink:to="niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The percentage of after tax profits appropriated to statutory surplus fund annually.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Appropriation to Statutory Surplus Fund, Percentage of Profit, Net of Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage of after tax profit, transferred annually by PRC subsidiaries to statutory surplus fund</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital" xlink:label="niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital" xlink:to="niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the maximum percentage criteria expressed as a percentage of registered capital for the transfer of after-tax profit by subsidiaries in China to a statutory surplus fund. If the reserve fund exceeds the specified threshold of the registered capital, further appropriation is not required.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Criteria for Appropriation to Statutory Surplus Fund Maximum Threshold as Percentage of Registered Capital</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum percentage criteria for appropriation of after-tax profit of PRC subsidiaries to statutory surplus fund (as a percent)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves" xlink:label="niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves" xlink:to="niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount appropriated to statutory reserves.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Appropriations to Statutory Reserves</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Appropriations to statutory reserves</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Aggregate cost basis</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Gross unrealized holding gain</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Gross unrealized holding losses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts Receivable, Gross, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accounts receivable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allowance for doubtful accounts</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Balance at the end of the year</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Balance at the beginning of the year</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable [Roll Forward]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Summary of movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable, Write-offs</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Write-off</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory, Finished Goods, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finished goods</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory, Work in Process, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Works in progress</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Inventory, Raw Materials and Supplies, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Raw materials</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepaid Taxes</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deductible input VAT and VAT rebates receivable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Supplies" xlink:label="us-gaap_Supplies" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Supplies" xlink:to="us-gaap_Supplies_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Supplies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepaid Supplies</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Supplies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advances to suppliers</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivables" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivables" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Receivables</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Receivable from online platforms</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Costs</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred charge</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest Receivable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest receivable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Taxes Receivable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income tax receivable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Assets, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Others</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Leasehold improvements</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Leasehold improvement</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, plant and equipment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Less: Accumulated depreciation</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Less: Accumulated depreciation</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Statement Location [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Statement Location [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cost of revenues</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cost of revenues</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">General and administrative expenses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">General and administrative expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Selling and marketing expenses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Selling and marketing expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Research and development expenses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Research and development expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Depreciation</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Depreciation expense</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Major Class Name [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_TrademarksMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_TrademarksMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TrademarksMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_TrademarksMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TrademarksMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Trademarks</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TrademarksMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Trademarks</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Internet Domain Names</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Domain name</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">License</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">License</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Intangible assets, amortization period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Gross carrying amount</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accumulated amortization</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amortization of Intangible Assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total amortization expense</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Estimated future amortization expense</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, Next Twelve Months</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2023</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, Year Two</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2024</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, Year Three</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2025</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, Year Four</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2026</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, Year Five</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2027</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity" xlink:to="niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of amounts paid in advance for investments in equity investees be classified as investments  in periods after one year or beyond the operating cycle, if longer.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepaid investment in equity</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayment for an investment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SecurityDeposit" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit" xlink:to="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Security Deposit</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deposits</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of amounts paid in advance for property, plant and equipment to be classified as such in periods after one year or beyond the operating cycle, if longer.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepaid property plant and equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepayment for property, plant and equipment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Assets, Miscellaneous, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Others</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Short-term Debt [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Debt Instrument [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Debt Instrument, Name [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Secured Debt [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Secured borrowings</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" xlink:label="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" xlink:to="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to bank loan in china.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Commercial Bank Loan in China [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Commercial bank</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Debt, Type [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Debt, Type [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember" xlink:label="niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember" xlink:to="niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member represents information of short term bank borrowings.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short Term Bank Borrowings [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short term bank borrowings</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Credit Facility [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Credit Facility [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" xlink:label="niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" xlink:to="niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to two year secured loan facility with commercial bank.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Two Year Secured Loan Facility With Commercial Bank [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Two-year secured loan facility</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" xlink:label="niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" xlink:to="niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to twelve months secured loan facility with commercial bank.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Twelve Months Secured Loan Facility with Commercial Bank [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Twelve months secured loan facility</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Debt [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">NOTES PAYABLE</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Debt</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term bank borrowings</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Debt Instrument, Term</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Debt term</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum credit facility amount</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Proceeds from Lines of Credit</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Withdrawal amount under facility agreement</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate During Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage of interest bearded under facility agreement</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Repayments of Lines of Credit</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Repayment of loan</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest rate</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest rate (in percent)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash Collateral for Borrowed Securities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Collateral deposits</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Line of Credit, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding amount</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-Term Debt, Weighted Average Interest Rate, at Point in Time</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average interest rate</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Debt Instrument, Unused Borrowing Capacity, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unused secured loan facility amount</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-Term Debt, Type [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Long-Term Debt, Type [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Notes Payable.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Notes Payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent" xlink:to="niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for customer refundable (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Refundable Payable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Refundable payment from franchised stores-current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Marketing Costs, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued selling and marketing expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Employee-related Liabilities, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued payroll and social insurance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product Warranty Accrual, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Warranty-current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Construction Payable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Construction payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Liability, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease liabilities-current (Note 12)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent" xlink:to="niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for sales rebate. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Sales Rebate, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Sales rebate</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrual for Taxes Other than Income Taxes, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other taxes payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest Payable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Interest payable</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther" xlink:label="niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther" xlink:to="niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for professional fees and marketing expenses and others. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued Professional Fees, Marketing Expenses and Other</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Others</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product Warranty Liability [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember" xlink:to="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to lithium-ion battery packs.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lithium-ion battery packs</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember" xlink:to="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to lithium-ion battery packs, model one.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lithium-ion battery packs, model 1</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember" xlink:to="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to lithium-ion battery packs, model two.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lithium-ion battery packs, model 2</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_SmartElectricScootersMember" xlink:label="niu_SmartElectricScootersMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_SmartElectricScootersMember" xlink:to="niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to smart electric-scooters.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Smart electric-scooters</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember" xlink:label="niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember" xlink:to="niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to key components of electric scooters.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Key Components of Electric Scooter [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Key components of electric scooters</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" xlink:label="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" xlink:to="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product warranty period, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product Warranty Liability, Term</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Warranty term</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty" xlink:label="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty" xlink:to="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Kilometer covered under the product liability warranty.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product Warranty Liability, Kilometer Warranty</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Kilometers covered under warranty</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Movement of provision</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual" xlink:to="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Standard Product Warranty Accrual</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued warranty-end of year</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued warranty-beginning of year</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Standard Product Warranty Accrual, Increase for Warranties Issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrual for warranties issued during the year</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments" xlink:to="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Standard Product Warranty Accrual, Decrease for Payments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Warranty claims paid</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration" xlink:label="niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration" xlink:to="niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of decrease in the standard product warranty accrual from expiration under the terms of the standard product warranty. Excludes extended product warranties.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Standard Product Warranty Accrual, Decrease for Expiration</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Pre-existing warranty expired</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Product Warranty Accrual, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Warranty-non-current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent" xlink:label="niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent" xlink:to="niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying amount of refundable payment from franchised stores, which is expected to be paid after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Refundable Payment from Franchised Stores, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Refundable payment from franchised stores-non-current</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other Sundry Liabilities, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Others</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Stock by Class [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CommonClassOtherMember" xlink:label="niu_CommonClassOtherMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_CommonClassOtherMember" xlink:to="niu_CommonClassOtherMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_CommonClassOtherMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other classification of common stock that has different rights than provided to Class A or B shares, representing ownership interest in a corporation.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_CommonClassOtherMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other classes, Ordinary Shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Class of Stock [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">ORDINARY SHARE</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AuthorizedShareCapital" xlink:label="niu_AuthorizedShareCapital" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_AuthorizedShareCapital" xlink:to="niu_AuthorizedShareCapital_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_AuthorizedShareCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of authorized common stock value.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_AuthorizedShareCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Authorized Share Capital</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_AuthorizedShareCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Authorized share capital</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Conversion of Stock, Shares Converted</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Shares converted to Class A ordinary shares (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Plan Name [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Plan Name [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents information pertaining to 2016 Global Share Incentive Plan and amended it in March 2018 (the "Amended 2016 Plan").</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amended 2016 Plan</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member" xlink:label="niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member" xlink:to="niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to 2018 Share Incentive Plan.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">2018 Share Incentive Plan</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember" xlink:label="niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember" xlink:to="niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to an arrangement with grantees to modify the grants issued.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Arrangement with grantees</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" xlink:label="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" xlink:to="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents information pertaining to the amended 2016 Plan and the 2018 Plan.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amended 2016 Plan and 2018 Plan</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VestingAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VestingAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_VestingAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Vesting [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VestingDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VestingDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_VestingDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Vesting [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tranche One</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tranche Two</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum aggregate shares that may be issued</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Percentage of Outstanding Stock Maximum</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum percentage of total ordinary shares issued and outstanding that may be issued</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Additional Shares Authorized</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum aggregate shares that may be issued, annual increase</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Expiration period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Granted (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Intrinsic Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total intrinsic value of share options exercised</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total fair value of shares vested</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unrecognized compensation expense</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unrecognized compensation expense, recognition period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Granted (in shares)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of awards granted (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards" xlink:label="niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards" xlink:to="niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of equal installments in which the awards can be granted under the share-based payment arrangement.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Number Of Equal Installments For Grant Of Awards</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of equal installments in which the awards will vest</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding, at end of period (in shares)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding, at beginning of period (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Exercised (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures and Expirations in Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Forfeited/Expired (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Exercisable, at end of period (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average exercise price</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding, at end of period (in dollars per share)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Outstanding, at beginning of period (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Exercised (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures and Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Forfeited/Expired (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Exercisable, at end of period (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Additional disclosures</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted remaining contractual years, Outstanding at end of period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted remaining contractual years, Exercisable at end of period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Intrinsic Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Aggregate intrinsic value, Outstanding at end of period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Intrinsic Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Aggregate intrinsic value, Exercisable at end of period</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Number of shares</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unvested balance at end of period (in shares)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unvested balance at beginning of period (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Vested (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Forfeited in Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Forfeited (in shares)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average grant date fair value</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unvested balance at end of period (in dollars per share)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Unvested balance at beginning of period (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Granted (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Vested (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Forfeitures, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Forfeited (in dollars per share)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based compensation expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Level 2</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investments, Fair Value Disclosure</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term investments (Note 3)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets, Fair Value Disclosure</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Assets at fair value</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Liabilities at fair value</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncomeTaxesTable" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable" xlink:to="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of information pertaining to income taxes.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Taxes [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_ID" xlink:label="country_ID" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_ID" xlink:to="country_ID_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_ID_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Indonesia</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_OwnershipAxis" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_OwnershipAxis" xlink:to="srt_OwnershipAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ownership [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_OwnershipDomain" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_OwnershipDomain" xlink:to="srt_OwnershipDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Ownership [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember" xlink:label="niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember" xlink:to="niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">This member stands for Jiangsu Xiaoniu.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Jiangsu Xiaoniu</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Scenario [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Scenario [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScenarioForecastMember" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioForecastMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioForecastMember" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioForecastMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioForecastMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Forecast [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioForecastMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Forecast</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:label="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:to="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Counterparty Name [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:label="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:to="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Counterparty Name [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember" xlink:label="niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember" xlink:to="niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to Beijing Niudian Technology Co., Ltd.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Beijing Niudian</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Beijing Niudian</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:to="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Taxes [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">INCOME TAX</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" xlink:to="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage of preferential tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Preferential Income Tax Rate, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Preferential tax rate</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Statutory income tax (as a percent)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share-based Payment Arrangement, Decrease for Tax Withholding Obligation</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Withholding taxes on remittance of dividends</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime" xlink:label="niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime" xlink:to="niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the profit taxed at half of the current tax rate under two-tiered profits tax rates regime.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Profit Taxed At Half Of The Current Tax Rate Under Two-Tiered Profits Tax Rates Regime</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Threshold profit taxed at half of the current tax rate under two-tiered profits tax rates regime</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent" xlink:to="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage of tax rate at half of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Half of Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tax rate at half of the current tax rate under two-tiered profits tax rates regime</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_KY" xlink:label="country_KY" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_KY" xlink:to="country_KY_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_KY_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cayman</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_VG" xlink:label="country_VG" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_VG" xlink:to="country_VG_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_VG_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">B.V.I.</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember" xlink:label="niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember" xlink:to="niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to the countries other than Cayman, Indonesia, PRC and BVI.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Countries Other Than Cayman, Indonesia, PRC and BVI [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Others</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember" xlink:label="niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember" xlink:to="niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to Public Republic of China (PRC), excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">PRC, excluding Hong Kong S.A.R.</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Current Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Current income tax expense (benefit)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment" xlink:label="niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment" xlink:to="niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Withholding income tax rate if foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of shares of the FIE.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Maximum Withholding Income Tax Rate if Foreign Investor Owns At Least Twenty Five Percent of Shares in Foreign Investment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Withholding income tax rate</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate" xlink:to="niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The minimum direct ownership percentage in the foreign invested enterprises owned by the foreign investor, determining whether the lower withholding income tax rate can be applied for dividends distributed by the foreign invested enterprise to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Minimum Percentage Directly Owned by Foreign Investor for Lower Withholding Income Tax Rate</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Percentage of ownership interests held by foreign investors (as a percent)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reconciliation of differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Computed expected income tax expense (benefit)</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Foreign Income Tax Rate Differential, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Non-PRC entities not subject to income tax</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Credit, Research, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Research and development expenses bonus deduction</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Share-based Compensation Cost, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Non-deductible share-based compensation expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Other, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Other non-deductible expenses</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference" xlink:to="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to preferential tax rate difference.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Preferential Tax Rate Difference</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Preferential tax rate difference</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Prior Year Income Taxes, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Tax filing differences</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Change in valuation allowance</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" xlink:label="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" xlink:to="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of effect of preferential tax rates on basic earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effect Of Preferential Tax Rates On Basic Earnings Per Class A And Class B Ordinary Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effect of preferential tax rates on basic earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" xlink:label="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" xlink:to="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The amount of effect of preferential tax rates on diluted earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effect Of Preferential Tax Rates On Diluted Earnings Per Class A And Class B Ordinary Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Effect of preferential tax rates on diluted earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Gross [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred income tax assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net operating loss carry forwards</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Reserves and Accruals, Warranty Reserves</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accrued warranty</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense" xlink:label="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense" xlink:to="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount, before allocation of valuation allowances, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences from advertising expenses.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Advertising Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Advertising expense</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Deferred Income</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred revenue</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Reserves and Accruals, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Allowance for doubtful accounts</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities" xlink:label="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities" xlink:to="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences, of lease liabilities.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Lease Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lease liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Inventory</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Write-downs for inventories</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Less: Valuation allowance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Balance at the end of the year</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Balance at the beginning of the year</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Net of Valuation Allowance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total deferred income tax assets, net</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred income tax liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Liabilities, Leasing Arrangements</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease right of use assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Liabilities, Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term investments</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Liabilities, Property, Plant and Equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Property, plant and equipment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Liabilities, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total deferred income tax liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Assets, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net deferred income tax assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net deferred income tax liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Loss Carryforwards</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating loss carry forwards, Total</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in first year.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Year One</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating loss carry forwards, 2024</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in second year.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Year Two</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating loss carry forwards, 2025</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in third year.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Year Three</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating loss carry forwards, 2026</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in fourth year.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Year Four</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating loss carry forwards, 2027</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in fifth year.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Year Five</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating loss carry forwards, 2028</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Additions</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount" xlink:label="niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount" xlink:to="niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of decrease in the valuation allowance for a specified deferred tax asset.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Decrease, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reduction</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors" xlink:to="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the period of statute of limitations for underpayment of taxes which is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Period Of Statute Of Limitations For Underpayment Of Taxes Due To Computational Errors</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Period of statute of limitations, if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount" xlink:to="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Period of statute of limitations, if the underpayment is more than RMB 100,000.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Period Of Statute Of Limitations For Underpayment Of Taxes More Than Specified Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Period of statute of limitations, if the underpayment is more than RMB 100,000</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears" xlink:label="niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears" xlink:to="niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the minimum amount of underpayment of taxes for statute of limitations to be extended to five years.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Minimum Amount Of Underpayment Of Taxes For Statute Of Limitation To Be Extended To Five Years</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Minimum amount of underpayment of taxes for statute of limitations to be extended to five years</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues" xlink:to="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the period of statute of limitations for transfer pricing issues.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Period Of Statute Of Limitations For Transfer Pricing Issues</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Period of statute of limitations for transfer pricing issues</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Diluted [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Numerator:</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted Average Number of Shares Issued, Basic</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">The sum of common shares or units used in the calculation of the basic per-share or per-unit computation.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted Average Number of Shares Equivalents Outstanding, Basic</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average number of ordinary shares equivalents outstanding</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions" xlink:label="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions" xlink:to="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Additional shares included in the calculation of diluted EPS as a result of the potentially dilutive effect of share based payment arrangements, outstanding share options.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Share-based Payment Arrangements, Outstanding Share Options</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Dilutive effect of outstanding share options</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits" xlink:label="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits" xlink:to="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Additional shares included in the calculation of diluted EPS as a result of the potentially dilutive effect of share based payment arrangements, unvested restricted share units.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Share-based Payment Arrangements, Unvested Restricted Share Units</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Dilutive effect of unvested restricted share units</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract" xlink:label="niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract" xlink:to="niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">n/a</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Net income (loss) per ordinary share</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Antidilutive Securities [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Antidilutive Securities, Name [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Antidilutive securities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Antidilutive securities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember" xlink:label="niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember" xlink:to="niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to electric scooter sales.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Electric scooter sales</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember" xlink:label="niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember" xlink:to="niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Represents the information pertaining to accessory and spare parts sales.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Accessory and spare parts sales</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_EuropeMember" xlink:label="srt_EuropeMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_EuropeMember" xlink:to="srt_EuropeMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_EuropeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Europe</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Cost</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease cost</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term Lease, Cost</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Short-term lease cost</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts" xlink:label="niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts" xlink:to="niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of Leasing Costs Other Than Operating and Short term Lease Costs.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Leasing Costs Other Than Operating and Short term Lease Costs</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Leasing costs other than operating leases costs and short-term lease</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating lease liabilities-current, financial statement location</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total operating lease liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Present value of lease liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Payments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Right-of-Use Asset Obtained in Exchange for Operating Lease Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PrepaidLandUseRight" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidLandUseRight" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_PrepaidLandUseRight" xlink:to="niu_PrepaidLandUseRight_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidLandUseRight_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of amounts paid in advance for land use right which will be charged against earnings in periods after one year or beyond the operating cycle, if longer.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidLandUseRight_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Prepaid Land Use Right</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidLandUseRight_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for prepayment for land use right</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities" xlink:label="niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities" xlink:to="niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount of increase in modification for operating lease liability.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Modification To Operating Lease Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Modification to right-of-use assets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average remaining lease term</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Weighted average discount rate</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Within 1 year</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Two</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">After 1 year but within 2 years</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Total undiscounted lease payment</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Undiscounted Excess Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">less: Imputed interest</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable" xlink:label="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable" xlink:to="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Balance Sheet Statement [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ParentCompanyMember" xlink:label="srt_ParentCompanyMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ParentCompanyMember" xlink:to="srt_ParentCompanyMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ParentCompanyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Parent Company</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Consolidation Items [Axis]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Consolidation Items [Domain]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" xlink:label="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" xlink:to="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Reportable Legal Entities</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:label="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Balance Sheets</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries" xlink:label="niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries" xlink:to="niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of investment in and amounts due from subsidiaries, consolidated Variable Interest Entities and Variable Interest Entity's subsidiaries.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment In And Amount Due From Subsidiaries, Consolidated Variable Interest Entities And Variable Interest Entity's Subsidiaries</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE's subsidiaries</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent" xlink:to="niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amounts due to subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities, due within 1 year (or 1 business cycle).</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Due To Subsidiaries And Variable Interest Entities, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Amount due to subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE's subsidiaries</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable" xlink:label="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable" xlink:to="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Income Statement [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ObligorGroupMember" xlink:label="srt_ObligorGroupMember" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ObligorGroupMember" xlink:to="srt_ObligorGroupMember_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ObligorGroupMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Obligor Group [Member]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" xlink:label="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Statement of Income Captions [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Statements of Results of Operations</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Income (Loss) from Subsidiaries, before Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Share of income (loss) from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE's subsidiaries</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable" xlink:label="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable" xlink:to="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Cash Flow Statement [Table]</label>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:label="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Cash Flow Statements, Captions [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">Condensed Statements of Cash Flows</label>
  </link:labelLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>13
<FILENAME>niu-20231231_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!--XBRL document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.2.5 -->
<!--Based on XBRL 2.1-->
<!--Created on: 4/24/2024 9:00:49 AM-->
<!--Modified on: 4/24/2024 9:00:49 AM-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeParenthetical" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeParenthetical" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquityParenthetical" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquityParenthetical" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivities" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShortTermInvestments" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestments" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureAccountsReceivableNet" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureInventories" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventories" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssets" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNet" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNet" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssets" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowings" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowings" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureNotesPayable" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayable" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilities" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilities" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOrdinaryShare" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShare" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShareBasedCompensation" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureFairValueMeasurement" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurement" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTax" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTax" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShare" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShare" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureRevenueInformation" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOperatingLeases" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeases" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingencies" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingencies" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformation" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformation" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureInventoriesTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureFairValueMeasurementTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureRevenueInformationTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOperatingLeasesTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationTables" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationTables" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesPrincipalTermsOfVieAgreementsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesPrincipalTermsOfVieAgreementsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConvenienceTranslationDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConvenienceTranslationDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesLeasesImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesLeasesImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesContractBalancesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesContractBalancesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSellingAndMarketingExpensesGovernmentGrantsEmployeeBenefitsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSellingAndMarketingExpensesGovernmentGrantsEmployeeBenefitsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSegmentReportingDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSegmentReportingDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesStatutoryReservesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesStatutoryReservesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetMovementOfAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetMovementOfAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureInventoriesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureNotesPayableDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMovementOfProvisionDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMovementOfProvisionDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxChangesInValuationAllowanceDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxChangesInValuationAllowanceDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxPrcTaxAdministrationAndCollectionLawDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxPrcTaxAdministrationAndCollectionLawDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOperatingLeasesSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSummaryDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00090 - Document - Document and Entity Information" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable_638495460456058868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationTable_638495460456058868" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460456058868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable_638495460456058868" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460456058868" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456058868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460456058868" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456058868" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AdrMember" xlink:label="dei_AdrMember_638495460456058868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456058868" xlink:to="dei_AdrMember_638495460456058868" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_638495460456058868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456058868" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_638495460456058868" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_638495460456058868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456058868" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_638495460456058868" order="3" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_638495460456058868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable_638495460456058868" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_638495460456058868" order="2" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain_638495460456058868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_638495460456058868" xlink:to="dei_AddressTypeDomain_638495460456058868" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_BusinessContactMember" xlink:label="dei_BusinessContactMember_638495460456058868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_AddressTypeDomain_638495460456058868" xlink:to="dei_BusinessContactMember_638495460456058868" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable_638495460456058868" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_638495460456068880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_638495460456068880" order="1" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_638495460456068880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_638495460456068880" order="2" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_638495460456068880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_638495460456068880" order="3" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_638495460456068880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_638495460456068880" order="4" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_638495460456068880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_638495460456068880" order="5" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_638495460456068880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_638495460456068880" order="6" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_638495460456068880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_638495460456068880" order="7" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_638495460456068880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_638495460456068880" order="8" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_638495460456068880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_638495460456068880" order="9" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_ContactPersonnelName" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelName_638495460456078903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_ContactPersonnelName_638495460456078903" order="10" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_638495460456078903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_638495460456078903" order="11" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_638495460456078903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_638495460456078903" order="12" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress_638495460456078903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress_638495460456078903" order="13" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_638495460456078903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_638495460456078903" order="14" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_638495460456078903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_638495460456078903" order="15" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_638495460456078903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_638495460456078903" order="16" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_638495460456078903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_638495460456078903" order="17" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_638495460456078903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_638495460456078903" order="18" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_638495460456088910" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_638495460456088910" order="19" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_638495460456088910" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_638495460456088910" order="20" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_638495460456088910" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_638495460456088910" order="21" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_638495460456088910" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_638495460456088910" order="22" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_638495460456088910" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_638495460456088910" order="23" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_638495460456088910" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_638495460456088910" order="24" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_638495460456098865" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_638495460456098865" order="25" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_638495460456098865" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_638495460456098865" order="26" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_638495460456098865" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_638495460456098865" order="27" use="optional" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_638495460456098865" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_638495460456098865" order="28" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_638495460456098865" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_638495460456098865" order="29" use="optional" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_638495460456098865" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_638495460456098865" order="30" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_638495460456098865" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_638495460456098865" order="31" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_638495460456108878" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_638495460456108878" order="32" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_638495460456108878" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_638495460456108878" order="33" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AuditorName" xlink:label="dei_AuditorName_638495460456108878" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_AuditorName_638495460456108878" order="34" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AuditorFirmId" xlink:label="dei_AuditorFirmId_638495460456108878" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_AuditorFirmId_638495460456108878" order="35" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AuditorLocation" xlink:label="dei_AuditorLocation_638495460456108878" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_AuditorLocation_638495460456108878" order="36" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_638495460456108878" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_638495460456108878" order="37" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" xlink:label="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_638495460456118876" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_638495460456068880" xlink:to="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_638495460456118876" order="38" use="optional" priority="2" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00100 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456118876" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456118876" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460456118876" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456118876" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460456118876" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456118876" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460456118876" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456118876" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_638495460456118876" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456118876" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_638495460456118876" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_638495460456128596" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456118876" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_638495460456128596" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456128596" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456118876" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456128596" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_638495460456128596" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_638495460456128596" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460456128596" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460456128596" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638495460456128596" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638495460456128596" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent_638495460456128596" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460456128596" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent_638495460456128596" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460456128596" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460456128596" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_638495460456128596" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_638495460456128596" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_638495460456128596" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_638495460456128596" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_638495460456128596" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet_638495460456128596" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_638495460456128596" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_638495460456128596" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460456138976" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460456138976" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456138976" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456138976" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent_638495460456138976" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456138976" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent_638495460456138976" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_638495460456138976" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456138976" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_638495460456138976" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_638495460456138976" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456138976" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_638495460456138976" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_638495460456138976" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456138976" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_638495460456138976" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_638495460456138976" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456138976" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_638495460456138976" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_638495460456188870" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456138976" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_638495460456188870" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_638495460456188870" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456138976" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_638495460456188870" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_638495460456188870" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_638495460456188870" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_638495460456188870" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_638495460456188870" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460456188870" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_638495460456188870" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460456188870" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable_638495460456188870" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460456188870" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable_638495460456188870" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent_638495460456188870" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460456188870" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent_638495460456188870" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_638495460456198826" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460456188870" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_638495460456198826" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_638495460456198826" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460456188870" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_638495460456198826" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_638495460456198826" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460456188870" xlink:to="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_638495460456198826" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_638495460456198826" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460456188870" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_638495460456198826" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460456198826" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460456188870" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460456198826" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460456198826" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460456188870" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460456198826" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456198826" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_638495460456188870" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456198826" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460456208858" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456198826" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460456208858" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_638495460456208858" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456198826" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_638495460456208858" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460456208858" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456198826" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460456208858" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460456208858" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456198826" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460456208858" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460456208858" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_638495460456198826" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460456208858" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_638495460456208858" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_638495460456188870" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_638495460456208858" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_638495460456218896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_638495460456218896" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460456218896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460456218896" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_638495460456218896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460456218896" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_638495460456218896" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_638495460456218896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460456218896" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_638495460456218896" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_638495460456218896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460456218896" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_638495460456218896" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="9" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_638495460456218896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460456218896" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_638495460456218896" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="8" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638495460456229104" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460456218896" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638495460456229104" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_638495460456229104" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456128596" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_638495460456229104" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="6" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00105 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456238964" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456238964" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460456238964" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456238964" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460456238964" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460456238964" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460456238964" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460456238964" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_638495460456238964" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_638495460456238964" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460456238964" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460456238964" order="2" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456238964" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456238964" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_638495460456238964" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_638495460456238964" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_638495460456238964" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_638495460456238964" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" order="3" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable_638495460456248989" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable_638495460456248989" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent_638495460456248989" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent_638495460456248989" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_638495460456248989" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_638495460456248989" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_638495460456248989" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_638495460456248989" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_638495460456248989" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_638495460456248989" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_638495460456248989" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_638495460456248989" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460456248989" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460456248989" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460456248989" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460456248989" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_638495460456248989" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_638495460456248989" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460456248989" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460456248989" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460456248989" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460456248989" order="11" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_638495460456258918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_638495460456258918" order="12" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_638495460456258918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_638495460456258918" order="13" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_638495460456258918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_638495460456258918" order="14" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_638495460456258918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456238964" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_638495460456258918" order="15" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00200 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638495460456258918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638495460456258918" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_638495460456258918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_638495460456258918" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit_638495460456258918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_638495460456258918" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_638495460456258918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_638495460456258918" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense_638495460456268874" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_638495460456258918" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense_638495460456268874" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_638495460456268874" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_638495460456258918" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_638495460456268874" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_638495460456268874" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_638495460456258918" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_638495460456268874" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638495460456268874" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_638495460456258918" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638495460456268874" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_GovernmentGrants" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrants_638495460456268874" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_638495460456258918" xlink:to="niu_GovernmentGrants_638495460456268874" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_638495460456268874" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_638495460456258918" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_638495460456268874" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpense_638495460456268874" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpense_638495460456268874" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_638495460456268874" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_638495460456268874" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_638495460456268874" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_638495460456268874" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638495460456268874" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638495460456268874" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460456268874" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460456268874" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460456268874" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460456268874" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_638495460456279132" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_638495460456279132" order="11" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_638495460456279132" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_638495460456279132" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_638495460456279132" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax_638495460456279132" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_638495460456279132" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax_638495460456279132" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax_638495460456279132" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_638495460456279132" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax_638495460456279132" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_638495460456279132" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_638495460456279132" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_638495460456279132" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_638495460456279132" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_638495460456279132" order="12" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_638495460456279132" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_638495460456279132" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_638495460456279132" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_638495460456279132" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_638495460456279132" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_638495460456279132" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_638495460456288896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_638495460456288896" order="13" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_638495460456288896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_638495460456288896" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_638495460456288896" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_638495460456288896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_638495460456288896" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_638495460456288896" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeParenthetical" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00205 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_638495460456288896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_638495460456288896" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent_638495460456288896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent_638495460456288896" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax_638495460456288896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax_638495460456288896" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax_638495460456298881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax_638495460456298881" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00300 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456298881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456298881" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_638495460456298881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456298881" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_638495460456298881" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_638495460456298881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_638495460456298881" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_638495460456298881" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_638495460456298881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_638495460456298881" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_638495460456298881" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_638495460456298881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_638495460456298881" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_638495460456298881" order="3" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_638495460456298881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_638495460456298881" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_638495460456298881" order="4" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_638495460456298881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_638495460456298881" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_638495460456298881" order="5" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456298881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456298881" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456298881" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456298881" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638495460456308930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638495460456308930" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_638495460456308930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_638495460456308930" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460456308930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460456308930" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_638495460456308930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_638495460456308930" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax_638495460456308930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax_638495460456308930" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax_638495460456308930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax_638495460456308930" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" priority="8" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_638495460456308930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_638495460456308930" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions_638495460456308930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions_638495460456308930" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares" xlink:label="niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares_638495460456308930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" xlink:to="niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares_638495460456308930" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_6384954604563089301" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_6384954604563089301" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_638495460456318867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_638495460456308930" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_638495460456318867" order="11" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquityParenthetical" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00305 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent_638495460456318867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent_638495460456318867" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax_638495460456318867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax_638495460456318867" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax_638495460456318867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax_638495460456318867" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00400 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456318867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456318867" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_638495460456318867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456318867" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_638495460456318867" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456329404" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456318867" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456329404" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance" xlink:label="niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance_638495460456329404" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456329404" xlink:to="niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance_638495460456329404" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_638495460456329404" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456329404" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_638495460456329404" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_638495460456329404" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456329404" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_638495460456329404" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss_638495460456329404" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456329404" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss_638495460456329404" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_638495460456329404" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456329404" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_638495460456329404" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized_638495460456329404" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456329404" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized_638495460456329404" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460456329404" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456329404" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460456329404" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_638495460456329404" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456329404" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_638495460456329404" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_638495460456329404" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456329404" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_638495460456329404" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456318867" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_638495460456338979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_638495460456338979" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_638495460456338979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_638495460456338979" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_638495460456338979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_638495460456338979" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_638495460456338979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_638495460456338979" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_638495460456338979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_638495460456338979" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers" xlink:label="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers_638495460456338979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" xlink:to="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers_638495460456338979" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_638495460456338979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_638495460456338979" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities_638495460456349023" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities_638495460456349023" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable_638495460456349023" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable_638495460456349023" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_638495460456349023" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_638495460456349023" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_638495460456349023" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_638495460456349023" order="11" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities" xlink:label="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities_638495460456349023" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_638495460456338979" xlink:to="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities_638495460456349023" order="12" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460456349023" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456318867" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460456349023" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456359292" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456359292" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460456359292" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456359292" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460456359292" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits" xlink:label="niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits_638495460456359292" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456359292" xlink:to="niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits_638495460456359292" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits" xlink:label="niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits_638495460456359292" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456359292" xlink:to="niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits_638495460456359292" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_638495460456359292" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456359292" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_638495460456359292" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments_638495460456359292" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456359292" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments_638495460456359292" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi_638495460456368932" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456359292" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi_638495460456368932" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities_638495460456368932" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456359292" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities_638495460456368932" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460456368932" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456359292" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460456368932" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456368932" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456368932" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_638495460456368932" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456368932" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_638495460456368932" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt_638495460456368932" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456368932" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt_638495460456368932" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_638495460456368932" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456368932" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_638495460456368932" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638495460456378953" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_638495460456368932" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638495460456378953" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_638495460456378953" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_638495460456378953" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_638495460456378953" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_638495460456378953" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_638495460456378953" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_638495460456378953" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_6384954604563789531" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_6384954604563789531" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_638495460456388979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_638495460456388979" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_638495460456388979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_638495460456388979" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_638495460456388979" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_638495460456388979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_638495460456388979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_638495460456388979" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid_638495460456388979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_638495460456388979" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid_638495460456388979" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1_638495460456388979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_638495460456388979" xlink:to="us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1_638495460456388979" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivities" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="10101 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_638495460456398930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_638495460456398930" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="10201 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_638495460456398930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_638495460456398930" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestments" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="10301 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456398930" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456398930" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNet" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="10401 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456408896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456408896" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventories" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="10501 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456408896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456408896" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssets" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="10601 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456408896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456408896" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="10701 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456418942" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456418942" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="10801 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456418942" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456418942" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssets" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="10901 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock_638495460456418942" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock_638495460456418942" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowings" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="11001 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock_638495460456428951" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock_638495460456428951" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayable" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="11101 - Disclosure - NOTES PAYABLE" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_NotesPayableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_NotesPayableTextBlock_638495460456428951" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract" xlink:to="niu_NotesPayableTextBlock_638495460456428951" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="11201 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock_638495460456439178" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock_638495460456439178" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilities" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="11301 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456439178" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456439178" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShare" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="11401 - Disclosure - ORDINARY SHARE" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456439178" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456439178" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensation" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="11501 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_636827295945985954" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_638495460456449069" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_636827295945985954" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_638495460456449069" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurement" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="11601 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_638495460456449069" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_638495460456449069" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTax" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="11701 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456458931" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456458931" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShare" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="11801 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_638495460456458931" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_638495460456458931" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformation" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="11901 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_638495460456468992" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_638495460456468992" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeases" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="12001 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LeasesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_638495460456468992" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_638495460456468992" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="12101 - Disclosure - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456468992" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456468992" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformation" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="12201 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456479186" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456479186" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="20202 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456479186" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456479186" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_638495460456479186" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_638495460456479186" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:label="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_638495460456488963" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_638495460456488963" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_638495460456488963" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_638495460456488963" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" order="11" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy_638495460456488963" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy_638495460456488963" order="12" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456488963" order="13" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" order="14" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" order="15" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" order="16" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" order="17" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" order="18" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies" xlink:label="us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies_638495460456498880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies_638495460456498880" order="19" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock_638495460456498880" order="21" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456508895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456508895" order="22" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_638495460456508895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_638495460456508895" order="23" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_638495460456508895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_638495460456508895" order="24" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_638495460456508895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_638495460456508895" order="25" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy_638495460456508895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy_638495460456508895" order="26" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_638495460456508895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_638495460456508895" order="27" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_638495460456518597" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_638495460456518597" order="28" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_638495460456518597" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_638495460456518597" order="29" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_638495460456518597" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_638495460456518597" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456518597" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456518597" order="31" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456518597" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456518597" order="32" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456518597" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_638495460456518597" order="33" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="30103 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock_638495460456528903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock_638495460456528903" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="30203 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_638495460456528903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_638495460456528903" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock_638495460456528903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock_638495460456528903" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_638495460456528903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_638495460456528903" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock_638495460456528903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock_638495460456528903" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_638495460456539106" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_638495460456539106" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock_638495460456539106" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock_638495460456539106" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="30303 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_638495460456539106" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_638495460456539106" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="30403 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_638495460456548597" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_638495460456548597" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock_638495460456548597" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock_638495460456548597" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="30503 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock_638495460456548597" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock_638495460456548597" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="30603 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456548597" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_638495460456548597" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="30703 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_638495460456559087" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_638495460456559087" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock_638495460456559087" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock_638495460456559087" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="30803 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_638495460456559087" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_638495460456559087" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock_638495460456559087" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock_638495460456559087" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="6" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="30903 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock_638495460456568877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock_638495460456568877" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="31003 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_638495460456568877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_638495460456568877" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="31203 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_638495460456578881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_638495460456578881" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock_638495460456578881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock_638495460456578881" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="31303 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_638495460456588569" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_638495460456588569" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="31503 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_636827295945985954" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456588569" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_636827295945985954" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456588569" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_638495460456588569" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456588569" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_638495460456588569" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460456588569" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_638495460456588569" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460456588569" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_638495460456588569" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460456588569" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_638495460456588569" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_638495460456588569" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460456588569" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_638495460456588569" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456588569" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456588569" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456588569" order="2" use="optional" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_638495460456588569" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456588569" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_638495460456588569" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock_638495460456588569" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456588569" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock_638495460456588569" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock_638495460456588569" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456588569" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock_638495460456588569" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="31603 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_638495460456598970" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_638495460456598970" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="31703 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock_638495460456598970" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock_638495460456598970" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_638495460456608988" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_638495460456608988" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_638495460456608988" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_638495460456608988" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_638495460456608988" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_638495460456608988" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_638495460456608988" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_638495460456608988" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="31803 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_638495460456608988" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_638495460456608988" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_638495460456608988" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_638495460456608988" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="31903 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_638495460456618999" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_638495460456618999" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_638495460456618999" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_638495460456618999" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="32003 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LeasesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock" xlink:label="niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock_638495460456618999" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_2" xlink:to="niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock_638495460456618999" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_638495460456628918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_2" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_638495460456628918" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationTables" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="32203 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Tables)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_638495460456628918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_638495460456628918" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_638495460456628918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_638495460456628918" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock_638495460456628918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock_638495460456628918" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesPrincipalTermsOfVieAgreementsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40101 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Principal terms of VIE Agreements (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement" xlink:label="niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement_638495460456639068" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement_638495460456639068" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" xlink:label="niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement_638495460456639068" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement_638495460456639068" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement" xlink:label="niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement_638495460456639068" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement_638495460456639068" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40102 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Group's VIE information (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable_638495460456639068" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable_638495460456639068" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460456639068" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable_638495460456639068" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460456639068" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460456648867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460456639068" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460456648867" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_638495460456648867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_638495460456648867" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable_638495460456639068" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Cash" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_638495460456648867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_638495460456648867" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks_638495460456648867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks_638495460456648867" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460456648867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460456648867" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_638495460456648867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_638495460456648867" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_638495460456648867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_638495460456648867" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_638495460456648867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet_638495460456648867" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_638495460456648867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_638495460456648867" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_InterCompanyReceivables" xlink:label="niu_InterCompanyReceivables_638495460456648867" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="niu_InterCompanyReceivables_638495460456648867" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460456658950" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460456658950" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent_638495460456658950" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent_638495460456658950" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_638495460456658950" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_638495460456658950" order="11" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_638495460456658950" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_638495460456658950" order="12" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_638495460456658950" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_638495460456658950" order="13" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_638495460456658950" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_638495460456658950" order="14" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_638495460456658950" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_638495460456658950" order="15" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_638495460456658950" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_638495460456658950" order="16" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable_638495460456669074" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable_638495460456669074" order="17" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent_638495460456669074" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent_638495460456669074" order="18" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_638495460456669074" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_638495460456669074" order="19" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_InterCompanyPayables" xlink:label="niu_InterCompanyPayables_638495460456669074" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="niu_InterCompanyPayables_638495460456669074" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_638495460456669074" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_638495460456669074" order="21" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_638495460456678929" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_638495460456678929" order="22" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_638495460456678929" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_638495460456678929" order="23" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460456678929" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460456678929" order="24" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460456678929" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460456678929" order="25" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460456678929" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460456678929" order="26" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_638495460456688960" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_638495460456688960" order="27" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460456688960" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460456688960" order="28" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460456688960" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460456688960" order="29" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_638495460456688960" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_638495460456688960" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638495460456688960" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638495460456688960" order="31" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460456699587" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460456699587" order="32" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460456699587" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460456699587" order="33" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460456699587" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460456699587" order="34" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638495460456699587" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638495460456699587" order="35" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_638495460456699587" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_638495460456699587" order="36" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_638495460456708609" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_638495460456708609" order="37" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_638495460456708609" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_638495460456708609" order="38" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_6384954604567086091" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems_638495460456648867" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_6384954604567086091" order="39" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConvenienceTranslationDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40201 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Convenience translation (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_638495460456718898" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_638495460456718898" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40202 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Cash and cash equivalents (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable_638495460456718898" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable_638495460456718898" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_638495460456718898" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable_638495460456718898" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_638495460456718898" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460456718898" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_638495460456718898" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460456718898" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_CN" xlink:label="country_CN_638495460456718898" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460456718898" xlink:to="country_CN_638495460456718898" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="country_US_638495460456728908" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460456718898" xlink:to="country_US_638495460456728908" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_HK" xlink:label="country_HK_638495460456728908" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460456718898" xlink:to="country_HK_638495460456728908" order="3" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OtherCountriesMember" xlink:label="niu_OtherCountriesMember_638495460456728908" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460456718898" xlink:to="niu_OtherCountriesMember_638495460456728908" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CurrencyAxis" xlink:label="srt_CurrencyAxis_638495460456728908" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable_638495460456718898" xlink:to="srt_CurrencyAxis_638495460456728908" order="2" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:label="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_638495460456728908" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CurrencyAxis_638495460456728908" xlink:to="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_638495460456728908" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_EUR" xlink:label="currency_EUR_638495460456728908" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_638495460456728908" xlink:to="currency_EUR_638495460456728908" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_CNY" xlink:label="currency_CNY_638495460456728908" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_638495460456728908" xlink:to="currency_CNY_638495460456728908" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_GBP" xlink:label="currency_GBP_638495460456728908" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_638495460456728908" xlink:to="currency_GBP_638495460456728908" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_HKD" xlink:label="currency_HKD_638495460456728908" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_638495460456728908" xlink:to="currency_HKD_638495460456728908" order="4" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_USD" xlink:label="currency_USD_638495460456728908" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_638495460456728908" xlink:to="currency_USD_638495460456728908" order="5" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_638495460456728908" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable_638495460456718898" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_638495460456728908" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember_638495460456738995" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_638495460456728908" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember_638495460456738995" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_638495460456738995" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember_638495460456738995" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_638495460456738995" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_638495460456738995" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable_638495460456718898" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_638495460456738995" order="4" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember_638495460456738995" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis_638495460456738995" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember_638495460456738995" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_638495460456738995" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember_638495460456738995" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_638495460456738995" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems_638495460456738995" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable_638495460456718898" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems_638495460456738995" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Cash" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_638495460456738995" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems_638495460456738995" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_638495460456738995" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks_638495460456738995" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems_638495460456738995" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks_638495460456738995" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits" xlink:label="us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits_638495460456748889" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems_638495460456738995" xlink:to="us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits_638495460456748889" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40203 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Term Deposits (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456758905" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_2" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456758905" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CurrencyAxis" xlink:label="srt_CurrencyAxis_638495460456758905" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456758905" xlink:to="srt_CurrencyAxis_638495460456758905" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_AllCurrenciesDomain" xlink:label="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_638495460456758905" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CurrencyAxis_638495460456758905" xlink:to="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_638495460456758905" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_CNY" xlink:label="currency_CNY_638495460456758905" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_638495460456758905" xlink:to="currency_CNY_638495460456758905" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd#currency_USD" xlink:label="currency_USD_638495460456758905" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="currency_AllCurrenciesDomain_638495460456758905" xlink:to="currency_USD_638495460456758905" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456758905" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable_638495460456758905" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456758905" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks_638495460456758905" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456758905" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks_638495460456758905" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent_638495460456758905" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456758905" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent_638495460456758905" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent_638495460456758905" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_638495460456758905" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent_638495460456758905" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40204 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Restricted cash (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract_638495460456768949" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract_638495460456768949" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638495460456768949" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract_638495460456768949" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638495460456768949" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460456768949" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract_638495460456768949" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460456768949" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_638495460456768949" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract_638495460456768949" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_638495460456768949" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40205 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Short-term investments (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable_638495460456768949" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable_638495460456768949" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_638495460456768949" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable_638495460456768949" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_638495460456768949" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember_638495460456768949" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_638495460456768949" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember_638495460456768949" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_638495460456768949" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember_638495460456768949" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_638495460456768949" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems_638495460456778903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable_638495460456768949" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems_638495460456778903" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_638495460456778903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems_638495460456778903" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_638495460456778903" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_638495460456778903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems_638495460456778903" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_638495460456778903" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40206 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Property, plant and equipment, net (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460456778903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460456778903" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_638495460456778903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460456778903" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_638495460456778903" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460456778903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_638495460456778903" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460456778903" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BuildingMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingMember_638495460456778903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460456778903" xlink:to="us-gaap_BuildingMember_638495460456778903" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_638495460456778903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460456778903" xlink:to="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_638495460456778903" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_638495460456778903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460456778903" xlink:to="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_638495460456778903" order="3" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_638495460456788918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460456778903" xlink:to="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_638495460456788918" order="4" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VehiclesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VehiclesMember_638495460456788918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460456778903" xlink:to="us-gaap_VehiclesMember_638495460456788918" order="5" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_638495460456788918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460456778903" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_638495460456788918" order="2" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember_638495460456788918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis_638495460456788918" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember_638495460456788918" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_638495460456788918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember_638495460456788918" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_638495460456788918" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_638495460456788918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember_638495460456788918" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_638495460456788918" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_638495460456788918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460456778903" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_638495460456788918" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_638495460456788918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_638495460456788918" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_638495460456788918" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesLeasesImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40207 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Leases, Impairment of Long-lived Assets (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife" xlink:label="niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife_638495460456798892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife_638495460456798892" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract_638495460456798892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract_638495460456798892" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived_638495460456798892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract_638495460456798892" xlink:to="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived_638495460456798892" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40208 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Value added taxes, Revenue recognition (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_638495460456798892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_638495460456798892" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_638495460456798892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_638495460456798892" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_638495460456798892" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember_638495460456798892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis_638495460456798892" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember_638495460456798892" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_638495460456809239" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember_638495460456798892" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_638495460456809239" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_638495460456809239" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember_638495460456798892" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_638495460456809239" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_638495460456809239" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_638495460456798892" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_638495460456809239" order="2" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460456809239" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_638495460456809239" xlink:to="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460456809239" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_638495460456809239" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460456809239" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_638495460456809239" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductMember_638495460456809239" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460456809239" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductMember_638495460456809239" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ServiceMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ServiceMember_638495460456809239" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460456809239" xlink:to="us-gaap_ServiceMember_638495460456809239" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_638495460456809239" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_638495460456798892" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_638495460456809239" order="3" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems_638495460456809239" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_638495460456798892" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems_638495460456809239" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract_638495460456809239" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems_638495460456809239" xlink:to="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract_638495460456809239" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent" xlink:label="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent_638495460456819011" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract_638495460456809239" xlink:to="niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent_638495460456819011" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract_638495460456888905" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems_638495460456809239" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract_638495460456888905" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm" xlink:label="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm_638495460456888905" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract_638495460456888905" xlink:to="niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm_638495460456888905" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_638495460456888905" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract_638495460456888905" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_638495460456888905" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod" xlink:label="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod_638495460456898972" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract_638495460456888905" xlink:to="niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod_638495460456898972" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_638495460456898972" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract_638495460456888905" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_638495460456898972" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_638495460456898972" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract_638495460456888905" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_638495460456898972" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesContractBalancesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40209 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Contract Balances (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_637227765355896311" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract_638495460456898972" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_637227765355896311" xlink:to="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract_638495460456898972" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_638495460456898972" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract_638495460456898972" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_638495460456898972" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat" xlink:label="niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat_638495460456898972" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract_638495460456898972" xlink:to="niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat_638495460456898972" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance" xlink:label="niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance_638495460456908877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract_638495460456898972" xlink:to="niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance_638495460456908877" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_638495460456908877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract_638495460456898972" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_638495460456908877" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_638495460456908877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract_638495460456898972" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_638495460456908877" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" priority="5" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSellingAndMarketingExpensesGovernmentGrantsEmployeeBenefitsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40210 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Selling and Marketing Expenses, Government Grants, Employee Benefits (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense_638495460456908877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense_638495460456908877" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized_638495460456908877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized_638495460456908877" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_638495460456908877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_638495460456908877" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40211 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Concentration and risk (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable_638495460456918917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable_638495460456918917" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_638495460456918917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable_638495460456918917" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_638495460456918917" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_638495460456918917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_638495460456918917" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_638495460456918917" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_638495460456918917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_638495460456918917" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_638495460456918917" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_638495460456918917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_638495460456918917" xlink:to="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_638495460456918917" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_638495460456918917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_638495460456918917" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_638495460456918917" order="3" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerAdvancesMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_638495460456918917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_638495460456918917" xlink:to="niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_638495460456918917" order="4" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_638495460456918917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable_638495460456918917" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_638495460456918917" order="2" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_638495460456918917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_638495460456918917" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_638495460456918917" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_638495460456928996" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_638495460456918917" xlink:to="us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_638495460456928996" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_638495460456928996" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_638495460456918917" xlink:to="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_638495460456928996" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_638495460456928996" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable_638495460456918917" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_638495460456928996" order="3" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain_638495460456928996" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_638495460456928996" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain_638495460456928996" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_SupplierXMember" xlink:label="niu_SupplierXMember_638495460456928996" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain_638495460456928996" xlink:to="niu_SupplierXMember_638495460456928996" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_SupplierYMember" xlink:label="niu_SupplierYMember_638495460456928996" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain_638495460456928996" xlink:to="niu_SupplierYMember_638495460456928996" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MajorCustomersAxis" xlink:label="srt_MajorCustomersAxis_638495460456928996" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable_638495460456918917" xlink:to="srt_MajorCustomersAxis_638495460456928996" order="4" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" xlink:label="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_638495460456928996" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_MajorCustomersAxis_638495460456928996" xlink:to="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_638495460456928996" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerMember_638495460456928996" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_638495460456928996" xlink:to="niu_CustomerMember_638495460456928996" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerBMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerBMember_638495460456938969" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_638495460456928996" xlink:to="niu_CustomerBMember_638495460456938969" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerCMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerCMember_638495460456938969" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_638495460456928996" xlink:to="niu_CustomerCMember_638495460456938969" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CustomerDMember" xlink:label="niu_CustomerDMember_638495460456938969" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_638495460456928996" xlink:to="niu_CustomerDMember_638495460456938969" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_638495460456938969" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable_638495460456918917" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_638495460456938969" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638495460456938969" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_638495460456938969" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638495460456938969" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_638495460456938969" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_638495460456938969" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_638495460456938969" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_638495460456938969" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_638495460456938969" xlink:to="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_638495460456938969" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_638495460456938969" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_638495460456938969" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_638495460456938969" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_638495460456938969" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems_638495460456938969" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_638495460456938969" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSegmentReportingDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40212 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Segment Reporting (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments_638495460456948899" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments_638495460456948899" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesStatutoryReservesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40213 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Statutory Reserves (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax" xlink:label="niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax_638495460456958903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax_638495460456958903" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital" xlink:label="niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital_638495460456958903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital_638495460456958903" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves" xlink:label="niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves_638495460456958903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves_638495460456958903" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40301 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_638495460456958903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_638495460456958903" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_638495460456958903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_638495460456958903" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_638495460456958903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_638495460456958903" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_638495460456958903" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_638495460456958903" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40401 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Summary (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_638495460456968894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_638495460456968894" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_638495460456968894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_638495460456968894" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_638495460456968894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_638495460456968894" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetMovementOfAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40402 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward_638495460456968894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward_638495460456968894" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_638495460456968894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward_638495460456968894" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_638495460456968894" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_638495460456978916" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward_638495460456968894" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_638495460456978916" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_638495460456978916" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward_638495460456968894" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_638495460456978916" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_638495460456978916" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward_638495460456968894" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_638495460456978916" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40501 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods_638495460456978916" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods_638495460456978916" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_638495460456978916" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_638495460456978916" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies_638495460456978916" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies_638495460456978916" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_638495460456978916" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet_638495460456978916" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_638495460456978916" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_638495460456978916" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40601 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes_638495460456988902" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes_638495460456988902" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Supplies" xlink:label="us-gaap_Supplies_638495460456988902" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_Supplies_638495460456988902" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivables" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_638495460456988902" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_638495460456988902" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent_638495460457004757" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent_638495460457004757" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable_638495460457004757" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_638495460457004757" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_638495460457004757" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40701 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Summary (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460457004757" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_638495460457004757" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460457004757" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_638495460457004757" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_638495460457004757" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BuildingMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingMember_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_BuildingMember_638495460457004757" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_638495460457004757" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_638495460457004757" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VehiclesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VehiclesMember_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_VehiclesMember_638495460457004757" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_638495460457004757" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_638495460457004757" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460457004757" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_638495460457004757" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40702 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Depreciation expense (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460457004757" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_638495460457004757" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457004757" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_638495460457004757" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_638495460457004757" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_638495460457004757" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_638495460457032599" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_638495460457032599" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_638495460457032599" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_638495460457032599" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_638495460457032599" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_638495460457004757" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_638495460457032599" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_638495460457032599" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_638495460457032599" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation_638495460457032599" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="5" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40801 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Summary (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_638495460457032599" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_638495460457032599" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_638495460457038890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_638495460457032599" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_638495460457038890" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_638495460457038890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_638495460457038890" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_638495460457038890" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_TrademarksMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_TrademarksMember_638495460457038890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_638495460457038890" xlink:to="us-gaap_TrademarksMember_638495460457038890" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_638495460457038890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_638495460457038890" xlink:to="us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_638495460457038890" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_638495460457038890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_638495460457038890" xlink:to="us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_638495460457038890" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_638495460457038890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_638495460457032599" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_638495460457038890" order="2" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember_638495460457038890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis_638495460457038890" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember_638495460457038890" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_638495460457038890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember_638495460457038890" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_638495460457038890" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_638495460457038890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember_638495460457038890" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_638495460457038890" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_638495460457038890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_638495460457032599" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_638495460457038890" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_638495460457038890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_638495460457038890" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_638495460457038890" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_638495460457038890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_638495460457038890" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_638495460457038890" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="7" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_638495460457048868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_638495460457038890" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_638495460457048868" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="9" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_638495460457048868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_638495460457038890" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_638495460457048868" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40802 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Amortization expense on intangible assets (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_638495460457048868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_638495460457048868" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_638495460457048868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_638495460457048868" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_638495460457048868" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457048868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_638495460457048868" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457048868" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_638495460457048868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457048868" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_638495460457048868" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_638495460457048868" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457048868" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_638495460457048868" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_638495460457058892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_638495460457048868" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_638495460457058892" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_638495460457058892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_638495460457058892" xlink:to="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_638495460457058892" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract_638495460457058892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems_638495460457058892" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract_638495460457058892" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths_638495460457058892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract_638495460457058892" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths_638495460457058892" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo_638495460457058892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract_638495460457058892" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo_638495460457058892" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_638495460457058892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract_638495460457058892" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_638495460457058892" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour_638495460457058892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract_638495460457058892" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour_638495460457058892" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive_638495460457058892" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract_638495460457058892" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive_638495460457058892" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40901 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract_636913241126089949" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity_638495460457068912" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract_636913241126089949" xlink:to="niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity_638495460457068912" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SecurityDeposit" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit_638495460457068912" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract_636913241126089949" xlink:to="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit_638495460457068912" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460457068912" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract_636913241126089949" xlink:to="niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460457068912" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent_638495460457068912" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract_636913241126089949" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent_638495460457068912" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_638495460457068912" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract_636913241126089949" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_638495460457068912" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41001 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_638495460457068912" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_638495460457068912" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_638495460457068912" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_638495460457068912" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_638495460457068912" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_638495460457068912" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_638495460457068912" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_638495460457068912" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_638495460457068912" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_638495460457068912" xlink:to="us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_638495460457068912" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" xlink:label="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_638495460457068912" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_638495460457068912" xlink:to="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_638495460457068912" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_638495460457078877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_638495460457068912" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_638495460457078877" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_638495460457078877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_638495460457078877" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_638495460457078877" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember" xlink:label="niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_638495460457078877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_638495460457078877" xlink:to="niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_638495460457078877" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_638495460457078877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_638495460457068912" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_638495460457078877" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_638495460457078877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_638495460457078877" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_638495460457078877" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" xlink:label="niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_638495460457078877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_638495460457078877" xlink:to="niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_638495460457078877" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember" xlink:label="niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_638495460457078877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_638495460457078877" xlink:to="niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_638495460457078877" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_638495460457078877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_638495460457068912" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_638495460457078877" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember_638495460457078877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis_638495460457078877" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember_638495460457078877" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_638495460457088872" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember_638495460457078877" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_638495460457088872" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_638495460457068912" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_638495460457088872" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_638495460457088872" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_638495460457088872" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_638495460457088872" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_638495460457088872" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_638495460457088872" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="7" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_638495460457088872" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_638495460457088872" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod_638495460457088872" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod_638495460457088872" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_638495460457088872" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_638495460457088872" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_638495460457088872" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_638495460457088872" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities_638495460457098881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities_638495460457098881" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent_638495460457098881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent_638495460457098881" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460457098881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460457098881" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate_638495460457098881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate_638495460457098881" order="11" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount_638495460457098881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount_638495460457098881" order="12" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_638495460457098881" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457088872" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_638495460457098881" order="13" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41101 - Disclosure - NOTES PAYABLE (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_638495460457108987" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_638495460457108987" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_638495460457108987" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_638495460457108987" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_638495460457108987" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain_638495460457108987" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_638495460457108987" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain_638495460457108987" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_638495460457108987" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain_638495460457108987" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_638495460457108987" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_638495460457108987" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_638495460457108987" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_638495460457108987" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_638495460457108987" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_638495460457108987" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_638495460457108987" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember" xlink:label="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_638495460457108987" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_638495460457108987" xlink:to="niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_638495460457108987" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457108987" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_638495460457108987" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457108987" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_638495460457118917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457108987" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_638495460457118917" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_638495460457118917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457108987" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_638495460457118917" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount_638495460457118917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_638495460457108987" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount_638495460457118917" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41201 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Summary (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent_638495460457118917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent_638495460457118917" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent_638495460457118917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent_638495460457118917" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460457118917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460457118917" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent_638495460457118917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent_638495460457118917" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent_638495460457118917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent_638495460457118917" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638495460457129055" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638495460457129055" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent_638495460457129055" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent_638495460457129055" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent_638495460457129055" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent_638495460457129055" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_638495460457129055" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_638495460457129055" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther" xlink:label="niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther_638495460457129055" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther_638495460457129055" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460457129055" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460457129055" order="11" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="6" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41202 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Warranty terms (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable_638495460457129055" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable_638495460457129055" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_638495460457129055" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable_638495460457129055" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_638495460457129055" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember_638495460457138907" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis_638495460457129055" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember_638495460457138907" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_638495460457138907" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember_638495460457138907" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_638495460457138907" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_638495460457138907" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember_638495460457138907" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_638495460457138907" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_638495460457138907" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable_638495460457129055" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_638495460457138907" order="2" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460457138907" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_638495460457138907" xlink:to="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460457138907" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember_638495460457138907" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460457138907" xlink:to="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember_638495460457138907" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_638495460457138907" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember_638495460457138907" xlink:to="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_638495460457138907" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember" xlink:label="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember_638495460457138907" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember_638495460457138907" xlink:to="niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember_638495460457138907" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_SmartElectricScootersMember" xlink:label="niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_638495460457138907" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460457138907" xlink:to="niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_638495460457138907" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember" xlink:label="niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_638495460457138907" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460457138907" xlink:to="niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_638495460457138907" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems_638495460457138907" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable_638495460457129055" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems_638495460457138907" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm" xlink:label="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm_638495460457149012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems_638495460457138907" xlink:to="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm_638495460457149012" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty" xlink:label="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty_638495460457149012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems_638495460457138907" xlink:to="niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty_638495460457149012" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMovementOfProvisionDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41203 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Movement of provision (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward_638495460457149012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward_638495460457149012" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual_638495460457149012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward_638495460457149012" xlink:to="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual_638495460457149012" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued_638495460457149012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward_638495460457149012" xlink:to="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued_638495460457149012" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments_638495460457149012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward_638495460457149012" xlink:to="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments_638495460457149012" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration" xlink:label="niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration_638495460457158927" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward_638495460457149012" xlink:to="niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration_638495460457158927" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual" xlink:label="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual_638495460457158927" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward_638495460457149012" xlink:to="us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual_638495460457158927" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41301 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent_638495460457158927" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent_638495460457158927" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent" xlink:label="niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent_638495460457158927" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent_638495460457158927" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460457158927" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460457158927" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460457158927" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460457158927" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41401 - Disclosure - ORDINARY SHARE (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_638495460457169012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_638495460457169012" order="1" use="optional" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460457169012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_638495460457169012" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460457169012" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460457169012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460457169012" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460457169012" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_638495460457169012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460457169012" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_638495460457169012" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_638495460457169012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_638495460457169012" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_638495460457169012" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_638495460457169012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_638495460457169012" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_638495460457169012" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CommonClassOtherMember" xlink:label="niu_CommonClassOtherMember_638495460457169012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_638495460457169012" xlink:to="niu_CommonClassOtherMember_638495460457169012" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_638495460457169012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_638495460457169012" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_638495460457169012" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AuthorizedShareCapital" xlink:label="niu_AuthorizedShareCapital_638495460457169012" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_638495460457169012" xlink:to="niu_AuthorizedShareCapital_638495460457169012" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_638495460457178921" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_638495460457169012" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_638495460457178921" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_638495460457178921" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_638495460457169012" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_638495460457178921" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1_638495460457178921" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_638495460457169012" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1_638495460457178921" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_638495460457178921" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_638495460457169012" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_638495460457178921" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41501 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457178921" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457178921" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_638495460457178921" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457178921" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_638495460457178921" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_638495460457178921" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_638495460457178921" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_638495460457178921" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_638495460457178921" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_638495460457178921" xlink:to="niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_638495460457178921" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member" xlink:label="niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_638495460457188879" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_638495460457178921" xlink:to="niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_638495460457188879" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember" xlink:label="niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember_638495460457188879" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_638495460457178921" xlink:to="niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember_638495460457188879" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" xlink:label="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_638495460457188879" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_638495460457178921" xlink:to="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_638495460457188879" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_638495460457188879" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457178921" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_638495460457188879" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460457188879" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_638495460457188879" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460457188879" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_638495460457188879" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460457188879" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_638495460457188879" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_638495460457188879" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460457188879" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_638495460457188879" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VestingAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingAxis_638495460457188879" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457178921" xlink:to="us-gaap_VestingAxis_638495460457188879" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VestingDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_VestingDomain_638495460457188879" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VestingAxis_638495460457188879" xlink:to="us-gaap_VestingDomain_638495460457188879" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_638495460457188879" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VestingDomain_638495460457188879" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_638495460457188879" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_638495460457198922" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_VestingDomain_638495460457188879" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_638495460457198922" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457178921" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_638495460457198922" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_638495460457198922" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum_638495460457198922" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum_638495460457198922" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_638495460457198922" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_638495460457198922" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_638495460457198922" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_638495460457198922" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_638495460457198922" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_638495460457198922" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_638495460457198922" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_638495460457198922" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1_638495460457208885" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1_638495460457208885" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_638495460457208885" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_638495460457208885" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_638495460457208885" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_638495460457208885" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_638495460457208885" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_638495460457208885" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards" xlink:label="niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards_638495460457208885" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457198922" xlink:to="niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards_638495460457208885" order="11" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41502 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Share option activities (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457218883" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_2" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457218883" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_638495460457218883" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457218883" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_638495460457218883" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_638495460457218883" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_638495460457218883" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_638495460457218883" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember" xlink:label="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_638495460457218883" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_638495460457218883" xlink:to="niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_638495460457218883" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457218883" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457218883" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457218883" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_638495460457218883" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457218883" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_638495460457218883" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_638495460457218883" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_638495460457218883" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_638495460457218883" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_638495460457218883" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_638495460457218883" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_638495460457218883" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_638495460457218883" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_638495460457218883" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_638495460457218883" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod_638495460457228897" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_638495460457218883" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod_638495460457228897" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_638495460457228897" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_638495460457218883" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_638495460457228897" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_638495460457228897" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_638495460457218883" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_638495460457228897" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_638495460457228897" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457218883" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_638495460457228897" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_638495460457228897" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_638495460457228897" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_638495460457228897" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_638495460457228897" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_638495460457228897" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_638495460457228897" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_638495460457228897" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_638495460457228897" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_638495460457228897" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_6384954604572288971" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_638495460457228897" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_6384954604572288971" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_638495460457228897" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_638495460457228897" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_638495460457228897" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract_638495460457238927" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457218883" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract_638495460457238927" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_638495460457238927" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract_638495460457238927" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_638495460457238927" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_638495460457238927" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract_638495460457238927" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_638495460457238927" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_638495460457238927" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract_638495460457238927" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_638495460457238927" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_638495460457238927" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract_638495460457238927" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_638495460457238927" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41503 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Restricted share units activities (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457248914" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_4" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457248914" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_638495460457248914" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457248914" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_638495460457248914" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460457248914" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_638495460457248914" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460457248914" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_638495460457248914" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460457248914" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_638495460457248914" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457248914" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_638495460457248914" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457248914" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_638495460457248914" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457248914" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_638495460457248914" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_638495460457248914" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_638495460457248914" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_638495460457248914" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_638495460457248914" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_638495460457248914" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_638495460457248914" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_638495460457248914" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_638495460457248914" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_638495460457248914" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_638495460457248914" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_638495460457248914" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_638495460457248914" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_638495460457258886" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_638495460457248914" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_638495460457258886" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_638495460457258886" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_638495460457248914" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_638495460457258886" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_638495460457258886" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_638495460457258886" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_638495460457258886" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_638495460457258886" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_638495460457258886" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_638495460457258886" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_638495460457258886" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_638495460457258886" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_638495460457258886" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_638495460457258886" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_638495460457258886" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_638495460457258886" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_6384954604572588861" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_638495460457258886" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_6384954604572588861" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41504 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Compensation costs (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable_638495460457268900" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_3" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable_638495460457268900" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_638495460457268900" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable_638495460457268900" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_638495460457268900" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460457268900" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_638495460457268900" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460457268900" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_638495460457268900" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460457268900" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_638495460457268900" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_638495460457268900" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_638495460457268900" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_638495460457268900" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_638495460457268900" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable_638495460457268900" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_638495460457268900" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457268900" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_638495460457268900" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457268900" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_638495460457268900" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457268900" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_638495460457268900" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_638495460457268900" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457268900" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_638495460457268900" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_638495460457268900" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457268900" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_638495460457268900" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_638495460457278917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_638495460457268900" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_638495460457278917" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems_638495460457278917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable_638495460457268900" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems_638495460457278917" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_638495460457278917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems_638495460457278917" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_638495460457278917" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41601 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT - Fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_638495460457278917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_638495460457278917" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_638495460457278917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_638495460457278917" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_638495460457278917" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_638495460457278917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_638495460457278917" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_638495460457278917" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_638495460457278917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_638495460457278917" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_638495460457278917" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_638495460457288971" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_638495460457278917" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_638495460457288971" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_638495460457288971" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_638495460457288971" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_638495460457288971" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_638495460457288971" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_638495460457288971" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_638495460457288971" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure_638495460457288971" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_638495460457288971" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure_638495460457288971" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41701 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Summary (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncomeTaxesTable" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_638495460457288971" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_638495460457288971" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_638495460457288971" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_638495460457288971" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_638495460457288971" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457288971" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_638495460457288971" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457288971" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="country_US_638495460457288971" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457288971" xlink:to="country_US_638495460457288971" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_ID" xlink:label="country_ID_638495460457288971" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457288971" xlink:to="country_ID_638495460457288971" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_HK" xlink:label="country_HK_638495460457298882" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457288971" xlink:to="country_HK_638495460457298882" order="3" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_CN" xlink:label="country_CN_638495460457298882" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457288971" xlink:to="country_CN_638495460457298882" order="4" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_OwnershipAxis" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipAxis_638495460457298882" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_638495460457288971" xlink:to="srt_OwnershipAxis_638495460457298882" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_OwnershipDomain" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipDomain_638495460457298882" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_OwnershipAxis_638495460457298882" xlink:to="srt_OwnershipDomain_638495460457298882" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember" xlink:label="niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_638495460457298882" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_OwnershipDomain_638495460457298882" xlink:to="niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_638495460457298882" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_638495460457298882" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_638495460457288971" xlink:to="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_638495460457298882" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_638495460457298882" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_638495460457298882" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_638495460457298882" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScenarioForecastMember" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioForecastMember_638495460457298882" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_638495460457298882" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioForecastMember_638495460457298882" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:label="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_638495460457298882" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_638495460457288971" xlink:to="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_638495460457298882" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:label="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_638495460457308894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_638495460457298882" xlink:to="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_638495460457308894" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember" xlink:label="niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_638495460457308894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_638495460457308894" xlink:to="niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_638495460457308894" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457308894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_638495460457288971" xlink:to="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457308894" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent_638495460457308894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457308894" xlink:to="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent_638495460457308894" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_638495460457308894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457308894" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_638495460457308894" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_638495460457308894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457308894" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_638495460457308894" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime" xlink:label="niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime_638495460457308894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457308894" xlink:to="niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime_638495460457308894" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent_638495460457308894" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457308894" xlink:to="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent_638495460457308894" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41702 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Components of income (loss) before income taxes and withholding tax on undistributed dividends (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncomeTaxesTable" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_638495460457319154" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_638495460457319154" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_638495460457319154" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_638495460457319154" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_638495460457319154" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457319154" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_638495460457319154" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457319154" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_KY" xlink:label="country_KY_638495460457319154" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457319154" xlink:to="country_KY_638495460457319154" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_ID" xlink:label="country_ID_638495460457319154" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457319154" xlink:to="country_ID_638495460457319154" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_HK" xlink:label="country_HK_638495460457319154" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457319154" xlink:to="country_HK_638495460457319154" order="3" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_VG" xlink:label="country_VG_638495460457319154" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457319154" xlink:to="country_VG_638495460457319154" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember" xlink:label="niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember_638495460457319154" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457319154" xlink:to="niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember_638495460457319154" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember" xlink:label="niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_638495460457319154" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457319154" xlink:to="niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_638495460457319154" order="6" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems" xlink:label="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457328979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesTable_638495460457319154" xlink:to="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457328979" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638495460457328979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457328979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638495460457328979" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460457328979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457328979" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460457328979" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460457328979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457328979" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460457328979" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="7" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460457328979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457328979" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460457328979" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment" xlink:label="niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment_638495460457328979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457328979" xlink:to="niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment_638495460457328979" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate_638495460457328979" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems_638495460457328979" xlink:to="niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate_638495460457328979" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41703 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Reconciliation of differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_638495460457339082" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_638495460457339082" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_638495460457339082" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_638495460457339082" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch_638495460457339082" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch_638495460457339082" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost_638495460457339082" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost_638495460457339082" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther_638495460457339082" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther_638495460457339082" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference_638495460457339082" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" xlink:to="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference_638495460457339082" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_638495460457339082" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_638495460457339082" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_638495460457339082" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_638495460457339082" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460457339082" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460457339082" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" xlink:label="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare_638495460457339082" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" xlink:to="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare_638495460457339082" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare" xlink:label="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare_638495460457348877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_638495460457339082" xlink:to="niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare_638495460457348877" order="11" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41704 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_638495460457348877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_638495460457348877" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_638495460457348877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_638495460457348877" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_638495460457348877" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves_638495460457348877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_638495460457348877" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves_638495460457348877" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense" xlink:label="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense_638495460457348877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_638495460457348877" xlink:to="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense_638495460457348877" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome_638495460457348877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_638495460457348877" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome_638495460457348877" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_638495460457348877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_638495460457348877" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_638495460457348877" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities" xlink:label="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities_638495460457348877" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_638495460457348877" xlink:to="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities_638495460457348877" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory_638495460457358917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_638495460457348877" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory_638495460457358917" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_638495460457358917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_638495460457348877" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_638495460457358917" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_638495460457358917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract_638495460457348877" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_638495460457358917" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract_638495460457358917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract_638495460457358917" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements_638495460457358917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract_638495460457358917" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements_638495460457358917" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments_638495460457358917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract_638495460457358917" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments_638495460457358917" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460457358917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract_638495460457358917" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460457358917" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities_638495460457358917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract_638495460457358917" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities_638495460457358917" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="8" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_638495460457358917" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract_638495460457358917" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_638495460457358917" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities_638495460457368918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract_638495460457358917" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities_638495460457368918" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="5" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41705 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Operating loss carry forwards (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_638495460457368918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_638495460457368918" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="9" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne_638495460457368918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_638495460457368918" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne_638495460457368918" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo_638495460457368918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_638495460457368918" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo_638495460457368918" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree_638495460457368918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_638495460457368918" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree_638495460457368918" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour_638495460457368918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_638495460457368918" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour_638495460457368918" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive_638495460457368918" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_638495460457368918" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive_638495460457368918" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxChangesInValuationAllowanceDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41706 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Changes in valuation allowance (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_638495460457379087" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_638495460457379087" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_638495460457379087" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_638495460457379087" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount" xlink:label="niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount_638495460457379087" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount_638495460457379087" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_6384954604573790871" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_6384954604573790871" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxPrcTaxAdministrationAndCollectionLawDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41707 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors_638495460457388961" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors_638495460457388961" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount_638495460457388961" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount_638495460457388961" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears" xlink:label="niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears_638495460457388961" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears_638495460457388961" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues" xlink:label="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues_638495460457388961" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues_638495460457388961" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41801 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computation (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract_638495460457388961" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract_638495460457388961" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460457398906" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract_638495460457388961" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460457398906" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_638495460457398906" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_638495460457398906" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic_638495460457398906" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_638495460457398906" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic_638495460457398906" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic_638495460457398906" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_638495460457398906" xlink:to="niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic_638495460457398906" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_638495460457398906" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_638495460457398906" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions" xlink:label="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions_638495460457398906" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions_638495460457398906" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits" xlink:label="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits_638495460457398906" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits_638495460457398906" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_638495460457398906" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_638495460457398906" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract" xlink:label="niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract_638495460457398906" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract_638495460457398906" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_638495460457408939" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract_638495460457398906" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_638495460457408939" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_638495460457408939" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract_638495460457398906" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_638495460457408939" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41802 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Antidilutive securities (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_638495460457408939" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_638495460457408939" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_638495460457408939" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_638495460457408939" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_638495460457408939" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_638495460457408939" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_638495460457408939" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_638495460457408939" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_638495460457408939" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_638495460457408939" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_638495460457408939" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_638495460457408939" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_638495460457408939" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_638495460457408939" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_638495460457408939" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_638495460457408939" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_638495460457408939" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_638495460457418896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_638495460457408939" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_638495460457418896" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41901 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION - Disaggregation of revenue (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_638495460457418896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_638495460457418896" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_638495460457418896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_638495460457418896" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_638495460457418896" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460457418896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_638495460457418896" xlink:to="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460457418896" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember" xlink:label="niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_638495460457418896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460457418896" xlink:to="niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_638495460457418896" order="1" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember" xlink:label="niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_638495460457418896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460457418896" xlink:to="niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_638495460457418896" order="2" use="optional" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ServiceMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ServiceMember_638495460457418896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_638495460457418896" xlink:to="us-gaap_ServiceMember_638495460457418896" order="3" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_638495460457418896" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_638495460457418896" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_638495460457418896" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638495460457428895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_638495460457418896" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638495460457428895" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41902 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION - Revenues based on geographic areas (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_638495460457428895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_638495460457428895" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_638495460457428895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_638495460457428895" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_638495460457428895" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457428895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_638495460457428895" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457428895" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_CN" xlink:label="country_CN_638495460457428895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457428895" xlink:to="country_CN_638495460457428895" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_EuropeMember" xlink:label="srt_EuropeMember_638495460457428895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457428895" xlink:to="srt_EuropeMember_638495460457428895" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OtherCountriesMember" xlink:label="niu_OtherCountriesMember_638495460457428895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_638495460457428895" xlink:to="niu_OtherCountriesMember_638495460457428895" order="3" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_638495460457428895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_638495460457428895" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_638495460457428895" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638495460457428895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_638495460457428895" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638495460457428895" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="3" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="42001 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Summary (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LeasesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_638495460457438906" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_3" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_638495460457438906" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_638495460457438906" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_3" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_638495460457438906" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts" xlink:label="niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts_638495460457438906" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_3" xlink:to="niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts_638495460457438906" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="42002 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Supplemental information related to operating leases (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LeasesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_638495460457448901" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_4" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_638495460457448901" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638495460457448901" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_4" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638495460457448901" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_638495460457448901" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638495460457448901" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_638495460457448901" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460457448901" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_4" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460457448901" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_638495460457448901" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_4" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_638495460457448901" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_638495460457448901" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_4" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_638495460457448901" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_638495460457448901" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_4" xlink:to="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_638495460457448901" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PrepaidLandUseRight" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidLandUseRight_638495460457448901" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_4" xlink:to="niu_PrepaidLandUseRight_638495460457448901" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities" xlink:label="niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities_638495460457448901" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_4" xlink:to="niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities_638495460457448901" order="8" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_638495460457448901" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_4" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_638495460457448901" order="9" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_638495460457448901" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_4" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_638495460457448901" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="42003 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LeasesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_638495460457518893" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_5" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_638495460457518893" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_638495460457518893" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_5" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_638495460457518893" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_638495460457518893" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_5" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_638495460457518893" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_638495460457518893" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_5" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_638495460457518893" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_638495460457518893" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_5" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_638495460457518893" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="1" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="42201 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Balance Sheets (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable" xlink:label="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable_638495460457528875" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable_638495460457528875" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460457528875" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable_638495460457528875" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460457528875" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460457528875" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460457528875" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460457528875" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ParentCompanyMember" xlink:label="srt_ParentCompanyMember_638495460457528875" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460457528875" xlink:to="srt_ParentCompanyMember_638495460457528875" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_638495460457528875" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable_638495460457528875" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_638495460457528875" order="2" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_638495460457528875" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_638495460457528875" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_638495460457528875" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" xlink:label="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_638495460457528875" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_638495460457528875" xlink:to="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_638495460457528875" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460457528875" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable_638495460457528875" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460457528875" order="3" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460457528875" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_638495460457528875" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460457528875" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_638495460457528875" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460457528875" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_638495460457528875" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_638495460457528875" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_638495460457528875" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_638495460457528875" order="2" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:label="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457528875" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable_638495460457528875" xlink:to="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457528875" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_638495460457538895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457528875" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_638495460457538895" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460457538895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_638495460457538895" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460457538895" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638495460457538895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460457538895" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638495460457538895" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanks" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks_638495460457538895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460457538895" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanks_638495460457538895" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460457538895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460457538895" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460457538895" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="8" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_638495460457538895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460457538895" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_638495460457538895" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460457538895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_638495460457538895" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460457538895" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460457538895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_638495460457538895" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460457538895" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries" xlink:label="niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries_638495460457538895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460457538895" xlink:to="niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries_638495460457538895" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_638495460457538895" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460457538895" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_638495460457538895" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_638495460457548890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_638495460457538895" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_638495460457548890" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_638495460457548890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457528875" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_638495460457548890" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460457548890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_638495460457548890" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460457548890" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent_638495460457548890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460457548890" xlink:to="niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent_638495460457548890" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460457548890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460457548890" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460457548890" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_638495460457548890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_638495460457548890" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_638495460457548890" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460457548890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457528875" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460457548890" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_638495460457548890" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460457548890" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_638495460457548890" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_638495460457558940" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460457548890" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_638495460457558940" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_638495460457558940" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460457548890" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_638495460457558940" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_638495460457558940" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460457548890" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_638495460457558940" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638495460457558940" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_638495460457548890" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638495460457558940" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_638495460457558940" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457528875" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_638495460457558940" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="42202 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Statements of Results of Operations (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable" xlink:label="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable_638495460457568959" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable_638495460457568959" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460457568959" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable_638495460457568959" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460457568959" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460457568959" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460457568959" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460457568959" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ObligorGroupMember" xlink:label="srt_ObligorGroupMember_638495460457568959" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460457568959" xlink:to="srt_ObligorGroupMember_638495460457568959" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ParentCompanyMember" xlink:label="srt_ParentCompanyMember_638495460457568959" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ObligorGroupMember_638495460457568959" xlink:to="srt_ParentCompanyMember_638495460457568959" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_638495460457568959" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable_638495460457568959" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_638495460457568959" order="2" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_638495460457568959" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_638495460457568959" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_638495460457568959" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" xlink:label="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_638495460457568959" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_638495460457568959" xlink:to="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_638495460457568959" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems" xlink:label="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems_638495460457568959" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable_638495460457568959" xlink:to="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems_638495460457568959" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638495460457568959" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems_638495460457568959" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638495460457568959" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax_638495460457568959" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems_638495460457568959" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax_638495460457568959" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_638495460457578871" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems_638495460457568959" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_638495460457578871" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638495460457578871" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems_638495460457568959" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638495460457578871" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460457578871" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems_638495460457568959" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460457578871" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460457578871" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems_638495460457568959" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460457578871" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="42203 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed statements of cash flows (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable" xlink:label="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable_638495460457578871" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable_638495460457578871" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_638495460457578871" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable_638495460457578871" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_638495460457578871" order="1" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_638495460457578871" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_638495460457578871" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_638495460457578871" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember" xlink:label="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_638495460457578871" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_638495460457578871" xlink:to="srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_638495460457578871" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460457589171" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable_638495460457578871" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460457589171" order="2" use="optional" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460457589171" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_638495460457589171" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460457589171" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ParentCompanyMember" xlink:label="srt_ParentCompanyMember_638495460457589171" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain_638495460457589171" xlink:to="srt_ParentCompanyMember_638495460457589171" order="1" use="optional" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:label="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457589171" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable_638495460457578871" xlink:to="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457589171" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460457589171" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457589171" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460457589171" order="1" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460457589171" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457589171" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460457589171" order="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="6" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638495460457589171" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457589171" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638495460457589171" order="3" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_638495460457589171" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457589171" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_638495460457589171" order="4" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_638495460457589171" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457589171" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_638495460457589171" order="5" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" priority="5" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_638495460457589171" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457589171" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_638495460457589171" order="6" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_638495460457598871" />
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems_638495460457589171" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_638495460457598871" order="7" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" priority="4" />
  </presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>14
<FILENAME>niu-20231231_cal.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!--XBRL document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.6.2.5 -->
<!--Based on XBRL 2.1-->
<!--Created on: 4/24/2024 9:00:49 AM-->
<!--Modified on: 4/24/2024 9:00:49 AM-->
<link:linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance">
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureInventoriesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetailsCalc2" roleURI="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetailsCalc2" />
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00100 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460454348522" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460454348522" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638495460454348522" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460454348522" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638495460454348522" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent_638495460454348522" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460454348522" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent_638495460454348522" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460454348522" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460454348522" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460454348522" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_638495460454348522" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460454348522" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_638495460454348522" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_638495460454358528" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460454348522" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_638495460454358528" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_638495460454358528" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460454348522" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet_638495460454358528" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_638495460454358528" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638495460454348522" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_638495460454358528" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_638495460454358528" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_638495460454358528" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent" xlink:label="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent_638495460454358528" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_638495460454358528" xlink:to="niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent_638495460454358528" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_638495460454358528" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_638495460454358528" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_638495460454358528" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_638495460454358528" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_638495460454358528" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_638495460454358528" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_638495460454358528" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_638495460454358528" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_638495460454358528" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_638495460454368512" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_638495460454358528" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_638495460454368512" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_638495460454368512" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_638495460454358528" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_638495460454368512" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_638495460454368512" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_638495460454368512" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454368512" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities_638495460454368512" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454368512" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable_638495460454368512" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454368512" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable_638495460454368512" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent_638495460454368512" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454368512" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent_638495460454368512" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_638495460454378514" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454368512" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_638495460454378514" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_638495460454378514" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454368512" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_638495460454378514" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_638495460454378514" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454368512" xlink:to="niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent_638495460454378514" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_638495460454378514" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454368512" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_638495460454378514" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454378514" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454368512" xlink:to="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454378514" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460454378514" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities_638495460454368512" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460454378514" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_638495460454378514" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460454378514" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_638495460454378514" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460454388506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460454378514" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460454388506" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460454388506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460454378514" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460454388506" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460454388506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460454378514" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460454388506" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_638495460454388506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_638495460454388506" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638495460454388506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638495460454388506" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_638495460454388506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638495460454388506" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_638495460454388506" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_638495460454398505" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638495460454388506" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_638495460454398505" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_638495460454398505" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638495460454388506" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_638495460454398505" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_638495460454398505" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638495460454388506" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_638495460454398505" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00200 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460454408536" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460454408536" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638495460454408536" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638495460454408536" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_638495460454408536" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_638495460454408536" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit_638495460454408536" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_638495460454408536" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638495460454408536" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638495460454408536" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_638495460454408536" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_638495460454408536" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638495460454408536" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638495460454408536" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense_638495460454408536" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense_638495460454408536" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_638495460454418511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_638495460454418511" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_638495460454418511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_638495460454418511" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_GovernmentGrants" xlink:label="niu_GovernmentGrants_638495460454418511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_638495460454408536" xlink:to="niu_GovernmentGrants_638495460454418511" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpense_638495460454418511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpense_638495460454418511" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_638495460454418511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_638495460454418511" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_638495460454418511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_638495460454418511" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460454418511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638495460454408536" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460454418511" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_638495460454418511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_638495460454418511" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax_638495460454428511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax_638495460454428511" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax_638495460454428511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax_638495460454428511" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00400 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_638495460454428511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_638495460454428511" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance" xlink:label="niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance_638495460454428511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance_638495460454428511" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460454428511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460454428511" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_638495460454438516" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_638495460454438516" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_638495460454438516" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_638495460454438516" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss_638495460454438516" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss_638495460454438516" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_638495460454438516" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_638495460454438516" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_638495460454438516" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_638495460454438516" order="8" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized_638495460454438516" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized_638495460454438516" order="9" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_638495460454438516" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_638495460454438516" order="10" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_638495460454438516" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_638495460454438516" order="11" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_638495460454448506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_638495460454448506" order="12" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_638495460454448506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_638495460454448506" order="13" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_638495460454448506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_638495460454448506" order="14" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_638495460454448506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_638495460454448506" order="15" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers" xlink:label="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers_638495460454448506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers_638495460454448506" order="16" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_638495460454458517" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_638495460454458517" order="17" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities_638495460454458517" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities_638495460454458517" order="18" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_638495460454458517" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_638495460454458517" order="19" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable_638495460454458517" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable_638495460454458517" order="20" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_638495460454458517" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_638495460454458517" order="21" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities" xlink:label="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities_638495460454458517" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638495460454428511" xlink:to="niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities_638495460454458517" order="22" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460454458517" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460454458517" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460454468510" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460454458517" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460454468510" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities_638495460454468510" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460454458517" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities_638495460454468510" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits" xlink:label="niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits_638495460454468510" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460454458517" xlink:to="niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits_638495460454468510" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits" xlink:label="niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits_638495460454468510" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460454458517" xlink:to="niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits_638495460454468510" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_638495460454468510" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460454458517" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments_638495460454468510" order="5" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments_638495460454468510" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460454458517" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments_638495460454468510" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi_638495460454468510" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638495460454458517" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi_638495460454468510" order="7" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638495460454478506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638495460454478506" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt_638495460454478506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638495460454478506" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt_638495460454478506" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_638495460454478506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638495460454478506" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_638495460454478506" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_638495460454478506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638495460454478506" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_638495460454478506" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_638495460454478506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_638495460454478506" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40204 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Restricted cash (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638495460454488508" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638495460454488508" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460454488508" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_638495460454488508" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40301 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_638495460454488508" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_638495460454488508" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_638495460454488508" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_638495460454488508" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40401 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Summary (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_638495460454488508" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_638495460454488508" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_638495460454488508" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_638495460454488508" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40501 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies_638495460454498517" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies_638495460454498517" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_638495460454498517" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_638495460454498517" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods_638495460454498517" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods_638495460454498517" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40601 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Supplies" xlink:label="us-gaap_Supplies_638495460454498517" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_Supplies_638495460454498517" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes_638495460454498517" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes_638495460454498517" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent_638495460454508522" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent_638495460454508522" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable_638495460454508522" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable_638495460454508522" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivables" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_638495460454508522" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_638495460454508522" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent_638495460454508522" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent_638495460454508522" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_638495460454508522" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_638495460454508522" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40701 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Summary (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460454508522" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460454508522" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_638495460454508522" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_638495460454508522" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40801 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Summary (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_638495460454518519" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_638495460454518519" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_638495460454518519" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_638495460454518519" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40901 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity_638495460454518519" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity_638495460454518519" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SecurityDeposit" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit_638495460454518519" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit_638495460454518519" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460454518519" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460454518519" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent_638495460454518519" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent_638495460454518519" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41201 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Summary (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent_638495460454528511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent_638495460454528511" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent_638495460454528511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent_638495460454528511" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454528511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_638495460454528511" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent_638495460454528511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent_638495460454528511" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent_638495460454528511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent_638495460454528511" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent_638495460454528511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent_638495460454528511" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent" xlink:label="niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent_638495460454528511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent_638495460454528511" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638495460454528511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638495460454528511" order="8" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_638495460454528511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_638495460454528511" order="9" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther" xlink:label="niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther_638495460454538513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther_638495460454538513" order="10" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41301 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent_638495460454538513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent_638495460454538513" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent" xlink:label="niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent_638495460454538513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent_638495460454538513" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460454538513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent_638495460454538513" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41702 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Components of income (loss) before income taxes and withholding tax on undistributed dividends (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460454538513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460454538513" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460454538513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638495460454538513" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41703 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Reconciliation of differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_638495460454548513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_638495460454548513" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_638495460454548513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_638495460454548513" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch_638495460454548513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch_638495460454548513" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost_638495460454548513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost_638495460454548513" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther_638495460454548513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther_638495460454548513" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference" xlink:label="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference_638495460454548513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_1" xlink:to="niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference_638495460454548513" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_638495460454548513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_638495460454548513" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_638495460454548513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_638495460454548513" order="8" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41704 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_638495460454558513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_638495460454558513" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves_638495460454558513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves_638495460454558513" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome_638495460454558513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome_638495460454558513" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_638495460454558513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_638495460454558513" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory_638495460454558513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory_638495460454558513" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense" xlink:label="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense_638495460454558513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense_638495460454558513" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities" xlink:label="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities_638495460454558513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities_638495460454558513" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_638495460454558513" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_638495460454558513" order="8" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements_638495460454568506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements_638495460454568506" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments_638495460454568506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments_638495460454568506" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460454568506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638495460454568506" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41705 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Operating loss carry forwards (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive_638495460454568506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive_638495460454568506" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour_638495460454568506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour_638495460454568506" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne_638495460454568506" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne_638495460454568506" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree_638495460454578511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree_638495460454578511" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo" xlink:label="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo_638495460454578511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo_638495460454578511" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41801 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computation (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions" xlink:label="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions_638495460454578511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions_638495460454578511" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits" xlink:label="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits_638495460454578511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits_638495460454578511" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_638495460454578511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_638495460454578511" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd#niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic_638495460454578511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_638495460454578511" xlink:to="niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic_638495460454578511" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic_638495460454578511" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_638495460454578511" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic_638495460454578511" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="42002 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Supplemental information related to operating leases (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638495460454588515" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638495460454588515" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460454588515" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638495460454588515" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="42003 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_638495460454588515" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_638495460454588515" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_638495460454588515" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_638495460454588515" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetailsCalc2" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="42099 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details) (Calc2)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_638495460454598510" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_638495460454598510" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_638495460454598510" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_638495460454598510" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>15
<FILENAME>niu-20231231x20f001.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 niu-20231231x20f001.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! @   0 !  #_VP!#  ," @," @,# P,$ P,$!0@%!00$
M!0H'!P8(# H,# L*"PL-#A(0#0X1#@L+$!80$1,4%145# \7&!84&!(4%13_
MVP!# 0,$! 4$!0D%!0D4#0L-%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04
M%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!3_P  1" -S OD# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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MY_C0'S/2?^'7/P)_Z!FN?^#B:C_AUS\"?^@9KG_@XFKS;_AB[]J+_HY2\_\
M B\_QH_X8N_:B_Z.4O/_  (O/\: ^9Z3_P .N?@3_P! S7/_  <34?\ #KGX
M$_\ 0,US_P '$U>;?\,7?M1?]'*7G_@1>?XT?\,7?M1?]'*7G_@1>?XT!\ST
MG_AUS\"?^@9KG_@XFH_X=<_ G_H&:Y_X.)J\V_X8N_:B_P"CE+S_ ,"+S_&C
M_AB[]J+_ *.4O/\ P(O/\: ^9Z3_ ,.N?@3_ - S7/\ P<34?\.N?@3_ - S
M7/\ P<35YM_PQ=^U%_T<I>?^!%Y_C2_\,7?M1?\ 1REW_P"!%Y_C0'S/2/\
MAUS\"?\ H&:Y_P"#B:C_ (=<_ G_ *!FN?\ @XFKS?\ X8N_:B_Z.4N__ B\
M_P :3_AB[]J+_HY2[_\  B\_QH#YGI/_  ZY^!/_ $#-<_\ !Q-1_P .N?@3
M_P! S7/_  <35YO_ ,,6_M1?]'*7?_@1>?XT?\,6_M1?]'*7?_@1>?XT!\ST
MC_AUS\"?^@9KG_@XFH_X=<_ G_H&:Y_X.)J\W_X8N_:B_P"CE+O_ ,"+S_&D
M_P"&+OVHO^CE+O\ \"+S_&@/F>D_\.N?@3_T#-<_\'$U'_#KGX$_] S7/_!Q
M-7F__#%O[47_ $<I=_\ @1>?XTG_  Q=^U%_T<I=_P#@1>?XT!\STG_AUS\"
M?^@9KG_@XFH_X=<_ G_H&:Y_X.)J\V_X8N_:B_Z.4O/_  (O/\:/^&+OVHO^
MCE+S_P "+S_&@/F>D_\ #KGX$_\ 0,US_P '$U'_  ZY^!/_ $#-<_\ !Q-7
MFW_#%W[47_1REY_X$7G^-'_#%W[47_1REY_X$7G^- ?,])_X=<_ G_H&:Y_X
M.)J/^'7/P)_Z!FN?^#B:O-O^&+OVHO\ HY2\_P# B\_QH_X8N_:B_P"CE+S_
M ,"+S_&@/F>D_P##KGX$_P#0,US_ ,'$U'_#KGX$_P#0,US_ ,'$U>;?\,7?
MM1?]'*7G_@1>?XT?\,7?M1?]'*7G_@1>?XT!\STG_AUS\"?^@9KG_@XFH_X=
M<_ G_H&:Y_X.)J\V_P"&+OVHO^CE+S_P(O/\:/\ AB[]J+_HY2\_\"+S_&@/
MF>D_\.N?@3_T#-<_\'$U'_#KGX$_] S7/_!Q-7FW_#%W[47_ $<I>?\ @1>?
MXT?\,7?M1?\ 1REY_P"!%Y_C0'S/2?\ AUS\"?\ H&:Y_P"#B:C_ (=<_ G_
M *!FN?\ @XFKS;_AB[]J+_HY2\_\"+S_ !H_X8N_:B_Z.4O/_ B\_P : ^9Z
M3_PZY^!/_0,US_P<34?\.N?@3_T#-<_\'$U>;?\ #%W[47_1REY_X$7G^-'_
M  Q=^U%_T<I>?^!%Y_C0'S/2?^'7/P)_Z!FN?^#B:C_AUS\"?^@9KG_@XFKS
M;_AB[]J+_HY2\_\  B\_QH_X8N_:B_Z.4O/_  (O/\: ^9Z3_P .N?@3_P!
MS7/_  <34?\ #KGX$_\ 0,US_P '$U>;?\,7?M1?]'*7G_@1>?XT?\,7?M1?
M]'*7G_@1>?XT!\STG_AUS\"?^@9KG_@XFH_X=<_ G_H&:Y_X.)J\V_X8N_:B
M_P"CE+S_ ,"+S_&C_AB[]J+_ *.4O/\ P(O/\: ^9Z3_ ,.N?@3_ - S7/\
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M+X;?]@"S_P#10KU*O+?V6O\ DW+X;?\ 8 L__10KU*@04444 %%%% !1110
M4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1
M110 4AI:0T ?*'[17_)ZG[-/^]K7_HB.D_;L_P"0W^S]_P!E%T[^34O[17_)
MZG[-/^]K7_HB.D_;L_Y#?[/W_91=._DU ^Q]8"EI!2T""BBB@ HHHH ****
M"BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH *HZT;]=-N&TPVPO@A,0N]WE%NP;;R![BK
MU,E_U;4 >%?LT_M.P_'"37M!UG3$\->.="GD2]T@2M)'- )&1+JW=E4R1,5(
MS@8/U%=MX3\7^(]?\5^.-*N(-,A@T.YBM;26(R%YV>W28-(#PH'F 8!.<$Y'
M2O M;^!VK^+_ (7>%/B#\/YTTKXJ>%)[^73+AN(]1A^US&2PGZ9CD&0,_=)S
MW-;GP"^(6G_M ^!?BSKLVE7.FB^O!::AI-WNCEM;F+3X4G@8C!^5U(R,9XH
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M$FBM']LL2^\-%)DPW$38&Z-PK ' (9&4\CGL: "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@
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M %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %8GC74;G2/".M7UG&9;NVLIIH4
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M_P##VG?$+3?&D%]K0US3]+.CP2RZBTJ_9B0S*P<'<6<!RS$L2.N.*R8_V4_
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M%^RU_P FY?#;_L 6?_HH5ZE7EO[+7_)N7PV_[ %G_P"BA7J5 !1110 4444
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M?\/)_BC_ -&[:Y_WU=?_ "/1_P /)_BC_P!&[:Y_WU=?_(]?6?\ PU1\'/\
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M_P 50!\F?\/)_BC_ -&[:Y_WU=?_ "/1_P /)_BC_P!&[:Y_WU=?_(]?6?\
MPU1\'/\ HJ'A+_P<P?\ Q5'_  U1\'/^BH>$O_!S!_\ %4 ?)?\ P\F^*'_1
MNNN?]]77_P CTO\ P\F^*/\ T;MKG_?5U_\ (]?6?_#5'P<_Z*AX2_\ !S!_
M\51_PU1\'/\ HJ'A+_P<P?\ Q5 'R9_P\G^*/_1NVN?]]77_ ,CTG_#R;XH'
M_FW77/\ OJZ_^1Z^M/\ AJCX.?\ 14/"7_@Y@_\ BJ/^&J/@Y_T5#PE_X.8/
M_BJ /DS_ (>3?%#_ *-UUS_OJZ_^1Z/^'D_Q1_Z-VUS_ +ZNO_D>OK/_ (:H
M^#G_ $5#PE_X.8/_ (JC_AJCX.?]%0\)?^#F#_XJ@#Y,_P"'D_Q1_P"C=M<_
M[ZNO_D>C_AY/\4?^C=M<_P"^KK_Y'KZS_P"&J/@Y_P!%0\)?^#F#_P"*H_X:
MH^#G_14/"7_@Y@_^*H ^3/\ AY/\4?\ HW;7/^^KK_Y'H_X>3_%'_HW;7/\
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MH^#G_14/"7_@Y@_^*H ^3/\ AY/\4?\ HW;7/^^KK_Y'H_X>3_%'_HW;7/\
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M.?\ 14/"7_@Y@_\ BJ/^&J/@Y_T5#PE_X.8/_BJ /@']HK]K[XF?M _"76?
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M_P""R/\ PH_X9"^"O_1+O"O_ (+(_P#"O7Z* /(/^&0O@K_T2[PK_P""R/\
MPH_X9"^"O_1+O"O_ (+(_P#"O7Z* /(/^&0O@K_T2[PK_P""R/\ PH_X9"^"
MO_1+O"O_ (+(_P#"O7Z* /(/^&0O@K_T2[PK_P""R/\ PH_X9"^"O_1+O"O_
M (+(_P#"O7Z* /(/^&0O@K_T2[PK_P""R/\ PH_X9"^"O_1+O"O_ (+(_P#"
MO7Z* /(/^&0O@K_T2[PK_P""R/\ PH_X9"^"O_1+O"O_ (+(_P#"O7Z* /(/
M^&0O@K_T2[PK_P""R/\ PH_X9"^"O_1+O"O_ (+(_P#"O7Z* /(/^&0O@K_T
M2[PK_P""R/\ PH_X9"^"O_1+O"O_ (+(_P#"O7Z* /(/^&0O@K_T2[PK_P""
MR/\ PH_X9"^"O_1+O"O_ (+(_P#"O7Z* /(/^&0O@K_T2[PK_P""R/\ PH_X
M9"^"O_1+O"O_ (+(_P#"O7Z* /(/^&0O@K_T2[PK_P""R/\ PH_X9"^"O_1+
MO"O_ (+(_P#"O7Z* /(/^&0O@K_T2[PK_P""R/\ PH_X9"^"O_1+O"O_ (+(
M_P#"O7Z* /'9?V0_@JL;$?"[PKD#_H&1_P"%?.7[#'[/'PR\=?#OQG=^(/ F
M@:Q=6OC/5K*&:\L4D:.!) $C4GHJCH*^ZY_]4_TKY8_X)V_\DO\ 'O\ V/FL
M_P#HU: /3/\ AD+X*_\ 1+O"O_@LC_PH_P"&0O@K_P!$N\*_^"R/_"O7Z* /
M(/\ AD+X*_\ 1+O"O_@LC_PH_P"&0O@K_P!$N\*_^"R/_"O7Z* /(/\ AD+X
M*_\ 1+O"O_@LC_PH_P"&0O@K_P!$N\*_^"R/_"O7Z* /(/\ AD+X*_\ 1+O"
MO_@LC_PH_P"&0O@K_P!$N\*_^"R/_"O7Z* /(/\ AD+X*_\ 1+O"O_@LC_PH
M_P"&0O@K_P!$N\*_^"R/_"O7Z* /(/\ AD+X*_\ 1+O"O_@LC_PH_P"&0O@K
M_P!$N\*_^"R/_"O7Z* /(/\ AD+X*_\ 1+O"O_@LC_PH_P"&0O@K_P!$N\*_
M^"R/_"O7Z* /(/\ AD+X*_\ 1+O"O_@LC_PH_P"&0O@K_P!$N\*_^"R/_"O7
MZ* /(/\ AD+X*_\ 1+O"O_@LC_PH_P"&0O@K_P!$N\*_^"R/_"O7Z* /(/\
MAD+X*_\ 1+O"O_@LC_PH_P"&0O@K_P!$N\*_^"R/_"O7Z* /(/\ AD+X*_\
M1+O"O_@LC_PH_P"&0O@K_P!$N\*_^"R/_"O7Z* /(/\ AD+X*_\ 1+O"O_@L
MC_PH_P"&0O@K_P!$N\*_^"R/_"O7Z* /(/\ AD+X*_\ 1+O"O_@LC_PH_P"&
M0O@K_P!$N\*_^"R/_"O7Z* /(/\ AD+X*_\ 1+O"O_@LC_PH_P"&0O@K_P!$
MN\*_^"R/_"O7Z* /(/\ AD+X*_\ 1+O"O_@LC_PH_P"&0?@K_P!$N\+?^"R/
M_"O7Z* *.B:)8>&])L]+TNTAL-.LXE@M[6!-L<2*,!5'8 =JO444 %%%% !1
M110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%
M% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444
M %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% $<_P#JG^E?+'_!.W_DE_CW
M_L?-9_\ 1JU]3S_ZI_I7RQ_P3M_Y)?X]_P"Q\UG_ -&K0!]5T444 %%%% !1
M110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%
M% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444
M %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110
M4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% $<
M_P#JG^E?+'_!.W_DE_CW_L?-9_\ 1JU]3S$>4WTKY8_X)V_\DO\ 'O\ V/FL
M_P#HU: /JNBD!S2T %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110
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MB=_#/_P;3_\ Q= 'UE17R;_PG/[9'_1._AG_ .#:?_XNC_A.?VR/^B=_#/\
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M^E*4 ?4.@_\ (%L/^O>/_P! %7ZH:#_R!;#_ *]X_P#T 5?H **** "BBB@
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MRMXL\$V'AG4=3^(G@GQHFK>-Y_!^H0:7IVAV]K!:ZA$D)>*6585)81N%".2
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M\7L"NL6#S(CM%.@"HT958TDP5*, 3@\_0?Q$^ OP]^+1TYO&/@_2/$;Z>?\
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M13E4ZDX  SSC->IHH0    < "@!U%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 5\G_\
M!3/_ )-?OO\ L+Z;_P"E*5]85\G_ /!3/_DU^^_["^F_^E*4 ?4.@_\ (%L/
M^O>/_P! %7ZH:#_R!;#_ *]X_P#T 5?H **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@
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M>B_\I--<_P"R=Q_^E:5]:4 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
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M@@@MD$>E;.EZO8ZW9I=Z?>6]]:N2%GMI5D1B#@X920>:\/US]A#X#>)-:O\
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MAI96^\Q <#)]A7I/PR^%7A3X.>%T\.>#=&AT+14E>=;.!F90[G+-EB3SCUH
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M **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@
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MM(%D(VEEB4$C&,9QZ4#N?#VG:QX:N/B9X\LQK/AV^TC5/A/&%@T;Y=/<PO.
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M+JECJ&L_L::C=7D$^I3^'+N&>YDF#2L3I2 JS$YSOR,'G=D=:XC4-)\'Z?\
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M5=$_\%L'_P 10,\?_P"'@W[//_14]&_[YF_^(H_X>#?L\_\ 14]&_P"^9O\
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MSKHLSZE+G*Q_(#B,8RV>OW1U)'[A?\*P\'_]"MHG_@M@_P#B*/\ A6'@\?\
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M\_\ 14]&_P"^9O\ XBO8/^%8>#_^A5T3_P %L'_Q%'_"L/!__0JZ)_X+8/\
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M\11_PK#P?_T*NB?^"V#_ .(H \?_ .'@W[//_14]&_[YF_\ B*/^'@W[//\
MT5/1O^^9O_B*]@_X5AX/_P"A5T3_ ,%L'_Q%'_"L/!__ $*NB?\ @M@_^(H
M\?\ ^'@W[//_ $5/1O\ OF;_ .(H_P"'@W[//_14]&_[YF_^(KV#_A6'@_\
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M0 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
M!1110!\EZ+_RDTUS_LG<?_I6E?6E?)>B_P#*337/^R=Q_P#I6E?6E !2$XI:
M0C(H \[F_:!\#Q>,=1\*#4[N?Q'IT*W%UIMMI-Y--#$WW9"$A/RGLW0]JWO
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MI2OK"OD__@IG_P FOWW_ &%]-_\ 2E* /J'0?^0+8?\ 7O'_ .@"K]4-!_Y
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M/#]QHD^G@RF1VFECE:1'VX 5HE 4CD$\@XKUR*%((TCC4(B *JJ,  = !4E
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M7P5^*WPZ^(GQ$\3Z/J_@ZX3QCJ$5]):WUO=DVOEQ^6JAT8;N.I('/2M'XC?
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M\3?$;XD>#?&GB[2-/T=_!\-W+8Z9:7YNC<WL\8C,C2>6H2-5W;1@L2V3C&"
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MH_X;]T;_ *)#\7/_  DW_P#BZ^I<?7\Z,?7\Z /EK_AOW1O^B0_%S_PDW_\
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M %DD!"%L#YQW'8T <Q_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !='_#?NC?\ 1(?BY_X2;_\
MQ=?4N/K^=&/K^= 'RU_PW[HW_1(?BY_X2;__ !=>)_M>_M&R?M!_!Z;PAX=^
M%?Q-M-2FU"SN%EU+PQ+'"%CF5VRREB#@''%?HCCZ_G1CZ_G0!2T12FCV2L"K
M"",%2,$':*O4@&*6@04444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
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M@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH ****
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M\/;S6;W0CKM^7DUV-8Y_M!D'F@!0!L!QB@#Z!HI-P]:-P]: %HI-P]:-P]:
M%HI-P]:-P]: %HI-P]:-P]: %HI-P]:-P]: %HI-P]:-P]: %HI-P]:-P]:
M%HI-P]:-P]: %HI-P]:-P]: %HI-P]:-P]: %HI-P]:-P]: %HI-P]:-P]:
M%HI-P]:-P]: %HI-P]:-P]: %HI-P]:-P]: %HI 0>AI: "BBB@ HHHH ***
M* "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH
M **** "BBB@#X,^*?P2\.?'_ /X*":IX9\5OJ3:5;^"(+^./3[Z2V(E6X" D
MKU&';CZ>E>@_\.R/@O\ W/$__@_G_P :;HO_ "DTUS_LG<?_ *5I7UI0,^3?
M^'9'P7_N>)__  ?S_P"-'_#LCX+_ -SQ/_X/Y_\ &OK*B@+GR;_P[(^"_P#<
M\3_^#^?_ !H_X=D?!?\ N>)__!_/_C7UE10%SY-_X=D?!?\ N>)__!_/_C1_
MP[(^"_\ <\3_ /@_G_QKZRHH"Y\F_P##LCX+_P!SQ/\ ^#^?_&C_ (=D?!?^
MYXG_ /!_/_C7UE10%SY-_P"'9'P7_N>)_P#P?S_XT?\ #LCX+_W/$_\ X/Y_
M\:^LJ* N?)O_  [(^"_]SQ/_ .#^?_&C_AV1\%_[GB?_ ,'\_P#C7UE10%SY
M-_X=D?!?^YXG_P#!_/\ XT?\.R/@O_<\3_\ @_G_ ,:^LJ* N?)O_#LCX+_W
M/$__ (/Y_P#&C_AV1\%_[GB?_P '\_\ C7UE10%SY-_X=D?!?^YXG_\ !_/_
M (T?\.R/@O\ W/$__@_G_P :^LJ* N?)O_#LCX+_ -SQ/_X/Y_\ &C_AV1\%
M_P"YXG_\'\_^-?65% 7/DW_AV1\%_P"YXG_\'\_^-'_#LCX+_P!SQ/\ ^#^?
M_&OK*B@+GR;_ ,.R/@O_ '/$_P#X/Y_\:/\ AV1\%_[GB?\ \'\_^-?65% 7
M/DW_ (=D?!?^YXG_ /!_/_C1_P .R/@O_<\3_P#@_G_QKZRHH"Y\F_\ #LCX
M+_W/$_\ X/Y_\:/^'9'P7_N>)_\ P?S_ .-?65% 7/DW_AV1\%_[GB?_ ,'\
M_P#C3(O^"87P3@7;%!XDC7.=J:[,HS]!7UK10%SY-_X=D?!?^YXG_P#!_/\
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MJZ]%/-:HT&8U\I-[J[@X# =LF@+GSW_P[(^"_P#<\3_^#^?_ !H_X=D?!?\
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M[[_L+Z;_ .E*4 ?4.@_\@:Q/4^1'_P"@"K]4-!_Y MA_U[Q_^@"K] @HHHH
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M>T5\_7/QWU7Q)XC^#.@Z>@T!?'VC2ZW-J,D0E,02VCF%K!NRIE)DSE@0$1L
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MKNTC;1]YCU8^I/J:M4 %%%% !1110 4444 %?)__  4S_P"37[[_ +"^F_\
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MQ^9!O9D)#'V(7/K7W">E81\!^'#XH/B3^P=,_P"$B*",ZL;./[45 P%\W&[
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M22^M;J2V$#HK!MAC;:IR5+#D 9YKZ39@H)/2L*S\=:%?I:O;ZE#*EW<-;6S
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MK3M:GEU&:6P?3K(VP@LR1Y43@L=SJ,Y;O77444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
M!7R?_P %,_\ DU^^_P"POIO_ *4I7UA7R?\ \%,_^37[[_L+Z;_Z4I0!]0Z#
M_P @6P_Z]X__ $ 5?JAH/_(%L/\ KWC_ /0!5^@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH
M **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@
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MH40D:<R^=E& _<H9?F*(!D +D#(/'76NS> /VQ]*T6!@ND^/- N+B:W'_/\
MV17$WU:%]AQU\M,]!7T!T%>"2>'IOB#^UWI_B*$ Z+X%T.XLC<*.'U"\9=T0
M/?9"@9L=#(H/6@#WL4M)2T %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
M!1110 5\G_\ !3/_ )-?OO\ L+Z;_P"E*5]85\G_ /!3/_DU^^_["^F_^E*4
M ?4.@_\ (%L/^O>/_P! %7ZH:#_R!;#_ *]X_P#T 5?H **** "BBB@ HHHH
M **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@
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M#_\ %4 >JTM>4_\ #5OP<_Z*?X4_\&T/_P 51_PU;\'/^BG^%/\ P;0__%4
M>JLH=2IZ$8-5-*TBRT.RCM+"VCM+9,E8XEP,DY)/J2<DD\DG)KS7_AJWX.?]
M%/\ "G_@VA_^*H_X:M^#G_13_"G_ (-H?_BJ /5J*\I_X:M^#G_13_"G_@VA
M_P#BJ/\ AJWX.?\ 13_"G_@VA_\ BJ /5J*\I_X:M^#G_13_  I_X-H?_BJ/
M^&K?@Y_T4_PI_P"#:'_XJ@#U:BO*?^&K?@Y_T4_PI_X-H?\ XJC_ (:M^#G_
M $4_PI_X-H?_ (J@#U:BO*?^&K?@Y_T4_P *?^#:'_XJC_AJWX.?]%/\*?\
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MJ%FLLGEKG:NX]AD_G7.?\,8_ S_HE7A7_P %B5[310!XM_PQC\#?^B5>%?\
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M !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444
M%%%% $<_^J?Z5\L?\$[?^27^/?\ L?-9_P#1JU]3S_ZI_I7RQ_P3M_Y)?X]_
M['S6?_1JT ?5=%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444
M%%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4
M444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !11
M10 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
M !1110 4444 %%%% !1110!'/_JG^E?+'_!.W_DE_CW_ +'S6?\ T:M?4\_^
MJ?Z5\L?\$[?^27^/?^Q\UG_T:M 'U71110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
M !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444
M%%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4
M444 %%%% !1110 444AXH 6BO"OC!^VC\,/@9XS_ .$6\5ZEJ%MK'V9+ORK3
M2Y[E?+<D*=R*1_">*XG_ (>9? S_ *"^M_\ @@N__B* /JNBOE3_ (>9? S_
M *"^M_\ @@N__B*/^'F7P,_Z"^M_^""[_P#B*!V/JNBOE3_AYE\#/^@OK?\
MX(+O_P"(H_X>9? S_H+ZW_X(+O\ ^(H"Q]5T5\J?\/,O@9_T%];_ /!!=_\
MQ%'_  \R^!G_ $%];_\ !!=__$4!8^JZ*^5/^'F7P,_Z"^M_^""[_P#B*/\
MAYE\#/\ H+ZW_P"""[_^(H"Q]5T5\J?\/,O@9_T%];_\$%W_ /$4?\/,O@9_
MT%];_P#!!=__ !% 6/JNBOE3_AYE\#/^@OK?_@@N_P#XBC_AYE\#/^@OK?\
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M#.QP"0&'0@$X-7J^4Q_P4P^!@_YB^M_^""[_ /B*7_AYE\#/^@OK?_@@N_\
MXB@+'U717RI_P\R^!G_07UO_ ,$%W_\ $4?\/,O@9_T%];_\$%W_ /$4!8^J
MZ*^5/^'F7P,_Z"^M_P#@@N__ (BC_AYE\#/^@OK?_@@N_P#XB@+'U717RI_P
M\R^!G_07UO\ \$%W_P#$4?\ #S+X&?\ 07UO_P $%W_\10%CZKHKY4_X>9?
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M[MXYH\F.10ZDC'!&1_.IJ "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@
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M*#D9Z4 5?[+L_P#GTA_[]K_A1_9=G_SZ0_\ ?M?\*M$XKRR__:+\.V7Q O\
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M6_RYS@=*P_"G[3_A+QE:>'+[3K+Q"=(\0SQVVG:K-HLZ6DSN2$S(1A02,9;
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M359='NDU&W\A_/C56;"DDX^<#)QWXKNJ *G]EV?_ #Z0_P#?M?\ "C^R[/\
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M6))SFH_AW\*KOPIX0UO3M?U6T\6:UK,\\^H:M/8>2+WS!M598M[#8B8C"J0
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M\!_%?Q0OQE\!>&_^$LF\5:5XIT&]N;N\N=.1+2.^MTB8R6,J)'YD!,C#!W#
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M.XAD*A-D96Z4[=H'7)X]Z ,_]MPZFO@+PL=.UR[TI)/%>D6]Q%:B,K.KW<8
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M4S_Y-?OO^POIO_I2E?6%?)__  4S_P"37[[_ +"^F_\ I2E 'U#H/_(%L/\
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M17C/[4WB.2Z\6_"'X=@'[%XP\2JNI*?N36=K&;B2%N^'*HI'==P/6N]\0_"
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M %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% 'R7HO_ "DTUS_LG<?_ *5I7UI7R7HO_*337/\
MLG<?_I6E?6E !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
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M=+_PV[\0_P#HU[XE_P#?@?\ Q% SZ[HKY$_X;=^(?_1KWQ+_ ._ _P#B*/\
MAMWXA_\ 1KWQ+_[\#_XB@#Z[HKY$_P"&W?B'_P!&O?$O_OP/_B*/^&W?B'_T
M:]\2_P#OP/\ XB@#Z[HKY$_X;=^(?_1KWQ+_ ._ _P#B*/\ AMWXA_\ 1KWQ
M+_[\#_XB@#Z[HKY$_P"&W?B'_P!&O?$O_OP/_B*/^&W?B'_T:]\2_P#OP/\
MXB@#Z[HKY$_X;=^(?_1KWQ+_ ._ _P#B*/\ AMWXA_\ 1KWQ+_[\#_XB@#Z[
MHKY$_P"&W?B'_P!&O?$O_OP/_B*/^&W?B'_T:]\2_P#OP/\ XB@#Z[HKY$_X
M;=^(?_1KWQ+_ ._ _P#B*/\ AMWXA_\ 1KWQ+_[\#_XB@#Z[HKY$_P"&W?B'
M_P!&O?$O_OP/_B*/^&W?B'_T:]\2_P#OP/\ XB@#Z[HKY$_X;=^(?_1KWQ+_
M ._ _P#B*/\ AMWXA_\ 1KWQ+_[\#_XB@#Z[HKY$_P"&W?B'_P!&O?$O_OP/
M_B*/^&W?B'_T:]\2_P#OP/\ XB@#Z[HKY$_X;=^(?_1KWQ+_ ._ _P#B*/\
MAMWXA_\ 1KWQ+_[\#_XB@#Z[HKY$_P"&W?B'_P!&O?$O_OP/_B*/^&W?B'_T
M:]\2_P#OP/\ XB@#Z[HKY$_X;=^(?_1KWQ+_ ._ _P#B*/\ AMWXA_\ 1KWQ
M+_[\#_XB@#Z[HKY$_P"&W?B'_P!&O?$O_OP/_B*/^&W?B'_T:]\2_P#OP/\
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M)D?_ !V@+'U717RI_P /!=$_Z)%\6?\ PF1_\=H_X>"Z)_T2+XL_^$R/_CM
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M/YT;?<_G2T4 )M]S^=&WW/YTM% #2N>Y_.@+CN?SIU% ";?<_G1M]S^=+10
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M_P!$?\!?^#X__': /KZBOD'_ (6=^V5_T1_P%_X/C_\ ':/^%G?ME?\ 1'_
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MF6\I-LSH-NXD]$!Y/4F@#U*BBB@ HHHH ***0T +17SM\<OVNI/@_P#%+3O
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M?1/B;XT:%X?\0V>@6L=[X@UVZTU]833M%@%Q+]B5@OGG+*H4L0J\Y8\ '!H
M] HKR*^_:D^']CX)\&^+6U&\DT+Q9=Q6.FW<>GS,OG.Q39+\O[HAE<$-S\C8
M!Q6O\/\ XZ>'?B%XJU[PW;0:MI.N:-%'<SV.MZ=)92R6\A8)/&'^_&2K#=V(
MP0* /1J3/.,5X]<_M3^";/2]%UB3^UY/#VMWK:=I>L6VF2SV]]< E52+RPSG
M>5<(2@#[>">,^30^/H_!/[:/Q NW3Q'K%K/X)TR\M]&LH+B\G,C7,F\Q6Q/[
MOY57</E QSR>0#Z[I#Q7F$'[1G@N^^'WA3Q?97MQ>V'BFY2QT>VAMV^U7=RQ
M8>2(VQM=?+DW;B NQLGBJ\GQJ\'>,O WCUKTZM9P>'!-8>(-/^RRI?V>8=YP
MD6YN8VW*Z$C'(/' !ZN#17'?!Q]"F^%'A&3PP][)X<DTJVDTY]1D>2X:W,8,
M9D9R6+;2,Y)->!?M5>$_$'PMUS0?C#X;U#Q#J7A_0KP3>*?"4.K7)M[JR8D-
M<Q1;\!XMV\J/E8*"1P<@'U=0#FO#O ME;_'/Q?;?$NVO]4@\&I (M$M8+ZXM
MXM6Y!-[-"' V C;$A4$C>[9W*!;\,>-OAWIGQ&^+FL07^IV&J:)!:2>)YM5:
MXCL[:-(9&C>))/E \M68LBX/!R: /9Z*\Q\*?M ^'/%7B?0M"%OJNEWNOZ<^
MJZ.=2LC#'J%L@4LT; G!"NC%&VMA@<5!XF_:.\*>%[?6=0N$U2Y\/Z)=&RU;
M7+*Q::SL95($@D8'<1'D;V16"<[B,' !ZK2$X%>8^*OVB?!_A/Q9HWAN>74;
MS5-9L)-1TY-.TZ:Y2\B0*?W3HI61B&7 4GKDX'-8=[\<_ ?Q&^"7C?6[Y];M
M= TM+O3-?M!9SP:E8,B?OD:./]Y&P5@VX= <YQ0![4.12UY+X>^+G@_PC;?"
M_P +6QU5+;Q/8Q1>'IKN.28SHEL) LLK,6#B( DOR3W)KJ/!OQ3T;QMXK\5>
M'+);R#6/#4L,6HV]W;F/894+Q,K9(<,HSD&@#L:6OF3]NJ:]TCP9X,U#2]5U
M31[VX\7:1IDL^F:A-;,]M/<!)8VV, 0P/<9'8UZ-XC^.?@[X9>,--\!7 U>3
M7+BPEO+*SM=/N+IIXXR 51\'S')(& 2?7 H ]5HKY\\=_M<Z/I?P \4_$3PW
MI6J:G/HL\VFW&FW=H;>>QO$(0K<HY!159E)QDD$8SFO0D^+-M::+HC7.F:O+
MK>IQLUOI$5E_IDH0+YDFS=M1!N'S,P'S*,Y(! /0:*\8N_VM/A]I_P /;SQA
M=7>I0:=8:E_8^H6[Z;-]IT^[\Q4,5Q'C]T067EB%((P3FH[C]K3P/87=K;ZA
M#XBTM[O6_P"P;=K_ $&ZA2:<Q^8K(S)@HR<ANI["@#VNBO-O GQ[\,^/-1\3
M:=&NHZ%J7AQ4FU&SU^Q>PEB@=69)]K]8R$;YNV#G%5;7]HGPS-XFT#1KFWU?
M3#XB5SH=[?V#16VILJE]D3YR&90657"EAR : /4Z*\9^ /QWN?C)JGCB.7P_
MJ6CV^C:]<:5 ;JW50JPQP[ED8,0)"[N=O.%*\YKV:@ HHHH **** ..^,G_)
M)_&/_8'O/_1#UY-_P3T_Y,W^&G_7G-_Z4RUZS\9/^23^,?\ L#WG_HAZ\F_X
M)Z?\F;_#3_KSG_\ 2F6@?0^BJ***!!1110 4444 ?)7B49_X*6>$_P#L0[G_
M -'M7UIBODSQ)_RDL\)_]B'<_P#H]J^M*!L3%&*.E>#:C\5]?^)7QYU?X:>#
M+Y-"T[PQ:0W?B+7Q EQ.)9>8K2W1P8U8K\S.X; P N>:!'O-%>5W^A_$/0/&
M7AY;'Q1)K?A6X:>'4A?V,!O;9O(?R9%DC1%,8D"[@4SDKSC(KSK]G;]HC3K;
MP:T/Q*\?:>/$5[XHU32[!M4FAMI;I(KIHHU2-0H X X&,F@#Z9Q1BN6\8_%+
MPG\/WB3Q#KUEI4DD;3+'/)\_EK]Z0J,D(.['@=S1?_%7P;I::,UWXHTB!=9V
M_P!FE[V,?; PRIBY^<$<Y''O0!U.*,5RW@7XJ^#_ (FP7\WA/Q+I?B**PF^S
MW3Z;=+,(9,9VMM/&>WKVJ@/CCX ^WM9OXPT:&8%P//O$B1RA <([$*Y4G!"D
MX[T =QBCBN-U#XQ^"=,N[ZUN?$VG1SV+%+M?.S]G;:&(<C(4[2#SV.:\>\7?
M&LV7[07PON;+QS:O\--;T75M0N2C0BR;[/&FV8SXR5RY_BQD#% 'TGBC%<UX
M1^)7A7QYX9/B'P]X@T[6=#4N&U"TN5>%2GWPS9P".^<8JOX;^+7@[Q=?W%CH
M_B/3[^]@B^T/;12_O/*SCS%4X+)D?>7(]Z .MQ1BN.3XQ^")/#E_KZ^*M*;1
M=/G:VO+\72^3;2C&Y)&Z(1D9#8QGFNFM[R#6]*AN["[66VNX5E@NK9E961ER
MKJ2"""""#R* +>*,5\I>'_VC?$GPT_:&USP-\1;P7_@R_P!1CT[0/%<EK%;B
M&\:!)OL=QY>%RPD&UR!DCZX]=O\ 5-=3X\V&DKXBFA\.R:'<ZE)IYMH,>;'/
M!&/WI3<$VR,2,YR!R.E 'J'!HQ7D_A3XA^&/#&F>+-=U3XIV7B'1?[9D!N[B
M>!;;2<QH?L8DC^7"_>RQS\_-=Q+\0?#<&OZ;HDFMV,>KZE&9;*S>8"2Z0*6)
MC'\8"C)QG YH Z"C(]?UKQK]HSXQ:9X)^'WBN#3_ !G:>'O%=GIDMU;';'+)
M'((V:,,K@JN\C W8SVK+\*>,1KGA+X)7.K_$E= UW4;6TNY]+=H#-K[O;9:(
MJPW ;LME .5H ]YQ1BN-U[XR>"/"VM#2-6\4:9I^H!HHWAN)POEM(<1JYZ(6
M/0,1GM4GB+XO>"/".K-I>M>+-'TO45MWNVM+J]C25(4 +2,I.0H!')]: .NQ
M1BL+P9XZ\/\ Q%T"#6_#&LV6O:1.66.]L)EEC8J<,,CN#U%>-_M"^.O%W@WX
MI?"+2M!\12:;IGBK73I6H6YLX)B(Q"\FZ-G0E6^3'.X<].* /H'%&*X76_C=
MX!\(?VG#K7C71;&;284EU 7-]$KVZL=JF0 _*6(( P"3T%87Q*_:2\'_  ]\
M#:'XH74H-6T_7;JWM=,FLG\R*X,KA0^]00%4$DD^F.O% 'J^*,5R>N_%?PCX
M9T>UU75->L[&PNE9X996(\Q5^\P&,X'<XP.]-O/B_P""+"RT:[N/%NBPVVL[
M?[-E:^C"W@;H8N?G'N.* .NQ1BO.],_:,^%VM06LUC\0?#=U%<K,T3Q:G$0R
MP@F4_>X"A223Q6UX7^*W@[QIX3F\3Z'XFTO5/#L!<2ZG;W2-;Q%/O[GSA<#D
MYH ZK%'2N-T'XQ>#/%,6IOI'B*QOVTV$7-W%%)^\AB()61D(W;2 <'&#VKSS
M3?V@?"OQ?^#&O:[I_C6+P):N+JUAUR=D22S"R/&D^)@%W'9N"GGD=Z /=:,5
MR:^,]$\)^"](U'5_$D$]G+;PK'JEPRJ;YB@(=57[S./FPH[\#%-A^+O@J;PE
M+XH'BG25\/0LT<NI27B)#&Z\,C,2-K ]5//M0!UV*,5Q>A_&KP'XF\5KX8TK
MQ?HVH>(3;"\&F6]XCS^45#!]@.<;2#ZX(-+J?QE\$:-XB&A7OBC3+753.EM]
MGEN NV9QE(BWW5=AC"D@G(XYH [/BC%>">(/&?B:P_;"\(>&$UR9O"^H^'=0
MO9-*$,:H)HFB56+A=[?>/!.!7O= !BOE'6/^4DVA?]B'+_Z4/7U?7RAK/_*2
M;0O^Q"E_]*'H ^KZ*** "BBB@ KE/BO_ ,DO\7_]@>\_]$/75URGQ7_Y)?XO
M_P"P/>?^B'H \C_X)\?\F;?##_L'R?\ I1+7T/7SQ_P3X_Y,V^&'_8/D_P#2
MB6OH>@ HHHH **** //_ (L_$&;X?R>%Y&T:_P!8TC4M1:RU(Z=8O=R6L!MI
MG$[1H"?+#H@; /#=#7SEX;^'/AK3?VL_"GBWX+6LVE:)/:WS^.1I\$L.DR1>
M6/LXV,H3SS*<[4&0$)(7^+[,(S1C% 'PM''<W'[*W[3&F+IFIMJ.JZ]K\VGV
MATRX$UXEP%$#1(8\N'P<$#\JZ^/QE>1^-O >@ZKHNOZ?X<G\$6ZP:EH.D3M=
MZE? A7L9;A$WVZ(%W["T89CEF &#]=;1[_G325Z9_6@9^??A4W]I^S+\ =&N
M/#VO6>H:!\0K2XOX)])N T$,5]<O+(1L)*(KIEQ\N3P3S7NT9CU']M;7IY+*
M]FTFZ\ PZ:;H6DH@DF%Y+(\ E*A=_EL&QGH:^CAMZ9_6LOQ;X;A\7^%]6T.Y
MN+JUMM2M);.6:SE,4R+(A4LC_P + '@]C0!\"?#_ ,;?#X_"[P!X3\9ZYX@T
M#PGX5UF/6+.RO_".H+.JPSRO:PSWR(T#1H6!:5  P4<@9)]Q\,:@@_;;\=:Z
M8;IM$F\%Z=;1:F+24VTTL=Q+*Z)*%VN0C*V%)X88KL/"_P "_'NE:7#X<U?X
MM3ZSX-AMA9)81:#;VMZ]N%"K')=*Q!^0;2R1HQZ@J:]IL;*WTZS@M+6-8+:"
M-8HHH^%15& H'8  "@#X-^'GBK7O _P&^&]C-X?UBSTQO&FI+K.JIH,US?Z+
M;R3W,D,L$#1,R&0.JB94;8KG')XWOAY;W.B:M^U5&= \36MIJT<=SI\VIV%R
M\ERATWRE.]PS.[2'A,EQGE5Q@?;>T>_YT;1_DT >6?LM.Z_LZ?#BVFM[FSNK
M/0;*TN;:[MW@EAFCA5'1D< @A@1TK&\6>*HOC!X\D^&UK%J-OX?@A-QKU])8
MSP17\8;'V&"9E"L&_P"6K*?N?(,ER5]LP,8I %.><_C0(^0_@;JEY^S7\:/$
M7P@EM-6U#X;7;_VEX9U2'3[B:#2'E8F33I90A54#99#G S@XW</FUK6="^*/
M[4>I:-X7N/$.H7&D:?)I5A>:?,;75)(+.5)(E+*%E 9@K(IR<X'6OKK:/?\
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M&?%WQ@\-:GH^JV6HS^-]1UF*6:PD2V>TF2'RI%G($;[MI^56+#!R!BOHZD
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MEU\-OBK^SYJ=K\1+BW7Q'9>(KF?Q")[K[/J":E%>,\)4AA(#M$2H%Z@;0.U
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M'?#O[2WB/2=%T^/R[:RM]$@$<2DEB!F0GJ2>O>MO_ADKXT?]'4>*O_!+;_\
MQROK&B@=SY._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !RO
MK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@
M#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._
MX9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._X9*^
M-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1
MU'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK
M_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $
MMO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\
M_'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/
M^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2O
MC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T
M=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ
M_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!
M+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__
M !ROK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !RO
MK&B@#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@
M#Y._X9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y._
MX9*^-'_1U'BK_P $MO\ _'*/^&2OC1_T=1XJ_P#!+;__ !ROK&B@#Y%U+]CG
MXOZOIUS8WO[4/BBYL[F)H9H7T2WVR(P(93^\Z$$U[O\ L_?"./X$_!_PYX$B
MU-]9CT:*2);YX!"90TKR9V!F QOQU/2O0Z*!!1110 4444 %(W2EHH ^;OCE
M^R=KWQ2^,&F?$3PQ\4-1^'NLV.DG20VGZ;'<,T9D9V.YW&,[@,8[=:Y__ADK
MXT?]'4>*O_!+;_\ QROK&B@9\G?\,E?&C_HZCQ5_X);?_P".4?\ #)7QH_Z.
MH\5?^"6W_P#CE?6-% 'R=_PR5\:/^CJ/%7_@EM__ (Y1_P ,E?&C_HZCQ5_X
M);?_ ..5]8T4 ?)W_#)7QH_Z.H\5?^"6W_\ CE'_  R5\:/^CJ/%7_@EM_\
MXY7UC10!\G?\,E?&C_HZCQ5_X);?_P".4?\ #)7QH_Z.H\5?^"6W_P#CE?6-
M% 'R=_PR5\:/^CJ/%7_@EM__ (Y1_P ,E?&C_HZCQ5_X);?_ ..5]8T4 ?)W
M_#)7QH_Z.H\5?^"6W_\ CE'_  R5\:/^CJ/%7_@EM_\ XY7UC10!\G?\,E?&
MC_HZCQ5_X);?_P".4?\ #)7QH_Z.H\5?^"6W_P#CE?6-% 'R=_PR5\:/^CJ/
M%7_@EM__ (Y1_P ,E?&C_HZCQ5_X);?_ ..5]8T4 ?)W_#)7QH_Z.H\5?^"6
MW_\ CE'_  R5\:/^CJ/%7_@EM_\ XY7UC10!\G?\,E?&C_HZCQ5_X);?_P".
M4?\ #)7QH_Z.H\5?^"6W_P#CE?6-% 'R=_PR5\:/^CJ/%7_@EM__ (Y1_P ,
ME?&C_HZCQ5_X);?_ ..5]8T4 ?)W_#)7QH_Z.H\5?^"6W_\ CE'_  R5\:/^
MCJ/%7_@EM_\ XY7UC10!\G?\,E?&C_HZCQ5_X);?_P".4?\ #)7QH_Z.H\5?
M^"6W_P#CE?6-% 'R=_PR5\:/^CJ/%7_@EM__ (Y1_P ,E?&C_HZCQ5_X);?_
M ..5]8T4 ?)W_#)7QH_Z.H\5?^"6W_\ CE'_  R5\:/^CJ/%7_@EM_\ XY7U
MC10!\G?\,E?&C_HZCQ5_X);?_P".4?\ #)7QH_Z.H\5?^"6W_P#CE?6-% 'R
M=_PR5\:/^CJ/%7_@EM__ (Y1_P ,E?&C_HZCQ5_X);?_ ..5]8T4 ?)W_#)7
MQH_Z.H\5?^"6W_\ CE'_  R5\:/^CJ/%7_@EM_\ XY7UC10!\G?\,E?&C_HZ
MCQ5_X);?_P".4?\ #)7QH_Z.H\5?^"6W_P#CE?6-% 'R=_PR5\:/^CJ/%7_@
MEM__ (Y6S\'_ -D?Q'X ^,T7Q%\5_%C4_B'JL6F2:7&FHZ;' 4B9MPPZ.> <
MG&.]?3%% @HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HH
MHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB
M@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH ****
M"BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH *
M*** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HH
MHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB
M@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH ****
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M%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1136.%-
M"Y%&17S_ ."--_:0AG\7GQ7J_@.>)]-N%\/C3;6=3'>EOW#7&X\QA?O!><]*
MJ?"K2_VG+?QUIDGQ!UGX?7?A(>9]MBT2TG2[;]VVS86./O[2<]LT ?1>:,BO
MEW1-(_:V7Q58OJFO?#-_#XO4-U';V5R+@VOF#>%).-^S(!/&:L^/M*_:MF\9
M:V_A#7/AO;^&6N&.FQ:I9W#7*P_PB4J<%NN<4 ?3-&17SS\4=,_:8N/$L#^
M=9\ 6NABR@65-:M)WG-R!^^(*'&PG[HZTGC'3/VF)?"?A!/#6L^ (?$4=K(/
M$,FH6D[6\D^X;#;@'(7;G.[O0!]#Y%&:^>I=,_:6/PFMX8]8\ CXB#56::X:
MTG_L\V&SY5"YW>;N[],5U?P%LOC+91ZT/B[J'A6_D9H?[-_X1B"6(*,/YOF[
MSSSLQCWH ];HHHH *\^U'XI27'Q$NO!7AS3$UG6=/LX[[4YKBY-O:V,<I80J
M[A'9I)-CD(J\*I)(R,^@UX#8:/JWP@_:$\>>)IM%U+6_#'CB&PG^VZ3:M<RZ
M?=VL30M%+$F7,;IL97 (#!@<<4 >HZ#XWEFM=:E\1Z>GA<Z7=_9WDNKM&@F0
MHC+,DGRC8V_ S@@J00#6U<>)M(M+6&YGU2RAMYXVFBFDN$5)$"[BRDG! 7DD
M<8YKQ_XE-X@UGQC\-O%:>']2NO"NEZC=?;]+6#S+O;-;&*"[:WZXC=F!09<*
M^[ (('E/A_X,ZCI_Q*\ WFI>$;F[\.GQ/XCU.*VDLA,FEV%U ?L\4BXQ&&E)
M<1X^3?@@$' !].ZE\4O"VE:[X<TB?6[,7_B!9)--C6=6%Q&B;F=3G!7D 'H2
MP ZUI'QIX?6.Y<ZYIH2V19)F-Y'B)68JK,=WR@LI )ZD$=J^5OASX'US2)?@
MC<W?@S5DT[0YO$=A?6KV(#6L=P[-;%HR>(BG (X' P.E2^ _A^_A'X0> &M_
MAE-;ZO'XBE74KA-'4W]C")KMX9Q$2/-4>:BKN++&)"P7*8H ^J[OQ-I%CI4>
MIW.J65OIT@5DNY;A%A8'H0Y.#GMS61/\4/"UKXKF\-S:[8Q:O!9+J$MO)<(I
MC@8D*[$GC."1[ GI7RO\,=!\7?#O1O!$_B+X=:]KVA6;>(]*O=,2VBN+FT>Y
MU%IK>X$(?:\;PYB++]T-P-I-=S?_  VO[?Q7JFF:9X-GTW2M2^' T.PC0++;
M6<R//BVDDW'!"21@=0><$XH'8^BTUO3I)WA2_MFFCB$[QB92RQGHY&<A??I7
M#_%+XP6W@;X;W?BW1HK3Q-!;7=M:NEO>J%'FW$<+'>H8$KY@8KQG&,BOGS5-
M.\5ZQ:1:E;?"[6-1$?PT;19=-U2(6WG72W%OO@;#AB=JNR@$"3:0" <U!XD\
M)>*KKPQ\8D@\*>(KHZYJ'AZ]L"^G1Q/<K&+83$11GY"OE.2I&0% ))(R"/LX
MMA2:X#X7_&;1_BGJWC#3M.BFM[CPWJ7V"43\>>A0,EPGK&Y\Q5/<QM5GXJ:]
MJ6F^![@:-8ZC<:EJ!6S@:QM&FDM3*=IG90.!&I+G/=<=3BO'AX"UWX+_ !P\
M%ZUIT>K^*M#U/23X:UD66EIMM+>$;[.X?RP-VUR\9)RVV4D# - 'T#_PF&@B
M=H?[:T[SD&YH_M<>X#?LR1N_O?+]>.M(GC+0)#9A-;TYC>L4MMMW&?/8,5(3
MYOF(8$8&>1BODC5OA%:S_ KQI'#\-+DZ]/XPGFM8ET15NWLVU19U:,XRL?E
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M"_!ES<^*#I/C3P'XCU#6]"UK4M2M_$&]6TNZMYVE(D5E.Z1FAE$1MV4Y*C/
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&BBB@#__9

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>16
<FILENAME>niu-20231231x20f005.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 niu-20231231x20f005.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! @   0 !  #_VP!#  ," @," @,# P,$ P,$!0@%!00$
M!0H'!P8(# H,# L*"PL-#A(0#0X1#@L+$!80$1,4%145# \7&!84&!(4%13_
MVP!# 0,$! 4$!0D%!0D4#0L-%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04
M%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!3_P  1" -T OH# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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M65) -Q7G;NVD@=<4#*W_  Z]^!G_ #X>(/\ P>W'^-'_  Z]^!G_ #X>(/\
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MQH ]*_X=>_ S_GP\0?\ @]N/\:/^'7OP,_Y\/$'_ (/;C_&O-?\ ABW]I_\
MZ.3N_P#P)O?\:/\ ABS]I_\ Z.2O/_ F]_QH ]*_X=>_ S_GP\0?^#VX_P :
M/^'7OP,_Y\/$'_@]N/\ &O-?^&+/VG_^CDKS_P ";W_&C_ABS]I__HY*\_\
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MLS_M+?"_X=>)?%U[^T5J%Y:Z)I\VH26\%W>*\JQH6*J2< G&!FOLSX.ZW?\
MB7]EKPAJVJ7<M_J5[X3M[BYNIFW/-(UH"SL>Y)))- 'G_P#P3:9I/V-O 3,<
MEOMA)_[>YJ^G*^8O^":__)F?P_\ ]V\_]*YJ^G: 84444""BBB@ HHHH ***
M* "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH
M **** /E+]I__D[;]EW_ +">K_\ I,E,_P""@7_(&^#G_90]*_\ 9Z?^T_\
M\G;?LN_]A/5__29*9_P4"_Y WP<_[*'I7_L] SZO%+2#I2T""BBB@ HHHH *
M*** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH *I:P+]M,N!I;VZ:@4/DM=JS1!NVX*
M0<?0U=I&[?6@#Y__ &=?VH6^*_B3Q+X*\4:;!X=\=Z'<SK]EMW=K;4K6.9X?
MM5J[@,Z!T96&."!Z\=EX0\=>*-<^+/C3PS>1:0FEZ#!9S0SP+-Y\QN4D90P)
MVKM\OG&<Y[5XE>? >]^*'PHL_$GA2\&@_%#PIXDUV\\.ZN>!N_M.Y+VLW]Z"
M7E64Y )SCJ#H?LQ>/5^._B#XM:AK6AW&C:@]KI>D:WHER&C:UO889UN(0002
MN2"K \AA0,^@OAY/XDC\*6*>-;O1KCQ(SRB=]$WK:L!(VP('.[(3:&_VLUTR
MSQO(R*ZLZ_>4$$CZU^>.GV<7_#!OP9NS'_I5KXULHXK@D^9$C:[*K /UP5X.
M3R.M?0/D6L'_  4!@^R)'')-\/)YKQ8C@O(-0B5'D _BV\ D9Q0!ZK\2M8\=
M6EWH=CX(TO2KJ2[EE-]?ZT\HM[.)$!!Q%\S,S$ #@<$YXKQ?P5\;_C-\0=6^
M).F:/HW@I[_P1J1TN6&66\7^T)A")1Y9_P"68.0HW9Y]J^HI#B-OI7S#^R5E
M?C%^TJ<'_D=Q_P"DL= CZ*TS7 ^AZ9>:JB:3=W<,3/:W$@4QRLH)CY/)!)'X
M5HW%U#:0/-/*D,2#+/(P55'N3TKY$U3P^?CC^T/\7_".MZEH0GTVVLK6QTO7
M])%ZT>GRVP9I[;,J;2TK,6=1D%4^;@ 4_"KZ?IWQ:^#?PQ\2>+7\>>%;7P]J
M4FFZAJ:CRM7U.WN5B42 DK,\,(<)DD$EFY." 9[)^U+\6?$?PC^%T/BGPJFD
MW6-1LK:X.H"1P8I[B.'=$$(!8;\_,<<=Z]BANHIWD1)$>2(X=58$KZ9':OC'
M]I'P'X8^'7[-GCKP[X3U2_N+5?%^F7<UBT^^/29)[ZW<VUOA<1(H(98QG;O'
M3(KJHOA_H/@/]L[0=+T#31IFG^)?!VI'6HH'<"_DCN(MLLQSEY?G;,A.X[NM
M 'U&;ZW#HAGC#.Q15WC)8=0/4CTHO+ZWT^$S7,\5O$#C?*X1<_4U^;B_#S0[
M/]ACQ7XQ2RD_X2KP]XCO9-'U:2>1[C3_ "]9"J('8Y08)W8^]_%FOI&*XM_B
M!^V7XN\*^+[.#4M+T7PE97>AZ9?QB2V?SY76\N!$V59\B*+<02H! QN.0#O_
M -J+XF^(/A#\#/%'C3PS%IMS?:/;?:MFIJ[1,F0#M"$$MR,9./6O2+#5%_L.
MUOKV:*$/!'))(Q"("5&>O09-?!?C!=1T3]EK]K#PBDDMQX0\,ZI-9: 99&D^
MSPLL,LEJK'G9$[X _A#8Z 5[-K>H1>)OVK_ /@GQ-;I<>&HO!$NL:987:AK>
M[U$3)'([(>'>*$?*"#M\UCC." #Z=BF2>)9(W5XW 964Y!!Z$'O4,&H6]X9!
M;SQ3F-MCB)P^UO0XZ'ZU\3:MI7B7PO!^U7X"\$ZNGAWPYING6E_HTUQ=_9[?
M2;FYMC)<V\4A/[E&49 ! C+@@#-=9H'PJL_B!\8/A9XBT;P'>^$?#V@:++_;
M<5] ]BLDV(C90A%8>=)$ZR-YA!4 D9._  L?1_AH^*?^$I\4#6[G1Y=#\Z$Z
M+%8+(+J*+R_WOVG<=I8ODKMXV]:WX-0MKJ::*&XBEEA.V1$<,R'T8#I^-?%&
MHZIJ'PRMOVR]2\+?:+.]T^:SN+>2%GDDM]VGHTLJ9)(*AY'&. ?2NN\$_!_1
M;3Q+\+OB'I'CK0]-M5 MK1?#FC^0VOPSQY\BX?SG,N-IDW,"RL&8GK0%CZI&
MH6K73VHN(C<I@M")!O7/3(SFK%?$'A"*X^&GCWP-9>._#5KXCT34/$LEUX7^
M*GAZ7,MQ<733-'#J*'Y_G60Q[@2AV)@<#'VZ@P,?SH$.HHHH **** "BBB@
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M9G3[743J%QYL5N1AHQ^\Q@]3D9)Y))YKN<BC.: /+D_9D^&T?@2[\%CPZ?\
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M(RC8ZAE9NYH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH
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M@ HHHH **** "BBB@ JO?S/;V<TL:>9(B,RI_>(!(%6*1J /D#]FZ'5O$?[
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MK2:WKD$5M>QSW0:W>*+=Y*B/;A0F]]N.?G;.<T >1?\ !1 _\8X7'_8>T?\
M]+HJE_:6F\2Z)XYT3Q$OA>^^(?@.QTV:+5?#VB7[1:A92O("E_'"K*9L(CH!
MG<O)7G->I_&7X'Z#\=/#\&A^)+O54TF.>.Y:UTZ[-N))(V#QLS ;CM8 @9 R
M.<U'J_P3MM4UNQUJ+Q7XFTW6K;3O[+>_L[U US!O+XE1HRC,&8D/M##/!&3D
M ^>O&&LZ+KW@G]E&]\/:Y>^)-&D\:V0MM3U(M]JG46UT#YV[GS 05;/.5-4/
MVCIIKO2/CMKFB:MK'B/5]!LQ+!JD-X]C:^$Y8;=9!;P,C9FG)/FN F,.JNW0
M5] ZM^S)X0U+1/!6D03:MI-AX0NA?Z5%I]Z4*70W?OY"03(YWR9+9!\QL@YK
M/\0_LC> _$VJ^,;J[;6DM/%REM8TFWU26*QN9S&(_M)A7CS< <_=) )4D"@#
MS/QI9W_B[X_? NVNO$FO6EGXB\*ZE+JEI8:E)!%.R6]N<A5(\MB9&RZ8;!X(
MKA;KXGZ[\$_A)\==(T;6+_[-HGCNW\/:+?7]R]W+I-M>):%V$DI9F$?GRE-Y
M."5SD#%?2^F_LU^&]*\1^#-;@U7Q"U]X2M)++33/J;3*(Y,><) X/F&3:NXD
M\;0%VXIEK^S!X+&G^/=/U$:CK^G>.)3/K=GJMUYL4\NU5$B@ >6P5$ *D8V*
M1R,T >4?$/X9Z-X#_:2_9UET9[Y1-J&J0SBXOI;A;AETZ0B9][-F4C.7&"P/
M.<#'.1>(KKP7\5-*L?B99ZOITVI>+/M&A?$?1;Z2YTS5$>=C!I]T@?$ VD0A
M"NS*J1SEC[/I?[(_A2QU+PC?WFO^+M;N_"D[3:1+J6NRN;92@3RLKMW)M&/F
MR2.&+#BM6P_9K\-V<EK!+J>N7^@VFJ_VW;Z!>7HDLHKOSC,KA=H?:LIWK&6V
M!L?+Q0!Q'QYNYM$_:K_9WO;'Y;C4)]9TJZ"_\M+9K5)"&]0KHI^IKZ/0Y45Y
M!I_@R[^(7QRLO'NJV<MEH_ABRN-.T""Y4I+<3SE?M-X4ZHFQ$B0'EOG; &PG
MV#&*!"T444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110!Y#^U[_
M ,FN_%3_ +%R^_\ 1+54^ 7_ ":%X#_[$VU_](Q5O]KW_DUWXJ?]BY??^B6J
MI\ O^30O ?\ V)MK_P"D8H'T.+_X)K_\F9_#_P#W;S_TKFKZ=KYB_P"":_\
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M\0_]_KC_ .1:/^'EGQ$_Z-S\0_\ ?ZX_^1:^L_\ AI?X1?\ 13O"?_@[M_\
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M?_@[M_\ XN@#Y+_X>5_$3_HW/Q#_ -_KC_Y%I?\ AY9\1/\ HW/Q#_W^N/\
MY%KZS_X:7^$7_13O"?\ X.[?_P"+H_X:7^$7_13O"?\ X.[?_P"+H ^3/^'E
MGQ$_Z-S\0_\ ?ZX_^1:3_AY7\0_^C<_$/_?ZX_\ D6OK3_AI?X1?]%.\)_\
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M^_UQ_P#(M?6?_#2_PB_Z*=X3_P#!W;__ !='_#2_PB_Z*=X3_P#!W;__ !=
M'R9_P\L^(G_1N?B'_O\ 7'_R+1_P\L^(G_1N?B'_ +_7'_R+7UG_ ,-+_"+_
M **=X3_\'=O_ /%T?\-+_"+_ **=X3_\'=O_ /%T ?)G_#RSXB?]&Y^(?^_U
MQ_\ (M'_  \L^(G_ $;GXA_[_7'_ ,BU]9_\-+_"+_HIWA/_ ,'=O_\ %T?\
M-+_"+_HIWA/_ ,'=O_\ %T ?)G_#RSXB?]&Y^(?^_P!<?_(M'_#RSXB?]&Y^
M(?\ O]<?_(M?6?\ PTO\(O\ HIWA/_P=V_\ \71_PTO\(O\ HIWA/_P=V_\
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M\%L?^%>Q44 >._\ #'7P0_Z)9X6_\%L?^%'_  QU\$/^B6>%O_!;'_A7L5%
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M !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444
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M^V!_T2OP!_X/Y/\ &@#ZPHKY/_X3[]L#_HE?@#_P?R?XT?\ "??M@?\ 1*_
M'_@_D_QH ^L**^3_ /A/OVP/^B5^ /\ P?R?XT?\)]^V!_T2OP!_X/Y/\: /
MK"BOD_\ X3[]L#_HE?@#_P '\G^-'_"??M@?]$K\ ?\ @_D_QH ^L**^3_\
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M.L8=O0;B,FL+XE2Z[-X.NCX4US2="U@2PF._UB(S6R()%,@90R\E-P'/!(-
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M4M% "8HQ2T4 )BO$_P!M48_91^*1_P"H%<?R%>VUXG^VM_R:C\4O^P%<?R%
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M!\G7/_*2ZT_[)X__ *55]8U\G7/_ "DNM/\ LGC_ /I57UC0-A1110(****
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M!!1110 4444 %%%% !1110 5XG^VM_R:C\4O^P%<?R%>V5XG^VM_R:C\4O\
ML!7'\A0!U'[.O_)!/AS_ -B]8?\ HA*]$KSO]G7_ )()\.?^Q>L/_1"5Z)0
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MJ_LA?#O6? WP]U"7Q!%JD%[J.JW<MG;:O?37$\&FB=_L<3I([")EB(!5<$#
M;)% CV3PIXFTSQKX;TS7M'NDO])U*VCN[6Y3I)&ZAE;VX/3MTK6 Q7S9^P%=
MW$GP+O;*0DV6F^)M9LK#/3[.MXY3'L"S"OI2@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH *
M*** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH *\3_;6_Y-1^*7_8"N/Y"O;*\3_;6_
MY-1^*7_8"N/Y"@#J/V=?^2"?#G_L7K#_ -$)7HE>=_LZ_P#)!/AS_P!B]8?^
MB$KT2@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** //?C%\78_A!
MIVA7LVAW^MPZIJ]MI'^@%-T+SN$1F#,"1DXPN3].M<+<_M,ZY!=>,]*3X9:Q
M-XB\*1QWM]8+?VOEFQDC=XYEFW[2[".0>5URIYQS72?M"_#[Q#\1=!\-V?A^
M*Q>;3_$%CK$YO[AHE,=M*)"B[5;+-C S@#J:YZZ^%GC#_A9'Q?U^*TTR2R\7
M:'::78(UZRR1R01S)NE'ED!6^T$\$D;.GS< R]KW[2<,.@Z9J^@>'+W6=/O/
M#2^*OM=S*ME;I:, 4C$K_*;AL\1DC@9) JM?_$[PQXO\>?!+4#X;U"]E\26E
MUJ.@ZNTPBCLPUH))$DC#@L[1D#!4@<\C%<-IO[/'Q'M='\&:1<R>'-2T_2O!
M2>&#;WUQ,\&G7L:&,W\,83$ID3:,-M9.@;&<[7A/X)^/-%'P"%]'H<H\ V4M
MIJ)MKR7]Z'M5ME\K='\Q 7>2VT$G ]: +47[7+#3)=7G\ ZU::#8^)6\,ZK?
M37%OFRF^T);JX17)E7>Z[MGW0>YR*KV.LP>"/VI/C+JSP7MU:V?@W2-2EM+,
M27$LKB6^W"*/)^=A&H"K@$@>]8]_^S]X^NOA+XQ\,I#HBZCK/C8^)[=VOY/*
MC@-W'<^6Y\K.\>5LX&/FSGBND\6_"#XA:W\1/B=K^B:E8^&9/$_A6UT33=1B
MN7>XLKF SN)64(/E)N"H*G<NS=W  !L:-^TC)=ZMXBT;4/"5Y9ZYI7A]/$B6
M$%W#,\MNQ93$QRHBG4KAD;CD$,:A\$?M.CQ=KGP\M[KPAJFB:7X[LGN-&U*[
MFA823);_ &AX7C5BR?NPY#GAMI]1GD?#OP(\=Z3XHFUR+2/">D6]UX*E\.RZ
M787D[F.XWLZR&9H\R;V?+.PW #^,G-6O#_P*\:Z7;?L_0SP:._\ PKQ)X-2,
M=\^+E9+)[/,/[OTD\S#8Z;?>@#D_VCOB:?B?\.?#NM:/HMU)X77QII=O8:_'
M>A//VWZ122^2""T#%7122<\': 0:]5_:W^*&L_"_X50/X<F%IX@U_6;+P_8W
MS('%H]S+L:;:>"43>0#QG&<CBO+C^S;\4-+^$=C\+-/D\-7FA:!KUKJ6D:W>
M74T<TUI'>_:%AFA6,[9%R07#$,.@!KW?XY?!NV^.7PUN?#5]>/I5\)8;ZQU*
MV&]K*]A<213*#C<%8<@XRI(XS0!BZW^S5X=N?!UYINE7NK:5KTL!1?$B:E.U
M\\O'[R:0OF0,1\RG@@D #C'E!\>7OP@^.7[0&M6'AC4?$UO8V.D:I?PVMVJ)
M;PK:S23R*9GQNP"1$G7';K7L.@W7Q>U"T32-:TOPYI-RJJD_B+3]0DN$D_O/
M#:M$I5R,D*[E5/4MC!X_7?@SXRU#Q#\=+J&+2VM_'.APZ3ISR7K;XGCMI+??
M,!'@ ^:7PN?NX[\ &S?_ !!\.:Y\8OAK(GAC4-0U'5O#]]J>B:T+@1Q)"8HG
MDA,7F#+LK1\LN!G@]:R/#O[6QUS3_"VL3>!=9TWPYK6NR>')-2N)[<_9+P7$
ML" QJY9T+Q$%UX4L!S@D/T#X0^,])\7_  ;U22UTIK;P9X=GT>_5+U]\TDD4
M<8:(>7@J/(4_-@_/T^7GF=-_9_\ 'VG_  @\+>%C;Z')J.C^-V\3R.+^0120
M&^EO/*!\K._]]Y?0#*[NAQ0!WOB#]I1/#?B>&TO?#%_;Z(_B2/PN-2N)$BED
MN7"@310-\TEOO=4\Q3G.2%P,U[6IR*^4O%?[/'Q)U_4=;G:3PUJ%Y_PE]KXA
ML=9U*XG-S+9Q3K)'8LH0B!(E&!L)#XSM#,6KZIMUD6)?-*F7 W%>F>^/:@1\
MIW/_ "DNM/\ LGC_ /I57UC7R=<_\I+K3_LGC_\ I57UC0-A1110(**** "B
MBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH *1N5-+10!Y-%X&OO /Q
MGU?Q;HUFU[HOB^*V@URW@QYMK=P@QPWBC^)6C81R <CRXV (#5J>#_@3X7\$
M^.-7\8:6=377M9VG4KF?4IIA=[1A/,1F*G8.%P!@<#BO1:* /-]*^ ?A?1OB
M9>>/[8ZH/%-Y&(+F\?4YF$T*G*Q-&6V[%/(7'';J:I3?LT>!I-5U:X2RO(--
MUBZ^WZGH4%]*FF7MQG)EEM@=A+$*6 PK[1N#5ZK10!PNI?!SP[JGQ*L/'LPO
MAXDL+5K*VN([Z58XX&P7B$8.S:Q"DC')53V%>0_&?X!6WAKX5>)-,\'^%M0\
M5VOB;6K>^\2Z:VIN]U/%YJO<7%MYK@"Y_=IMP1T!'*@5],4E 'R+\,OAE'-X
MZT'5? VB?$_P8EE>K)J4_C#4YULY;49WVXM9I7,Q<< @ )][=D 'Z9\=^!=,
M^(_A:]\/:R;IM*OHS%=0VMR\!FC(PT;,A!VD$@C/(KH<#TI: /.#\ O"3_"F
M7X<20WTWA"2%;;[#+?RL5@4C$(<G<$& -N>G'2J&C?LR> =&^'^H>!O[-NK_
M ,'WD:Q'1M1U">Y@A"G(\D.Q,6#R-A&" 1BO5J* .!\)_!G0O"5[)?QW&J:G
MK#61TZ/5=6U"2ZNH+8D'RHY'/R D!B1RQ52Q.!7/I^RQX"7X=:MX%-KJ3^%M
M5NVO;VP?59R)Y6;?(2V[=AW^=AG!;DUZ]10!\@_&CX=1/\6(;CQ1X \;>(/#
MFGZ);Z;HFO>"[^66])WEYTO/+D27AMFP_,N-Q)RW'7?##PQXM^'OA/Q)_P (
MUIGB7R-8>*'0-'\7:H;R:PEVOYEU/(S,883N0^3N9OW1P TFT?1^ >U&* .-
M^#WPTL/@_P##C0_".FNT\&FP;'N7&&N)F8O+,P[%Y&9B.V[':NSHHH ****
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M_A,I_A0%CZLHKY3_ .%2?M7?]%S\,_\ A,I_A1_PJ3]J[_HN?AG_ ,)E/\*
ML?5E%?*?_"I/VKO^BY^&?_"93_"C_A4G[5W_ $7/PS_X3*?X4!8^K**^4_\
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MZ+GX9_\ "93_  H"Q]645\I_\*D_:N_Z+GX9_P#"93_"C_A4G[5W_1<_#/\
MX3*?X4!8^K**^4_^%2?M7?\ 1<_#/_A,I_A1_P *D_:N_P"BY^&?_"93_"@+
M'U917RG_ ,*D_:N_Z+GX9_\ "93_  H_X5)^U=_T7/PS_P"$RG^% 6/JRBOE
M/_A4G[5W_1<_#/\ X3*?X4?\*D_:N_Z+GX9_\)E/\* L?5E%?*?_  J3]J[_
M *+GX9_\)E/\*/\ A4G[5W_1<_#/_A,I_A0%CZLHKY3_ .%2?M7?]%S\,_\
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M'/AU20==TT$$@C[7'U_.M6TO8+^VCN+::.X@D&Y)8F#*P]01P:^=[C_@GE\
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M6W%<(P!YYYI/A%^RU\,_@5K=[JW@GPXNBZA>6XM9YA=32[X]P;;AV('(!XH
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MZ5RGQ>^ _@CX[Z58:;XWT4:U9V,YN;>-IY(MDA7:3E&!/!QS7(?#G]B_X/\
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M0 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
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M0<@XJ31/V9=)\+S?#;^Q]:OK"T\#?:FLK7RHG2X>YW>>925R V]L*FT+GC@
M5Z_=7]K8JAN+B* .=JF1PN3Z#/>L;6]0UVV\2>'X-.L["XT>X>8:G/<W1CFA
M 3,7DH%(D);(()&!S0!XQJO['=E=>'=;\*Z=XUU[1?!>HZFNKQ:';) ZV-Q]
MH%P_DR.A81M("VPY )/;BMG5_P!F*&X\=:GXAT;QOXD\,PZZD2^(-,TZ2(0Z
MJZ($\TED)AD9 %9XMI(Z8.#7LPU"V\Q(S<1>8[%53>,D@9( ]1Z5Y]X>^*.H
M:O\ '/QAX$N=,M[:ST32K#4X+V.X,CW N))T(9-H";?(/&3G.<T >B6=G#86
MT5O @CAB18T0=%4# 'Y"IZKVVHVMXLC07$4RQMM<QN&VGT..AI8[ZWFE\I)X
MWDV"38K@G:>AQZ>] $]%>6?'7XP7?PITK1+G3K&SU6:]UJQTNXBGN_+:WCN)
MEB\T*%);&>AQ]>U=EX[\;:1\-_!VK^*-?O%L-&TJW>ZNKA@3M11V Y+$X  Y
M)( H Z&BO'O^%F_$23P-/XPB^'\#60LVO8- ?5,:M)'M+H&41F)9",?N]YQG
M&XGBG>"_C?=^)/BYKGA2^TNVTS3;#P]INN0W[71+R_:VD78ZLJA-IC(QDY_2
M@#U^BN>UW4==MO$7AZ#3;.PN-'N)9EU.XN;HQS0J(R8S"@4B0E^""1@<UL#4
M+82)&;B(2.Q14WC)8#) 'KCM0!9HJO)J%K%<QV[W$23R9*1,X#-CK@=34^<T
M +1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444
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M9H&IR0+<K;7DA5C&20&Z="5/Y5RW_#<WP(_Z*=H/_?\ /^%>8^*?#&C^+?\
M@H]:6.N:59:Q9#X?M(+>_MUFC#"ZX;:P(SR>?>OHO_A1?PX_Z$+PS_X*8/\
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M_: \;ZS%XWO/ %C]K;PUJ-QIECI+:%=WAUB>V(6=&N(R$@W/NC3&[!7<W!P
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M\/'4[75DO?[3,L_D&);W[9@+LW;B_P GICYO:OI6'Q]X>G\8CPK'JUL_B$V
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M&, 5[?H7B#3/$^F0ZCI-_;ZE83<QW-K()(W'J&'!J_D4 > Z-\(O&WPD\?\
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MT-M3^S-:7-L"(IX)73$B;6(*D ]Q7'-^S[\2Y?V<_C)X*N--T8ZSXOUZ_O[
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MGCXP7G@!=&N=$\-ZCXCTWQ=;:_/XDN-5;[3XA2.[,J[OW9, 5"J[22 %PJT
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MA)>H#G9<2LTLB9'!VLY7(Z[:]8H$%%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444
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M\A)#PRKT=&&"K<D9!Y!(.02*U%! YI:* "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH
M**** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH *R=5\,Z;KE[IUUJ%I'>3:=+Y]KYN
M2L<N,!PO3<.S$97MBM:B@!%&!BEHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HH
MHH **** "O$_VUO^34?BE_V KC^0KVRO$_VUO^34?BE_V KC^0H ZC]G7_D@
MGPY_[%ZP_P#1"5Z)7G?[.O\ R03X<_\ 8O6'_HA*]$H **** "BBB@ HHHH
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M/?#G_H6_'/\ X3LU'_#Q[X<_]"WXY_\ "=FKZLQ1B@#Y3_X>/?#G_H6_'/\
MX3LU'_#Q[X<_]"WXY_\ "=FKZLQ1B@#Y3_X>/?#G_H6_'/\ X3LU'_#Q[X<_
M]"WXY_\ "=FKZLQ1B@#Y3_X>/?#G_H6_'/\ X3LU'_#Q[X<_]"WXY_\ "=FK
MZLQ1B@#Y3_X>/?#G_H6_'/\ X3LU'_#Q[X<_]"WXY_\ "=FKZLQ1B@#Y3_X>
M/?#G_H6_'/\ X3LU'_#Q[X<_]"WXY_\ "=FKZLQ1B@#Y3_X>/?#G_H6_'/\
MX3LU'_#Q[X<_]"WXY_\ "=FKZLQ1B@#Y3_X>/?#G_H6_'/\ X3LU'_#Q[X<_
M]"WXY_\ "=FKZLQ1B@#Y3_X>/?#G_H6_'/\ X3LU'_#Q[X<_]"WXY_\ "=FK
MZLQ1B@#Y3_X>/?#G_H6_'/\ X3LU'_#Q[X<_]"WXY_\ "=FKZLQ1B@#Y3_X>
M/?#G_H6_'/\ X3LU'_#Q[X<_]"WXY_\ "=FKZLQ1B@#Y3_X>/?#H_P#,M>.?
M_"=FJO9_\%+_ (7ZB)3:Z)XRNA$YBD,.A2/L<=5.#P1Z&OK-N,5\_?LB?#36
M/AO!\3UUB>PG;5_&5]JEN;&Z6?;%)MVA\?=?@Y4\B@#E?^'CWPY_Z%OQS_X3
MLU'_  \>^'/_ $+?CG_PG9J^K,48H ^4_P#AX]\.?^A;\<_^$[-1_P /'OAS
M_P!"WXY_\)V:OJS%&* /E/\ X>/?#G_H6_'/_A.S4?\ #Q[X<_\ 0M^.?_"=
MFKZLQ1B@#Y3_ .'CWPY_Z%OQS_X3LU'_  \>^'/_ $+?CG_PG9J^K,48H ^4
M_P#AX]\.?^A;\<_^$[-1_P /'OAS_P!"WXY_\)V:OJS%&* /E/\ X>/?#G_H
M6_'/_A.S4?\ #Q[X<_\ 0M^.?_"=FKZLQ1B@#Y3_ .'CWPY_Z%OQS_X3LU'_
M  \>^'/_ $+?CG_PG9J^K,48H ^4_P#AX]\.?^A;\<_^$[-1_P /'OAS_P!"
MWXY_\)V:OJS%&* /E/\ X>/?#G_H6_'/_A.S4?\ #Q[X<_\ 0M^.?_"=FKZL
MQ1B@#Y3_ .'CWPY_Z%OQS_X3LU'_  \>^'/_ $+?CG_PG9J^K,48H ^4_P#A
MX]\.?^A;\<_^$[-1_P /'OAS_P!"WXY_\)V:OJS%&* /E/\ X>/?#G_H6_'/
M_A.S4?\ #Q[X<_\ 0M^.?_"=FKZLQ1B@#Y3_ .'CWPY_Z%OQS_X3LU'_  \>
M^'/_ $+?CG_PG9J^K,48H ^4_P#AX]\.?^A;\<_^$[-1_P /'OAS_P!"WXY_
M\)V:OJS%&* /E/\ X>/?#G_H6_'/_A.S5YS^T9^V_P"#/BG\#/&_A/1_#GC,
M:IJ^ES6MM]HT"9(][#C<W85]Y8HQ0,\^_9[BDM_@3\.XI4:*1/#]BKQR*592
M($R"#R#]:]"IH&#3J!!1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444
M %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110
M4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1
M110 UB*^;?V*_ GB#P-;?%A=?T:ZT=M2\<:A?V?VJ/89[=]NR1?53@X-?23=
M/QKYF_8?UK7-9M/BX=;OM0O3;^.]1AM?[0ED?RX!MVK'OZ(.P'% 'TW1110
M4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1
M110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%
M% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444
M %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110
M4444 -;G'%?//['WQ/\ $GQ-@^*#^(]06_;2/&=]I=D5@2+RK:/;L3Y0-V,G
MD\U]#-U%?/W[(?C^/Q[;_$YH_#6C>'/[,\97VG$:/#Y8NRFW]_+ZRMGD^U '
MT'1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444
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M=:?]D\?_ -*J^L:!GRK_ ,.Z/ '_ $.GQ'_\*:3_ .(H_P"'='@#_H=/B/\
M^%-)_P#$5]544"/E7_AW1X _Z'3XC_\ A32?_$4?\.Z/ '_0Z?$?_P *:3_X
MBOJJB@#Y5_X=T> /^AT^(_\ X4TG_P 11_P[H\ ?]#I\1_\ PII/_B*^JJ*
M/E7_ (=T> /^AT^(_P#X4TG_ ,11_P .Z/ '_0Z?$?\ \*:3_P"(KZJHH ^5
M?^'='@#_ *'3XC_^%-)_\11_P[H\ ?\ 0Z?$?_PII/\ XBOJJB@#Y5_X=T>
M/^AT^(__ (4TG_Q%'_#NCP!_T.GQ'_\ "FD_^(KZJHH ^5?^'='@#_H=/B/_
M .%-)_\ $4?\.Z/ '_0Z?$?_ ,*:3_XBOJJB@#Y5_P"'='@#_H=/B/\ ^%-)
M_P#$4?\ #NCP!_T.GQ'_ /"FD_\ B*^JJ* /E7_AW1X _P"AT^(__A32?_$4
M?\.Z/ '_ $.GQ'_\*:3_ .(KZJHH ^5?^'='@#_H=/B/_P"%-)_\11_P[H\
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MVF4JWEOG9*N?O(VU@&'&58=016W0!\J_\.Z/ '_0Z?$?_P *:3_XBC_AW1X
M_P"AT^(__A32?_$5]544 ?*O_#NCP!_T.GQ'_P#"FD_^(H_X=T> /^AT^(__
M (4TG_Q%?55% 'RK_P .Z/ '_0Z?$?\ \*:3_P"(H_X=T> /^AT^(_\ X4TG
M_P 17U510!\J_P##NCP!_P!#I\1__"FD_P#B*\X_:-_8G\)_"SX&>-_%FC>,
MOB VJ:/I<MW;"Y\1R/'O4<;E"C(]LBOO&O$_VUO^34?BE_V KC^0H&=7^SY/
M+=? KX>S3RR3S2>'[%WDE<NS,8$)))Y)/J:]!KSO]G7_ )()\.?^Q>L/_1"5
MZ)0(**** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BB
MB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** /DZY_Y276G_ &3Q_P#TJKZQKY.N?^4E
MUI_V3Q__ $JKZQH&PHHHH$%%%% !1110 57U"_ATNRGN[@L(84+N40L<#T !
M)^@JQ37&1^(_G0!Y3:?M4?"^_L[B\M_%MI-8VTK0SW:)(8('7AEDDV[4([@D
M8[UZ5H^MV'B'3+;4M+NX-0T^Y020W5M()(Y%/1E8<$5\4_LJ_$'Q)X3^&GQ*
MCTCX;ZUXUA3QIKLH:PN;54E8S<Q%9) Q]_E.<\9Z5-^S/\2K'X._LEQ7>D7\
M'B'6M0\42V$>D00S+%I-_>7(_P!#,>WS L 9F957+;6VYR#0,^W2<"O._P#A
M?O@S_A5UW\0_M]Q_PBUK+)#+=?8IO,#)-Y! BV;S\_'"^_2N)\"?$CXCW?Q*
MU+PQ?:1+J^A7&EM>Z=XHET.YTR"WNU;!M;A)"<@@AE=3T!!&:X2Y_:5\=G]B
MW4/BM;V.@'Q#97-TMQ:R1R_9?+CO7M_D7.2> ?F(SSTH"Q](:Q\1=$T'Q-X9
MT"\GECU/Q$TRZ=&MO(ZR>5'YC[F PF%_O$9Z5TU>+^-_B?XF\-_'7X3^%X8=
M,?P_XJ2^^TRNKF[22WM&E^3^$*3M]3P:\['QH^,/B"Y^-%GI2>$[*?P#?%(I
MIX[B5+J,6:W(BV@@AB& +YP.@4]: /JRBOGN;]H?4_$FD_ R#2+>#2+_ .)U
MH;[[9=H98["-+-;ET501OD;>%4$@8#,<[<'2^!?Q0\;>-?B/\1/#7B%-&DL?
M!]^NE_;;&.6.6\=XHYHY-K$HH\M\,H8D,/0T"/0/$_Q?\(>"_$FE:%KNMV^D
MZGJDJP645WF-;B1ONHCD;2Q],YK4\9^.-%^'V@SZUX@ODTW2K?F:ZE!*1#^\
MQ .![GBO(/VO? &E_%/0_ 'A'65D.F:QXHCMY6A<I)&?L=VR2(W9E=58?[O-
M>/3_ !6\1:3\'OBG\&/B;/O^(.A>&[N;3]5(PGB'3A&0ETA[R*!B1>H()]<
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M^+=GXXL_C/\ L[MXJU'2-0CN/$TTCQZ?;/";2?[#+F-2SMYL>"?F(5LCI@X
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MH \=^&>@_%]KG^T_B)JWAZ6>PMWAL],\.^='!=RD &>X>09' ^5%7 W$G)
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M0:.I_#SXK>.OAAXTL?%6I^'TU_7=&GT6STW3'F73K-9D97N)'93)))\PX
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MB'5/'%GXO?1KZWTW5C%IFIZ&KK!+$P),+;_O21?*&8<9;'537K1&:C@MH[9
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MQ#\/?B1>>.OAKK@\.:7KNB:9H?\ 9]UX?U+4E2+3=1W+B^X5EGP@VC@LO)4
MDT 4KG]K_67_ &?/#GQ%T_PG;W<][KR:#?68O_EBD^U_9C)"VW]XK$9&=N 1
MGO79^%?BKXEU7XT:M\,?&_AS2K7[;H+ZYITEC=M=1R6WG>1)!<!D4;P6&=N5
M(SR:\87]GCXIVO[/T?@-]&TB[O[;QHNN1SP:F%26W6^-TS'<ORELA57D]V(K
MV.7P1XNN?VKM(\=G1(8_#4?A:70II6O8_.262=;C<(QU4%=AYR3R.* *X_9(
M\+R?#[3_  I+8:6MJNM-K4[PV 06SLZNR60S_HX.Q$R"3M!/WCD1>/=>/PM_
M:F^'<MK^ZT[XA0WFCZG"O"/=VT8FM9\?W]OF1D]U(S]Q:^@2<#-?/OQ-T%OB
M7^U+\++2T'F6G@>&]\0:I*OW8I)HQ;VD1/9F(E?']U"?2@1]! Y -+2*,*!Z
M4M !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %>)_MK?\FH_%+_
M + 5Q_(5[97B?[:W_)J/Q2_[ 5Q_(4 =1^SK_P D$^'/_8O6'_HA*]$KSO\
M9U_Y()\.?^Q>L/\ T0E>B4 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
M!1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% 'R=<_P#*2ZT_
M[)X__I57UC7Q[XG\2Z3X5_X*06E[K.IVFE6A^'[1B>]G6)"QNN!N8@9X/'M7
MT9_PN[X??]#MX?\ _!G#_P#%4#.VHKB?^%W?#[_H=O#_ /X,X?\ XJC_ (7=
M\/O^AV\/_P#@SA_^*H$=M17$_P#"[OA]_P!#MX?_ /!G#_\ %4?\+N^'W_0[
M>'__  9P_P#Q5 ';45Q/_"[OA]_T.WA__P &</\ \51_PN[X??\ 0[>'_P#P
M9P__ !5 ';45Q/\ PN[X??\ 0[>'_P#P9P__ !5'_"[OA]_T.WA__P &</\
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M>'__  9P_P#Q5 ':[:-HKBO^%W?#[_H=O#__ (,X?_BJ/^%W?#[_ *';P_\
M^#.'_P"*H [7;1BN*_X7=\/O^AV\/_\ @SA_^*H_X7=\/O\ H=O#_P#X,X?_
M (J@#M2,UE:#X6TSPTMW_9UJMN]W.US<RY+23RMU=V.2QP !D\  # &*Y_\
MX7=\/O\ H=O#_P#X,X?_ (JC_A=WP^_Z';P__P"#.'_XJ@#M0,"EKB?^%W?#
M[_H=O#__ (,X?_BJ/^%W?#[_ *';P_\ ^#.'_P"*H [:BN)_X7=\/O\ H=O#
M_P#X,X?_ (JC_A=WP^_Z';P__P"#.'_XJ@#MJ*XG_A=WP^_Z';P__P"#.'_X
MJC_A=WP^_P"AV\/_ /@SA_\ BJ .VHKB?^%W?#[_ *';P_\ ^#.'_P"*H_X7
M=\/O^AV\/_\ @SA_^*H [:BN)_X7=\/O^AV\/_\ @SA_^*H_X7=\/O\ H=O#
M_P#X,X?_ (J@#MJ*XG_A=WP^_P"AV\/_ /@SA_\ BJ/^%W?#[_H=O#__ (,X
M?_BJ .VHKB?^%W?#[_H=O#__ (,X?_BJ/^%W?#[_ *';P_\ ^#.'_P"*H [:
MBN)_X7=\/O\ H=O#_P#X,X?_ (JC_A=WP^_Z';P__P"#.'_XJ@#MJ*XG_A=W
MP^_Z';P__P"#.'_XJC_A=WP^_P"AV\/_ /@SA_\ BJ .VKQ/]M;_ )-1^*7_
M & KC^0KMO\ A=WP^_Z';P__ .#.'_XJO'OVP/BQX*US]F'XF6.G^+-%O;R?
M1)TBMX+^)W<X' 4-DGZ4#/4_V=?^2"?#G_L7K#_T0E>B5YW^SK_R03X<_P#8
MO6'_ *(2O1*!!1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
M!1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110!Y=\3/V8_A?\8]>CUGQGX-T
M_P 0:G' MNES=[]PC!)"\,!P6/;O7)?\,$_ #_HEVA_E+_\ %U[]10!X#_PP
M3\ /^B7:'^4O_P 71_PP3\ /^B7:'^4O_P 77OU% '@/_#!/P _Z)=H?Y2__
M !='_#!/P _Z)=H?Y2__ !=>_44 > _\,$_ #_HEVA_E+_\ %T?\,$_ #_HE
MVA_E+_\ %U[]10!X#_PP3\ /^B7:'^4O_P 71_PP3\ /^B7:'^4O_P 77OU%
M '@/_#!/P _Z)=H?Y2__ !='_#!/P _Z)=H?Y2__ !=>_44 > _\,$_ #_HE
MVA_E+_\ %T?\,$_ #_HEVA_E+_\ %U[]10!X#_PP3\ /^B7:'^4O_P 71_PP
M3\ /^B7:'^4O_P 77OU% '@/_#!/P _Z)=H?Y2__ !='_#!/P _Z)=H?Y2__
M !=>_44 > _\,$_ #_HEVA_E+_\ %T?\,$_ #_HEVA_E+_\ %U[]10!X#_PP
M3\ /^B7:'^4O_P 71_PP3\ /^B7:'^4O_P 77OU% '@/_#!/P _Z)=H?Y2__
M !='_#!/P _Z)=H?Y2__ !=>_44 > _\,$_ #_HEVA_E+_\ %T?\,$_ #_HE
MVA_E+_\ %U[]10!X#_PP3\ /^B7:'^4O_P 71_PP3\ /^B7:'^4O_P 77OU%
M '@/_#!/P _Z)=H?Y2__ !='_#!/P _Z)=H?Y2__ !=>_44 > ']@GX 8_Y)
M=HGY2_\ Q=>"?LO_ +.WPC^+WB/XOV.O_"[POY/A7Q=<:+IWV2WEC/V= "N\
M^8=S>_%??)KY&_8._P"1V_:/_P"RB7G_ *"*!G>?\,$_ #_HEVA_E+_\71_P
MP3\ /^B7:'^4O_Q=>_44"/ ?^&"?@!_T2[0_RE_^+H_X8)^ '_1+M#_*7_XN
MO?J* / ?^&"?@!_T2[0_RE_^+H_X8)^ '_1+M#_*7_XNO?J* / ?^&"?@!_T
M2[0_RE_^+H_X8)^ '_1+M#_*7_XNO?J* / ?^&"?@!_T2[0_RE_^+H_X8)^
M'_1+M#_*7_XNO?J* / ?^&"?@!_T2[0_RE_^+H_X8)^ '_1+M#_*7_XNO?J*
M / ?^&"?@!_T2[0_RE_^+H_X8)^ '_1+M#_*7_XNO?J* / ?^&"?@!_T2[0_
MRE_^+H_X8)^ '_1+M#_*7_XNO?J* / ?^&"?@!_T2[0_RE_^+H_X8)^ '_1+
MM#_*7_XNO?J* / ?^&"?@!_T2[0_RE_^+H_X8)^ '_1+M#_*7_XNO?J* / ?
M^&"?@!_T2[0_RE_^+H_X8)^ '_1+M#_*7_XNO?J* / ?^&"?@!_T2[0_RE_^
M+H_X8)^ '_1+M#_*7_XNO?J* / ?^&"?@!_T2[0_RE_^+H_X8)^ '_1+M#_*
M7_XNO?J* / ?^&"?@!_T2[0_RE_^+H_X8)^ '_1+M#_*7_XNO?J* / ?^&"?
M@!_T2[0_RE_^+H_X8*^ (Z?"_1 ?82C_ -GKWZB@"AH6AV/AK1;#2=,MTL].
ML8$MK:WCSMBC10JJ,\X  %7Z** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "
MBBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **
M** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHH
MH **** "BBB@!#7R-^P=_P CM^T?_P!E$O/_ $$5]<FOD;]@[_D=OVC_ /LH
MEY_Z"* /KJBBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BB
MB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH ****
M "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH
M**** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ H
MHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH 0U\C?L'?\CM^T?\ ]E$O/_017UR:^1OV#O\ D=OV
MC_\ LHEY_P"@B@#ZZHHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "
MBBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **
M** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHH
MH **** "BO)/BG^U9\+_ (*^)8M!\9>*8=&U62W6[2WD@E<F(D@-E5(ZJ?RK
MCO\ AX1\ _\ H?[;_P !)_\ XB@#Z,HKYS_X>$? /_H?[;_P$G_^(H_X>$?
M/_H?[;_P$G_^(H ^C**^<_\ AX1\ _\ H?[;_P !)_\ XBC_ (>$? /_ *'^
MV_\  2?_ .(H ^C**^<_^'A'P#_Z'^V_\!)__B*/^'A'P#_Z'^V_\!)__B*
M/HRBOG/_ (>$? /_ *'^V_\  2?_ .(H_P"'A'P#_P"A_MO_  $G_P#B* /H
MRBOG/_AX1\ _^A_MO_ 2?_XBC_AX1\ _^A_MO_ 2?_XB@#Z,HKYS_P"'A'P#
M_P"A_MO_  $G_P#B*/\ AX1\ _\ H?[;_P !)_\ XB@#Z,HKYS_X>$? /_H?
M[;_P$G_^(H_X>$? /_H?[;_P$G_^(H ^C**^<_\ AX1\ _\ H?[;_P !)_\
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M ?1E%?.?_#PCX!_]#_;?^ D__P 11_P\(^ ?_0_VW_@)/_\ $4 ?1E%?.?\
MP\(^ ?\ T/\ ;?\ @)/_ /$4?\/"/@'_ -#_ &W_ ("3_P#Q% 'T917SG_P\
M(^ ?_0_VW_@)/_\ $4?\/"/@'_T/]M_X"3__ !% 'T917SG_ ,/"/@'_ -#_
M &W_ ("3_P#Q%'_#PCX!_P#0_P!M_P" D_\ \10!]&45\Y_\/"/@'_T/]M_X
M"3__ !%'_#PCX!_]#_;?^ D__P 10!]&45\Y_P##PCX!_P#0_P!M_P" D_\
M\11_P\(^ ?\ T/\ ;?\ @)/_ /$4 ?1E%?.?_#PCX!_]#_;?^ D__P 11_P\
M(^ ?_0_VW_@)/_\ $4 ?1E%?.?\ P\(^ ?\ T/\ ;?\ @)/_ /$4?\/"/@'_
M -#_ &W_ ("3_P#Q% 'T917SG_P\(^ ?_0_VW_@)/_\ $4?\/"/@'_T/]M_X
M"3__ !% 'T917SG_ ,/"/@'_ -#_ &W_ ("3_P#Q%'_#PCX!_P#0_P!M_P"
MD_\ \10!]&45\Y_\/"/@'_T/]M_X"3__ !%'_#PCX!_]#_;?^ D__P 10!]&
M45\Y_P##PCX!_P#0_P!M_P" D_\ \10?^"A7P"4$GQ_;8 R?]$G_ /B* /HR
MBLWP[K]CXKT+3M9TNX%UINH6Z75M.H($D3J&5L'GD$&M*@ HHHH **** "BB
MB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH ****
M "BBB@ HHHH ^0]<TBQUO_@I+:6^H65O?V__  KYF\JZA65-PNN#A@1GFOIG
M_A7'A/\ Z%?1O_!?#_\ $U\XW/\ RDNM/^R>/_Z55]8T#9SG_"N/"?\ T*^C
M?^"^'_XFC_A7'A/_ *%?1O\ P7P__$UT=% CG/\ A7'A/_H5]&_\%\/_ ,31
M_P *X\)_]"OHW_@OA_\ B:Z(UPWQ ^-7A/X7:EI%CXDOY=/N-7G6UL!]EED%
MS,W2)"BD%_\ 9ZT :_\ PKCPG_T*^C?^"^'_ .)H_P"%<>$_^A7T;_P7P_\
MQ-0Q?$339?'T/A#RKU=5ETK^UPS6D@@$/F>7@R8VA\_P$YQ74T <Y_PKCPG_
M -"OHW_@OA_^)H_X5QX3_P"A7T;_ ,%\/_Q-='10!SG_  KCPG_T*^C?^"^'
M_P")H_X5QX3_ .A7T;_P7P__ !-='10!SG_"N/"?_0KZ-_X+X?\ XFC_ (5Q
MX3_Z%?1O_!?#_P#$UT=07MVMC:S7#I(Z1(7*Q(7<@=@HY)]A0!A_\*X\)_\
M0KZ-_P""^'_XFC_A7'A/_H5]&_\ !?#_ /$USWPW^/O@GXM:SJ^E>%]6;4K_
M $@A=0A^RRQFU8D@+)O4;6.#\IYX-:'A?XN>'?&.M:[I6DSW-S>Z'(8=00V4
MR"WD"AO++,H!;!!V@DX(- &C_P *X\)_]"OHW_@OA_\ B:/^%<>$_P#H5]&_
M\%\/_P 31\//'6G_ !*\'Z=XDTJ.[BL+Y6:)+ZV>WF 5V0[HW 9>5/7M@UT=
M '.?\*X\)_\ 0KZ-_P""^'_XFC_A7'A/_H5]&_\ !?#_ /$UT=% '.?\*X\)
M_P#0KZ-_X+X?_B:/^%<>$_\ H5]&_P#!?#_\34?C'X@:;X(O/#UM?QWDDFN:
MDFEVOV6U>8+*RLP,A4$(N%/S' Z5TP.: .=_X5QX3_Z%?1O_  7P_P#Q-'_"
MN/"?_0KZ-_X+X?\ XFNCKS3Q#^T1X)\+>.!X/U#4+F/Q(8C<+IT6GW$LKQ9(
M\Q0B'*9!&X<4 =1_PKCPG_T*^C?^"^'_ .)H_P"%<>$_^A7T;_P7P_\ Q-97
M@7XT>#OB/?W>GZ#K<%UJEH-UQITH:&ZB7^\T+@.![XQ6CIGQ!TW5O'>M^$H(
M[Q=3TBVM[JX>6U=8"DV[9LE(VN?D.0#Q0!)_PKCPG_T*^C?^"^'_ .)H_P"%
M<>$_^A7T;_P7P_\ Q-='10!SG_"N/"?_ $*^C?\ @OA_^)H_X5QX3_Z%?1O_
M  7P_P#Q-=$3@5Q7@/XO>'?B/XB\5:+HL\\U[X:N(K345FMGA"2NA=5&\#=P
M,Y''(H T_P#A7'A/_H5]&_\ !?#_ /$T?\*X\)_]"QHW_@OA_P#B:Z.B@#G/
M^%<>$_\ H5]&_P#!?#_\31_PKCPG_P!"OHW_ (+X?_B:Z.B@#G/^%<>$_P#H
M5]&_\%\/_P 31_PKCPG_ -"OHW_@OA_^)K(\9_&CPMX"\0VFAZM>7 U6ZMFO
M([6ULIKE_)#;2Y\M&VC=QSBN7T;]K/X9Z_;6%U8Z]+/8WUVMA!>C3[D6[3M)
MY83S3'M!W_+R>O% '?\ _"N/"?\ T*^C?^"^'_XFC_A7'A/_ *%?1O\ P7P_
M_$UT0.103@4 <[_PKCPG_P!"OHW_ (+X?_B:/^%<>$_^A7T;_P %\/\ \367
MXL^+_AWP7XV\*^$]2GGCUKQ+.]OIT:6SLDC+&TC9<#:N%0G!.?:NV!R,T <[
M_P *X\)_]"OHW_@OA_\ B:/^%<>$_P#H5]&_\%\/_P 371T4 <Y_PKCPG_T*
M^C?^"^'_ .)H_P"%<>$_^A7T;_P7P_\ Q-9OQ#^+GA_X8W?AZVUR:>&;7M1B
MTNQ$-N\@>>0X52P&%[GDCH:[2@#G?^%<>$_^A7T;_P %\/\ \31_PKCPG_T*
M^C?^"^'_ .)KHZ* .<_X5QX3_P"A7T;_ ,%\/_Q-'_"N/"?_ $*^C?\ @OA_
M^)KHZ* .<_X5QX3_ .A7T;_P7P__ !-'_"N/"?\ T*^C?^"^'_XFL'7?C?X:
MT?Q)<^'X'O=<UNT"M=V6BV,MZ]JK=#+Y:D1Y'.&()!&!6IX$^*?AKXDR:G'X
M?U);Z73)$AO8O+='MY&7<(W5@"K8Y*GD9&: +7_"N/"?_0KZ-_X+X?\ XFC_
M (5QX3_Z%?1O_!?#_P#$UT=% '.?\*X\)_\ 0KZ-_P""^'_XFC_A7'A/_H5]
M&_\ !?#_ /$UT+-M&<9K@?#?QT\(^+?'&J>$-*O;BY\0Z44&H67V*96M-PRI
MD)0!01R"3SVH W?^%<>$_P#H5]&_\%\/_P 31_PKCPG_ -"OHW_@OA_^)KH9
M'6)&=B%51DDG  IJ2AU##!!&01T- &!_PKCPG_T*^C?^"^'_ .)H_P"%<>$_
M^A7T;_P7P_\ Q-9G@KXO>'?'_BSQ5X=TB>>74?#,L,&HI-;/$(WE4L@!8#=P
M,Y''(KMJ .<_X5QX3_Z%?1O_  7P_P#Q-'_"N/"?_0KZ-_X+X?\ XFNCHH Y
MS_A7'A/_ *%?1O\ P7P__$UXW^V1X&\.:9^RW\3KJS\/Z5:W,6ASM'-#8Q*Z
M' Y!"Y%?0]>)_MK?\FH_%+_L!7'\A0!U'[.W_)!/AU_V+UA_Z(2O1*\[_9U_
MY()\.?\ L7K#_P!$)7HE !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4
M444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110!\G7/_ "DNM/\
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M@%JGB[XFZ'XZ^(^N6VM7GA\N^B:'IENT5A83,,-.2Y+32XX#':%[#/-4+WX
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M*B_X9)UGQ@GQ@M?&_B'3KJP^(2VDK)I5H\<MC<01*L<B.S<A&4$ CG')&<
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M792>WG)WZ?2<T"3Q-%(JO&RE65AD,",$$>E 'SM_P3^L84_99\(ZR7-UJOB
MW.KZI?.<R75W+._F.Y[D8"^P4#M75_'#Q;I?P \*^)?'UAIT4WB'69;#34B=
M]D=U=O((+8R$#("^;\S==B>PKG? OP/\=_ 9K_1?AQJFAZCX%N+J6\M-%\0F
M:*72FD8L\<,L2OOBW$L%901D\FM_X@_ "Z^,/PQ\0^'?%^ONVJ:L89H;O3XR
ML.ERPN)(&@1CD[7&YF8Y?D<#  !B>)OB1XQ^"WQ+^'FF^)]3M/$WASQE??V(
M]Q!9?99M/OS&7B90&8/"Y!7!^9>#DU]  @BO%+7X1^+_ !OXB\$:C\1K[1KF
M/PC<'4+:+1A+B^OO+:-+B3>!Y8579@B[OF/WL#F?QC!\2O#WPX^(-S+XQT&P
MU22^:?0+]M-D>.PL]T>V*6,$F64@.!MZLR\'I0(]D/2OF;X(,3^VE^T6"3C[
M-H''_;O+7N_P_O=;U7P)H%WXBMDLO$$^GP27]M&"%CN"@+J >1AL\=NE>)Z)
M\%OBCX3^,GQ \>Z3JOA.5_%HLTDL;M+G_1TMD9(\.H^8D,2>!STH U?VXK_6
M=+_9@\=7FBZL^D3P67[Z2.(.TL3,L;Q@DC;N#GYAR.WK45UX]\1:5XG^'_PL
MTW5;1_$&KZ9-K%YJ[66U;33X0BA8X=Q#2,[JH). %8D'@5)XQ^!7C/XK_#3X
MB:%XP\2Z='J?B.TCL=/_ ++@D^R:?'&0X)5SN=FDR6;CC:!TK.\4_L_^/-3U
MKP+X]TSQ)HMM\2?#=M-I\J/;2KIE[92A=UNV"9%P5#!\$Y)XZ4#*'[-MKJ]E
M^TM^T-!KE]!J>HQW.B*;NWA\H2I]A'EDID[6V[0V#C()%?3=?/W@SX+?$CPQ
MXS^*OBUO$^@#6O&-G:_94AL)3%:7<%L(8V8LV6C!SQC+<'C[M>U>$K75[+PS
MI4&OW=O?ZW':QI>W5I&8XI9PHWLBGD*3G H$:]%%% !7B?[:W_)J/Q2_[ 5Q
M_(5[97B?[:W_ ":C\4O^P%<?R% '4?LZ_P#)!/AS_P!B]8?^B$KT2O._V=?^
M2"?#G_L7K#_T0E>B4 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110
M 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% 'R=<_\I+K3_LGC_\
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M *O>O4+#X8^./AA\9_$OCCPY86'B*Q\9VEJ=;TE;L6SVM_ FQ9X7<8>)E)#
MX8$9 /2OH7 HP* /DWQ3^S+XL3X56^D:5%IE]XDU3QO'XUUN5[HPVZ2"Y69H
M8B5);"(D:D@9V[CC.*]$;P+XP;]J"W\?_P!F62^'T\+-H3(;T?:/.,_VC>%V
MXVY^3[V>^,5[=BC H ^2+#]FGQKJG[+?Q!^'.I#3-.UO5]8NM8TZ:.Z,T!,E
MZ+Q(Y#M!7!4(QP>N1FNF7X>_%+Q9\<OAK\0-:TOP_H]OH>G7]A?:=%?O,\0G
M\H;E<)AV.PD+@ #JQ)X^D=H-&!0 $XKP#]H;1F^*'Q-^$O@JSQ*-,UZ/Q=JQ
M7G[/:VB.(MWH9)I%5?78W937OY&1BLW3/#>FZ/>ZA>6EI'#=ZA();JX',DS
M87<QY( X Z = * -)>5!I:0#%+0 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110
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MB4_$;_P2'_XJ@+'U=17RC_P\!TS_ *)3\1O_  2'_P"*H_X> Z9_T2GXC?\
M@D/_ ,50%CZNHKY1_P"'@.F?]$I^(W_@D/\ \51_P\!TS_HE/Q&_\$A_^*H"
MQ]745\H_\/ =,_Z)3\1O_!(?_BJ/^'@.F?\ 1*?B-_X)#_\ %4!8^KJ*^4?^
M'@.F?]$I^(W_ ()#_P#%4?\ #P'3/^B4_$;_ ,$A_P#BJ L?5U%?*/\ P\!T
MS_HE/Q&_\$A_^*H_X> Z9_T2GXC?^"0__%4!8^KJ*^4?^'@.F?\ 1*?B-_X)
M#_\ %4?\/ =,_P"B4_$;_P $A_\ BJ L?5U%?*/_  \!TS_HE/Q&_P#!(?\
MXJC_ (> Z9_T2GXC?^"0_P#Q5 6/JZBOE'_AX#IG_1*?B-_X)#_\51_P\!TS
M_HE/Q&_\$A_^*H"Q]745\H_\/ =,_P"B4_$;_P $A_\ BJ/^'@.F?]$I^(W_
M ()#_P#%4!8^KJ*^2=0_X*(:)I5C<7MY\,/B%:VEO&99IYM'VI&@&2S$M@ #
MDFC3_P#@HCH>K6-O>V7PP^(5W:7$:RPSPZ/O21",AE(;!!'.: L?6U%?*/\
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MXC?^"0__ !5'_#P'3/\ HE/Q&_\ !(?_ (J@+'U=17RC_P / =,_Z)3\1O\
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MH?\ HAZA_9&_Y-?^%?\ V+=C_P"B5H ];Q]?SHQ]?SI:* $Q]?SHQ]?SI:*
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M*O\ P\@^$_\ SQ\2_P#@CN/_ (FC_AY!\)_^>/B7_P $=Q_\30!]545\J_\
M#R#X3_\ /'Q+_P"".X_^)H_X>0?"?_GCXE_\$=Q_\30!]545\J_\/(/A/_SQ
M\2_^".X_^)H_X>0?"?\ YX^)?_!'<?\ Q- 'U517RK_P\@^$_P#SQ\2_^".X
M_P#B:/\ AY!\)_\ GCXE_P#!'<?_ !- 'U517RK_ ,/(/A/_ ,\?$O\ X([C
M_P")H_X>0?"?_GCXE_\ !'<?_$T ?55%?*O_  \@^$__ #Q\2_\ @CN/_B:/
M^'D'PG_YX^)?_!'<?_$T ?55%?*O_#R#X3_\\?$O_@CN/_B:/^'D'PG_ .>/
MB7_P1W'_ ,30!ZI^U=_R;-\4_P#L6=0_]$/4/[(W_)K_ ,*_^Q;L?_1*U\Z_
M'G]O3X:>._@GX\\.Z;#XA_M#5=$O+*W\[1IT3S)(F5=S%< 9(R33/V?_ -O'
MX:_#_P"!_@/PWJ</B$ZAI6BVEG<>3HT[IYB1*K;6"X(R#R.M S[IHKY5_P"'
MD'PG_P">/B7_ ,$=Q_\ $T?\/(/A/_SQ\2_^".X_^)H$?55%?*O_  \@^$__
M #Q\2_\ @CN/_B:/^'D'PG_YX^)?_!'<?_$T ?55%?*O_#R#X3_\\?$O_@CN
M/_B:/^'D'PG_ .>/B7_P1W'_ ,30!]545\J_\/(/A/\ \\?$O_@CN/\ XFC_
M (>0?"?_ )X^)?\ P1W'_P 30!]545\J_P##R#X3_P#/'Q+_ .".X_\ B:/^
M'D'PG_YX^)?_  1W'_Q- 'U517RK_P /(/A/_P \?$O_ (([C_XFC_AY!\)_
M^>/B7_P1W'_Q- 'U517RK_P\@^$__/'Q+_X([C_XFC_AY!\)_P#GCXE_\$=Q
M_P#$T ?55%?*O_#R#X3_ //'Q+_X([C_ .)H_P"'D'PG_P">/B7_ ,$=Q_\
M$T ?55%?*O\ P\@^$_\ SQ\2_P#@CN/_ (FC_AY!\)_^>/B7_P $=Q_\30!]
M545\J_\ #R#X3_\ /'Q+_P"".X_^)H_X>0?"?_GCXE_\$=Q_\30!]545\J_\
M/(/A/_SQ\2_^".X_^)H_X>0?"?\ YX^)?_!'<?\ Q- 'U517R?=_\%*OA+96
MLMQ)%XD"1*78MHLZC ]R !^-?2?@;Q?8^/\ P=HOB73!*-.U:SBO;?SDVOY<
MBAEW#L<'I0!NT444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110
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MM%?]&WR_^%!!_A1_PT7^T5_T;?+_ .%!!_A0*Q]945\F_P##1?[17_1M\O\
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M\'?]"-X__P#!#)0%F?5M%?*7_#Q'P=_T(WC_ /\ !#)1_P /$?!W_0C>/_\
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M_5M_(U\O?\$RSG]D?P[_ -A#4O\ TKDKZAO_ /CQN/\ KFW\C7R[_P $RO\
MDT;P[_V$-2_]*Y*!]#ZJHHHH$%%%% !1110!\G_&TE?V]OV>2"1_Q+M;''IY
M0KZO"C%?)_QO_P"3]?V>?^P=K?\ Z*%?6 Z4 &T4;12UXI\0/C#J]U\7=/\
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M^TK<+IB^)9(_"6GE=%3DW_E6\WFP#U^\ P&2-U?7365N^[=!&VXY;* Y/O\
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M</#$F2=), -N,G/"'A>>1C&#R*ETCX6^%M"T74=*L=&@ALM14+>*2S/< +M
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M7'CCTRX>Z0)>-(0$$9S\V<CI3O!GQ4\(_$.YU2W\->(=/UN?3)!%>1V4ZR-
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MW_T0] 'DG_!/O_DS?X6_]@QO_1TE?0U?//\ P3[/_&&_PM_[!C?^CI*^A<T
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MM6_])DH&CZL'2EI!TI:!!1110 5C>,M$D\3>$=;T>*58)-0L9[197&0ADC9
M2/09K9I* /B[X<?LO_M&?"KP/H_A/P[\8O#UIHNE0^1;0OHQ<JN2Q^8C)Y)K
MI/\ A4'[4_\ T6OPY_X(_P#ZU?5U% SY1_X5!^U/_P!%K\.?^"/_ .M1_P *
M@_:G_P"BU^'/_!'_ /6KZNHH ^4?^%0?M3_]%K\.?^"/_P"M1_PJ#]J?_HM?
MAS_P1_\ UJ^KJ* /E'_A4'[4_P#T6OPY_P""/_ZU'_"H/VI_^BU^'/\ P1__
M %J^KJ* /E'_ (5!^U/_ -%K\.?^"/\ ^M1_PJ#]J?\ Z+7X<_\ !'_]:OJZ
MB@#Y1_X5!^U/_P!%K\.?^"/_ .M1_P *@_:G_P"BU^'/_!'_ /6KZNHH ^4?
M^%0?M3_]%K\.?^"/_P"M1_PJ#]J?_HM?AS_P1_\ UJ^KJ* /E'_A4'[4_P#T
M6OPY_P""/_ZU'_"H/VI_^BU^'/\ P1__ %J^KJ* /E'_ (5!^U/_ -%K\.?^
M"/\ ^M1_PJ#]J?\ Z+7X<_\ !'_]:OJZB@#Y1_X5!^U/_P!%K\.?^"/_ .M1
M_P *@_:G_P"BU^'/_!'_ /6KZNHH ^4?^%0?M3_]%K\.?^"/_P"M1_PJ#]J?
M_HM?AS_P1_\ UJ^KJ* /E'_A4'[4_P#T6OPY_P""/_ZU'_"H/VI_^BU^'/\
MP1__ %J^KJ* /E'_ (5!^U/_ -%K\.?^"/\ ^M1_PJ#]J?\ Z+7X<_\ !'_]
M:OJZB@#Y1_X5!^U/_P!%K\.?^"/_ .M1_P *@_:G_P"BU^'/_!'_ /6KZNHH
M ^4?^%0?M3_]%K\.?^"/_P"M1_PJ#]J?_HM?AS_P1_\ UJ^KJ* /E'_A4'[4
M_P#T6OPY_P""/_ZU'_"H/VI_^BU^'/\ P1__ %J^KJ* /E'_ (5!^U/_ -%K
M\.?^"/\ ^M1_PJ#]J?\ Z+7X<_\ !'_]:OJZB@#Y1_X5!^U/_P!%K\.?^"/_
M .M1_P *@_:G_P"BU^'/_!'_ /6KZNHH ^4?^%0?M3_]%K\.?^"/_P"M1_PJ
M#]J?_HM?AS_P1_\ UJ^KJ* /E'_A4'[4_P#T6OPY_P""/_ZU'_"H/VI_^BU^
M'/\ P1__ %J^KJ* /E!_@_\ M2NI5OC5X<(88(_L/_ZU>G_LH_!&]_9Y^"^F
M>"=0U.#5[JSN;J=KNV1D1O-F:0  \\;L5[!10(**** "BBB@ HHHH ^<?VC/
MV=O''Q,^*?@;QUX%\7:=X6U?PO:WEO')?VC3[C/M!('3[H8<^M<__P *A_:G
M_P"BU^&__!%_]:OJW%+0!\H_\*@_:G_Z+7X<_P#!'_\ 6H_X5!^U/_T6OPY_
MX(__ *U?5U% SY1_X5!^U/\ ]%K\.?\ @C_^M1_PJ#]J?_HM?AS_ ,$?_P!:
MOJZB@#Y1_P"%0?M3_P#1:_#G_@C_ /K4?\*@_:G_ .BU^'/_  1__6KZNHH
M^4?^%0?M3_\ 1:_#G_@C_P#K4?\ "H/VI_\ HM?AS_P1_P#UJ^KJ* /E'_A4
M'[4__1:_#G_@C_\ K4?\*@_:G_Z+7X<_\$?_ -:OJZB@#Y1_X5!^U/\ ]%K\
M.?\ @C_^M1_PJ#]J?_HM?AS_ ,$?_P!:OJZB@#Y1_P"%0?M3_P#1:_#G_@C_
M /K4?\*@_:G_ .BU^'/_  1__6KZNHH ^4?^%0?M3_\ 1:_#G_@C_P#K4?\
M"H/VI_\ HM?AS_P1_P#UJ^KJ* /E'_A4'[4__1:_#G_@C_\ K4?\*@_:G_Z+
M7X<_\$?_ -:OJZB@#Y1_X5!^U/\ ]%K\.?\ @C_^M1_PJ#]J?_HM?AS_ ,$?
M_P!:OJZB@#Y1_P"%0?M3_P#1:_#G_@C_ /K4?\*@_:G_ .BU^'/_  1__6KZ
MNHH ^4?^%0?M3_\ 1:_#G_@C_P#K4?\ "H/VI_\ HM?AS_P1_P#UJ^KJ* /E
M'_A4'[4__1:_#G_@C_\ K4?\*@_:G_Z+7X<_\$?_ -:OJZB@#Y1_X5!^U/\
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M 2HN<_>(49)JYI?[1'ACQ#_9#:*E]J\.H65IJ'F6L!)@@N9&CB=T.& W(^[
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M1@'.09[U17D]G^T3X;OK:\C6&^CUJWU6/1?[&:'-S)=21>=&B8.U@T69-P.
MH))&#7E^@?&/Q5IGPR^(/CF]OKN]A\(^+K^*?3KN!$D?3(VA#Q$*/EDC5G93
MWVX.0V0 ?5%%16T\=S;QS1.)(I%#JZ]&!&014M @HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH
M **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@
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MM'I0!7TRQBTS3K6S@!$%O$L,8)Z*H 'Z"K-%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110
M4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1
M110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%
M% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444
M %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110
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MX?,(^690)?FY(YQDX%5=?-Y=?"SX]V-G:WD]CJ>C:+>:5;VNGW$=O+F-8Y#
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/ %%%% !1110 4444 ?_9

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>18
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492781023712">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">20-F<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Dec. 31,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement', window );">Document Registration Statement</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentAnnualReport', window );">Document Annual Report</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentTransitionReport', window );">Document Transition Report</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport', window );">Document Shell Company Report</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-38696<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Niu Technologies<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">E9<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">No.1 Building, No. 195 Huilongguan East Road,<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Beijing<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">102208<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">CN<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer', window );">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers', window );">Entity Voluntary Filers</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity Current Reporting Status</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent', window );">Entity Interactive Data Current</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Accelerated Filer<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentAccountingStandard', window );">Document Accounting Standard</a></td>
<td class="text">U.S. GAAP<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityShellCompany', window );">Entity Shell Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001744781<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Year Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Period Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">FY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorName', window );">Auditor Name</a></td>
<td class="text">KPMG Huazhen LLP<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorFirmId', window );">Auditor Firm ID</a></td>
<td class="text">1186<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorLocation', window );">Auditor Location</a></td>
<td class="text">Beijing, China<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag', window );">ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_BusinessContactMember', window );">Business Contact</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_ContactPersonnelName', window );">Contact Personnel Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Fion Wenjuan Zhou<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">+86<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">10-6432-1899<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress', window );">Contact Personnel Email Address</a></td>
<td class="text">ir@niu.com<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">No.1 Building, No. 195 Huilongguan East Road,<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Beijing<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">102208<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">CN<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dei_AdrMember', window );">ADS</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">American depositary shares (one American depositaryshare representing two Class A ordinary shares, parvalue US$0.0001 per share)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">NIU<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 pershare<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">NIU<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">138,575,010<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,542,020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorFirmId">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>PCAOB issued Audit Firm Identifier</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorFirmId</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:nonemptySequenceNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorLocation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorLocation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Email address of contact personnel.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_ContactPersonnelName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of contact personnel</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_ContactPersonnelName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentAccountingStandard">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing This can either be 'U.S. GAAP', 'International Financial Reporting Standards', or 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentAccountingStandard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:accountingStandardItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentAnnualReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an annual report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentAnnualReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3.  1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in YYYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a registration statement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true for a Shell Company Report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentTransitionReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a transition report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 20-F<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13<br> -Subsection a-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentTransitionReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCountry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:countryCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-T<br> -Number 232<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityShellCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityShellCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_BusinessContactMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_BusinessContactMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dei_AdrMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dei_AdrMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>19
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692153616">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 872,573,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 122,899,401<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 534,286,849<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent', window );">Term deposits-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">97,555,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,740,414<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">208,589,770<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">107,666,733<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,164,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">186,340,321<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent', window );">Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,406,301<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">94,956,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,374,297<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">299,742,923<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="nump">392,790,141<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">55,323,334<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">417,009,148<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepayments and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">195,072,129<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,475,335<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">205,695,717<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,760,614,198<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">247,977,323<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,012,071,029<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-current assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent', window );">Term deposits-non-current</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">323,112,366<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,509,425<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">397,356,795<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Intangible assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,306,401<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">184,003<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,857,320<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">76,821,285<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,820,052<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86,597,121<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet', window );">Deferred income tax assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,747,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,922,157<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,132,499<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,730,378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">947,954<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,683,090<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent', window );">Total non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">428,717,451<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,383,591<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">524,626,825<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,189,331,649<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">308,360,914<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,536,697,854<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable', window );">Short-term bank borrowings</a></td>
<td class="nump">100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,084,705<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent', window );">Notes payable (including notes payable of VIE without recourse to the Company were RMB316,832,113 and RMB167,282,688 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="nump">167,282,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,561,274<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">316,832,113<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable (including accounts payable of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB459,406,790 and RMB575,235,413 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="nump">575,724,288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">81,089,070<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">459,466,937<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent', window );">Income taxes payable (including income taxes payable of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB1,501,992 and RMB1,195,114 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,357,913<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">191,258<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,898,065<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent', window );">Advances from customers (including advances from customers of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB23,522,149 and RMB16,399,926 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,304,488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,718,980<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,931,897<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Deferred revenue-current (including deferred revenue-current of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB37,539,733 and RMB41,755,097 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,755,097<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,881,082<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,539,733<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB175,352,229 and RMB151,286,008 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="nump">165,511,396<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,311,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">192,092,943<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,070,935,870<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">150,838,164<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,192,761,688<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-current liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Deferred revenue-non-current (including deferred revenue non-current of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB11,429,500 and RMB13,168,111 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,168,111<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,854,690<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,429,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet', window );">Deferred income tax liabilities (including deferred income tax liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB1,398,279 and RMB2,362,494 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,362,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">332,750<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,398,279<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities-non-current (including operating lease liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company were RMB7,569,128 and RMB280,421 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="nump">280,421<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,496<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,569,128<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current liabilities (including other non-current liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB13,441,382 and RMB8,968,519 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,968,519<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,263,189<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,441,382<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Total non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">24,779,545<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,490,125<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,838,289<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,095,715,415<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">154,328,289<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,226,599,977<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies', window );">Commitments and contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,964,138,365<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">276,643,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,915,825,641<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(9,495,674)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,337,438)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,536,686)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(861,126,804)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(121,287,174)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(589,290,822)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,093,616,234<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">154,032,625<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,310,097,877<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,189,331,649<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">308,360,914<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,536,697,854<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">90,031<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,681<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">89,428<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 10,316<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,453<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 10,316<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of accrued expenses and other liabilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of advances from customers. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of term deposits placed with bank with original maturities of less than or equal to one year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of term deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than one year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124259787&amp;loc=d3e4428-111522<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124259787&amp;loc=d3e4531-111522<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of the unpaid sum of the known and estimated amounts payable to satisfy all currently due domestic and foreign income tax obligations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(15)(b)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(15)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, net of tax effect, at period end. Excludes Net Income (Loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Includes foreign currency translation items, certain pension adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities, other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses related to factors other than credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities that an entity does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis, as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives related to the effective portion of a designated cash flow hedge.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e681-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of excess of issue price over par or stated value of stock and from other transaction involving stock or stockholder. Includes, but is not limited to, additional paid-in capital (APIC) for common and preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(12))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(18))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124258926&amp;loc=SL82898722-210454<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124260329&amp;loc=d3e26626-111562<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.25)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.(a),19)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.17)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130531-203044<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130532-203044<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130532-203044<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130531-203044<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31931-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31917-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences with jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31931-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31917-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 926<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120154696&amp;loc=d3e54445-107959<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19-26)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6904-107765<br><br>Reference 21: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.21)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation due after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 201.5-02(25))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 201.5-02(26))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 201.5-02(24))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of the portions of long-term notes payable due within one year or the operating cycle if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19,20)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.24)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124429447&amp;loc=SL124453093-239630<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of borrowings from a bank classified as other, maturing within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.16)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122038336&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>20
<FILENAME>R3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492776261664">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable', window );">Short-term bank borrowings</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,084,705<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent', window );">Notes payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">167,282,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,561,274<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">316,832,113<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">575,724,288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">81,089,070<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">459,466,937<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent', window );">Income taxes payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,357,913<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">191,258<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,898,065<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent', window );">Advances from customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,304,488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,718,980<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,931,897<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Deferred revenue - current</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,755,097<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,881,082<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,539,733<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">165,511,396<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,311,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">192,092,943<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Deferred revenue-non-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,168,111<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,854,690<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,429,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet', window );">Deferred income tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,362,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">332,750<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,398,279<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">280,421<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,496<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,569,128<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 8,968,519<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,263,189<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 13,441,382<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, authorized | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,000,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,000,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, authorized | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,900,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,900,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,900,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, issued | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">138,575,010<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">138,575,010<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,719,542<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, outstanding | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">138,575,010<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">138,575,010<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,719,542<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, authorized | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">50,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, issued | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,542,020<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,542,020<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,542,020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, outstanding | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,542,020<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,542,020<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,542,020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember', window );">VIE</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable', window );">Short-term bank borrowings</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent', window );">Notes payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">167,282,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">316,832,113<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">575,235,413<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">459,406,790<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent', window );">Income taxes payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,195,114<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,501,992<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent', window );">Advances from customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,399,926<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,522,149<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Deferred revenue - current</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,755,097<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,539,733<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">151,286,008<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">175,352,229<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Deferred revenue-non-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,168,111<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,429,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet', window );">Deferred income tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,362,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,398,279<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">280,421<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,569,128<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 8,968,519<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 13,441,382<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of accrued expenses and other liabilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of advances from customers. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of the unpaid sum of the known and estimated amounts payable to satisfy all currently due domestic and foreign income tax obligations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(15)(b)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(15)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130531-203044<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130532-203044<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130532-203044<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130531-203044<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences with jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31931-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31917-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of the portions of long-term notes payable due within one year or the operating cycle if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19,20)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.24)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of borrowings from a bank classified as other, maturing within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.16)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>21
<FILENAME>R4.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492687506288">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>&#165; / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>&#165; / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>&#165; / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract', window );"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 2,651,757,646<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 373,492,253<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,168,597,334<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,704,537,419<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,081,010,633)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(293,104,217)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,498,916,443)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,891,758,188)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross profit</a></td>
<td class="nump">570,747,013<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">80,388,036<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">669,680,891<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">812,779,231<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating expenses:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense', window );">Selling and marketing expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(495,734,694)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(69,822,771)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(440,408,982)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(332,007,462)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(150,985,739)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,265,897)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(176,478,130)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(135,218,399)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">General and administrative expenses (including allowance for doubtful accounts of RMB1,272,454, RMB25,044,327 and RMB139,445,017 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="num">(244,518,817)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(34,439,755)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(158,460,764)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(141,798,910)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(891,239,250)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(125,528,423)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(775,347,876)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(609,024,771)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_GovernmentGrants', window );">Government grants</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,968,735<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">418,138<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,385,038<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,726,818<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Operating income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">(317,523,502)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(44,722,249)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(89,281,947)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">252,481,278<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,423,924)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(200,556)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,715,878)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,167,805)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest', window );">Interest income</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,492,190<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,998,970<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,860,216<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,375,969<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Investment income</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,426,370<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,917,736<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,167,575<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income (loss) before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">(282,028,866)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(39,722,935)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(71,219,873)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">272,857,017<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Income tax (expense) benefit</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,192,884<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,435,638<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,756,944<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(47,036,608)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">(271,835,982)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(38,287,297)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49,462,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">225,820,409<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other comprehensive income (loss)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of nil income taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,386,368<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,040,348<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,342,724<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,657,187)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax', window );">Unrealized gain on available for sale securities, net income taxes of RMB5,809,288, RMB1,184,686 and RMB3,080 for the year 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,454<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,458<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,460,896<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,427,865<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax', window );">Less: reclassification adjustment for gain on available for sale securities realized in net income, net income taxes of RMB5,291,894, RMB1,698,460 and RMB64,025 for the year 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively</a></td>
<td class="num">(362,810)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(51,100)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,219,276)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,875,681)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Comprehensive income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (264,794,970)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (37,295,591)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (14,878,585)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 217,715,406<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Net income (loss) per ordinary share</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">-Basic | (per share)</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (1.73)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.24)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (0.32)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1.47<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">-Diluted | (per share)</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (1.73)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.24)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (0.32)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1.41<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted average number of ordinary shares and ordinary shares equivalents outstanding used in computing net income (loss) per ordinary share</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">-Basic</a></td>
<td class="nump">156,816,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">156,816,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">155,176,922<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">153,672,358<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">-Diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">156,816,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">156,816,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">155,176,922<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,460,976<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_GovernmentGrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of government grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_GovernmentGrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(22))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(24))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e557-108580<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(26))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (e)(4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22583-107794<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1448-109256<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22595-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1337-109256<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128363288&amp;loc=d3e4984-109258<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128363288&amp;loc=d3e3842-109258<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22644-107794<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(25))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1252-109256<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(27))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128363288&amp;loc=d3e4984-109258<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22644-107794<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128363288&amp;loc=d3e3842-109258<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1252-109256<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22595-107794<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22583-107794<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(27))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1337-109256<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (e)(4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(25))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27405-111563<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7(c),9(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total of expenses of managing and administering the affairs of an entity, including affiliates of the reporting entity, which are not directly or indirectly associated with the manufacture, sale or creation of a product or product line.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.1,2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 940<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126941158&amp;loc=d3e41242-110953<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(8))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399901&amp;loc=d3e537907-122884<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.7)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32672-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22663-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123586238&amp;loc=d3e38679-109324<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22658-107794<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the cost of borrowed funds accounted for as interest expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450988&amp;loc=d3e26243-108391<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124435984&amp;loc=d3e28555-108399<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (210.5-03(11))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04.9)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accretion (amortization) of purchase discount (premium) of interest income on nonoperating securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22595-107794<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL124452729-227067<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22499-107794<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22663-107794<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22583-107794<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22658-107794<br><br>Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109222650&amp;loc=SL51721683-107760<br><br>Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 32: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 33: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 34: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 35: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature, attributable to parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4569643-111683<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109239629&amp;loc=SL4573702-111684<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4569616-111683<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax and before adjustment, of unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale) and unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized gain (loss) realized upon the sale of available-for-sale securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e689-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27357-111563<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL34724391-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 730<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6472174&amp;loc=d3e58812-109433<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9031-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9038-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130543-203045<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9054-108599<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130545-203045<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6472922&amp;loc=d3e499488-122856<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total amount of expenses directly related to the marketing or selling of products or services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1505-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1448-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>22
<FILENAME>R5.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492690395072">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract', window );"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 139,445,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 25,044,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,272,454<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment, income tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax', window );">Unrealized gain on available for sale securities, income tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,080<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,184,686<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,809,288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax', window );">Reclassification adjustment for gain on available for sale securities realized in net income, income tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 64,025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,698,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 5,291,894<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of tax expense (benefit), after reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature, attributable to parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4569643-111683<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4569616-111683<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109239629&amp;loc=SL4573702-111684<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of tax expense (benefit) of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized gain (loss) realized upon the sale of available-for-sale securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e640-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27357-111563<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before adjustment, of tax expense (benefit) for unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale). Excludes tax expense (benefit) for unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e640-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (reversal of expense) for expected credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124255953&amp;loc=SL82919249-210447<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>23
<FILENAME>R6.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692811312">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Ordinary shares </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Ordinary shares </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Additional paid-in capital </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Additional paid-in capital </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Accumulated other comprehensive loss </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Accumulated other comprehensive loss </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Accumulated deficit </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Accumulated deficit </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>CNY (&#165;)</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>USD ($)</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 98,502<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,801,940,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (43,016,027)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (765,648,302)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 993,374,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020 | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">152,360,452<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">152,360,452<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward', window );"><strong>Increase (decrease) in shareholders' deficit</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">225,820,409<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">225,820,409<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of nil income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,657,187)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,657,187)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax', window );">Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale security, net of income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,427,865<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,427,865<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax', window );">Reclassification adjustment for gains on available-for-sale securities realized in net income, net of income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,875,681)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,875,681)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Share-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,218,156<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,218,156<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions', window );">Exercise of share-based awards</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 852<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,245,532<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,246,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares', window );">Exercise of share-based awards (in shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,320,378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,320,378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 99,354<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,855,403,759<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(51,121,030)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(539,827,893)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,264,554,190<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021 | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">153,680,830<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">153,680,830<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward', window );"><strong>Increase (decrease) in shareholders' deficit</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49,462,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49,462,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of nil income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,342,724<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,342,724<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax', window );">Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale security, net of income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,460,896<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,460,896<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax', window );">Reclassification adjustment for gains on available-for-sale securities realized in net income, net of income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,219,276)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,219,276)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Share-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,219,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,219,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions', window );">Exercise of share-based awards</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 390<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,202,696<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,203,086<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares', window );">Exercise of share-based awards (in shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">580,732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">580,732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 99,744<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,915,825,641<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,536,686)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(589,290,822)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,310,097,877<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">154,261,562<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">154,261,562<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward', window );"><strong>Increase (decrease) in shareholders' deficit</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(271,835,982)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(271,835,982)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (38,287,297)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of nil income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,386,368<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,386,368<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,040,348<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax', window );">Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale security, net of income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,454<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,454<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,458<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax', window );">Reclassification adjustment for gains on available-for-sale securities realized in net income, net of income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(362,810)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(362,810)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(51,100)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Share-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,659,304<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,659,304<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions', window );">Exercise of share-based awards</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 603<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">653,420<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">654,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares', window );">Exercise of share-based awards (in shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">855,468<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">855,468<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 100,347<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,134<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,964,138,365<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 276,643,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (9,495,674)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,337,438)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (861,126,804)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (121,287,174)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,093,616,234<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 154,032,625<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">155,117,030<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">155,117,030<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of increase (decrease) to additional paid-in capital (APIC) for recognition and exercise of award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) to additional paid-in capital (APIC) for recognition and exercise of award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase to additional paid-in capital (APIC) for recognition of cost for award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126964447&amp;loc=d3e11149-113907<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126964447&amp;loc=d3e11178-113907<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126961718&amp;loc=d3e4534-113899<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22595-107794<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL124452729-227067<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22499-107794<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22663-107794<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22583-107794<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22658-107794<br><br>Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109222650&amp;loc=SL51721683-107760<br><br>Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 32: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 33: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 34: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 35: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature, attributable to parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4569643-111683<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109239629&amp;loc=SL4573702-111684<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4569616-111683<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax and before adjustment, of unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale) and unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized gain (loss) realized upon the sale of available-for-sale securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e689-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27357-111563<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL34724391-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued which are neither cancelled nor held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122038336&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>24
<FILENAME>R7.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692101680">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment, income tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax', window );">Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale security, income taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,080<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,184,686<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,809,288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax', window );">Reclassification adjustment for gains on available-for-sale securities realized in net income, income tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 64,025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,698,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 5,291,894<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of tax expense (benefit), after reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature, attributable to parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4569643-111683<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4569616-111683<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109239629&amp;loc=SL4573702-111684<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of tax expense (benefit) of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized gain (loss) realized upon the sale of available-for-sale securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e640-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27357-111563<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before adjustment, of tax expense (benefit) for unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale). Excludes tax expense (benefit) for unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e640-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>25
<FILENAME>R8.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692130448">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (271,835,982)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (38,287,297)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (49,462,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 225,820,409<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts (Note 4)</a></td>
<td class="nump">139,445,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,640,420<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,044,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,272,454<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share-based compensation (Note 15)</a></td>
<td class="nump">47,659,304<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,712,673<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,219,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,218,156<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization (Note 7 and 8)</a></td>
<td class="nump">148,064,759<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,854,485<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">142,711,409<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">95,473,048<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss', window );">Reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,303,344<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,169,502<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,525,547<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,730,213<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Investment income</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,426,370)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(200,900)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10,917,736)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,167,575)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized', window );">Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,557,547)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(641,917)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,508,084)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,882,626<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Deferred income tax expense (benefit)</a></td>
<td class="num">(10,952,309)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,542,600)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,079,533)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,321,601<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment', window );">Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">22,077<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,109<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">478,457<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">235,581<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown', window );">Write-down of inventories (Note 5)</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,681,652<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,053,797<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,991,793<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,679,669<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable', window );">Accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">65,371,286<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,207,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(56,145,868)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(168,520,346)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,627,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">370,081<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(156,107,463)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(131,185,130)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets', window );">Prepayments and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,062,337)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(713,015)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(125,888,562)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(24,763,588)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets', window );">Other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,269,554<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">883,048<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,834,238)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,520,050<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable', window );">Accounts payable and notes payable</a></td>
<td class="num">(33,303,059)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,690,638)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">93,747,996<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">286,726,602<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers', window );">Advances from customers</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,657,752)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(796,878)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,545,887<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(22,764,635)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,953,975<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">838,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,517,801<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,119,340<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities', window );">Other non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,280,068)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(180,294)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,365,449)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,374,815)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable', window );">Income tax receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,340,152<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,878,921<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,349,602)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable', window );">Income taxes payable</a></td>
<td class="num">(540,152)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(76,079)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,703,460)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,046,431<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(21,922,192)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,087,676)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,056,147)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,256,165<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities', window );">Operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(8,465,797)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,192,383)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,219,675)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,351,554)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">93,735,092<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,202,312<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(121,856,343)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">334,174,702<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Investing activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Cash paid for purchase of property, plant and equipment</a></td>
<td class="num">(78,934,562)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,117,701)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(135,349,387)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(285,745,233)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits', window );">Purchase of term deposits</a></td>
<td class="num">(379,419,347)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(53,440,096)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(635,470,550)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(357,162,950)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits', window );">Cash received from redemption of term deposits</a></td>
<td class="nump">513,238,247<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72,288,095<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">551,794,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">353,295,700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments', window );">Cash paid for purchase of short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="num">(420,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(59,155,763)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,593,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,032,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments', window );">Cash received from sale of short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">581,426,370<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">81,892,191<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,213,917,736<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,027,167,575<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Prepayment for an investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities', window );">Others</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(614,066)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">216,310,708<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,466,726<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">397,891,899<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(295,058,974)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Financing activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Cash received from exercise of employee stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">654,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">92,117<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,203,086<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,246,384<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt', window );">Proceeds from short-term bank borrowings</a></td>
<td class="nump">100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,084,705<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">340,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">340,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt', window );">Repayment for short-term bank borrowings</a></td>
<td class="num">(160,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(22,535,528)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(360,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(340,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(59,345,977)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,358,706)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,796,914)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,246,384<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,913,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,255,398<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,043,572<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,490,370)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">259,613,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,565,730<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">288,282,214<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,871,742<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">720,627,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">101,498,214<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">432,344,956<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">395,473,214<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">980,240,193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">138,063,944<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">720,627,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">432,344,956<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract', window );"><strong>Supplemental information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet', window );">Interest paid</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,616,253<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">227,645<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,711,056<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,346,189<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet', window );">Income tax paid</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,066,182<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">150,169<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,374,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,668,576<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid', window );">Construction payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 13,441,923<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,893,255<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,522,480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 11,279,464<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1', window );">Prepayment for a service in previous year to purchase of an investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of additions charged to bad debt expense and write-off of bad debt allowance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period for advances from customers.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>No definition.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for acquisition of term deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from the sale or maturity redemption of term deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Future cash outflow to pay for purchases of fixed assets that have occurred.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4313-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123444420&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate expense recognized in the current period that allocates the cost of tangible assets, intangible assets, or depleting assets to periods that benefit from use of the assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies; including, but not limited to, disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123444420&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before tax of foreign currency transaction unrealized gain (loss) recognized in the income statement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124440516&amp;loc=d3e30840-110895<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=125521441&amp;loc=d3e30690-110894<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27405-111563<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7(c),9(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment assets, including oil and gas property and timber property.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of cash paid during the current period to foreign, federal, state, and local authorities as taxes on income, net of any cash received during the current period as refunds for the overpayment of taxes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4297-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate amount of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in amount due within one year (or one business cycle) from customers for the credit sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the period in the amount due for taxes based on the reporting entity's earnings or attributable to the entity's income earning process (business presence) within a given jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in accrued expenses, and obligations classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 310<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126938201&amp;loc=d3e55415-109406<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in income taxes receivable, which represents the amount due from tax authorities for refunds of overpayments or recoveries of income taxes paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate value of all inventory held by the reporting entity, associated with underlying transactions that are classified as operating activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in noncurrent operating liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in prepaid expenses, and assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash paid for interest, excluding capitalized interest, classified as operating activity. Includes, but is not limited to, payment to settle zero-coupon bond for accreted interest of debt discount and debt instrument with insignificant coupon interest rate in relation to effective interest rate of borrowing attributable to accreted interest of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4297-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3367-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of loss from reductions in inventory due to subsequent measurement adjustments, including, but not limited to, physical deterioration, obsolescence, or changes in price levels.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116847112&amp;loc=d3e4542-108314<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of investments that an Entity acquires in a noncash (or part noncash) acquisition. Noncash is defined as information about all investing and financing activities of an enterprise during a period that affect recognized assets or liabilities but that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4313-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of loss from impairment of right-of-use asset from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123399704&amp;loc=SL77918431-209957<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash (inflow) outflow from investing activities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3179-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow to acquire investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI), classified as investing activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123583714&amp;loc=SL75117360-209713<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3444-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for securities or other assets acquired, which qualify for treatment as an investing activity and are to be liquidated, if necessary, within the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the short-term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from bank borrowing during the year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from sales of all investments, including securities and other assets, having ready marketability and intended by management to be liquidated, if necessary, within the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the short-term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3179-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of option under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=SL79508275-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109239629&amp;loc=SL4573702-111684<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22663-107794<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL124452729-227067<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3000-108585<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4569616-111683<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109222650&amp;loc=SL51721683-107760<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22499-107794<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399901&amp;loc=d3e537907-122884<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109239629&amp;loc=SL4573702-111684<br><br>Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4J<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120409616&amp;loc=SL4591551-111686<br><br>Reference 32: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4K<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120409616&amp;loc=SL4591552-111686<br><br>Reference 33: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22658-107794<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to settle a bank borrowing during the year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>26
<FILENAME>R9.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492688942960">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock', window );">DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">1. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Organization and principal activities</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Niu Technologies (&#8220;the Company&#8221;), through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, consolidated variable interest entity (&#8220;VIE&#8221;) and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries (collectively referred to as &#8220;the Group&#8221;), is principally engaged in designing, manufacturing and selling of electric scooters and its accessories and spare parts under the brand name of &#8220;NIU&#8221;. The Group&#8217;s principal operations and geographic markets are primarily in the People&#8217;s Republic of China (&#8220;PRC&#8221;).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The VIE arrangements</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group operates its online business in the PRC through Beijing Niudian Technologies&#160;Co.,&#160;Ltd. (&#8220;Beijing Niudian&#8221;, or the &#8220;VIE&#8221;), a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC on September&#160;18, 2014. Beijing Niudian holds the necessary PRC operating licenses for the online business. The equity interests of Beijing Niudian are legally held by individuals who act as nominee equity holders of the VIE on behalf of Beijing Niudian Information Technology&#160;Co.,&#160;Ltd. (&#8220;Niudian Information&#8221;), the Company&#8217;s wholly-owned subsidiary. A series of contractual agreements, including Powers of Attorney, Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, Equity Pledge Agreement, Exclusive Option Agreement and Spousal Consent Letters (collectively, the &#8220;VIE Agreements&#8221;), were entered among the Company, Niudian Information, Beijing Niudian and its nominee equity holders on May&#160;27, 2015 and were subsequently amended to include registration of the Equity Pledge Agreement with the relevant registration authority on June&#160;11,&#160;2018, amended when an equity holder transferred certain equity interests to another equity holder on July&#160;20, 2018.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The contractual agreements were further amended when two equity holders transferred certain equity interests to another equity holder on March 10, 2020.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the VIE Agreements, the Company is able to exercise effective control over, bears the risks of, enjoys substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIE, and has an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in the VIE when and to the extent permitted by PRC law at the lowest price possible. The Company&#8217;s management concluded that Beijing Niudian is a VIE and the Company is its primary beneficiary. As such, the consolidated financial statements of the VIE are included in the consolidated financial statements of the&#160;Company.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The principal terms of the VIE Agreements are further described below.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">1)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Powers of Attorney</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company and each of the equity holders of Beijing Niudian entered into Powers of Attorney. Pursuant to the Powers of Attorney, the equity holders of Beijing Niudian irrevocably appointed the Company as their attorney-in-fact to exercise all equity holder rights, including, but not limited to, convening and attending in the equity holders&#8217; meeting, appointing or removing directors, executive officers and senior management, disposing of all or part of the equity holder&#8217;s interests in Beijing Niudian, casting equity holder&#8217;s vote on matters requiring equity holders&#8217; approval and doing all other acts in the capacity of equity holder as permitted by Beijing Niudian&#8217;s Memorandum and Articles of Association. In addition, the Company has a right to assign its rights and benefits under the Powers of Attorney to any other parties without an advance notice to the equity holders of Beijing Niudian. The Powers of Attorney shall continue in force and be irrevocable as long as the equity holders of Beijing Niudian remain as the equity holders of Beijing Niudian.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">2)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Niudian Information and Beijing Niudian entered into an Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, whereby Niudian Information is appointed as the exclusive service provider for the provision of business support, technology and consulting services to Beijing Niudian. Unless a written consent is given by Niudian Information, Beijing Niudian is not allowed to engage a third party to provide such services, while Niudian Information is able to designate another party to render such services to Beijing Niudian. Beijing Niudian shall pay Niudian Information on a&#160;monthly basis a service fee, which shall equal to 100% of the&#160;monthly net profits of Beijing Niudian, and Niudian Information has the sole discretion to adjust the basis of calculation of the service fee amount according to service provided to Beijing Niudian. Niudian Information owns the exclusive intellectual property rights, whether created by Niudian Information or Beijing Niudian, as a result of the performance of the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement unless terminated in writing by Niudian Information. The Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement will be in effect until September&#160;17, 2044 which represents the end of operation term of Beijing Niudian.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">3)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Equity Pledge Agreement</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">An Equity Pledge Agreement was entered into by and among Niudian Information, Beijing Niudian and equity holders of Beijing Niudian. To guarantee payment from Beijing Niudian, including but not limited to the service fee pursuant to the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, and the performance of Beijing Niudian and the nominee equity holders&#8217; obligations under the contractual arrangements including the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, Exclusive Option Agreement and Powers of Attorney, the equity holders of Beijing Niudian pledged their respective equity in Niudian Information under the Equity Pledge Agreement to Niudian Information as collateral. In the event Beijing Niudian fails to pay Niudian Information its service fee, Niudian Information will have the right to sell the pledged equity and apply the proceeds received to pay any outstanding service fees due by Beijing Niudian to Niudian Information. The equity holders of Beijing Niudian agree that, during the term of the Equity Pledge Agreement, they will not dispose of the pledged equity or create or allow any encumbrance on the pledged equity, and they also agree that Niudian Information&#8217;s rights relating to the equity pledges shall not be prejudiced by any legal actions of the equity holders of Beijing Niudian, their successors or their designees. The equity pledges have been registered with the relevant registration authority and became effective and enforceable since registration. The Equity Pledge Agreement may only be terminated upon the fulfillment of all contractual obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, Exclusive Option Agreement and Powers of Attorney. During the term of the Equity Pledge Agreement, Niudian Information is entitled to receive dividends attributable to the pledged Beijing Niudian equity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">4)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Exclusive Option Agreement</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Each of the equity holders of Beijing Niudian entered into an Exclusive Option Agreement with the Company, Niudian Information, and Beijing Niudian, pursuant to which the equity holders of Beijing Niudian granted the Company, and Niudian Information or other person upon the designation by the Company, an irrevocable and exclusive option to purchase, at its discretion and to the extent permitted under the PRC law, all or part of the equity holders&#8217; interests in Beijing Niudian at RMB100 or the lowest price that the PRC law permits at the time unless a valuation of the equity is required by the PRC law. The equity holders of Beijing Niudian commit that without the prior written consent of the Company, the equity holders of Beijing Niudian will not, among other things, (i)&#160;create any pledge or encumbrance on their equity interests in Beijing Niudian, (ii)&#160;transfer or otherwise dispose of their equity interests in Beijing Niudian, (iii)&#160;change Beijing Niudian&#8217;s registered capital, (iv)&#160;amend Beijing Niudian&#8217;s articles of association, (v)&#160;dispose of Beijing Niudian&#8217;s material assets or enter into any material contract with a value of over RMB100,000 (except in the ordinary course of business), or (vi)&#160;merge Beijing Niudian with any other entity. In addition, Beijing Niudian undertakes that, without the Company&#8217;s prior written consent, it will not, among other things, create any pledge or encumbrance on any of its assets, or transfer or otherwise dispose of its material assets (except in the ordinary course of business). Beijing Niudian and its equity holders shall appoint those individuals recommended by the Company as directors of Beijing Niudian. Beijing Niudian shall provide operating and financial information to the Company at the request of the Company and ensure the continuance of the business. The Exclusive Option Agreement will remain effective until all equity interests in Beijing Niudian held by its equity holders are transferred or assigned to the Company or its designee. Beijing Niudian and its equity holders shall not have any right to terminate the Exclusive Option Agreement.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">5)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Spousal Consent Letters</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The spouses of each of nominee equity holders signed Spousal Consent Letters to consent that the equity interests in Beijing Niudian held by and registered in the name of the respective nominee equity holders will be disposed of pursuant to the VIE Agreements. These spouses agreed not to assert any rights over the equity interest in Beijing Niudian held by their spouses. In addition, in the event that the spouses obtain any equity interests in Beijing Niudian held by their spouses for any reason, they agreed to be bound by the VIE&#160;Agreements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Risks in relation to the VIE structure</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Based on the opinion of the Company&#8217;s PRC legal counsel, the management believes the VIE Agreements have resulted in the Company having the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the VIE, including appointing key management, setting up operating policies, exerting financial controls and transferring profit or assets out of the VIE at its discretion. The Company considers that it has the right to receive all the benefits and assets of the VIE. As the VIE was established as a limited liability company under the PRC law, its creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for the liabilities of the VIE, and the Company does not have the obligation to assume the liabilities of the&#160;VIE.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company has determined that the VIE Agreements are in compliance with PRC laws and are legally enforceable. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit the Company&#8217;s ability to enforce the VIE Agreements; and if the equity holders of the VIE were to reduce their interest in the Company, their interests may diverge from that of the Company and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the contractual terms.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s ability to control the VIE also depends on the rights provided to the Company under the Powers of Attorney to vote on all matters requiring equity holders&#8217; approval in the respective VIE. As noted above, the Company believes these Powers of Attorney are legally enforceable but yet they may not be as effective as direct equity ownership. In addition, if the corporate structure of the Group or the contractual arrangements between the Company, Niudian Information, the VIE and its respective equity holders were found to be in violation of any existing PRC laws and regulations, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities could:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">revoke the business license and/or operating licenses of such entities;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">discontinue or place restrictions or onerous conditions on the Group&#8217;s operations;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">impose fines, confiscate the income from the VIE, or impose other requirements with which the Group may not be able to comply;</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">require the Group to restructure its ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements with the VIE and deregistering the equity pledges of the VIE, which in turn would affect the Company&#8217;s ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from, or exert effective control over the VIE; or</span></td></tr></table><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">restrict or prohibit our use of the proceeds of this offering to finance our business and operations in China.</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The imposition of any of the above restrictions or actions may result in a material and adverse effect on the Group&#8217;s ability to conduct its business. In addition, if the imposition of any of these restrictions causes the Company to lose the right to direct the activities of the VIE or the right to receive its economic benefits, the Company would no longer be able to consolidate the VIE. The Company&#8217;s management believes that the likelihood to lose the Company&#8217;s current ownership structure or the contractual arrangements with the VIE is remote based on the current facts and circumstances.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">There is no VIE in which the Company has a variable interest but is not the primary beneficiary. Currently there is no contractual arrangement that could require the Company to provide additional financial support to the&#160;VIE.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following consolidated assets and liabilities information of the Group&#8217;s VIE as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, and consolidated revenues, net income (loss) and cash flow information for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2022, 2022 and 2023, have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. All intercompany transactions and balances with the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.01%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 493,570,803</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 620,484,535</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,229,605</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 145,000</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 160,406,301</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accounts receivable, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 298,732,239</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 91,975,054</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Inventories</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 411,954,893</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 386,966,973</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 187,576,865</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 177,957,171</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Amounts due from inter-companies</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 24,251,018</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 44,220,970</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,582,721,724</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,341,749,703</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits-non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Property, plant and equipment, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 394,621,585</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 321,213,398</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Intangible assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,317,785</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,102,870</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 86,597,121</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 76,821,285</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred income tax assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,132,499</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,747,021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other non-current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,677,414</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,720,608</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 2,097,068,128</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,768,354,885</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 160,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100,000,000</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Notes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 316,832,113</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 167,282,688</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accounts payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 459,406,790</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 575,235,413</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Amounts due to inter-companies</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 476,120,909</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 467,282,009</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Income taxes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,501,992</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,195,114</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Advances from customers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 23,522,149</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,399,926</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred revenue&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 37,539,733</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 41,755,097</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 175,352,229</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 151,286,008</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,650,275,915</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,520,436,255</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred revenue-non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,429,500</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,168,111</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred income tax liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,398,279</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,362,494</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,569,128</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 280,421</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other non-current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,441,382</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,968,519</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,684,114,204</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,545,215,800</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:15.85pt;text-indent:-15.85pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,768,134,434</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,187,989,945</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,645,570,002</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net income (loss)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 213,848,471</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (9,347,980)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (236,441,380)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 354,675,219</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (74,417,318)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 93,727,586</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (329,808,349)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 455,930,283</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 82,502,334</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash used in financing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (20,000,000)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (60,000,000)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (422,991)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,993,970</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,599,207</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net increase in cash and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 24,443,879</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 369,506,935</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 120,829,127</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 105,849,594</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 130,293,473</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 499,800,408</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and restricted cash at the end of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 130,293,473</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 499,800,408</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 620,629,535</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The unrecognized revenue-producing assets that are held by the VIE primarily consist of ICP License, Production License for National Industrial Products, trademarks, patents, know-how and customer relationships. None of the assets of the VIE can be used only to settle obligations of the VIE. None of the assets of the VIE and its subsidiaries has been pledged or collateralized, except for the restricted cash as of December 31, 2022. The creditors of the VIE and its subsidiaries do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company or its consolidated subsidiaries, except for the restricted cash of the Company which was pledged as collateral for the short -term bank borrowings.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the business description and basis of presentation concepts. Business description describes the nature and type of organization including but not limited to organizational structure as may be applicable to holding companies, parent and subsidiary relationships, business divisions, business units, business segments, affiliates and information about significant ownership of the reporting entity. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2122369<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2122149<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2134479<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>27
<FILENAME>R10.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691008064">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of presentation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United&#160;States of America (&#8220;U.S.&#160;GAAP&#8221;).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;Principles of consolidation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with U.S.&#160;GAAP. The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE for which the Company or its subsidiary is the primary beneficiary, and the VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Subsidiaries are those entities in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting power or has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of directors. A VIE is an entity in which the Company, or its subsidiary, through contractual arrangements, exercises effective control over the activities that most impact the economic performance, bears the risks of, and enjoys the rewards normally associated with ownership of the entity, and therefore the Company or its subsidiary is the primary beneficiary of the&#160;entity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">All intercompany transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE and the VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;Use of estimates</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S.&#160;GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reported period in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates include, but not limited to, depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, the realization of deferred income tax assets, future warranty expenses, current expected credit loss and discount rate for operating leases. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revising estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and as such, differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;Convenience translation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Translations of balances in the consolidated financial statements from RMB into US$ as of and for the&#160;year ended December 31, 2023 are solely for the convenience of the readers and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB7.0999, representing the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers of RMB as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 29, 2023. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 29, 2023, or at any other rate. The US$ convenience translation is not required under U.S. GAAP and all US$convenience translation amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;Commitments and contingencies</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In the normal course of business, the Group is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, shareholder lawsuits, and non-income tax matters. An accrual for a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is&#160;disclosed.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;Cash and cash equivalents</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Cash consists of cash on hand and cash at bank. Cash equivalents represent term deposits with original maturities of </span><span style="font-weight:normal;">three months</span><span style="font-weight:normal;"> or less, which are readily convertible to known amounts of cash. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited in financial institutions at the following locations:</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in EUR</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,986,595</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,233,516</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in RMB</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 278,917,866</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 334,796,621</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in GPB</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 244,790</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 504,471</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 220,296,524</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 499,117,291</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at mainland PRC financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 505,445,775</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 852,651,899</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the United States</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,087,973</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 691,290</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash balances held at United States financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 10,087,973</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 691,290</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the Hong Kong S.A.R.</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in HKD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 78,206</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 79,213</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,631,590</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,477,109</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash balances held at Hong Kong S.A.R. financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 14,709,796</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 11,556,322</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash balances held at financial institutions in other locations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,453,514</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 7,203,416</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 533,697,058</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 872,102,927</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(g)&#160;&#160;Term deposits</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Term deposits include current and non-current term deposits. Current term deposits represent deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than three months but less than one year. Non-current term deposits represent deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than one year. Term deposits are presented in the following table:</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in RMB</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 208,589,770</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 77,555,565</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total term deposits held</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 228,589,770</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 97,555,565</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 208,589,770</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 97,555,565</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(h)&#160;&#160;&#160;Restricted cash</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Restricted cash is an amount of cash deposited with banks primarily in conjunction with borrowings from banks and notes payable. Restriction on the use of such cash and the interest earned thereon is imposed by the banks and remains effective throughout the terms of the bank borrowings and notes payable. Restricted cash is classified as current asset on the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets, as all the balance are expected to be released to cash within the next twelve months from December 31, 2023. The Group&#8217;s restricted cash are denominated in RMB and USD and are deposited at financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 534,286,849</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 872,573,460</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 186,340,321</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 107,666,733</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 720,627,170</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 980,240,193</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;Short-term investments</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s short-term investments represent the Group&#8217;s investments in financial products managed by financial institutions in the PRC which are redeemable at the option of the Group on any working day or have the original maturities of less than twelve months.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group classified the short-term investments, with aggregate amounts of RMB6,032,000,000 and RMB2,593,000,000 purchased for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively, as available-for-sale securities and are reported at fair value. Unrealized holding gains or losses, net of the related tax effect, on available-for-sale securities were excluded from earnings and recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. Realized gains or losses from the sale of short-term investments are determined on a specific identification basis and are recorded as investment income when earned.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group purchased short-term investments with aggregate amounts of RMB420,000,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, and elected the fair value option at the date of initial recognition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) Topic 825, <i style="font-style:italic;">Financial Instruments,</i> (&#8220;ASC 825), as the Group believes this approach can better reflect the economics of its investment interest. Changes in the fair value of these investments in the amount of RMB1,426,370 for the year ended December 31, 2023 were reflected on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) as investment income. Fair value is estimated based on quoted prices provided by financial institutions at the end of each reporting period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(j)&#160;&#160;&#160;Inventories</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Cost of work-in-process and finished goods comprise direct materials, direct production costs and an allocation of production overheads based on normal operating capacity. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased. Inventory is written down for damaged and slow-moving goods, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand. When appropriate, write downs to inventory are recorded to write down the cost of inventories to their net realizable value.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(k)&#160;&#160;&#160;Property, plant and equipment, net</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recorded impairment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.32;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Costs incurred in the construction of property, plant and equipment, including down payments and progress payments, are initially capitalized as construction in progress and transferred into their respective asset categories when the assets are ready for their intended use, at which time depreciation commences.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The estimated useful lives are as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Estimated useful lives</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Building</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">50 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Machinery and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Z7G7NzI6vEaUSjcHx9VtrQ;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">3</span></span> - 10 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Furniture</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Nc2zRlK-6EWAcMIP63pLsw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">3</span></span> - 5 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Leasehold improvements</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">The shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining lease term</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Office and electronic equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_CLqBnDxKQUCwGuCoEtTZVg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">2</span></span> - 5 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Motor vehicles</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">3 - 4 years</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the&#160;assets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Depreciation of property, plant and equipment attributable to manufacturing activities is capitalized as part of inventories, and recognized as cost of revenues when the inventory is&#160;sold.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">When items are retired or otherwise disposed of, income is charged or credited for the difference between net book value and the proceeds received thereon. Ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and replacements and betterments are capitalized and amortized over the remaining useful&#160;life.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(l)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Intangible assets, net</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life on straight-line basis and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible assets may be&#160;impaired.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(m)</span><span style="font-style:italic;">&#160;&#160;Leases</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group adopted ASC Topic 842, <i style="font-style:italic;">Leases</i> (&#8220;ASC 842&#8221;) as of January 1, 2021, and elected the package of practical expedients that not to reassess:(1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. The Group also elected the practical expedient of the short-term lease exemption for contracts with lease terms of twelve months or less. The Group categorizes leases with contractual terms longer than twelve months as either operating or finance lease. However, the Group has no finance leases for any of the periods presented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at lease inception. For operating leases, the Group recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term, reduced by lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs, using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. Variable lease payments not dependent on an index or rate are excluded from the right-of-use asset and lease liability calculations and are recognized in expense in the period which the obligation for those payments is incurred. As the rate implicit in the Group&#8217;s lease is not typically readily available, the Group uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. This incremental borrowing rate reflects the fixed rate at which the Group could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments in the same currency, for a similar term, in a similar economic environment. The Group&#8217;s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Such options are accounted for only when it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise the options. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">From time to time, the Group purchases the rights to use government-owned land for a fixed period of time. Prior to the adoption of ASC 842, these land use rights were recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses in land use right, net in the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives, which is 50 years and represents the shorter of the estimated usage years or the terms of the land use rights certificate. Upon the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2021, land use rights acquired assessed in accordance with ASC 842 and recognized in operating right-of-use assets if they meet the definition of lease.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(n)&#160;&#160;&#160;Impairment of long-lived assets</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets with finite lives are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Group had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the assets with an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets. No impairment of long-lived assets was recognized for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(o)&#160;&#160;&#160;Value added taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries are subject to value added tax (&#8220;VAT&#8221;). Revenues from sales of products are generally subject to VAT at the rate of 13%. Revenues from services are generally subject to VAT at the rate of 6%. VAT are subsequently paid to PRC tax authorities after netting input VAT on purchases and VAT export rebates. The excess of output VAT over input VAT and VAT export rebates is reflected in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, the excess of input VAT and VAT export rebates over output VAT is reflected in prepayments and other current assets in the consolidated balance&#160;sheets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(p)&#160;&#160;&#160;Fair value measurements</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Fair value represents the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a&#160;liability.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Accounting guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument&#8217;s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs&#160;are:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;">Level&#160;1&#8212;Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;">Level&#160;2&#8212;Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Level&#160;3&#8212;Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1)&#160;market approach; (2)&#160;income approach and (3)&#160;cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an&#160;asset.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Financial assets and liabilities of the Group primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other receivables, short-term bank borrowings, notes payable, accounts payable, and other payables. The Group measures short-term investments at fair value on a recurring basis. Short-term investments include financial products issued by financial institutions, which are valued based on prices per unit quoted by issuers. They are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the carrying values of other financial instruments approximated to their fair values as their interest rates are comparable to the prevailing interest rates in the market.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s non-financial assets, such as property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets, would be measured at fair value only if they were determined to be impaired.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(q)&#160;&#160;&#160;Revenue recognition</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group generates substantially all of its revenues from sales of electric scooters, accessories and spare parts to the Group&#8217;s PRC domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors or directly to individual customers online. The Group also generates its revenues from its subscription-based mobile application services, as well as insurance service as an agent. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group recognizes revenues upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation (upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers) in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example, value added taxes). For each performance obligation satisfied over time, the Group recognizes revenue over time by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. If the Group does not satisfy a performance obligation over time, the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">To achieve that core principle, the Group applies the five steps defined under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Group assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations are divided into separate distinct goods or services. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it (a) provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and (b) is separately identified in the contract. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative stand-alone selling price (&#8220;SSP&#8221;) of the goods or services provided. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised goods or services to a customer.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Products</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group identified one performance obligation which is to sell products, such as electric scooters, accessories and spare parts, to the Group&#8217;s PRC domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors or directly to individual customers online. For all sales of products, the Group requires a signed contract or purchase order, which specifies pricing, quantity and product specifications. Revenue of product sales is recognized on a gross basis upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation, which is to transfer the control of the promised products to customers. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The transfer of control of the products is satisfied at a point in time, which occurs when the products are accepted by the domestic offline distributors, overseas offline distributors or individual customers. When the Group sells its products to its domestic offline distributors for domestic sales in PRC, acceptance of the products by the domestic offline distributors is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by the domestic offline distributors, which is generally at the Group&#8217;s warehouse. When the Group sells its products to overseas offline distributors for oversea sales, acceptance of the products by overseas offline distributors is evidenced by shipping documents dependent upon the terms of the underlying contract. When the Group sells its products to individual customers through its own online store and third-party e-commerce platform, the Group is responsible for the delivery to individual customers. Acceptance of the products is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by individual customers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group provides sales volume rebate to qualified distributors based on the volume sold to such distributors in a certain period and grants online individual customers unconditional right to return the products within 7 up to 30 days after their acceptance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration the Group expects to receive in exchange for transferring products to domestic offline distributors, overseas offline distributors or individual customers. Consideration is recorded net of sales volume rebate, sales returns and VAT. Sales returns is estimated based on historical experiences, which were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group utilizes delivery service providers to deliver products to overseas offline distributors and individual customers (&#8220;shipping activities&#8221;), but the delivery service is not considered as a separate obligation as the shipping activities are performed before the overseas offline distributors and individual customers obtain control of the products. Therefore, shipping activities are not considered a separate promised service to them but rather are activities to fulfill the Group&#8217;s promise to transfer the products. Outbound shipping charges to overseas offline distributors and individual customers are included as a part of the revenues, and outbound shipping-related costs are included in our inventory and recognized as cost of revenue upon sale of products to overseas offline distributors and individual customers. Shipping costs incurred for sales of products and recognized as cost of revenues were RMB49,456,660, RMB101,970,407 and RMB52,541,201 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For some sales, the Group collects cash before delivery. Cash collected before product delivery is recognized as advances from customers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Service</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">When the Group sells its smart electric scooters to its customers, it also provides mobile application services for free for <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_xRIWjE1q9k-fPL-UH6XUqg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">one</span></span> to two years (the &#8220;free service period&#8221;). Customers are able to locate their smart electric scooters, as well as obtain the operating status (e.g. battery status), and claim online repair and maintenance requests of their smart electric scooters, upon their registration of their smart electric scooters on the Group&#8217;s mobile application. Customers may subscribe to such service after the free service period if they want to continue using aforementioned functions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Such revenue arrangements are divided into separate distinct performance obligations, including electric scooters and mobile application services. The Group determines the SSP for electric scooters and mobile application services based on their relative selling prices.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The allocated revenue to mobile application services of free service period and subscribed mobile application service revenue is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period, as the Group determines that the customer simultaneously receives and consumes benefits provided by the Group as the Group performs during the free service period or the subscription period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The deferred revenue that will be recognized in the next twelve months is classified as current portion, and the remaining balance of deferred revenue is classified as non-current portion.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group also sells insurance plan for electric scooters (&#8220;NIU Cover&#8221;) to individual customers at their option. The insurance is provided by third party insurance companies. The Group determines that it acts as an agent for the NIU Cover service because it does not obtain control of the service before the service is transferred to the customers. The Group recognizes revenue on net basis when the insurance agreement is entered into between individual customers and insurance providers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Remaining performance obligations</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The remaining performance obligation disclosure provides the aggregate amount of the transaction price yet to be recognized as of the end of the reporting period and an explanation as to when the Group expects to recognize these amounts in revenue. Additionally, as a practical expedient, the Group does not disclose the remaining performance obligations of contracts that have an original duration of one year or less.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was RMB74,227,696. Given the profile of contract terms, RMB61,059,585 of the remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue within the next 12 months and RMB13,168,111 is expected to be recognized as revenue between next <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_BlnXwXjTuEaqBf1xJ-hxAA;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span></span> to 36 months.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">(r)&#160;&#160;&#160;Contract Balances</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No.2016-13, <i style="font-style:italic;">Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments</i>, and subsequent amendments to the initial guidance within ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-11 and ASU 2020-02, collectively referred to as &#8220;ASC 326&#8221; on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption of ASC 326 starting from January 1, 2021, the provision of credit losses for accounts receivable is based upon the current expected credit losses (&#8220;CECL&#8221;) model. The CECL model requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of accounts receivable since initial recognition, and accounts receivable with similar risk characteristics are grouped together when estimating CECL. In assessing the CECL, the Group considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical credit loss experience, adjusted for relevant factors impacting collectability and forward-looking information indicative of external market conditions. While the Group uses the best information available in making determination, the ultimate recovery of recorded receivables is also dependent upon future economic events and other conditions that may be beyond the Group&#8217;s control. Accounts receivable which are deemed to be uncollectible are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. There is a time lag between when the Group estimates a portion of or the entire account balances to be uncollectible and when a write off of the account balances is taken. The Group does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. This adoption did not have material impact on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A contract liability is recognized when the Group has an obligation to transfer products or services to a customer for which the Group has received consideration from the customer, or for which an amount of consideration is due from the customer. Contract liabilities are included in advances from customers and deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Changes in the Group&#8217;s contract liabilities (advances from customers and deferred revenue) are presented in the following table for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Contract liabilities as of January 1, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 60,718,426</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received in advance, excluding VAT</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,852,443,422</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (50,024,734)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (2,789,235,984)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 73,901,130</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received in advance, excluding VAT</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,118,016,702</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (62,471,630)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (2,055,218,506)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 74,227,696</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(s)&#160;&#160;&#160;Warranties</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group provides for the estimated costs of warranties at the time when revenue is recognized. The specific terms and conditions of those warranties vary among different parts of electric scooters. Factors that affect the Group&#8217;s warranty obligation include product defect rates and costs of repair or replacement. These factors are estimates that may change based on new information that becomes available during the reported period. The portion of the warranty reserve expected to be incurred within the next 12 months is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities while the remaining balance is included within other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(t)&#160;&#160;&#160;Cost of Revenues</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues mainly consists of the cost of products sold, logistics costs, write-downs of inventories and warranty costs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(u)&#160;&#160;&#160;Selling and Marketing Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses mainly consist of advertising expenses, promotion expenses and payroll and related expenses for personnel engaged in selling and marketing activities. Advertising expenses, which consist primarily of online and offline advertisements, are expensed when the services are received. The advertising expenses were RMB160,415,978, RMB191,776,905 and RMB177,824,898&#160;for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(v)&#160;&#160;&#160;General and Administrative Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses mainly consist of allowance for doubtful accounts, payroll and related costs for employees involved in general corporate functions, professional fees, foreign currency exchange gains (losses) and other general corporate expenses, as well as expenses associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation and rental expenses.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(w)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Research and Development Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses mainly consist of payroll and related costs for employees involved in researching and developing new products and technologies, design and development expenses, and expenses associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation and rental expenses. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(x)&#160;&#160;&#160;Government Grants</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions attached to it and the grant will be received. Grants that compensate the Group for expenses incurred are recognized in the Group&#8217;s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) on a systematic basis in the same periods in which the expenses are incurred. Grants that compensate the acquisition cost of an asset are recorded as a liability in the Group&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets and are recognized in the Group&#8217;s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) over the useful life of the asset. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, nil of liability was related to the government grants that compensate the acquisition cost of an asset. </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s government grants mainly consist of certain subsidies or tax refund from local government or industrial parks where its offices locate. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, RMB48,726,818, RMB16,385,038 and RMB2,968,735 of government grants are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), respectively. There were no significant commitment, contingencies or provision for recapture conditions for the government grants received for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(y)&#160;&#160;&#160;Share-based Compensation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company periodically grants share-based awards, including but not limited to, restricted share units and share options to eligible employees and directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Share-based awards granted to employees and directors are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards, and are recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Forfeitures are accounted when they occur.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A change in any of the terms or conditions of share-based awards is accounted for as a modification of the awards. The Group calculates incremental compensation cost of a modification as the excess of the fair value of the modified awards over the fair value of the original awards immediately before its terms are modified at the modification date. For vested awards, the Group recognizes incremental compensation cost in the period the modification occurs. For awards not being fully vested, the Group recognizes the sum of the incremental compensation cost and the remaining unrecognized compensation cost for the original awards over the remaining requisite service period after modification.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Share-based compensation in relation to the restricted share units is measured based on the fair value of the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares at the grant date of the award. The fair value is the closing prices of the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares traded in the open market as of the grant date. Share-based compensation in relation to the share options is estimated using the Binominal Option Pricing Model. The determination of the fair value of share options is affected by the share price of the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares as well as the assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, including the expected share price volatility (estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company and comparable peer public companies with a time horizon close to the expected term of the Company&#8217;s options), risk-free interest rate, exercise multiple and expected dividend yield. The fair value of these awards was determined with the assistance from a valuation report prepared by an independent valuation firm using management&#8217;s estimates and assumptions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(z)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Employee Benefits</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s subsidiaries and the VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries in PRC participate in a government mandated, multiemployer, defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain retirement, medical, housing and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. PRC labor laws require the entities incorporated in China to pay to the local labor bureau a&#160;monthly contribution calculated at a stated contribution rate on the&#160;monthly basic compensation of qualified employees. The Group has no further commitments beyond its&#160;monthly contribution. Employee social benefits included as cost of revenues and expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) amounted to RMB31,122,424, RMB42,637,403 and RMB42,376,447&#160;for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(aa)&#160;Income Taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Current income taxes are provided on the basis of net income (loss) for financial reporting purposes, and adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions. Deferred income taxes are provided using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax effects of temporary differences and are determined by applying enacted statutory tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse to the temporary differences between the financial statements&#8217; carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset deferred tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred income tax assets if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred income taxes arising from a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) in the period of&#160;change.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group applies a &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; recognition threshold in the evaluation of uncertain tax positions. The Group recognizes the benefit of a tax position in its consolidated financial statements if the tax position is &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; to prevail based on the facts and technical merits of the position. Tax positions that meet the &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty&#160;percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits may be affected by changes in interpretation of laws, rulings of tax authorities, tax audits, and expiry of statutory limitations. In addition, changes in facts, circumstances and new information may require the Group to adjust the recognition and measurement estimates with regard to individual tax positions. Accordingly, unrecognized tax benefits are periodically reviewed and re-assessed. Adjustments, if required, are recorded in the Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements in the period in which the change that necessities the adjustments occur. The ultimate outcome for a particular tax position may not be determined with certainty prior to the conclusion of a tax audit and, in certain circumstances, a tax appeal or litigation process. The Group records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits (if&#160;any) in interest expenses and general and administrative expenses, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Group did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax&#160;positions. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(bb)&#160;Foreign currency translation and foreign currency risks</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s reporting currency is Renminbi (&#8220;RMB&#8221;). The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiary incorporated at Hong Kong S.A.R., the United States and Singapore is the United States dollars (&#8220;US$&#8221;). The functional currencies of the Company&#8217;s subsidiary incorporated in British Virgin Islands, Indonesia, Switzerland and Germany are Great Britain Pound (&#8220;GBP&#8221;), Indonesia Rupiah (&#8220;IDR&#8221;), Swiss Franc (&#8220;CHF&#8221;) and European Monetary Unit (&#8220;EUR&#8221;), respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The functional currency of the Company&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries is RMB.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are remeasured into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rate at the balance sheet date. The resulted exchange differences are recorded as foreign currency exchange gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries incorporated at Hong Kong S.A.R., the United States, Singapore, British Virgin Islands, Indonesia, Switzerland and Germany are translated from the functional currency into RMB. Assets and liabilities are translated into RMB using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet date. Equity accounts other than earnings generated in the current period are translated into RMB using the appropriate historical rates. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated into RMB using the average exchange rates for the relevant period. The resulted foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and the accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders&#8217; equity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The RMB is not a freely convertible currency. The PRC State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the PRC government, controls the conversion of RMB to foreign currencies. The value of the RMB is subject to changes of central government policies and international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China foreign exchange trading system&#160;market.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(cc)&#160;Concentration and risk</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Concentration of customers and suppliers</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following tables summarized the customer with greater than 10% of the total revenue and accounts receivable:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:61.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Greater than 10% of the total revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;background:#ffffff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Customer A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">319,208,693</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">12%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:44.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Greater than 10% of the accounts receivable </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Customer B</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 135,105,131</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">45%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 90,892,779</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">34%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Customer C</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 32,443,005</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">12%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.47%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Greater than 10% of advances from customers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Customer D</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,787,482</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">11%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,396,333</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">12%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following tables summarized the suppliers with greater than 10% of the total purchase:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:54.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Greater than 10% of total purchase</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supplier X</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 298,264,146</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">12%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 354,956,312</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">13%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supplier Y</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 286,132,811</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">16%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">No suppliers individually represent greater than 10% of accounts payable of the Group as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.</p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;width:18pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">*</span></span>The amount was less than 10% of total balance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Concentration of credit risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash, short-term investments and accounts receivable, net.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s investment policy requires cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash and short-term investments to be placed with high-quality financial institutions and to limit the amount of credit risk from any one issuer. The Group regularly evaluates the credit standing of the counterparties or financial institutions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group conducts credit evaluations on its customers prior to delivery of goods or services. The assessment of customer creditworthiness is primarily based on historical collection records, research of publicly available information and customer on-site visits by senior management. Based on this analysis, the Group determines what credit terms, if any, to offer to each customer individually. If the assessment indicates a likelihood of collection risk, the Company will not deliver the services or sell the products to the customer or require the customer to pay cash, post letters of credit to secure payment or to make significant down payments.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Interest rate risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s short-term bank borrowing bears interests at fixed rates. If the Group were to renew these loans, the Group might be subject to interest rate&#160;risk.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(dd)&#160;Earnings (Loss) per Share</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares or ordinary share equivalents outstanding during the year using the two-class method. Vested share options, which are exercisable for nominal consideration, and vested restricted share units are included in the calculation of the weighted-average number of shares of ordinary shares as ordinary share equivalents. Under the two-class method, any net income is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on their participating rights. A net loss is not allocated to participating securities when the participating securities does not have contractual obligation to share losses.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares used in calculating basic net earnings (loss) per ordinary share and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding share option with the exception of vested share options with nominal exercise consideration and unvested restricted share units (using the treasury stock method). Ordinary equivalent shares are calculated based on the most advantageous conversion rate or exercise price from the standpoint of the security holder. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included in the denominator of the diluted earnings (loss)per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(ee)&#160;Segment Reporting</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. For the purpose of internal reporting and management&#8217;s operation review, the Company&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer and management personnel do not segregate the Group&#8217;s business by product. All products and services are viewed as in one and the only operating segment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(ff)&#160;Statutory Reserves</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In accordance with the PRC Company Laws, the Group&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries must make appropriations from their after-tax profits as determined under the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the PRC (&#8220;PRC&#160;GAAP&#8221;) to non-distributable reserve funds including statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund. The appropriation to the statutory surplus fund must be 10% of the after-tax profits as determined under PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the statutory surplus fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of the PRC companies. Appropriation to the discretionary surplus fund is made at the discretion of the PRC&#160;companies.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund are restricted for use. They may only be applied to offset losses or increase the registered capital of the respective companies. These reserves are not allowed to be transferred to the Company by way of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor can they be distributed except for liquidation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Group&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries made appropriations to the statutory reserves of RMB20,875,864, RMB42,654 and nil, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(gg)&#160;Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, it provides new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment. The guidance will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statement disclosures.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disaggregated information about the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The guidance will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statement disclosures.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126899994&amp;loc=d3e18726-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2122369<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>28
<FILENAME>R11.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492686779104">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">3. SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Short-term investments consisted of the following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Aggregate cost basis</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 160,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> &#8212;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Gross unrealized holding gain</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 406,301</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> &#8212;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Aggregate fair value</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 160,406,301</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> &#8212;</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The Group&#8217;s short-term investments represent wealth management products issued by commercial banks in the PRC which are redeemed upon demand of the Group. The wealth management products are invested in debt securities issued by the PRC government, corporate debt securities, bank deposits, central bank bills and other securities issued by other financial institutions. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were no gross unrealized holding&#160;losses.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for investments in certain debt and equity securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&amp;trid=2209399<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&amp;trid=2324412<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2196928<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 940<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&amp;trid=2176304<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K (SK)<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 1403<br> -Paragraph (b)<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>29
<FILENAME>R12.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691217664">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accounts receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 329,336,616</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 263,994,880</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Allowance for doubtful accounts</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (29,593,693)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (169,038,710)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accounts receivable, net</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 299,742,923</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 94,956,170</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance at the beginning of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,307,381</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,549,366</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 29,593,693</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Additions</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,272,454</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25,044,327</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 139,445,017</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Write-off</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (30,469)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 4,549,366</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 29,593,693</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 169,038,710</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for claims held for amounts due a entity, excluding financing receivables. Examples include, but are not limited to, trade accounts receivables, notes receivables, loans receivables. Includes disclosure for allowance for credit losses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&amp;trid=2196772<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>30
<FILENAME>R13.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692382640">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INVENTORIES<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract', window );"><strong>INVENTORIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock', window );">INVENTORIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">5. INVENTORIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Inventories consisted of the following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Finished goods</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 267,036,620</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 244,373,815</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Works in progress</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 69,290</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 6,925</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Raw materials</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 149,903,238</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 148,409,401</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Inventories</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 417,009,148</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 392,790,141</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Write-downs of inventories from the carrying amount to its estimated net realizable value amounted to RMB3,679,669, RMB8,991,793 and RMB21,681,652 were made for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively, and were recorded as cost of revenues.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for inventory. Includes, but is not limited to, the basis of stating inventory, the method of determining inventory cost, the classes of inventory, and the nature of the cost elements included in inventory.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2126998<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>31
<FILENAME>R14.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492684628624">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">6. PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayments and other current assets consisted of the&#160;following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Deductible input VAT and VAT rebates receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 104,391,993</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 123,335,099</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayments to suppliers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 54,722,157</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 35,692,402</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Receivable from online platforms</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 11,555,500</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 12,258,397</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred charge</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 14,359,452</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 11,722,400</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Interest receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,916,240</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,357,967</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Income tax receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 13,349,602</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,450</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Others*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 5,400,773</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4,696,414</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Prepayments and other current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 205,695,717</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 195,072,129</b></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">*</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Others mainly include deposits receivable.</span><i style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> </i></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for prepayments and other current assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>32
<FILENAME>R15.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492689069584">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock', window );">PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Property, plant and equipment consisted of the&#160;following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.21%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Furniture </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 380,987,667</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 375,782,740</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Machinery and equipment </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 135,365,960</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 173,869,199</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Building</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 148,449,403</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 149,465,476</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Office and electronic equipment </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 31,868,495</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 33,252,080</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Leasehold improvement</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,778,718</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,792,479</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Motor vehicles</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,811,160</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,811,160</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Property, plant and equipment</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 711,261,403</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 746,973,134</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: Accumulated depreciation</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (313,904,608)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (423,860,768)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Property, plant and equipment, net</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 397,356,795</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 323,112,366</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment was allocated to the following expense&#160;items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 19,702,392</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 23,554,266</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 26,811,275</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,856,968</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,113,535</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,057,825</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 62,949,248</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 104,721,594</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 107,996,726</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,092,290</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,381,707</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,641,514</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total depreciation expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 93,600,898</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 140,771,102</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 147,507,340</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 958<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126982197&amp;loc=d3e99893-112916<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2155823<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 958<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126982197&amp;loc=SL120174063-112916<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 958<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126982197&amp;loc=d3e99779-112916<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>33
<FILENAME>R16.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492688445424">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Intangible assets consisted of the following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:50.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amortization</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">carrying</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">carrying</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">period</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amortization</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amount</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Trademarks</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">5-10 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 8,983,153</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (8,503,451)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 479,702</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Domain name</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">5-10 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,820,913</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (3,618,766)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 202,147</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">License</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">10 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,943,396</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (767,925)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,175,471</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 14,747,462</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (12,890,142)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,857,320</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:50.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amortization</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">carrying</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">carrying</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">period</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amortization</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amount</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Trademarks</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_If5kjX9RkEWGRKn63eLGUw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">5</span></span>-10 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,130,529</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (8,976,570)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 153,959</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Domain name</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_PCxj2VxiEECapTNsgKNneA;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">5</span></span>-10 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,826,626</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (3,655,316)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 171,310</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">License</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">10 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,943,396</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (962,264)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 981,132</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 14,900,551</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (13,594,150)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,306,401</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Amortization expense on intangible assets was allocated to the following expense items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 194,340</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 194,340</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 194,340</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,677,810</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,745,967</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 363,079</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total amortization expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,872,150</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,940,307</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 557,419</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, estimated amortization expense of the existing intangible assets for each of the next five years is RMB264,453, RMB264,453, RMB250,275, RMB248,986 and RMB248,986.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for all or part of the information related to intangible assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&amp;trid=2144471<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>34
<FILENAME>R17.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492689509152">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock', window );">OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">9. OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Other non-current assets consisted of the following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayment for an investment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,376,350</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,728,406</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayment for property, plant and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,914,411</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,231,253</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,392,329</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,770,719</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 12,683,090</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 6,730,378</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for other non-current assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>35
<FILENAME>R18.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691300864">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock', window );">SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">10. SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Secured borrowing</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 160,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100,000,000</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In July 2021, a commercial bank in the PRC provided the Group with a <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_MQWxeSD9ckKbqUKecM-J1A;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">ten-month</span></span> short-term credit bank borrowing of RMB20,000,000 bearing interest of 3.5% per annum. In May 2022, the Group fully repaid this borrowing, and obtained a new <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_WGtW1H8hcU-4RiGx8otOig;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">one-year</span></span> short-term borrowing of RMB20,000,000 bearing interest of 3.3% per annum. In November 2022, the borrowing was fully repaid. As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance of this borrowing was nil.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In June 2021, the Group entered into a <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_fxxYv-mlJUumQroHbL025w;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">two-year</span></span> secured loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC, pursuant to which the Group is entitled to borrow a secured bank loan of up to RMB160,000,000. In June 2021, the Group drew down RMB160,000,000 under this facility agreement bearing interest of 3.5% per annum, and repaid RMB40,000,000 and RMB120,000,000 in September and December 2021, respectively. In December 2021, June 2022 and December 2022, the Group drew down RMB160,000,000 each under this facility agreement for three times, bearing interest of 3.2%, 3.0% and 3.0%, respectively, and fully repaid in June 2022, December 2022 and January 2023, respectively, and the cash collateral in this bank was released accordingly. As of December 31 2022, and 2023, total outstanding balance of these borrowings was RMB160,000,000 and nil, respectively, and the cash collateral in the form of a US dollar deposit held with the bank was equivalent to RMB176,204,380 and nil, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">In March 2023, the Group entered into a <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_7FZnOL4pN0-uoNeJcYaKPw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">twelve-months</span></span> secured loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC, pursuant to which the Group is entitled to borrow a secured bank loan of up to RMB160,000,000. In June and August 2023, the Group drew down RMB41,380,805 and RMB58,619,195, respectively, under this facility agreement bearing interest of 3.2% per annum. As of December 31, 2023, the total outstanding borrowings were RMB100,000,000 and the Group provided cash collateral in the form of a US dollar deposit equivalent to RMB107,521,732 held with the bank.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the outstanding short-term bank borrowings bore a weighted average interest rate of 3.0% and 3.2% per annum, respectively, and were denominated in RMB. These loans were obtained from financial institutions located in the PRC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, unused secured loan facility amounted to nil and RMB60,000,000, respectively.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for short-term debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2208564<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>36
<FILENAME>R19.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492776167536">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>NOTES PAYABLE<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract', window );"><strong>NOTES PAYABLE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_NotesPayableTextBlock', window );">NOTES PAYABLE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">11. NOTES PAYABLE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">In December 2021, the Group entered into a twelve-month loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC. Pursuant to this agreement, the Group was entitled to borrow a short-term bank borrowing and notes payable of up to RMB200,000,000.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">In April 2022, the Group entered into a twelve-month revolving loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC, and was entitled to extend maturity date to April 2024. Pursuant to this agreement, the Group was entitled to borrow a short-term bank borrowing and notes payable of up to RMB300,000,000. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, notes payable represent non-interest-bearing bank acceptance notes issued by the Group to suppliers that are due within twelve months.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, unused loan facility amounted to RMB183,167,887 and RMB132,717,312, respectively.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_NotesPayableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Entire disclosure of notes payable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_NotesPayableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>37
<FILENAME>R20.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492686602512">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock', window );">ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;">12. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Refundable payment from franchised stores&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 41,735,515</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 39,203,959</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,506,658</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 29,159,625</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued payroll and social insurance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 28,508,469</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,566,486</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Warranty&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 24,797,169</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,736,341</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Construction payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,512,545</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,372,306</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease liabilities&#8212;current (Note 20)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,743,648</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,094,066</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Sales rebate</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,878,273</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,975,640</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other taxes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,813,540</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,542,993</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Interest payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 280,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 87,671</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Others*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 31,317,126</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 34,772,309</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 192,092,943</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 165,511,396</b></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;">*</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;">Others mainly include accrued professional fees and other general corporate expenses.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group provides limited warranty to its end customers for terms varying from 6 months to 36 months, subject to certain conditions, such as normal use. For certain key components of electric scooter, the Group provides quality warranty varying from 12 months to 24 months. For lithium-ion battery packs, the Group provides a <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_vgM1-5mh10S1eI0guvGEPA;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">24</span></span>-month or 20,000-kilometer warranty or a <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_ZObh1wVXwUCkCj2GQCYAfg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">36</span></span>-month or 30,000-kilometer warranty, depending on the model. For the other components of the electric scooters, the Group provides quality warranty varying from 6 months to 36 months depending on the parts. The Group is responsible for replacing or repairing the faulty products during their respective warranty terms.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Movement of provision for warranty was as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued warranty&#8212;beginning of year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 59,195,896</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 47,788,122</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 33,812,290</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrual for warranties issued during the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 35,181,557</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,355,810</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 23,248,155</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Warranty claims paid</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (22,554,689)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (23,894,070)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (30,051,582)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Pre-existing warranty expired</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (24,034,642)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (10,437,572)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,683,024)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accrued warranty&#8212;end of year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 47,788,122</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 33,812,290</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 25,325,839</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for accrued expenses and other current liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>38
<FILENAME>R21.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492689472032">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">13. OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Other non-current liabilities consisted of the following:</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Warranty&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,015,121</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 8,589,498</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Refundable payment from franchised stores&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,233,466</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 379,021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,192,795</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other non-current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 13,441,382</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 8,968,519</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for other liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20,24)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>39
<FILENAME>R22.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492686748928">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>ORDINARY SHARE<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract', window );"><strong>ORDINARY SHARE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock', window );">ORDINARY SHARE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">14. ORDINARY SHARE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s authorized share capital is US$500,000 divided into 5,000,000,000 shares comprising of (i) 4,900,000,000 Class A ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.0001 each, (ii) 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.0001 each and (iii) 50,000,000 shares with a par value of US$0.0001 each of such class or classes (however designated) as the Board of Directors may determine in accordance with the Company&#8217;s Memorandum and Articles of Association.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. Each Class A ordinary share entitles the holder to one vote on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of the Company, and each Class B ordinary share entitles the holder to four votes on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of the Company. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">On May 17, 2021, a Class B ordinary shareholder converted 1,440,000 Class B ordinary shares to Class A ordinary shares.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2022, there were 137,719,542 Class A ordinary shares and 16,542,020 Class B ordinary shares outstanding.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, there were 138,575,010 Class A ordinary shares and 16,542,020 Class B ordinary shares outstanding.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2208762<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496158-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496158-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496171-112644<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496171-112644<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496189-112644<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496158-112644<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496189-112644<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496158-112644<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496171-112644<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496189-112644<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496180-112644<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496158-112644<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126731327&amp;loc=SL126733271-114008<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>40
<FILENAME>R23.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691302368">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock', window );">SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">15. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Share options and restricted share units</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">a)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">2016 Global Share Incentive Plan</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In January 2016, the Company&#8217;s Shareholders and Board of Directors approved 2016 Global Share Incentive Plan and amended it in March 2018 (the &#8220;Amended 2016 Plan&#8221;). Under the Amended 2016 Plan, a maximum aggregate number of 5,861,480&#160;ordinary shares may be issued pursuant to all awards granted. Share options or restricted share unites expire 10 years from the grant date. </p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">b)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;">2018 Share Incentive Plan</span></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:10pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In September 2018, the Company&#8217;s Shareholders and Board of Directors approved the 2018 Share Incentive Plan (the &#8220;2018 Plan&#8221;). Under the 2018 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares available for issuance is 6,733,703 ordinary shares, which shall be increased by a number equal to 1.5% of the total number of ordinary shares issued and outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, each fiscal year during the term of the 2018 Plan, if determined and approved by the Board of Directors for the relevant fiscal year. The Board of Directors has approved annual increases of 2,285,407, 2,305,212 and 2,313,923 ordinary shares for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, representing 1.5% of total issued and outstanding shares as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, pursuant to the 2018 Share Incentive Plan.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">A summary of the share options activities under the Amended 2016 Plan and the 2018 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2023 was presented below:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">remaining</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Aggregate</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;exercise</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">contractual</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">intrinsic&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">price</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">years</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">value</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding at January 1, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,414,608</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2.11</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Exercised</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (464,300)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 0.20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited/Expired</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (7,250)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 0.20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Outstanding at December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,943,058</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 2.34</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 4.56</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,190,466</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exercisable as of December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,943,058</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 2.34</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 4.56</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,190,466</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Compensation expenses recognized for share options for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense&#160;items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,318</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,235,102</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,936,414</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 905,764</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,018,126</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,862,189</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,191,242</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,649,255</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,008,382</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,047,542</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total share options compensation expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 12,910,801</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 10,806,985</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 6,144,548</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">No share options had been granted for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023. The total intrinsic value of share options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, were RMB77,271,754, RMB3,708,615 and RMB4,799,425, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were RMB15,732,201, RMB10,976,490 and RMB11,027,023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, total unrecognized compensation expense related to share options was nil.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A summary of the restricted share units activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was presented below:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average&#160;grant</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">date&#160;fair</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">value</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Unvested as of January 1, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,890,658</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4.59</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 232,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2.31</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Vested</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,507,862)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4.44</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (611,722)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4.30</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Unvested as of December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 2,003,074</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 4.53</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The restricted share units are generally scheduled to be vested over four equal annual installments, except 128,000 restricted share units were granted in 2022 with vesting in two equal annual installments under the 2018 Plan. For the year ended December 31, 2023, 232,000 restricted share units were granted with vesting in four equal annual installments.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Compensation expenses recognized for restricted share units for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 838,515</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,224,796</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,237,902</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,057,530</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,497,270</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,085,924</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,043,898</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,499,553</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 19,462,704</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,367,412</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,190,582</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,728,226</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total restricted share units compensation expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 34,307,355</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 47,412,201</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 41,514,756</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, RMB48,330,116 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted share units was expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.92 years.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Total share-based compensation expenses recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December 31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 846,833</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,224,796</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,237,902</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,292,632</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 15,433,684</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,991,688</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,062,024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 22,361,742</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 21,653,946</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,016,667</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 19,198,964</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,775,768</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total share-based compensation expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 47,218,156</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 58,219,186</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 47,659,304</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2228938<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (l)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)(i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>41
<FILENAME>R24.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691276656">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock', window );">FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">16. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following tables presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Level&#160;1</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Level&#160;2</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Level&#160;3</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair&#160;Value</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments (Note&#160;3)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 160,406,301</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 160,406,301</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">There was no financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2023.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>42
<FILENAME>R25.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492685931616">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INCOME TAX<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock', window );">INCOME TAX</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">17. INCOME TAX</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Income tax</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cayman Islands</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on income or capital gain. Additionally, the Cayman Islands does not impose a withholding tax on payments of dividends to shareholders.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">No stamp duty is payable in respect of the issue of the shares or on an instrument of transfer in respect of a&#160;share.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">United States</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the current U.S. federal corporate income tax, the Company&#8217;s subsidiary in United States are subject to 21% income tax on its taxable income generated from operations in United States. The company&#8217;s subsidiaries have no taxable income for all periods presented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">British Virgin Islands</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;B.V.I.&#8221;), entities incorporated in the B.V.I. are not subject to tax on their income or capital gains.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Indonesia</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the current laws of the Republic of Indonesia, the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Indonesia are subject to 25% income tax on its taxable income generated from operations in Indonesia.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Hong Kong</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Under the Hong Kong tax laws, subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the Hong Kong profits tax rate at 16.5% and they are exempted from income tax on their foreign-derived income and there are no withholding taxes in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends. A two-tiered profits tax rates regime was introduced in 2018 where the first HK$2 million of assessable profits earned by a company will be taxed at half of the current tax rate (8.25%) whilst the remaining profits will continue to be taxed at&#160; 16.5%. There is an anti-fragmentation measure where each group will have to nominate only one company in the group to benefit from the progressive rates. The Company did not make any provisions for Hong Kong profit tax as there were no assessable profits derived from or earned in Hong Kong for any of the periods presented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">PRC</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s mainland China subsidiaries, the VIE, and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries are subject to the PRC Corporate Income Tax Law (&#8220;CIT Law&#8221;), and are generally subject to a statutory income tax rate of 25%. Under the CIT Law, preferential tax treatments will be granted to entities which conduct businesses in certain encouraged sectors and to entities otherwise classified as &#8220;High and New Technology Enterprises&#8221; (&#8220;HNTE&#8221;). Jiangsu Xiaoniu and Beijing Niudian were qualified as HNTEs and enjoy a preferential income tax rate of 15% for the fiscal years from 2021 to 2023 and <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_xzmrLM8Bck24mMJGeBXvWQ;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">2022</span></span> to 2024, respectively. An entity could re-apply for the HNTE certificate when the prior certificate expires. The foregoing preferential income tax rates, however, are subject to periodic review and renewal by PRC authorities.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The CIT Law also provides that an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country or region but whose &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; is located in the PRC be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of 25% for its global income. The Implementing Rules&#160;of the CIT Law define the location of the &#8220;de facto management body&#8221; as &#8220;the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, property, etc., of a non-PRC company is located.&#8221; Based on a review of surrounding facts and circumstances, the Group does not believe that it is likely that its operations outside the PRC should be considered a resident enterprise for PRC tax&#160;purposes.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cayman</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (9,397,404)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (10,448,513)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,192,264)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Indonesia</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (881,810)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (984,230)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,268,462)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Hong Kong S.A.R.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (6,700,069)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (14,613,793)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (7,930,644)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">B.V.I.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (278,774)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (48,100)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (840,681)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">PRC, excluding Hong Kong S.A.R.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 289,836,300</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (44,894,563)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (270,748,715)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 272,857,017</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (71,219,873)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (282,028,866)</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Current income tax expense (benefit)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 42,715,007</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (15,677,411)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 759,425</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred income tax expense (benefit)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,321,601</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (6,079,533)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (10,952,309)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 47,036,608</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (21,756,944)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (10,192,884)</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Withholding tax on undistributed dividends</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The CIT law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a foreign investment enterprise (&#8220;FIE&#8221;) to its immediate holding company outside of China, if such immediate holding company is considered as a non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within China, unless such immediate holding company&#8217;s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. The Cayman Islands, where the Company is incorporated, does not have such tax treaty with China. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion in August 2006, dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5% (if&#160;the foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the FIE). The Group plans to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings of the Group&#8217;s PRC entities, and therefore, no provision for PRC dividend withholding tax was accrued.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Reconciliation of the differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and the Group&#8217;s effective income tax rate for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are as&#160;follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Computed expected income tax expense (benefit)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 68,214,254</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (17,804,968)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (71,077,803)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Non-PRC entities not subject to income tax</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,244,821</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,581,327</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,820,038</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses bonus deduction</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (23,328,287)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (34,910,421)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (30,807,283)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Non-deductible share-based compensation expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,015,406</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,866,734</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,742,974</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other non-deductible expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 723,768</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 638,898</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,491,593</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Preferential tax rate difference</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,075,033)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,301,540</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Tax filing differences</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,682,378</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,770,720)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 229,108</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Change in valuation allowance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (16,515,732)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,717,239</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 67,106,949</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Actual income tax expense (benefit)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 47,036,608</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (21,756,944)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (10,192,884)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of preferential tax rates on basic earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 0.02</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.05)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of preferential tax rates on diluted earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 0.02</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.05)</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:6pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Deferred income tax assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net operating loss carry forwards</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 33,325,461</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 74,876,303</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued warranty</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,071,844</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,798,876</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Advertising expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,113,991</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,470,357</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,938,710</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Allowance for doubtful accounts</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,037,684</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 41,878,340</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Lease Liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,334,705</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,099,451</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Write-downs for inventories</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 825,208</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,529,042</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: Valuation allowance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (40,764,285)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (107,782,306)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total deferred income tax assets, net</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 17,300,974</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 29,452,407</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Deferred income tax liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease right of use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,334,705</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,099,451</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 60,946</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Property, plant and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,171,103</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,968,429</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total deferred income tax liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 12,566,754</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 11,067,880</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net deferred income tax assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 6,132,499</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 20,747,021</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net deferred income tax liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">1,398,279</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2,362,494</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the Group had net operating loss carry forwards of RMB334,224,635 attributable to the PRC subsidiaries, the VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries. Tax losses of nil, RMB29,986,636, RMB21,713,526, RMB75,298,399 and RMB207,226,074 will expire, if unused, by 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027 and 2028, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A valuation allowance is provided against deferred income tax assets when the Group determines that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be utilized in the foreseeable future. The valuation allowance as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 was primarily provided for the deferred income tax assets of certain PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries. In making such determination, the Group evaluates a variety of factors including the Group&#8217;s operating history, accumulated deficit, existence of taxable temporary differences and reversal periods. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible or utilizable. Management considers projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Changes in valuation allowance are as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Balance at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 41,219,052</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 24,508,473</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 40,764,285</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Additions</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,567,822</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25,114,239</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 68,593,841</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Reduction</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (22,278,401)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (8,858,427)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,575,820)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">24,508,473</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 40,764,285</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 107,782,306</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">According to the PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitation is three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent. The statute of limitation is extended to five years under special circumstances where the underpayment of taxes is more than RMB100,000. In the case of transfer pricing issues, the statute of limitation is ten years. There is no statute of limitation in the case of tax evasion. The income tax returns of the Company&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries for the&#160;years from 2019 to 2023 are open to examination by the PRC tax authorities.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32857-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330215-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32809-109319<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32705-109319<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 270<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6424409&amp;loc=d3e44925-109338<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2144680<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6424122&amp;loc=d3e41874-109331<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>43
<FILENAME>R26.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492688940624">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock', window );">NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">18. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table sets forth the basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share computation and provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for the years presented:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.46%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.46%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Numerator:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net income (loss)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 225,820,409</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (49,462,929)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (271,835,982)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Denominator:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 153,174,715</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 154,109,051</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 154,795,461</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Weighted average number of ordinary shares equivalents outstanding</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 497,643</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,067,871</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,020,644</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Denominator for basic net income (loss) per ordinary share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 153,672,358</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 155,176,922</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 156,816,105</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Dilutive effect of outstanding share options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,366,690</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Dilutive effect of unvested restricted share units</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,421,928</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 160,460,976</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 155,176,922</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 156,816,105</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net income (loss) per ordinary share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Basic</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1.47</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.32)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1.73)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1.41</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.32)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1.73)</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Securities that could potentially dilute basic net income (loss) per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share because to do so would have been antidilutive for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 were as follow:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,414,608</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,943,058</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Unvested restricted share units</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,890,658</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,003,074</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for earnings per share.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109243012&amp;loc=SL65017193-207537<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2144383<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3630-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>44
<FILENAME>R27.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492685725248">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock', window );">REVENUE INFORMATION</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">19. REVENUE INFORMATION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Revenues consisted of the following:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:38.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:38.06%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Electric scooter sales</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,252,988,512</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,853,895,423</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,358,658,368</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accessory and spare parts sales</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 397,088,122</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 242,296,734</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 197,634,073</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Service revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 54,460,785</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 72,405,177</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 95,465,205</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Revenues</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,704,537,419</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,168,597,334</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 2,651,757,646</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following summarized the Group&#8217;s revenues from the following geographic areas (based on the location of&#160;customers):</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">PRC</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,158,966,932</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,583,843,616</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,247,593,239</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Europe</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 430,201,301</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 343,157,877</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 151,521,237</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 115,369,186</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 241,595,841</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 252,643,170</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Revenues</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,704,537,419</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,168,597,334</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 2,651,757,646</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=49130388<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130551-203045<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130556-203045<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130554-203045<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130550-203045<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130554-203045<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130554-203045<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130554-203045<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130558-203045<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130554-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>45
<FILENAME>R28.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691319008">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>OPERATING LEASES<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>OPERATING LEASES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock', window );">OPERATING LEASES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">20. OPERATING LEASES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group leases its facilities and offices under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the operating lease cost were RMB11,947,682, RMB9,352,700 and RMB7,549,026, respectively, and the short-term lease cost were RMB1,357,660, RMB847,735 and RMB1,480,259, respectively. There were no leasing costs other than operating lease costs or short-term lease costs.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A summary of supplemental information related to operating leases as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 was as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Operating lease right-of-use assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 86,597,121</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 76,821,285</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_TiFC9rcIt06q_jde-_ll9Q;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Operating lease liabilities&#8212;current (Note 12)</span></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,743,648</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,094,066</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease liabilities&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,569,128</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 280,421</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total operating lease liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 15,312,776</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 5,374,487</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December 31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,569,023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 8,046,828</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,711,479</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 10,201,553</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 921,405</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,744,607</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for prepayment for land use right</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 26,550,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Modification to right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (11,469,923)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (5,217,099)</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The weighted average remaining lease term as of December 31, 2023 was 1.1 years, and the weighted average discount rate of the operating leases was 3.92%.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Maturities of lease liabilities under the Group&#8217;s non-cancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Within 1 year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 5,176,941</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">After 1 year but within 2 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 284,407</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total undiscounted lease payment</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 5,461,348</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">less: Imputed interest</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (86,861)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Present value of lease liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 5,374,487</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the Group has no significant lease contract that has been entered into but not yet commenced.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for operating leases of lessee. Includes, but is not limited to, description of operating lease and maturity analysis of operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&amp;trid=77888251<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>46
<FILENAME>R29.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492781241968">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">21. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.32;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The Group did not have any significant capital or other commitments or guarantees or contingencies as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for commitments and contingencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 440<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2144648<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 440<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6491277&amp;loc=d3e6429-115629<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2127136<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 440<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123406679&amp;loc=d3e25336-109308<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 440<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123406679&amp;loc=d3e25336-109308<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>47
<FILENAME>R30.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691187584">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock', window );">PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">22. PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For the presentation of the parent company only condensed financial information, the Company records its investment in subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries, under the equity method of accounting as prescribed in ASC 323, <i style="font-style:italic;">Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures</i>. Such investments are presented on the condensed balance sheets as &#8220;Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries&#8221; and the subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries&#8217; income as &#8220;Share of income (loss) from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries&#8221; on the condensed statements of results of operations. The parent company only condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were no material contingencies, significant provisions of long-term obligations, mandatory dividend or redemption requirements of redeemable stocks or guarantees of Niu Technologies, except for those, which have been separately disclosed in the consolidated financial statements.</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:21.6pt;padding:0pt;">(a)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Condensed Balance Sheets</span></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 12,375,894</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 233,958,655</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 208,589,770</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 77,555,565</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 176,204,380</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 107,521,733</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 12,486,238</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 12,035,145</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 409,656,282</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 431,071,098</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 906,298,879</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 671,329,320</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other non-current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,219</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,315,956,380</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,102,400,418</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Amount due to subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,262,270</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,564,315</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,596,233</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,219,869</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current liabilities and total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 5,858,503</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 8,784,184</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Shareholders&#8217; equity:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Class A ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 89,428</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 90,031</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Class B ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,316</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,316</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Additional paid-in capital</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,915,825,641</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,964,138,365</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (16,536,686)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (9,495,674)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accumulated deficit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (589,290,822)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (861,126,804)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,310,097,877</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,093,616,234</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities and shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,315,956,380</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,102,400,418</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:21.6pt;padding:0pt;">(b)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Condensed Statements of Results of Operations</span></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total operating expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (11,441,931)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (15,414,575)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (17,739,201)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share of income (loss) from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 235,264,719</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (39,264,560)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (270,498,551)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Interest income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,997,621</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,216,206</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,401,770</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Income (loss) before income taxes</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 225,820,409</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (49,462,929)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (271,835,982)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Income tax expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net income (loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 225,820,409</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (49,462,929)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (271,835,982)</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:21.6pt;padding:0pt;">(c)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Condensed Statements of </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Cash Flows</span></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25,839,822</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (23,565,305)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,392,402</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,132,750</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (95,940,040)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 133,818,900</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by financing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,246,384</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,203,086</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 654,023</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (6,107,381)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 21,972,182</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,034,789</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 42,111,575</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (95,330,077)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 152,900,114</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 241,798,776</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 283,910,351</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 188,580,274</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 283,910,351</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 188,580,274</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 341,480,388</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>srt_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for condensed financial information, including the financial position, cash flows, and the results of operations of the registrant (parent company) as of the same dates or for the same periods for which audited consolidated financial statements are being presented. Alternatively, the details of this disclosure can be reported by the specific parent company taxonomy elements, indicating the appropriate date and period contexts in an instance document.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-04(Schedule I))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126898705&amp;loc=d3e5864-122674<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=d3e5283-111683<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e24072-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>48
<FILENAME>R31.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492684908288">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Basis of presentation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of presentation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United&#160;States of America (&#8220;U.S.&#160;GAAP&#8221;).</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock', window );">Principles of consolidation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;Principles of consolidation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with U.S.&#160;GAAP. The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE for which the Company or its subsidiary is the primary beneficiary, and the VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Subsidiaries are those entities in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting power or has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of directors. A VIE is an entity in which the Company, or its subsidiary, through contractual arrangements, exercises effective control over the activities that most impact the economic performance, bears the risks of, and enjoys the rewards normally associated with ownership of the entity, and therefore the Company or its subsidiary is the primary beneficiary of the&#160;entity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">All intercompany transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE and the VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates', window );">Use of estimates</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;Use of estimates</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S.&#160;GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reported period in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates include, but not limited to, depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, the realization of deferred income tax assets, future warranty expenses, current expected credit loss and discount rate for operating leases. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revising estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and as such, differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Convenience translation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;Convenience translation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Translations of balances in the consolidated financial statements from RMB into US$ as of and for the&#160;year ended December 31, 2023 are solely for the convenience of the readers and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB7.0999, representing the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers of RMB as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 29, 2023. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 29, 2023, or at any other rate. The US$ convenience translation is not required under U.S. GAAP and all US$convenience translation amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Commitments and contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;Commitments and contingencies</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In the normal course of business, the Group is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, shareholder lawsuits, and non-income tax matters. An accrual for a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is&#160;disclosed.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;Cash and cash equivalents</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Cash consists of cash on hand and cash at bank. Cash equivalents represent term deposits with original maturities of </span><span style="font-weight:normal;">three months</span><span style="font-weight:normal;"> or less, which are readily convertible to known amounts of cash. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited in financial institutions at the following locations:</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in EUR</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,986,595</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,233,516</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in RMB</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 278,917,866</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 334,796,621</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in GPB</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 244,790</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 504,471</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 220,296,524</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 499,117,291</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at mainland PRC financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 505,445,775</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 852,651,899</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the United States</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,087,973</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 691,290</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash balances held at United States financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 10,087,973</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 691,290</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the Hong Kong S.A.R.</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in HKD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 78,206</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 79,213</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,631,590</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,477,109</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash balances held at Hong Kong S.A.R. financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 14,709,796</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 11,556,322</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash balances held at financial institutions in other locations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,453,514</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 7,203,416</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 533,697,058</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 872,102,927</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock', window );">Term deposits</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(g)&#160;&#160;Term deposits</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Term deposits include current and non-current term deposits. Current term deposits represent deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than three months but less than one year. Non-current term deposits represent deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than one year. Term deposits are presented in the following table:</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in RMB</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 208,589,770</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 77,555,565</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total term deposits held</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 228,589,770</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 97,555,565</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 208,589,770</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 97,555,565</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(h)&#160;&#160;&#160;Restricted cash</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Restricted cash is an amount of cash deposited with banks primarily in conjunction with borrowings from banks and notes payable. Restriction on the use of such cash and the interest earned thereon is imposed by the banks and remains effective throughout the terms of the bank borrowings and notes payable. Restricted cash is classified as current asset on the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets, as all the balance are expected to be released to cash within the next twelve months from December 31, 2023. The Group&#8217;s restricted cash are denominated in RMB and USD and are deposited at financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 534,286,849</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 872,573,460</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 186,340,321</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 107,666,733</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 720,627,170</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 980,240,193</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock', window );">Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;Short-term investments</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s short-term investments represent the Group&#8217;s investments in financial products managed by financial institutions in the PRC which are redeemable at the option of the Group on any working day or have the original maturities of less than twelve months.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group classified the short-term investments, with aggregate amounts of RMB6,032,000,000 and RMB2,593,000,000 purchased for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively, as available-for-sale securities and are reported at fair value. Unrealized holding gains or losses, net of the related tax effect, on available-for-sale securities were excluded from earnings and recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. Realized gains or losses from the sale of short-term investments are determined on a specific identification basis and are recorded as investment income when earned.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group purchased short-term investments with aggregate amounts of RMB420,000,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, and elected the fair value option at the date of initial recognition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) Topic 825, <i style="font-style:italic;">Financial Instruments,</i> (&#8220;ASC 825), as the Group believes this approach can better reflect the economics of its investment interest. Changes in the fair value of these investments in the amount of RMB1,426,370 for the year ended December 31, 2023 were reflected on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) as investment income. Fair value is estimated based on quoted prices provided by financial institutions at the end of each reporting period.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(j)&#160;&#160;&#160;Inventories</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Cost of work-in-process and finished goods comprise direct materials, direct production costs and an allocation of production overheads based on normal operating capacity. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased. Inventory is written down for damaged and slow-moving goods, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand. When appropriate, write downs to inventory are recorded to write down the cost of inventories to their net realizable value.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock', window );">Property, plant and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(k)&#160;&#160;&#160;Property, plant and equipment, net</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recorded impairment.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.32;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Costs incurred in the construction of property, plant and equipment, including down payments and progress payments, are initially capitalized as construction in progress and transferred into their respective asset categories when the assets are ready for their intended use, at which time depreciation commences.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The estimated useful lives are as follows:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Estimated useful lives</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Building</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">50 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Machinery and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Z7G7NzI6vEaUSjcHx9VtrQ;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">3</span></span> - 10 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Furniture</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Nc2zRlK-6EWAcMIP63pLsw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">3</span></span> - 5 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Leasehold improvements</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">The shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining lease term</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Office and electronic equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_CLqBnDxKQUCwGuCoEtTZVg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">2</span></span> - 5 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Motor vehicles</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">3 - 4 years</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the&#160;assets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Depreciation of property, plant and equipment attributable to manufacturing activities is capitalized as part of inventories, and recognized as cost of revenues when the inventory is&#160;sold.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">When items are retired or otherwise disposed of, income is charged or credited for the difference between net book value and the proceeds received thereon. Ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and replacements and betterments are capitalized and amortized over the remaining useful&#160;life.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy', window );">Intangible assets, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(l)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Intangible assets, net</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life on straight-line basis and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible assets may be&#160;impaired.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(m)</span><span style="font-style:italic;">&#160;&#160;Leases</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group adopted ASC Topic 842, <i style="font-style:italic;">Leases</i> (&#8220;ASC 842&#8221;) as of January 1, 2021, and elected the package of practical expedients that not to reassess:(1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. The Group also elected the practical expedient of the short-term lease exemption for contracts with lease terms of twelve months or less. The Group categorizes leases with contractual terms longer than twelve months as either operating or finance lease. However, the Group has no finance leases for any of the periods presented.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at lease inception. For operating leases, the Group recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term, reduced by lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs, using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. Variable lease payments not dependent on an index or rate are excluded from the right-of-use asset and lease liability calculations and are recognized in expense in the period which the obligation for those payments is incurred. As the rate implicit in the Group&#8217;s lease is not typically readily available, the Group uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. This incremental borrowing rate reflects the fixed rate at which the Group could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments in the same currency, for a similar term, in a similar economic environment. The Group&#8217;s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Such options are accounted for only when it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise the options. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">From time to time, the Group purchases the rights to use government-owned land for a fixed period of time. Prior to the adoption of ASC 842, these land use rights were recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses in land use right, net in the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives, which is 50 years and represents the shorter of the estimated usage years or the terms of the land use rights certificate. Upon the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2021, land use rights acquired assessed in accordance with ASC 842 and recognized in operating right-of-use assets if they meet the definition of lease.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Impairment of long-lived assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(n)&#160;&#160;&#160;Impairment of long-lived assets</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets with finite lives are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Group had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the assets with an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets. No impairment of long-lived assets was recognized for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Value added taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(o)&#160;&#160;&#160;Value added taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries are subject to value added tax (&#8220;VAT&#8221;). Revenues from sales of products are generally subject to VAT at the rate of 13%. Revenues from services are generally subject to VAT at the rate of 6%. VAT are subsequently paid to PRC tax authorities after netting input VAT on purchases and VAT export rebates. The excess of output VAT over input VAT and VAT export rebates is reflected in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, the excess of input VAT and VAT export rebates over output VAT is reflected in prepayments and other current assets in the consolidated balance&#160;sheets.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Fair value measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(p)&#160;&#160;&#160;Fair value measurements</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Fair value represents the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a&#160;liability.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Accounting guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument&#8217;s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs&#160;are:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;">Level&#160;1&#8212;Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;">Level&#160;2&#8212;Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Level&#160;3&#8212;Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1)&#160;market approach; (2)&#160;income approach and (3)&#160;cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an&#160;asset.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Financial assets and liabilities of the Group primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other receivables, short-term bank borrowings, notes payable, accounts payable, and other payables. The Group measures short-term investments at fair value on a recurring basis. Short-term investments include financial products issued by financial institutions, which are valued based on prices per unit quoted by issuers. They are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the carrying values of other financial instruments approximated to their fair values as their interest rates are comparable to the prevailing interest rates in the market.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s non-financial assets, such as property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets, would be measured at fair value only if they were determined to be impaired.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock', window );">Revenue recognition</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(q)&#160;&#160;&#160;Revenue recognition</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group generates substantially all of its revenues from sales of electric scooters, accessories and spare parts to the Group&#8217;s PRC domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors or directly to individual customers online. The Group also generates its revenues from its subscription-based mobile application services, as well as insurance service as an agent. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group recognizes revenues upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation (upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers) in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example, value added taxes). For each performance obligation satisfied over time, the Group recognizes revenue over time by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. If the Group does not satisfy a performance obligation over time, the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">To achieve that core principle, the Group applies the five steps defined under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Group assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations are divided into separate distinct goods or services. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it (a) provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and (b) is separately identified in the contract. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative stand-alone selling price (&#8220;SSP&#8221;) of the goods or services provided. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised goods or services to a customer.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Products</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group identified one performance obligation which is to sell products, such as electric scooters, accessories and spare parts, to the Group&#8217;s PRC domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors or directly to individual customers online. For all sales of products, the Group requires a signed contract or purchase order, which specifies pricing, quantity and product specifications. Revenue of product sales is recognized on a gross basis upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation, which is to transfer the control of the promised products to customers. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The transfer of control of the products is satisfied at a point in time, which occurs when the products are accepted by the domestic offline distributors, overseas offline distributors or individual customers. When the Group sells its products to its domestic offline distributors for domestic sales in PRC, acceptance of the products by the domestic offline distributors is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by the domestic offline distributors, which is generally at the Group&#8217;s warehouse. When the Group sells its products to overseas offline distributors for oversea sales, acceptance of the products by overseas offline distributors is evidenced by shipping documents dependent upon the terms of the underlying contract. When the Group sells its products to individual customers through its own online store and third-party e-commerce platform, the Group is responsible for the delivery to individual customers. Acceptance of the products is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by individual customers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group provides sales volume rebate to qualified distributors based on the volume sold to such distributors in a certain period and grants online individual customers unconditional right to return the products within 7 up to 30 days after their acceptance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration the Group expects to receive in exchange for transferring products to domestic offline distributors, overseas offline distributors or individual customers. Consideration is recorded net of sales volume rebate, sales returns and VAT. Sales returns is estimated based on historical experiences, which were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group utilizes delivery service providers to deliver products to overseas offline distributors and individual customers (&#8220;shipping activities&#8221;), but the delivery service is not considered as a separate obligation as the shipping activities are performed before the overseas offline distributors and individual customers obtain control of the products. Therefore, shipping activities are not considered a separate promised service to them but rather are activities to fulfill the Group&#8217;s promise to transfer the products. Outbound shipping charges to overseas offline distributors and individual customers are included as a part of the revenues, and outbound shipping-related costs are included in our inventory and recognized as cost of revenue upon sale of products to overseas offline distributors and individual customers. Shipping costs incurred for sales of products and recognized as cost of revenues were RMB49,456,660, RMB101,970,407 and RMB52,541,201 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For some sales, the Group collects cash before delivery. Cash collected before product delivery is recognized as advances from customers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Service</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">When the Group sells its smart electric scooters to its customers, it also provides mobile application services for free for <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_xRIWjE1q9k-fPL-UH6XUqg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">one</span></span> to two years (the &#8220;free service period&#8221;). Customers are able to locate their smart electric scooters, as well as obtain the operating status (e.g. battery status), and claim online repair and maintenance requests of their smart electric scooters, upon their registration of their smart electric scooters on the Group&#8217;s mobile application. Customers may subscribe to such service after the free service period if they want to continue using aforementioned functions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Such revenue arrangements are divided into separate distinct performance obligations, including electric scooters and mobile application services. The Group determines the SSP for electric scooters and mobile application services based on their relative selling prices.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The allocated revenue to mobile application services of free service period and subscribed mobile application service revenue is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period, as the Group determines that the customer simultaneously receives and consumes benefits provided by the Group as the Group performs during the free service period or the subscription period.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The deferred revenue that will be recognized in the next twelve months is classified as current portion, and the remaining balance of deferred revenue is classified as non-current portion.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group also sells insurance plan for electric scooters (&#8220;NIU Cover&#8221;) to individual customers at their option. The insurance is provided by third party insurance companies. The Group determines that it acts as an agent for the NIU Cover service because it does not obtain control of the service before the service is transferred to the customers. The Group recognizes revenue on net basis when the insurance agreement is entered into between individual customers and insurance providers.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Remaining performance obligations</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The remaining performance obligation disclosure provides the aggregate amount of the transaction price yet to be recognized as of the end of the reporting period and an explanation as to when the Group expects to recognize these amounts in revenue. Additionally, as a practical expedient, the Group does not disclose the remaining performance obligations of contracts that have an original duration of one year or less.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was RMB74,227,696. Given the profile of contract terms, RMB61,059,585 of the remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue within the next 12 months and RMB13,168,111 is expected to be recognized as revenue between next <span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_BlnXwXjTuEaqBf1xJ-hxAA;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">12</span></span> to 36 months.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Contract Balances</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">(r)&#160;&#160;&#160;Contract Balances</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. </p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No.2016-13, <i style="font-style:italic;">Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments</i>, and subsequent amendments to the initial guidance within ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-11 and ASU 2020-02, collectively referred to as &#8220;ASC 326&#8221; on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption of ASC 326 starting from January 1, 2021, the provision of credit losses for accounts receivable is based upon the current expected credit losses (&#8220;CECL&#8221;) model. The CECL model requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of accounts receivable since initial recognition, and accounts receivable with similar risk characteristics are grouped together when estimating CECL. In assessing the CECL, the Group considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical credit loss experience, adjusted for relevant factors impacting collectability and forward-looking information indicative of external market conditions. While the Group uses the best information available in making determination, the ultimate recovery of recorded receivables is also dependent upon future economic events and other conditions that may be beyond the Group&#8217;s control. Accounts receivable which are deemed to be uncollectible are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. There is a time lag between when the Group estimates a portion of or the entire account balances to be uncollectible and when a write off of the account balances is taken. The Group does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. This adoption did not have material impact on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A contract liability is recognized when the Group has an obligation to transfer products or services to a customer for which the Group has received consideration from the customer, or for which an amount of consideration is due from the customer. Contract liabilities are included in advances from customers and deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Changes in the Group&#8217;s contract liabilities (advances from customers and deferred revenue) are presented in the following table for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Contract liabilities as of January 1, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 60,718,426</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received in advance, excluding VAT</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,852,443,422</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (50,024,734)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (2,789,235,984)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 73,901,130</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received in advance, excluding VAT</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,118,016,702</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (62,471,630)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (2,055,218,506)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 74,227,696</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies', window );">Warranties</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(s)&#160;&#160;&#160;Warranties</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group provides for the estimated costs of warranties at the time when revenue is recognized. The specific terms and conditions of those warranties vary among different parts of electric scooters. Factors that affect the Group&#8217;s warranty obligation include product defect rates and costs of repair or replacement. These factors are estimates that may change based on new information that becomes available during the reported period. The portion of the warranty reserve expected to be incurred within the next 12 months is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities while the remaining balance is included within other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Cost of Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(t)&#160;&#160;&#160;Cost of Revenues</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues mainly consists of the cost of products sold, logistics costs, write-downs of inventories and warranty costs.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Selling and Marketing Expenses</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(u)&#160;&#160;&#160;Selling and Marketing Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses mainly consist of advertising expenses, promotion expenses and payroll and related expenses for personnel engaged in selling and marketing activities. Advertising expenses, which consist primarily of online and offline advertisements, are expensed when the services are received. The advertising expenses were RMB160,415,978, RMB191,776,905 and RMB177,824,898&#160;for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">General and Administrative Expenses</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(v)&#160;&#160;&#160;General and Administrative Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses mainly consist of allowance for doubtful accounts, payroll and related costs for employees involved in general corporate functions, professional fees, foreign currency exchange gains (losses) and other general corporate expenses, as well as expenses associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation and rental expenses.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy', window );">Research and Development Expenses</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(w)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Research and Development Expenses</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses mainly consist of payroll and related costs for employees involved in researching and developing new products and technologies, design and development expenses, and expenses associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation and rental expenses. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Government Grants</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(x)&#160;&#160;&#160;Government Grants</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions attached to it and the grant will be received. Grants that compensate the Group for expenses incurred are recognized in the Group&#8217;s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) on a systematic basis in the same periods in which the expenses are incurred. Grants that compensate the acquisition cost of an asset are recorded as a liability in the Group&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets and are recognized in the Group&#8217;s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) over the useful life of the asset. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, nil of liability was related to the government grants that compensate the acquisition cost of an asset. </span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s government grants mainly consist of certain subsidies or tax refund from local government or industrial parks where its offices locate. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, RMB48,726,818, RMB16,385,038 and RMB2,968,735 of government grants are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), respectively. There were no significant commitment, contingencies or provision for recapture conditions for the government grants received for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy', window );">Share-based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(y)&#160;&#160;&#160;Share-based Compensation</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company periodically grants share-based awards, including but not limited to, restricted share units and share options to eligible employees and directors.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Share-based awards granted to employees and directors are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards, and are recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Forfeitures are accounted when they occur.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A change in any of the terms or conditions of share-based awards is accounted for as a modification of the awards. The Group calculates incremental compensation cost of a modification as the excess of the fair value of the modified awards over the fair value of the original awards immediately before its terms are modified at the modification date. For vested awards, the Group recognizes incremental compensation cost in the period the modification occurs. For awards not being fully vested, the Group recognizes the sum of the incremental compensation cost and the remaining unrecognized compensation cost for the original awards over the remaining requisite service period after modification.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Share-based compensation in relation to the restricted share units is measured based on the fair value of the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares at the grant date of the award. The fair value is the closing prices of the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares traded in the open market as of the grant date. Share-based compensation in relation to the share options is estimated using the Binominal Option Pricing Model. The determination of the fair value of share options is affected by the share price of the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares as well as the assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, including the expected share price volatility (estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company and comparable peer public companies with a time horizon close to the expected term of the Company&#8217;s options), risk-free interest rate, exercise multiple and expected dividend yield. The fair value of these awards was determined with the assistance from a valuation report prepared by an independent valuation firm using management&#8217;s estimates and assumptions.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy', window );">Employee Benefits</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(z)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Employee Benefits</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s subsidiaries and the VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries in PRC participate in a government mandated, multiemployer, defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain retirement, medical, housing and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. PRC labor laws require the entities incorporated in China to pay to the local labor bureau a&#160;monthly contribution calculated at a stated contribution rate on the&#160;monthly basic compensation of qualified employees. The Group has no further commitments beyond its&#160;monthly contribution. Employee social benefits included as cost of revenues and expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) amounted to RMB31,122,424, RMB42,637,403 and RMB42,376,447&#160;for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(aa)&#160;Income Taxes</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Current income taxes are provided on the basis of net income (loss) for financial reporting purposes, and adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions. Deferred income taxes are provided using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax effects of temporary differences and are determined by applying enacted statutory tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse to the temporary differences between the financial statements&#8217; carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset deferred tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred income tax assets if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred income taxes arising from a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) in the period of&#160;change.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group applies a &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; recognition threshold in the evaluation of uncertain tax positions. The Group recognizes the benefit of a tax position in its consolidated financial statements if the tax position is &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; to prevail based on the facts and technical merits of the position. Tax positions that meet the &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty&#160;percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits may be affected by changes in interpretation of laws, rulings of tax authorities, tax audits, and expiry of statutory limitations. In addition, changes in facts, circumstances and new information may require the Group to adjust the recognition and measurement estimates with regard to individual tax positions. Accordingly, unrecognized tax benefits are periodically reviewed and re-assessed. Adjustments, if required, are recorded in the Group&#8217;s consolidated financial statements in the period in which the change that necessities the adjustments occur. The ultimate outcome for a particular tax position may not be determined with certainty prior to the conclusion of a tax audit and, in certain circumstances, a tax appeal or litigation process. The Group records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits (if&#160;any) in interest expenses and general and administrative expenses, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Group did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax&#160;positions. </p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Foreign currency translation and foreign currency risks</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(bb)&#160;Foreign currency translation and foreign currency risks</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s reporting currency is Renminbi (&#8220;RMB&#8221;). The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiary incorporated at Hong Kong S.A.R., the United States and Singapore is the United States dollars (&#8220;US$&#8221;). The functional currencies of the Company&#8217;s subsidiary incorporated in British Virgin Islands, Indonesia, Switzerland and Germany are Great Britain Pound (&#8220;GBP&#8221;), Indonesia Rupiah (&#8220;IDR&#8221;), Swiss Franc (&#8220;CHF&#8221;) and European Monetary Unit (&#8220;EUR&#8221;), respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The functional currency of the Company&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries is RMB.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are remeasured into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rate at the balance sheet date. The resulted exchange differences are recorded as foreign currency exchange gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries incorporated at Hong Kong S.A.R., the United States, Singapore, British Virgin Islands, Indonesia, Switzerland and Germany are translated from the functional currency into RMB. Assets and liabilities are translated into RMB using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet date. Equity accounts other than earnings generated in the current period are translated into RMB using the appropriate historical rates. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated into RMB using the average exchange rates for the relevant period. The resulted foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and the accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders&#8217; equity.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The RMB is not a freely convertible currency. The PRC State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the PRC government, controls the conversion of RMB to foreign currencies. The value of the RMB is subject to changes of central government policies and international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China foreign exchange trading system&#160;market.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk', window );">Concentration and risk</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(cc)&#160;Concentration and risk</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Concentration of customers and suppliers</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following tables summarized the customer with greater than 10% of the total revenue and accounts receivable:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:61.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Greater than 10% of the total revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;background:#ffffff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Customer A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">319,208,693</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">12%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:44.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Greater than 10% of the accounts receivable </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Customer B</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 135,105,131</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">45%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 90,892,779</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">34%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Customer C</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 32,443,005</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">12%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.47%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Greater than 10% of advances from customers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Customer D</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,787,482</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">11%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,396,333</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">12%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following tables summarized the suppliers with greater than 10% of the total purchase:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:54.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Greater than 10% of total purchase</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supplier X</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 298,264,146</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">12%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 354,956,312</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">13%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supplier Y</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 286,132,811</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">16%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">No suppliers individually represent greater than 10% of accounts payable of the Group as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.</p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="display:inline-block;width:18pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">*</span></span>The amount was less than 10% of total balance.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Concentration of credit risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash, short-term investments and accounts receivable, net.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s investment policy requires cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash and short-term investments to be placed with high-quality financial institutions and to limit the amount of credit risk from any one issuer. The Group regularly evaluates the credit standing of the counterparties or financial institutions.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group conducts credit evaluations on its customers prior to delivery of goods or services. The assessment of customer creditworthiness is primarily based on historical collection records, research of publicly available information and customer on-site visits by senior management. Based on this analysis, the Group determines what credit terms, if any, to offer to each customer individually. If the assessment indicates a likelihood of collection risk, the Company will not deliver the services or sell the products to the customer or require the customer to pay cash, post letters of credit to secure payment or to make significant down payments.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Interest rate risk</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Group&#8217;s short-term bank borrowing bears interests at fixed rates. If the Group were to renew these loans, the Group might be subject to interest rate&#160;risk.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock', window );">Earnings (Loss) per Share</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(dd)&#160;Earnings (Loss) per Share</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares or ordinary share equivalents outstanding during the year using the two-class method. Vested share options, which are exercisable for nominal consideration, and vested restricted share units are included in the calculation of the weighted-average number of shares of ordinary shares as ordinary share equivalents. Under the two-class method, any net income is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on their participating rights. A net loss is not allocated to participating securities when the participating securities does not have contractual obligation to share losses.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares used in calculating basic net earnings (loss) per ordinary share and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding share option with the exception of vested share options with nominal exercise consideration and unvested restricted share units (using the treasury stock method). Ordinary equivalent shares are calculated based on the most advantageous conversion rate or exercise price from the standpoint of the security holder. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included in the denominator of the diluted earnings (loss)per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Segment Reporting</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(ee)&#160;Segment Reporting</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The Company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. For the purpose of internal reporting and management&#8217;s operation review, the Company&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer and management personnel do not segregate the Group&#8217;s business by product. All products and services are viewed as in one and the only operating segment.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Statutory Reserves</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(ff)&#160;Statutory Reserves</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In accordance with the PRC Company Laws, the Group&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries must make appropriations from their after-tax profits as determined under the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the PRC (&#8220;PRC&#160;GAAP&#8221;) to non-distributable reserve funds including statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund. The appropriation to the statutory surplus fund must be 10% of the after-tax profits as determined under PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the statutory surplus fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of the PRC companies. Appropriation to the discretionary surplus fund is made at the discretion of the PRC&#160;companies.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">The statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund are restricted for use. They may only be applied to offset losses or increase the registered capital of the respective companies. These reserves are not allowed to be transferred to the Company by way of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor can they be distributed except for liquidation.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Group&#8217;s PRC subsidiaries made appropriations to the statutory reserves of RMB20,875,864, RMB42,654 and nil, respectively.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;">(gg)&#160;Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, it provides new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment. The guidance will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statement disclosures.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disaggregated information about the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The guidance will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statement disclosures.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for contract balances.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for convenience translation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for inclusion of significant items in the general and administrative expenses (or similar) expense report caption.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for government grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for land use right, net.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for statutory reserves.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for term deposit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for value added taxes (VAT).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for advertising cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 720<br> -SubTopic 35<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420018&amp;loc=d3e36677-107848<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for basis of accounting, or basis of presentation, used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents, including the policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Other information that may be disclosed includes (1) the nature of any restrictions on the entity's use of its cash and cash equivalents, (2) whether the entity's cash and cash equivalents are insured or expose the entity to credit risk, (3) the classification of any negative balance accounts (overdrafts), and (4) the carrying basis of cash equivalents (for example, at cost) and whether the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4273-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Entity's cash and cash equivalents accounting policy with respect to restricted balances. Restrictions may include legally restricted deposits held as compensating balances against short-term borrowing arrangements, contracts entered into with others, or company statements of intention with regard to particular deposits; however, time deposits and short-term certificates of deposit are not generally included in legally restricted deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(1)(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4273-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for commitments and contingencies, which may include policies for recognizing and measuring loss and gain contingencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126907703&amp;loc=d3e12565-110249<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 450<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6491354&amp;loc=d3e6049-115624<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for credit risk.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e5967-108592<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 825<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126941378&amp;loc=d3e61044-112788<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy regarding (1) the principles it follows in consolidating or combining the separate financial statements, including the principles followed in determining the inclusion or exclusion of subsidiaries or other entities in the consolidated or combined financial statements and (2) its treatment of interests (for example, common stock, a partnership interest or other means of exerting influence) in other entities, for example consolidation or use of the equity or cost methods of accounting. The accounting policy may also address the accounting treatment for intercompany accounts and transactions, noncontrolling interest, and the income statement treatment in consolidation for issuances of stock by a subsidiary.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126899994&amp;loc=d3e18823-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109239629&amp;loc=d3e5614-111684<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cost of product sold and service rendered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 705<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2122478<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for computing basic and diluted earnings or loss per share for each class of common stock and participating security. Addresses all significant policy factors, including any antidilutive items that have been excluded from the computation and takes into account stock dividends, splits and reverse splits that occur after the balance sheet date of the latest reporting period but before the issuance of the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3630-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets, liabilities and instruments classified in shareholders' equity. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, how an entity that manages a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of its net exposure measures the fair value of those assets and liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for (1) transactions denominated in a currency other than the reporting enterprise's functional currency, (2) translating foreign currency financial statements that are incorporated into the financial statements of the reporting enterprise by consolidation, combination, or the equity method of accounting, and (3) remeasurement of the financial statements of a foreign reporting enterprise in a hyperinflationary economy.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2175825<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for intangible assets. This accounting policy may address both intangible assets subject to amortization and those that are not. The following also may be disclosed: (1) a description of intangible assets (2) the estimated useful lives of those assets (3) the amortization method used (4) how the entity assesses and measures impairment of such assets (5) how future cash flows are estimated (6) how the fair values of such asset are determined.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16265-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for guarantees, indemnifications and product warranties, and methodologies used in determining the amount of such liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126907703&amp;loc=d3e12565-110249<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for recognizing and measuring the impairment of long-lived assets. An entity also may disclose its accounting policy for long-lived assets to be sold. This policy excludes goodwill and intangible assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109226317&amp;loc=d3e202-110218<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.CC)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27011434&amp;loc=d3e125687-122742<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e32247-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32847-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32840-109319<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL116659661-227067<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e32280-109318<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32809-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of inventory accounting policy for inventory classes, including, but not limited to, basis for determining inventory amounts, methods by which amounts are added and removed from inventory classes, loss recognition on impairment of inventories, and situations in which inventories are stated above cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116847112&amp;loc=d3e4556-108314<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2126998<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 330<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6471895&amp;loc=d3e55923-109411<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116847112&amp;loc=d3e4492-108314<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126900757&amp;loc=d3e543-108305<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126899994&amp;loc=d3e18823-107790<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6361739&amp;loc=d3e7789-107766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for investment in financial asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(3)(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for pension and other postretirement benefit plans. This accounting policy may address (1) the types of plans sponsored by the entity, and the benefits provided by each plan (2) groups that participate in (or are covered by) each plan (3) how plan assets, liabilities and expenses are measured, including the use of any actuaries and (4) significant assumptions used by the entity to value plan assets and liabilities and how such assumptions are derived.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66047640&amp;loc=d3e39622-114963<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 80<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65877416&amp;loc=d3e29149-114947<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 70<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49170846&amp;loc=d3e28014-114942<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6412939&amp;loc=d3e15145-114933<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123447040&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 958<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126982197&amp;loc=d3e99779-112916<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 958<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126982197&amp;loc=d3e99893-112916<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for costs it has incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue from contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130561-203045<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130566-203045<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130563-203045<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=49130388<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130566-203045<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130563-203045<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126899994&amp;loc=d3e18823-107790<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130566-203045<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130564-203045<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130566-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for segment reporting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8864-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8864-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9038-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8864-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8864-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8864-108599<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8864-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for award under share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, methodology and assumption used in measuring cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(ii)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(v)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2228938<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.2.Q6)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122041274&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6191-108592<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6161-108592<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6143-108592<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e5967-108592<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6061-108592<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6132-108592<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e5967-108592<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UseOfEstimates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>49
<FILENAME>R32.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492688941392">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Group's VIE information</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.01%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 493,570,803</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 620,484,535</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,229,605</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 145,000</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 160,406,301</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accounts receivable, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 298,732,239</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 91,975,054</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Inventories</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 411,954,893</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 386,966,973</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 187,576,865</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 177,957,171</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Amounts due from inter-companies</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 24,251,018</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 44,220,970</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,582,721,724</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,341,749,703</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits-non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Property, plant and equipment, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 394,621,585</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 321,213,398</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Intangible assets, net</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,317,785</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,102,870</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 86,597,121</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 76,821,285</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred income tax assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,132,499</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,747,021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other non-current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,677,414</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,720,608</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 2,097,068,128</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,768,354,885</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term bank borrowings</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 160,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100,000,000</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Notes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 316,832,113</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 167,282,688</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accounts payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 459,406,790</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 575,235,413</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Amounts due to inter-companies</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 476,120,909</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 467,282,009</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Income taxes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,501,992</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,195,114</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Advances from customers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 23,522,149</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,399,926</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred revenue&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 37,539,733</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 41,755,097</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 175,352,229</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 151,286,008</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,650,275,915</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,520,436,255</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred revenue-non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,429,500</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,168,111</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred income tax liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,398,279</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,362,494</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,569,128</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 280,421</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other non-current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,441,382</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,968,519</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,684,114,204</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,545,215,800</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:15.85pt;text-indent:-15.85pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,768,134,434</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,187,989,945</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,645,570,002</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net income (loss)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 213,848,471</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (9,347,980)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (236,441,380)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 354,675,219</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (74,417,318)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 93,727,586</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (329,808,349)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 455,930,283</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 82,502,334</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash used in financing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (20,000,000)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (60,000,000)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (422,991)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,993,970</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,599,207</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net increase in cash and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 24,443,879</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 369,506,935</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 120,829,127</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 105,849,594</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 130,293,473</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 499,800,408</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and restricted cash at the end of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 130,293,473</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 499,800,408</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 620,629,535</p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=SL6759159-111685<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5747-111685<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=SL6228884-111685<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5728-111685<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>50
<FILENAME>R33.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492689398720">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in EUR</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,986,595</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,233,516</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in RMB</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 278,917,866</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 334,796,621</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in GPB</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 244,790</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 504,471</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 220,296,524</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 499,117,291</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at mainland PRC financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 505,445,775</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 852,651,899</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the United States</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,087,973</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 691,290</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash balances held at United States financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 10,087,973</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 691,290</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the Hong Kong S.A.R.</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in HKD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 78,206</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 79,213</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,631,590</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,477,109</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash balances held at Hong Kong S.A.R. financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 14,709,796</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 11,556,322</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash balances held at financial institutions in other locations</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,453,514</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 7,203,416</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 533,697,058</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 872,102,927</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of term deposits</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in RMB</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Denominated in USD</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 208,589,770</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 77,555,565</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total term deposits held</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 228,589,770</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 97,555,565</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 208,589,770</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 97,555,565</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 534,286,849</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 872,573,460</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 186,340,321</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 107,666,733</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 720,627,170</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 980,240,193</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of estimated useful lives of property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Estimated useful lives</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Building</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">50 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Machinery and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Z7G7NzI6vEaUSjcHx9VtrQ;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">3</span></span> - 10 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Furniture</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Nc2zRlK-6EWAcMIP63pLsw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">3</span></span> - 5 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Leasehold improvements</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">The shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining lease term</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Office and electronic equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_CLqBnDxKQUCwGuCoEtTZVg;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">2</span></span> - 5 years</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Motor vehicles</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">3 - 4 years</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of changes in contract liabilities (advances from customers and deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Contract liabilities as of January 1, 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 60,718,426</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received in advance, excluding VAT</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,852,443,422</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (50,024,734)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2022</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (2,789,235,984)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 73,901,130</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash received in advance, excluding VAT</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,118,016,702</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (62,471,630)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (2,055,218,506)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 74,227,696</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock', window );">Summary of concentration of customers and suppliers</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:61.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Greater than 10% of the total revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;background:#ffffff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Customer A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">319,208,693</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">12%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:44.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Greater than 10% of the accounts receivable </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Customer B</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 135,105,131</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">45%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 90,892,779</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">34%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Customer C</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 32,443,005</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">12%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.47%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Greater than 10% of advances from customers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Customer D</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,787,482</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">11%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,396,333</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">12%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:54.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">%</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Greater than 10% of total purchase</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supplier X</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 298,264,146</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">12%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 354,956,312</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">13%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Supplier Y</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 286,132,811</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">16%</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of cash, cash equivalents and cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The tabular disclosure of term deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of receivable, contract asset, and contract liability from contract with customer. Includes, but is not limited to, change in contract asset and contract liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130551-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of cash and cash equivalents.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the nature of a concentration, a benchmark to which it is compared, and the percentage that the risk is to the benchmark.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123594938&amp;loc=d3e13537-108611<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123594938&amp;loc=d3e13531-108611<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6404-108592<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6327-108592<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6351-108592<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6442-108592<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>51
<FILENAME>R34.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492685774752">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock', window );">Schedule of short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Aggregate cost basis</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 160,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> &#8212;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Gross unrealized holding gain</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 406,301</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> &#8212;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Aggregate fair value</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 160,406,301</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> &#8212;</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of marketable securities. This may consist of investments in certain debt and equity securities, short-term investments and other assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>52
<FILENAME>R35.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492688350480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accounts receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 329,336,616</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 263,994,880</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Allowance for doubtful accounts</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (29,593,693)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (169,038,710)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accounts receivable, net</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 299,742,923</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 94,956,170</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance at the beginning of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,307,381</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,549,366</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 29,593,693</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Additions</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,272,454</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25,044,327</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 139,445,017</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Write-off</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (30,469)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 4,549,366</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 29,593,693</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 169,038,710</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of allowance for credit loss on financing receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11B<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123577603&amp;loc=SL6953423-111524<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124255953&amp;loc=SL82919249-210447<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the various types of trade accounts and notes receivable and for each the gross carrying value, allowance, and net carrying value as of the balance sheet date. Presentation is categorized by current, noncurrent and unclassified receivables.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.3,4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>53
<FILENAME>R36.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492688351280">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INVENTORIES (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract', window );"><strong>INVENTORIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of inventories</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Finished goods</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 267,036,620</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 244,373,815</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Works in progress</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 69,290</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 6,925</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Raw materials</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 149,903,238</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 148,409,401</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Inventories</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 417,009,148</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 392,790,141</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of merchandise, goods, commodities, or supplies held for future sale or to be used in manufacturing, servicing or production process.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(c))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6361739&amp;loc=d3e7789-107766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>54
<FILENAME>R37.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492688944224">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Schedule of prepayments and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-style:italic;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Deductible input VAT and VAT rebates receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 104,391,993</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 123,335,099</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayments to suppliers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 54,722,157</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 35,692,402</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Receivable from online platforms</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 11,555,500</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 12,258,397</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Deferred charge</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 14,359,452</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 11,722,400</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Interest receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,916,240</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,357,967</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Income tax receivable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 13,349,602</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,450</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Others*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 5,400,773</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 4,696,414</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Prepayments and other current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 205,695,717</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 195,072,129</b></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">*</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Others mainly include deposits receivable.</span><i style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> </i></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the amounts paid in advance for capitalized costs that will be expensed with the passage of time or the occurrence of a triggering event, and will be charged against earnings within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer; the aggregate carrying amount of current assets, not separately presented elsewhere in the balance sheet; and other deferred costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>55
<FILENAME>R38.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492687526752">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock', window );">Schedule of property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.21%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Furniture </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 380,987,667</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 375,782,740</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Machinery and equipment </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 135,365,960</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 173,869,199</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Building</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 148,449,403</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 149,465,476</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Office and electronic equipment </p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 31,868,495</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 33,252,080</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Leasehold improvement</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,778,718</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,792,479</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Motor vehicles</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,811,160</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,811,160</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Property, plant and equipment</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 711,261,403</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 746,973,134</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: Accumulated depreciation</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (313,904,608)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (423,860,768)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Property, plant and equipment, net</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 397,356,795</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 323,112,366</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of depreciation expense on property and equipment allocated to expense items</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 19,702,392</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 23,554,266</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 26,811,275</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,856,968</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,113,535</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,057,825</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 62,949,248</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 104,721,594</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 107,996,726</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,092,290</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,381,707</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,641,514</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total depreciation expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 93,600,898</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 140,771,102</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 147,507,340</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of depreciation on physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation and depletion expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated deprecation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>56
<FILENAME>R39.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492684628624">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of intangible assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:50.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amortization</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">carrying</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">carrying</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">period</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amortization</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amount</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Trademarks</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">5-10 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 8,983,153</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (8,503,451)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 479,702</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Domain name</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">5-10 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,820,913</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (3,618,766)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 202,147</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">License</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">10 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,943,396</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (767,925)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,175,471</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 14,747,462</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (12,890,142)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,857,320</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:50.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Gross</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amortization</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">carrying</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accumulated</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">carrying</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">period</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amount</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amortization</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">amount</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Trademarks</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_If5kjX9RkEWGRKn63eLGUw;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">5</span></span>-10 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,130,529</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (8,976,570)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 153,959</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Domain name</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_PCxj2VxiEECapTNsgKNneA;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">5</span></span>-10 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,826,626</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (3,655,316)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 171,310</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">License</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">10 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,943,396</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (962,264)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 981,132</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 14,900,551</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (13,594,150)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,306,401</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of amortization expenses on intangible assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Amortization expense on intangible assets was allocated to the following expense items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 194,340</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 194,340</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 194,340</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,677,810</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,745,967</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 363,079</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total amortization expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,872,150</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,940,307</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 557,419</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of amortization expense of assets, excluding financial assets, that lack physical substance, having a limited useful life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life, by either major class or business segment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16265-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>57
<FILENAME>R40.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492689508624">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock', window );">Schedule of other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayment for an investment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Deposits</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,376,350</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,728,406</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Prepayment for property, plant and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,914,411</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 2,231,253</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,392,329</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,770,719</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 12,683,090</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 6,730,378</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of noncurrent assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>58
<FILENAME>R41.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492689055728">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock', window );">Schedule of short-term bank borrowings</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Secured borrowing</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 160,000,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 100,000,000</p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of short-term debt arrangements (having initial terms of repayment within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer) including: (1) description of the short-term debt arrangement; (2) identification of the lender or type of lender; (3) repayment terms; (4) weighted average interest rate; (5) carrying amount of funds borrowed under the specified short-term debt arrangement as of the balance sheet date; (6) description of the refinancing of a short-term obligation when that obligation is excluded from current liabilities in the balance sheet; and (7) amount of a short-term obligation that has been excluded from current liabilities in the balance sheet because of a refinancing of the obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>59
<FILENAME>R42.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492685787504">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Refundable payment from franchised stores&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 41,735,515</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 39,203,959</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,506,658</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 29,159,625</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued payroll and social insurance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 28,508,469</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,566,486</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Warranty&#8212;current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 24,797,169</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,736,341</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Construction payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,512,545</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,372,306</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease liabilities&#8212;current (Note 20)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,743,648</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,094,066</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Sales rebate</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,878,273</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,975,640</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other taxes payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,813,540</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,542,993</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Interest payable</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 280,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 87,671</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Others*</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 31,317,126</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 34,772,309</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 192,092,943</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 165,511,396</b></p></td></tr></table><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"></div></div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;">*</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;">Others mainly include accrued professional fees and other general corporate expenses.</p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of movement of provision for warranty</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued warranty&#8212;beginning of year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 59,195,896</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 47,788,122</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 33,812,290</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrual for warranties issued during the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 35,181,557</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 20,355,810</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 23,248,155</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Warranty claims paid</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (22,554,689)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (23,894,070)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (30,051,582)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Pre-existing warranty expired</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (24,034,642)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (10,437,572)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,683,024)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Accrued warranty&#8212;end of year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 47,788,122</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 33,812,290</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 25,325,839</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of accrued expenses and other current liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the changes in the guarantor's aggregate product warranty liability, including the beginning balance of the aggregate product warranty liability, the aggregate reductions in that liability for payments made (in cash or in kind) under the warranty, the aggregate changes in the liability for accruals related to product warranties issued during the reporting period, the aggregate changes in the liability for accruals related to preexisting warranties (including adjustments related to changes in estimates), and the ending balance of the aggregate product warranty liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126907703&amp;loc=d3e12565-110249<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>60
<FILENAME>R43.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492685916032">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of other non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As of December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Warranty&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,015,121</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 8,589,498</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Refundable payment from franchised stores&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 1,233,466</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 379,021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,192,795</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Other non-current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 13,441,382</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 8,968,519</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of other noncurrent liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>61
<FILENAME>R44.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492687885952">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of the share options activities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">A summary of the share options activities under the Amended 2016 Plan and the 2018 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2023 was presented below:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">remaining</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Aggregate</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;exercise</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">contractual</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">intrinsic&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">price</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">years</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">value</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Outstanding at January 1, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,414,608</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2.11</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Exercised</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (464,300)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 0.20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited/Expired</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (7,250)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 0.20</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Outstanding at December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,943,058</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 2.34</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 4.56</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,190,466</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exercisable as of December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,943,058</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 2.34</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 4.56</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,190,466</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of the restricted share units activities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;">A summary of the restricted share units activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was presented below:</p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Weighted</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">average&#160;grant</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number&#160;of</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">date&#160;fair</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">shares</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">value</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">US$</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Unvested as of January 1, 2023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,890,658</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4.59</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Granted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 232,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2.31</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Vested</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,507,862)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4.44</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Forfeited</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (611,722)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4.30</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Unvested as of December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 2,003,074</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 4.53</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock', window );">Schedule of share-based compensation expenses recognized</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Total share-based compensation expenses recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December 31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 846,833</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,224,796</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,237,902</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,292,632</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 15,433,684</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,991,688</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 17,062,024</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 22,361,742</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 21,653,946</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,016,667</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 19,198,964</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,775,768</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total share-based compensation expense</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 47,218,156</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 58,219,186</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 47,659,304</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Share options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock', window );">Schedule of share-based compensation expenses recognized</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Compensation expenses recognized for share options for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense&#160;items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,318</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,235,102</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,936,414</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 905,764</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,018,126</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,862,189</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,191,242</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,649,255</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,008,382</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,047,542</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total share options compensation expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 12,910,801</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 10,806,985</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 6,144,548</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">No share options had been granted for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023. The total intrinsic value of share options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, were RMB77,271,754, RMB3,708,615 and RMB4,799,425, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were RMB15,732,201, RMB10,976,490 and RMB11,027,023, respectively.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember', window );">Unvested restricted share units</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock', window );">Schedule of share-based compensation expenses recognized</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Compensation expenses recognized for restricted share units for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense items:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cost of revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 838,515</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,224,796</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,237,902</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Selling and marketing expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,057,530</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,497,270</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,085,924</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,043,898</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 18,499,553</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 19,462,704</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">General and administrative expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,367,412</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,190,582</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,728,226</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total restricted share units compensation expenses</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 34,307,355</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 47,412,201</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 41,514,756</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the changes in outstanding nonvested restricted stock shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of allocation of amount expensed and capitalized for award under share-based payment arrangement to statement of income or comprehensive income and statement of financial position. Includes, but is not limited to, corresponding line item in financial statement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure for stock option plans. Includes, but is not limited to, outstanding awards at beginning and end of year, grants, exercises, forfeitures, and weighted-average grant date fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>62
<FILENAME>R45.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691312992">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Level&#160;1</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Level&#160;2</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Level&#160;3</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fair&#160;Value</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments (Note&#160;3)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 160,406,301</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 160,406,301</p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of assets and liabilities, including [financial] instruments measured at fair value that are classified in stockholders' equity, if any, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The disclosures contemplated herein include the fair value measurements at the reporting date by the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements in their entirety fall, segregating fair value measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1), significant other observable inputs (Level 2), and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>63
<FILENAME>R46.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492781064544">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INCOME TAX (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock', window );">Components of income (loss) before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cayman</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (9,397,404)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (10,448,513)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,192,264)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Indonesia</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (881,810)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (984,230)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,268,462)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Hong Kong S.A.R.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (6,700,069)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (14,613,793)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (7,930,644)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">B.V.I.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (278,774)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (48,100)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (840,681)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">PRC, excluding Hong Kong S.A.R.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 289,836,300</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (44,894,563)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (270,748,715)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 272,857,017</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (71,219,873)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (282,028,866)</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of income tax expense (benefit)</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Current income tax expense (benefit)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 42,715,007</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (15,677,411)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 759,425</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred income tax expense (benefit)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,321,601</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (6,079,533)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (10,952,309)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 47,036,608</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (21,756,944)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (10,192,884)</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of reconciliation of statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Computed expected income tax expense (benefit)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 68,214,254</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (17,804,968)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (71,077,803)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Non-PRC entities not subject to income tax</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,244,821</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,581,327</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,820,038</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Research and development expenses bonus deduction</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (23,328,287)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (34,910,421)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (30,807,283)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Non-deductible share-based compensation expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,015,406</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 13,866,734</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 11,742,974</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other non-deductible expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 723,768</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 638,898</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,491,593</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Preferential tax rate difference</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,075,033)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,301,540</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Tax filing differences</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,682,378</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (3,770,720)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 229,108</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Change in valuation allowance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (16,515,732)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,717,239</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 67,106,949</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Actual income tax expense (benefit)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 47,036,608</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (21,756,944)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (10,192,884)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of preferential tax rates on basic earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 0.02</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.05)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of preferential tax rates on diluted earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 0.02</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.05)</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:6pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Deferred income tax assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net operating loss carry forwards</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 33,325,461</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 74,876,303</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued warranty</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,071,844</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,798,876</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Advertising expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,113,991</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Deferred revenue</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,470,357</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 8,938,710</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Allowance for doubtful accounts</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,037,684</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 41,878,340</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Lease Liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,334,705</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,099,451</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Write-downs for inventories</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 825,208</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,529,042</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Less: Valuation allowance</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (40,764,285)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (107,782,306)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total deferred income tax assets, net</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 17,300,974</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 29,452,407</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Deferred income tax liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease right of use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,334,705</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,099,451</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Short-term investments</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 60,946</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Property, plant and equipment</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,171,103</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 9,968,429</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total deferred income tax liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 12,566,754</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 11,067,880</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net deferred income tax assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 6,132,499</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 20,747,021</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net deferred income tax liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">1,398,279</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2,362,494</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock', window );">Schedule of changes in valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Balance at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 41,219,052</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 24,508,473</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 40,764,285</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Additions</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,567,822</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25,114,239</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 68,593,841</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Reduction</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (22,278,401)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (8,858,427)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1,575,820)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Balance at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">24,508,473</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 40,764,285</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 107,782,306</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to net realizable value, including identification of the deferred tax asset more likely than not will not be fully realized and the corresponding amount of the valuation allowance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>64
<FILENAME>R47.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492685782944">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">The following table sets forth the basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share computation and provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for the years presented:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.46%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.46%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Numerator:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net income (loss)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 225,820,409</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (49,462,929)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (271,835,982)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Denominator:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 153,174,715</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 154,109,051</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 154,795,461</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Weighted average number of ordinary shares equivalents outstanding</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 497,643</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,067,871</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,020,644</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Denominator for basic net income (loss) per ordinary share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 153,672,358</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 155,176,922</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 156,816,105</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Dilutive effect of outstanding share options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,366,690</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Dilutive effect of unvested restricted share units</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,421,928</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 160,460,976</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 155,176,922</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 156,816,105</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net income (loss) per ordinary share</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Basic</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1.47</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.32)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1.73)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#8212;Diluted</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1.41</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (0.32)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (1.73)</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock', window );">Schedule of antidilutive securities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;">Securities that could potentially dilute basic net income (loss) per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share because to do so would have been antidilutive for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 were as follow:</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share options</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,414,608</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,943,058</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Unvested restricted share units</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,890,658</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,003,074</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would increase EPS amounts or decrease loss per share amounts for the period presented, by antidilutive securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of an entity's basic and diluted earnings per share calculations, including a reconciliation of numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per-share computations for income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>65
<FILENAME>R48.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691260016">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of net revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:38.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:38.06%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Electric scooter sales</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,252,988,512</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,853,895,423</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,358,658,368</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accessory and spare parts sales</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 397,088,122</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 242,296,734</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 197,634,073</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Service revenues</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 54,460,785</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 72,405,177</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 95,465,205</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Revenues</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,704,537,419</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,168,597,334</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 2,651,757,646</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of the group's revenue based on geographic areas</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">PRC</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 3,158,966,932</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,583,843,616</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,247,593,239</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Europe</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 430,201,301</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 343,157,877</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 151,521,237</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Others</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 115,369,186</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 241,595,841</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 252,643,170</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Revenues</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,704,537,419</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 3,168,597,334</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 2,651,757,646</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of disaggregation of revenue into categories depicting how nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factor.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130545-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of revenue from external customers by geographic areas attributed to the entity's country of domicile and to foreign countries from which the entity derives revenue.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph a<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9038-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>66
<FILENAME>R49.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492689472032">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>OPERATING LEASES (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>OPERATING LEASES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of supplemental information related to operating leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Operating lease right-of-use assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 86,597,121</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 76,821,285</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_TiFC9rcIt06q_jde-_ll9Q;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">Operating lease liabilities&#8212;current (Note 12)</span></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,743,648</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,094,066</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Operating lease liabilities&#8212;non-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 7,569,128</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 280,421</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total operating lease liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 15,312,776</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 5,374,487</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For the Year Ended December 31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 9,569,023</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 8,046,828</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 7,711,479</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 10,201,553</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 921,405</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 3,744,607</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for prepayment for land use right</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 26,550,000</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Modification to right-of-use assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (11,469,923)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (5,217,099)</p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of maturities of lease liabilities under the group's non-cancellable operating leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Within 1 year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 5,176,941</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">After 1 year but within 2 years</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"> 284,407</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total undiscounted lease payment</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 5,461,348</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">less: Imputed interest</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"> (86,861)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Present value of lease liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 5,374,487</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of supplemental information related to operating leases.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of undiscounted cash flows of lessee's operating lease liability. Includes, but is not limited to, reconciliation of undiscounted cash flows to operating lease liability recognized in statement of financial position.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>67
<FILENAME>R50.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492802882800">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of condensed balance sheets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash and cash equivalents</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 12,375,894</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 233,958,655</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Term deposits-current</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 208,589,770</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 77,555,565</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 176,204,380</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 107,521,733</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Prepayments and other current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 12,486,238</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 12,035,145</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 409,656,282</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 431,071,098</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Non-current assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 906,298,879</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 671,329,320</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Other non-current assets</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,219</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total assets</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,315,956,380</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,102,400,418</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Current liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Amount due to subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,262,270</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,564,315</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,596,233</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,219,869</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total current liabilities and total liabilities</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 5,858,503</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 8,784,184</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Shareholders&#8217; equity:</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Class A ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 89,428</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 90,031</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Class B ordinary shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,316</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 10,316</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Additional paid-in capital</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,915,825,641</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,964,138,365</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (16,536,686)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (9,495,674)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Accumulated deficit</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (589,290,822)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (861,126,804)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,310,097,877</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,093,616,234</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Total liabilities and shareholders&#8217; equity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,315,956,380</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 1,102,400,418</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of condensed statements of results of operations</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Total operating expenses</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (11,441,931)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (15,414,575)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (17,739,201)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Share of income (loss) from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#8217;s subsidiaries</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 235,264,719</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (39,264,560)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (270,498,551)</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Interest income</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 1,997,621</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 5,216,206</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,401,770</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Income (loss) before income taxes</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 225,820,409</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (49,462,929)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (271,835,982)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Income tax expense</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> &#8212;</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net income (loss)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 225,820,409</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (49,462,929)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (271,835,982)</b></p></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of condensed statements of cash flows</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"><span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended December&#160;31,&#160;</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2021</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2022</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2023</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> </b><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">RMB</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 25,839,822</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (23,565,305)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 14,392,402</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 16,132,750</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (95,940,040)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 133,818,900</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Net cash provided by financing activities</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 6,246,384</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 2,203,086</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 654,023</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> (6,107,381)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 21,972,182</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 4,034,789</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 42,111,575</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> (95,330,077)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 152,900,114</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 241,798,776</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 283,910,351</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"> 188,580,274</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><span style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 283,910,351</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 188,580,274</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;">&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;"> 341,480,388</b></p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"><span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>srt_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of condensed balance sheet, including, but not limited to, balance sheets of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 12<br> -Paragraph (a)<br> -Subsection 04<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e24072-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>srt_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of condensed cash flow statement, including, but not limited to, cash flow statements of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 12<br> -Paragraph (a)<br> -Subsection 04<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e24072-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>srt_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of condensed income statement, including, but not limited to, income statements of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 12<br> -Paragraph (a)<br> -Subsection 04<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e24072-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>srt_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>68
<FILENAME>R51.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691466048">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Principal terms of VIE Agreements (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement', window );">Percentage of monthly net profits under Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement', window );">Maximum equity holders' interests permitted under Exclusive Option Agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement', window );">Minimum value of material assets for dispositions under Exclusive Option Agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 100,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum amount of equity interests permitted under Exclusive Option Agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum value of material assets for dispositions under Exclusive Option Agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of monthly net profits as per Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>69
<FILENAME>R52.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492687474528">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Group's VIE information (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems', window );"><strong>Group's VIE information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanks', window );">Total term deposits held</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 97,555,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 228,589,770<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">107,666,733<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">186,340,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,164,542<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent', window );">Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,406,301<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">94,956,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">299,742,923<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,374,297<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="nump">392,790,141<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">417,009,148<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">55,323,334<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepayments and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">195,072,129<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">205,695,717<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,475,335<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,760,614,198<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,012,071,029<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">247,977,323<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent', window );">Term deposits-non-current</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">323,112,366<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">397,356,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,509,425<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Intangible assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,306,401<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,857,320<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">184,003<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">76,821,285<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86,597,121<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,820,052<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet', window );">Deferred income tax assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,747,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,132,499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,922,157<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,730,378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,683,090<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">947,954<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,189,331,649<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,536,697,854<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">308,360,914<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable', window );">Short-term bank borrowings</a></td>
<td class="nump">100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,084,705<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent', window );">Notes payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">167,282,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">316,832,113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,561,274<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">575,724,288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">459,466,937<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">81,089,070<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent', window );">Income taxes payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,357,913<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,898,065<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">191,258<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent', window );">Advances from customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,304,488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,931,897<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,718,980<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Deferred revenue - current</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,755,097<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,539,733<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,881,082<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">165,511,396<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">192,092,943<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,311,795<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,070,935,870<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,192,761,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">150,838,164<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Deferred revenue-non-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,168,111<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,429,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,854,690<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet', window );">Deferred income tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,362,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,398,279<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">332,750<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">280,421<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,569,128<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,496<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,968,519<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,441,382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,263,189<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,095,715,415<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,226,599,977<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 154,328,289<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,651,757,646<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 373,492,253<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,168,597,334<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,704,537,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">(271,835,982)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(38,287,297)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49,462,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">225,820,409<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">93,735,092<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,202,312<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(121,856,343)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">334,174,702<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">216,310,708<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,466,726<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">397,891,899<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(295,058,974)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash used in financing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(59,345,977)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,358,706)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,796,914)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,246,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,913,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,255,398<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,043,572<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,490,370)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net increase in cash and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">259,613,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,565,730<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">288,282,214<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,871,742<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">720,627,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">101,498,214<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">432,344,956<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">395,473,214<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">980,240,193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 138,063,944<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">720,627,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">432,344,956<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember', window );">VIE</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems', window );"><strong>Group's VIE information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">620,484,535<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">493,570,803<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanks', window );">Total term deposits held</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">145,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,229,605<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent', window );">Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,406,301<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">91,975,054<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">298,732,239<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="nump">386,966,973<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">411,954,893<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepayments and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">177,957,171<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">187,576,865<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_InterCompanyReceivables', window );">Amounts due from inter-companies</a></td>
<td class="nump">44,220,970<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,251,018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,341,749,703<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,582,721,724<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent', window );">Term deposits-non-current</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">321,213,398<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">394,621,585<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Intangible assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,102,870<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,317,785<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">76,821,285<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86,597,121<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet', window );">Deferred income tax assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,747,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,132,499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,720,608<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,677,414<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,768,354,885<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,097,068,128<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable', window );">Short-term bank borrowings</a></td>
<td class="nump">100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent', window );">Notes payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">167,282,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">316,832,113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">575,235,413<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">459,406,790<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_InterCompanyPayables', window );">Amounts due to inter-companies</a></td>
<td class="nump">467,282,009<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">476,120,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent', window );">Income taxes payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,195,114<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,501,992<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent', window );">Advances from customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,399,926<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,522,149<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Deferred revenue - current</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,755,097<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,539,733<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">151,286,008<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">175,352,229<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,520,436,255<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,650,275,915<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Deferred revenue-non-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,168,111<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,429,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet', window );">Deferred income tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,362,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,398,279<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">280,421<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,569,128<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,968,519<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,441,382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,545,215,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,684,114,204<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,645,570,002<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,187,989,945<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,768,134,434<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">(236,441,380)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,347,980)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">213,848,471<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">93,727,586<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(74,417,318)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">354,675,219<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">82,502,334<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">455,930,283<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(329,808,349)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash used in financing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(20,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,599,207<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,993,970<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(422,991)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net increase in cash and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">120,829,127<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">369,506,935<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,443,879<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">499,800,408<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">130,293,473<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">105,849,594<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 620,629,535<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 499,800,408<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 130,293,473<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of accrued expenses and other liabilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of advances from customers. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_InterCompanyPayables">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of payables to inter companies as on balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_InterCompanyPayables</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_InterCompanyReceivables">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of receivables from inter companies as on balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_InterCompanyReceivables</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanks">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of term deposits with banks, which have original maturities of three months or less and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_TermDepositsWithBanks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of term deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than one year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124259787&amp;loc=d3e4428-111522<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124259787&amp;loc=d3e4531-111522<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of the unpaid sum of the known and estimated amounts payable to satisfy all currently due domestic and foreign income tax obligations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(15)(b)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(15)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(12))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(18))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124258926&amp;loc=SL82898722-210454<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124260329&amp;loc=d3e26626-111562<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Cash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=118262064&amp;loc=SL116631418-115840<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=118262064&amp;loc=SL116631419-115840<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Cash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123444420&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130531-203044<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130532-203044<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130532-203044<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130531-203044<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31931-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31917-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences with jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31931-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31917-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies; including, but not limited to, disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123444420&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 926<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120154696&amp;loc=d3e54445-107959<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19-26)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6904-107765<br><br>Reference 21: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.21)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22595-107794<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL124452729-227067<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22499-107794<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22663-107794<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22583-107794<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22658-107794<br><br>Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109222650&amp;loc=SL51721683-107760<br><br>Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 32: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 33: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 34: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 35: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of the portions of long-term notes payable due within one year or the operating cycle if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19,20)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.24)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124429447&amp;loc=SL124453093-239630<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9031-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9038-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130543-203045<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9054-108599<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130545-203045<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6472922&amp;loc=d3e499488-122856<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of borrowings from a bank classified as other, maturing within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.16)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>70
<FILENAME>R53.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492776167536">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Convenience translation (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>$ / &#165;</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1', window );">Convenience translation rate (in RMB/USD)</a></td>
<td class="nump">7.0999<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Foreign exchange rate used to translate amounts denominated in functional currency to reporting currency.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6897108&amp;loc=SL6897125-166521<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450520&amp;loc=d3e32618-110901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:pureItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>71
<FILENAME>R54.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492776415744">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Cash and cash equivalents (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits', window );">Original maturities of term deposit</a></td>
<td class="text">3 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks', window );">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 872,102,927<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 533,697,058<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN', window );">PRC | Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks', window );">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</a></td>
<td class="nump">852,651,899<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">505,445,775<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN', window );">PRC | Denominated in EUR | Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks', window );">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,233,516<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,986,595<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN', window );">PRC | Denominated in RMB | Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks', window );">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</a></td>
<td class="nump">334,796,621<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">278,917,866<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN', window );">PRC | Denominated in GPB | Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks', window );">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</a></td>
<td class="nump">504,471<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">244,790<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN', window );">PRC | Denominated in USD | Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks', window );">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</a></td>
<td class="nump">499,117,291<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">220,296,524<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">United States | Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks', window );">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</a></td>
<td class="nump">691,290<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,087,973<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">United States | Denominated in USD | Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks', window );">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</a></td>
<td class="nump">691,290<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,087,973<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK', window );">Hong Kong SAR | Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks', window );">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,556,322<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,709,796<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK', window );">Hong Kong SAR | Denominated in HKD | Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks', window );">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</a></td>
<td class="nump">79,213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,206<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK', window );">Hong Kong SAR | Denominated in USD | Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks', window );">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,477,109<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,631,590<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=niu_OtherCountriesMember', window );">Others | Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks', window );">Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 7,203,416<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,453,514<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For banks and other depository institutions (including Federal Reserve Banks, if applicable): Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions for relatively short periods of time including, for example, certificates of deposits, which are presented separately from cash on the balance sheet.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970686&amp;loc=d3e59706-112781<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period of time between issuance and maturity of customer deposits, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Industry Guide<br> -Number 3<br> -Section V<br> -Paragraph D-E<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_EUR">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_EUR</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_CNY">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_CNY</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_GBP">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_GBP</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_USD">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_USD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_HKD">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_HKD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=niu_OtherCountriesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=niu_OtherCountriesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>72
<FILENAME>R55.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492688811328">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Term Deposits (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanks', window );">Total term deposits held</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 97,555,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 228,589,770<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent', window );">Term deposits-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">97,555,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,740,414<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">208,589,770<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent', window );">Term deposits-non-current</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_CNY', window );">Denominated in RMB</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanks', window );">Total term deposits held</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_USD', window );">Denominated in USD</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanks', window );">Total term deposits held</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 77,555,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 208,589,770<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanks">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of term deposits with banks, which have original maturities of three months or less and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_TermDepositsWithBanks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of term deposits placed with bank with original maturities of less than or equal to one year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of term deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than one year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_CNY">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_CNY</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_USD">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CurrencyAxis=currency_USD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>73
<FILENAME>R56.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492690416512">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Restricted cash (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2020 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 872,573,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 122,899,401<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 534,286,849<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">107,666,733<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,164,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">186,340,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 980,240,193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 138,063,944<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 720,627,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 101,498,214<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 432,344,956<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 395,473,214<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>74
<FILENAME>R57.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492688755568">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Short-term investments (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments', window );">Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 420,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 59,155,763<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 2,593,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 6,032,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Changes in fair value of investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,426,370<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 10,917,736<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 21,167,575<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember', window );">Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Changes in fair value of investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,426,370<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27405-111563<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7(c),9(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for securities or other assets acquired, which qualify for treatment as an investing activity and are to be liquidated, if necessary, within the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the short-term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>75
<FILENAME>R58.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492781117120">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Property, plant and equipment, net (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingMember', window );">Building</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">50 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember', window );">Machinery and equipment | Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember', window );">Machinery and equipment | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember', window );">Furniture | Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember', window );">Furniture | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office and electronic equipment | Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office and electronic equipment | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_VehiclesMember', window );">Motor vehicles | Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_VehiclesMember', window );">Motor vehicles | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">4 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Useful life of long lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Examples include, but not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_VehiclesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_VehiclesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>76
<FILENAME>R59.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691272256">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Leases, Impairment of Long-lived Assets (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life of land use right, net</a></td>
<td class="text">50 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract', window );"><strong>Impairment of Long-lived Assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived', window );">Impairment of long-lived assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Estimated useful life of land use right, net, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of impairment loss recognized in the period resulting from the write-down of the carrying amount of a finite-lived intangible asset to fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16373-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>77
<FILENAME>R60.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692707632">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Value added taxes, Revenue recognition (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue recognition</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 2,081,010,633<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 293,104,217<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 2,498,916,443<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 2,891,758,188<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations</a></td>
<td class="nump">74,227,696<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2024-01-01', window );">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue recognition</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 61,059,585<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Period over which remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">12 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2025-01-01', window );">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue recognition</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 13,168,111<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember', window );">Shipping costs incurred</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue recognition</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 52,541,201<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 101,970,407<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 49,456,660<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ProductMember', window );">Revenues from sales of products</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract', window );"><strong>Value added taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent', window );">VAT rate (in percentage)</a></td>
<td class="nump">13.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ServiceMember', window );">Revenues from sales of services</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract', window );"><strong>Value added taxes</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent', window );">VAT rate (in percentage)</a></td>
<td class="nump">6.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue recognition</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm', window );">Return and refund policy term (in days)</a></td>
<td class="text">7 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod', window );">Free service period</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue recognition</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Period over which remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">12 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue recognition</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm', window );">Return and refund policy term (in days)</a></td>
<td class="text">30 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">30 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod', window );">Free service period</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue recognition</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Period over which remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">36 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Free service period for mobile application services to customers, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Return-and-refund policy period in days for customers customers who purchase products online, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of tax rate applicable to revenue from sales of products.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligation that has not been recognized as revenue.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130556-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period in which remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130556-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2024-01-01">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2024-01-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2025-01-01">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2025-01-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ProductMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ProductMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ServiceMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ServiceMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>78
<FILENAME>R61.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492689392208">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Contract Balances (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in the Group's contract liabilities (advances from customers and deferred revenue)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Contract liabilities, beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 73,901,130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 60,718,426<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat', window );">Cash received in advance, excluding VAT</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,118,016,702<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,852,443,422<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance', window );">Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(62,471,630)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(50,024,734)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized', window );">Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during current year</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,055,218,506)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,789,235,984)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Contract liabilities, ending balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 74,227,696<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 73,901,130<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of cash received in advance, net of VAT.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130531-203044<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130532-203044<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized that was previously included in balance of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration from customer has been received or is due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>79
<FILENAME>R62.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691284336">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Selling and Marketing Expenses, Government Grants, Employee Benefits (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense', window );">Advertising expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 177,824,898<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 191,776,905<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,415,978<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized', window );">Government grants</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,968,735<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,385,038<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,726,818<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized', window );">Employee social benefits included as expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 42,376,447<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 42,637,403<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 31,122,424<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of subsidies received by the entity from the government under terms of a grant program.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount charged to advertising expense for the period, which are expenses incurred with the objective of increasing revenue for a specified brand, product or product line.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 720<br> -SubTopic 35<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420018&amp;loc=d3e36677-107848<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost for defined contribution plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 70<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49170846&amp;loc=d3e28014-114942<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>80
<FILENAME>R63.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692278944">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Concentration and risk (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems', window );"><strong>Concentration and risk</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 2,651,757,646<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 373,492,253<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,168,597,334<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,704,537,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">94,956,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">299,742,923<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,374,297<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent', window );">Advances from customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,304,488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,931,897<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,718,980<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember', window );">Total purchases | Suppliers risk | Supplier X</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems', window );"><strong>Concentration and risk</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold', window );">Purchases from suppliers</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 354,956,312<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 298,264,146<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember', window );">Total purchases | Suppliers risk | Supplier Y</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems', window );"><strong>Concentration and risk</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold', window );">Purchases from suppliers</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 286,132,811<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="nump">16.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue | Customer risk | Customer A</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems', window );"><strong>Concentration and risk</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 319,208,693<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember', window );">Accounts receivable | Customer risk | Customer B</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems', window );"><strong>Concentration and risk</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 90,892,779<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 135,105,131<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="nump">34.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember', window );">Accounts receivable | Customer risk | Customer C</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems', window );"><strong>Concentration and risk</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 32,443,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=niu_CustomerAdvancesMember', window );">Advances from customers | Customer risk | Customer D</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems', window );"><strong>Concentration and risk</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent', window );">Advances from customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 2,396,333<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 2,787,482<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of advances from customers. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124259787&amp;loc=d3e4428-111522<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124259787&amp;loc=d3e4531-111522<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For an entity that discloses a concentration risk in relation to quantitative amount, which serves as the "benchmark" (or denominator) in the equation, this concept represents the concentration percentage derived from the division.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9054-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6351-108592<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123594938&amp;loc=d3e13531-108611<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123594938&amp;loc=d3e13537-108611<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6404-108592<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs related to goods produced and sold and services rendered by an entity during the reporting period. This excludes costs incurred during the reporting period related to financial services rendered and other revenue generating activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6472922&amp;loc=d3e499488-122856<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2(a),(d))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9031-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9038-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130543-203045<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9054-108599<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130545-203045<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6472922&amp;loc=d3e499488-122856<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis=niu_SupplierXMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis=niu_SupplierXMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis=niu_SupplierYMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis=niu_SupplierYMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=niu_CustomerMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=niu_CustomerMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=niu_CustomerBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=niu_CustomerBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=niu_CustomerCMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=niu_CustomerCMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=niu_CustomerAdvancesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=niu_CustomerAdvancesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=niu_CustomerDMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=niu_CustomerDMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>81
<FILENAME>R64.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492685909104">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Segment Reporting (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>segment</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments', window );">Number of operating segment</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of operating segments. An operating segment is a component of an enterprise: (a) that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses (including revenues and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same enterprise), (b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise's chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and (c) for which discrete financial information is available. An operating segment may engage in business activities for which it has yet to earn revenues, for example, start-up operations may be operating segments before earning revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8672-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>82
<FILENAME>R65.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492781044496">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Statutory Reserves (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax', window );">Percentage of after tax profit, transferred annually by PRC subsidiaries to statutory surplus fund</a></td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital', window );">Maximum percentage criteria for appropriation of after-tax profit of PRC subsidiaries to statutory surplus fund (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves', window );">Appropriations to statutory reserves</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 42,654<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 20,875,864<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of after tax profits appropriated to statutory surplus fund annually.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount appropriated to statutory reserves.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the maximum percentage criteria expressed as a percentage of registered capital for the transfer of after-tax profit by subsidiaries in China to a statutory surplus fund. If the reserve fund exceeds the specified threshold of the registered capital, further appropriation is not required.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>83
<FILENAME>R66.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492690780288">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Aggregate cost basis</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Gross unrealized holding gain</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">406,301<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent', window );">Aggregate fair value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,406,301<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Gross unrealized holding losses</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of unrealized gain in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amortized cost of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124258926&amp;loc=SL82898722-210454<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124258926&amp;loc=SL82898722-210454<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124260329&amp;loc=d3e26626-111562<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>84
<FILENAME>R67.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691993056">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Summary (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2020 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 263,994,880<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 329,336,616<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts</a></td>
<td class="num">(169,038,710)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(29,593,693)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (4,549,366)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (3,307,381)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 94,956,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,374,297<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 299,742,923<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124259787&amp;loc=d3e4428-111522<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124259787&amp;loc=d3e4531-111522<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124259787&amp;loc=d3e4428-111522<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124259787&amp;loc=d3e4531-111522<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123577603&amp;loc=d3e5074-111524<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124255206&amp;loc=SL82895884-210446<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>85
<FILENAME>R68.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492690781216">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward', window );"><strong>Summary of movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent', window );">Balance at the beginning of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 29,593,693<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 4,549,366<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,307,381<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts', window );">Additions</a></td>
<td class="nump">139,445,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,044,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,272,454<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs', window );">Write-off</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(30,469)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent', window );">Balance at the end of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 169,038,710<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 29,593,693<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 4,549,366<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123577603&amp;loc=d3e5074-111524<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124255206&amp;loc=SL82895884-210446<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of direct write-downs of accounts receivable charged against the allowance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124255953&amp;loc=SL82919249-210447<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (reversal of expense) for expected credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124255953&amp;loc=SL82919249-210447<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>86
<FILENAME>R69.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492688806480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INVENTORIES (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract', window );"><strong>INVENTORIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods', window );">Finished goods</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 244,373,815<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 267,036,620<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess', window );">Works in progress</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,925<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,290<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies', window );">Raw materials</a></td>
<td class="nump">148,409,401<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">149,903,238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="nump">392,790,141<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">417,009,148<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 55,323,334<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown', window );">Write-down of inventories (Note 5)</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 21,681,652<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,053,797<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 8,991,793<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,679,669<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before valuation and LIFO reserves of completed merchandise or goods expected to be sold within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(a)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross amount of unprocessed materials to be used in manufacturing or production process and supplies that will be consumed.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before valuation and LIFO reserves of merchandise or goods in the production process expected to be completed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(a)(3))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of loss from reductions in inventory due to subsequent measurement adjustments, including, but not limited to, physical deterioration, obsolescence, or changes in price levels.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116847112&amp;loc=d3e4542-108314<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>87
<FILENAME>R70.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492690366704">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes', window );">Deductible input VAT and VAT rebates receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 123,335,099<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 104,391,993<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Supplies', window );">Advances to suppliers</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,692,402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54,722,157<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables', window );">Receivable from online platforms</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,258,397<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,555,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent', window );">Deferred charge</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,722,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,359,452<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent', window );">Interest receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,357,967<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,916,240<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable', window );">Income tax receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,349,602<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Others</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,696,414<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,400,773<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepayments and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 195,072,129<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27,475,335<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 205,695,717<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying amount of deferred costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount due within one year of the balance sheet date (or one operating cycle, if longer) from tax authorities as of the balance sheet date representing refunds of overpayments or recoveries based on agreed-upon resolutions of disputes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.5(c))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.10)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of current interest earned but not received. Also called accrued interest or accrued interest receivable. For classified balance sheets, represents the current amount receivable, that is amounts expected to be collected within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount due from parties in nontrade transactions, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivables</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for income and other taxes that provide economic benefits within a future period of one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6387103&amp;loc=d3e6435-108320<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)(4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126905020&amp;loc=d3e5879-108316<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Supplies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of consideration paid in advance for supplies that provide economic benefits within a future period of one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126905020&amp;loc=d3e5879-108316<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)(7)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6387103&amp;loc=d3e6435-108320<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Supplies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>88
<FILENAME>R71.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492780887424">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Summary (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property, plant and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 746,973,134<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 711,261,403<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Less: Accumulated depreciation</a></td>
<td class="num">(423,860,768)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(313,904,608)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">323,112,366<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 45,509,425<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">397,356,795<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember', window );">Furniture</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property, plant and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">375,782,740<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">380,987,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember', window );">Machinery and equipment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property, plant and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">173,869,199<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">135,365,960<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingMember', window );">Building</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property, plant and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">149,465,476<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">148,449,403<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office and electronic equipment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property, plant and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">33,252,080<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,868,495<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember', window );">Leasehold improvement</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property, plant and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,792,479<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,778,718<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_VehiclesMember', window );">Motor vehicles</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property, plant and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,811,160<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,811,160<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124429447&amp;loc=SL124453093-239630<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_VehiclesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_VehiclesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>89
<FILENAME>R72.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692156480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Depreciation expense (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 147,507,340<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 140,771,102<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 93,600,898<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember', window );">Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,811,275<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,554,266<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,702,392<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember', window );">General and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,057,825<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,113,535<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,856,968<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember', window );">Selling and marketing expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">107,996,726<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">104,721,594<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">62,949,248<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,641,514<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 4,381,707<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,092,290<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>90
<FILENAME>R73.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691775760">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Summary (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Gross carrying amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 14,900,551<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 14,747,462<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(13,594,150)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(12,890,142)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Net carrying amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,306,401<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,857,320<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 184,003<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TrademarksMember', window );">Trademarks</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Gross carrying amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,130,529<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,983,153<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(8,976,570)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,503,451)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Net carrying amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 153,959<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 479,702<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TrademarksMember', window );">Trademarks | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife', window );">Intangible assets, amortization period</a></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TrademarksMember', window );">Trademarks | Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife', window );">Intangible assets, amortization period</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember', window );">Domain name</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Gross carrying amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,826,626<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,820,913<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,655,316)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,618,766)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Net carrying amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 171,310<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 202,147<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember', window );">Domain name | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife', window );">Intangible assets, amortization period</a></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember', window );">Domain name | Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife', window );">Intangible assets, amortization period</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember', window );">License</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife', window );">Intangible assets, amortization period</a></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Gross carrying amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,943,396<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,943,396<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(962,264)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(767,925)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Net carrying amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 981,132<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,175,471<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Useful life of finite-lived intangible assets, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated amount of amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(16))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 928<br> -SubTopic 340<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6473545&amp;loc=d3e61844-108004<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 926<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120154696&amp;loc=d3e54445-107959<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TrademarksMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TrademarksMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>91
<FILENAME>R74.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492781029904">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Amortization expense on intangible assets (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets', window );">Total amortization expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 557,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,940,307<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,872,150<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Estimated future amortization expense</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths', window );">Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">264,453<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo', window );">Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2024</a></td>
<td class="nump">264,453<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree', window );">Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2025</a></td>
<td class="nump">250,275<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour', window );">Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2026</a></td>
<td class="nump">248,986<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive', window );">Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2027</a></td>
<td class="nump">248,986<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember', window );">Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets', window );">Total amortization expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">194,340<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">194,340<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">194,340<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember', window );">General and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets', window );">Total amortization expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 363,079<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,745,967<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,677,810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate expense charged against earnings to allocate the cost of intangible assets (nonphysical assets not used in production) in a systematic and rational manner to the periods expected to benefit from such assets. As a noncash expense, this element is added back to net income when calculating cash provided by or used in operations using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6388964&amp;loc=d3e16225-109274<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>92
<FILENAME>R75.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492781238640">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity', window );">Prepayment for an investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 7,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SecurityDeposit', window );">Deposits</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 2,728,406<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,376,350<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Prepayment for property, plant and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,231,253<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,914,411<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent', window );">Others</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,770,719<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,392,329<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 6,730,378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 947,954<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 12,683,090<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of amounts paid in advance for investments in equity investees be classified as investments  in periods after one year or beyond the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of amounts paid in advance for property, plant and equipment to be classified as such in periods after one year or beyond the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other miscellaneous assets expected to be realized or consumed after one year or normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SecurityDeposit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of an asset, typically cash, provided to a counterparty to provide certain assurance of performance by the entity pursuant to the terms of a written or oral agreement, such as a lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SecurityDeposit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>93
<FILENAME>R76.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492687207024">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="12">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 30, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 30, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 30, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 30, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 186,340,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 107,666,733<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 186,340,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,164,542<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate', window );">Weighted average interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.20%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt', window );">Drawdowns repaid</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,535,528<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 360,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 340,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember', window );">Two-year secured loan facility</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Debt term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit', window );">Withdrawal amount under facility agreement</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod', window );">Percentage of interest bearded under facility agreement</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit', window );">Repayment of loan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 120,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 40,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities', window );">Collateral deposits</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 176,204,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">176,204,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent', window );">Outstanding amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember', window );">Two-year secured loan facility | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Maximum credit facility amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember', window );">Twelve months secured loan facility</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Debt term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">12 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit', window );">Withdrawal amount under facility agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 58,619,195<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 41,380,805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod', window );">Percentage of interest bearded under facility agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities', window );">Collateral deposits</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">107,521,732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent', window );">Outstanding amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember', window );">Twelve months secured loan facility | Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Maximum credit facility amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember', window );">Short term bank borrowings</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount', window );">Unused secured loan facility amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember', window );">Secured borrowings</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Short-term bank borrowings</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember', window );">Commercial bank</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Short-term bank borrowings</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Debt term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">12 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage', window );">Interest rate (in percent)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of cash collateral held for borrowed securities, for which the cash is restricted as to withdrawal or usage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.(a),2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Contractual interest rate for funds borrowed, under the debt agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123466505&amp;loc=SL123495323-112611<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22(a)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period of time between issuance and maturity of debt instrument, in PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unused borrowing capacity under the long-term financing arrangement that is available to the entity as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The effective interest rate during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit facility without consideration of any current restrictions on the amount that could be borrowed or the amounts currently outstanding under the facility.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the current portion of long-term obligations drawn from a line of credit, which is a bank's commitment to make loans up to a specific amount. Examples of items that might be included in the application of this element may consist of letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and revolving credit arrangements, under which borrowings can be made up to a maximum amount as of any point in time conditional on satisfaction of specified terms before, as of and after the date of drawdowns on the line. Includes short-term obligations that would normally be classified as current liabilities but for which (a) postbalance sheet date issuance of a long term obligation to refinance the short term obligation on a long term basis, or (b) the enterprise has entered into a financing agreement that clearly permits the enterprise to refinance the short-term obligation on a long term basis and the following conditions are met (1) the agreement does not expire within 1 year and is not cancelable by the lender except for violation of an objectively determinable provision, (2) no violation exists at the BS date, and (3) the lender has entered into the financing agreement is expected to be financially capable of honoring the agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(13))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from contractual arrangement with the lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to settle a bank borrowing during the year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for payment of an obligation from a lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reflects the total carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of debt having initial terms less than one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(13))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average interest rate of short-term debt outstanding calculated at point in time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>94
<FILENAME>R77.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691710496">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>NOTES PAYABLE (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>May 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember', window );">Commercial bank</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>NOTES PAYABLE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Debt term</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">12 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember', window );">Notes Payable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>NOTES PAYABLE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount', window );">Unused secured loan facility amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 132,717,312<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 183,167,887<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember', window );">Notes Payable | Commercial bank</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>NOTES PAYABLE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Maximum credit facility amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 300,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 200,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period of time between issuance and maturity of debt instrument, in PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unused borrowing capacity under the long-term financing arrangement that is available to the entity as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit facility without consideration of any current restrictions on the amount that could be borrowed or the amounts currently outstanding under the facility.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>95
<FILENAME>R78.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692537296">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Summary (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent', window );">Refundable payment from franchised stores-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 39,203,959<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 41,735,515<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent', window );">Accrued selling and marketing expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">29,159,625<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,506,658<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued payroll and social insurance</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,566,486<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,508,469<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent', window );">Warranty-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,736,341<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,797,169<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent', window );">Construction payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,372,306<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,512,545<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities-current (Note 12)</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,094,066<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,743,648<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent', window );">Sales rebate</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,975,640<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,878,273<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent', window );">Other taxes payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,542,993<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,813,540<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent', window );">Interest payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">87,671<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">280,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther', window );">Others</a></td>
<td class="nump">34,772,309<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,317,126<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 165,511,396<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 23,311,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 192,092,943<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of accrued expenses and other liabilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for professional fees and marketing expenses and others. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for customer refundable (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for sales rebate. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for real and property taxes. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 720<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6419918&amp;loc=d3e35281-107843<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for the marketing, trade and selling of the entity's goods and services. Marketing costs would include expenditures for planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services; costs of public relations and corporate promotions; and obligations incurred and payable for sales discounts, rebates, price protection programs, etc. offered to customers and under government programs. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for the acquisition of merchandise, materials, supplies and services pertaining to construction projects such as a housing development or factory expansion not classified as trade payables. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for obligations related to services received from employees, such as accrued salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes and fringe benefits. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of [accrued] interest payable on all forms of debt, including trade payables, that has been incurred and is unpaid. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for estimated claims under standard and extended warranty protection rights granted to customers. For classified balance sheets, represents the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126907703&amp;loc=d3e12524-110249<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126907644&amp;loc=d3e11281-110244<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>96
<FILENAME>R79.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492776169648">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Warranty terms (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>km</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember', window );">Lithium-ion battery packs, model 1</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm', window );">Warranty term</a></td>
<td class="text">24 months<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty', window );">Kilometers covered under warranty</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember', window );">Lithium-ion battery packs, model 2</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm', window );">Warranty term</a></td>
<td class="text">36 months<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty', window );">Kilometers covered under warranty</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm', window );">Warranty term</a></td>
<td class="text">6 months<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum | Smart electric-scooters</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm', window );">Warranty term</a></td>
<td class="text">6 months<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum | Key components of electric scooters</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm', window );">Warranty term</a></td>
<td class="text">12 months<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm', window );">Warranty term</a></td>
<td class="text">36 months<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum | Smart electric-scooters</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm', window );">Warranty term</a></td>
<td class="text">36 months<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum | Key components of electric scooters</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm', window );">Warranty term</a></td>
<td class="text">24 months<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Kilometer covered under the product liability warranty.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:lengthItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Product warranty period, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_SmartElectricScootersMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_SmartElectricScootersMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>97
<FILENAME>R80.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691448512">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Movement of provision (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward', window );"><strong>Movement of provision</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual', window );">Accrued warranty-beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 33,812,290<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 47,788,122<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 59,195,896<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued', window );">Accrual for warranties issued during the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,248,155<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,355,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,181,557<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments', window );">Warranty claims paid</a></td>
<td class="num">(30,051,582)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(23,894,070)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(22,554,689)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration', window );">Pre-existing warranty expired</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,683,024)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10,437,572)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(24,034,642)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual', window );">Accrued warranty-end of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 25,325,839<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 33,812,290<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 47,788,122<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease in the standard product warranty accrual from expiration under the terms of the standard product warranty. Excludes extended product warranties.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount as of the balance sheet date of the aggregate standard product warranty liability. Does not include the balance for the extended product warranty liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1),(c)(5)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126907703&amp;loc=d3e12565-110249<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease in the standard product warranty accrual from payments made in cash or in kind to satisfy claims under the terms of the standard product warranty. Excludes extended product warranties.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph ((c)(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126907703&amp;loc=d3e12565-110249<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in the standard product warranty accrual from warranties issued. Excludes extended product warranties.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph ((c)(3))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126907703&amp;loc=d3e12565-110249<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>98
<FILENAME>R81.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691196592">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent', window );">Warranty-non-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 8,589,498<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 9,015,121<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent', window );">Refundable payment from franchised stores-non-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">379,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,233,466<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Others</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,192,795<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 8,968,519<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,263,189<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 13,441,382<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount of refundable payment from franchised stores, which is expected to be paid after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.24)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Obligations not otherwise itemized or categorized in the footnotes to the financial statements that are expected to be paid after one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer), from the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(15))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(15))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(24))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and due after one year (or beyond the operating cycle if longer) for estimated claims under standard and extended warranty protection rights granted to customers.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.24)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>99
<FILENAME>R82.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492695097024">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>ORDINARY SHARE (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>May 17, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>ORDINARY SHARE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AuthorizedShareCapital', window );">Authorized share capital</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,000,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>ORDINARY SHARE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,900,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,900,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">138,575,010<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,719,542<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>ORDINARY SHARE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1', window );">Shares converted to Class A ordinary shares (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,440,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,542,020<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,542,020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=niu_CommonClassOtherMember', window );">Other classes, Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>ORDINARY SHARE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AuthorizedShareCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of authorized common stock value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AuthorizedShareCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares converted in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4313-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=niu_CommonClassOtherMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=niu_CommonClassOtherMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>100
<FILENAME>R83.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492689810720">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 30, 2018 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2018 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>installment </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Share options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Unrecognized compensation expense | &#165;</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember', window );">Unvested restricted share units</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Unrecognized compensation expense | &#165;</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 48,330,116<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1', window );">Unrecognized compensation expense, recognition period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year 11 months 1 day<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Number of awards granted (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">232,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards', window );">Number of equal installments in which the awards will vest | installment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember', window );">Unvested restricted share units | Tranche One</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Number of awards granted (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">128,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards', window );">Number of equal installments in which the awards will vest | installment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember', window );">Unvested restricted share units | Tranche Two</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards', window );">Number of equal installments in which the awards will vest | installment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember', window );">Amended 2016 Plan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized', window );">Maximum aggregate shares that may be issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,861,480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod', window );">Expiration period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member', window );">2018 Share Incentive Plan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized', window );">Maximum aggregate shares that may be issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,733,703<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum', window );">Maximum percentage of total ordinary shares issued and outstanding that may be issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.50%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized', window );">Maximum aggregate shares that may be issued, annual increase</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,313,923<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,305,212<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,285,407<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember', window );">Arrangement with grantees | Unvested restricted share units</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Number of awards granted (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">232,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember', window );">Amended 2016 Plan and 2018 Plan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Granted (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue', window );">Total intrinsic value of share options exercised | &#165;</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 4,799,425<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,708,615<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 77,271,754<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1', window );">Total fair value of shares vested | &#165;</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 11,027,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 10,976,490<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 15,732,201<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of equal installments in which the awards can be granted under the share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost not yet recognized for nonvested award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted-average period over which cost not yet recognized is expected to be recognized for award under share-based payment arrangement, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of additional shares authorized for issuance under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares authorized for issuance under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated difference between fair value of underlying shares on dates of exercise and exercise price on options exercised (or share units converted) into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum number of shares that may be issued in accordance with the plan as a proportion of outstanding capital stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period from grant date that an equity-based award expires, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of options vested. Excludes equity instruments other than options, for example, but not limited to, share units, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>101
<FILENAME>R84.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492695100288">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Share option activities (Details) - Amended 2016 Plan and 2018 Plan - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward', window );"><strong>Number of share</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Outstanding, at beginning of period (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,414,608<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Granted (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercised (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="num">(464,300)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod', window );">Forfeited/Expired (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,250)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Outstanding, at end of period (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,943,058<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,414,608<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber', window );">Exercisable, at end of period (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,943,058<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward', window );"><strong>Weighted average exercise price</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Outstanding, at beginning of period (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Exercised (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Forfeited/Expired (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Outstanding, at end of period (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.34<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Exercisable, at end of period (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.34<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Additional disclosures</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Weighted remaining contractual years, Outstanding at end of period</a></td>
<td class="text">4 years 6 months 21 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1', window );">Weighted remaining contractual years, Exercisable at end of period</a></td>
<td class="text">4 years 6 months 21 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate intrinsic value, Outstanding at end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,190,466<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1', window );">Aggregate intrinsic value, Exercisable at end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,190,466<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares into which fully or partially vested stock options outstanding as of the balance sheet date can be currently converted under the option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted-average price as of the balance sheet date at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance on vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For presentations that combine terminations, the number of shares under options that were cancelled during the reporting period as a result of occurrence of a terminating event specified in contractual agreements pertaining to the stock option plan or that expired.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price of options that were either forfeited or expired.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which the current fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which option holders acquired shares when converting their stock options into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of difference between fair value of the underlying shares reserved for issuance and exercise price of vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable or convertible, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>102
<FILENAME>R85.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692874736">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Restricted share units activities (Details) - Unvested restricted share units<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward', window );"><strong>Number of shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Unvested balance at beginning of period (in shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,890,658<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Granted (in shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">232,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Vested (in shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,507,862)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod', window );">Forfeited (in shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="num">(611,722)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Unvested balance at end of period (in shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,003,074<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward', window );"><strong>Weighted average grant date fair value</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Unvested balance at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.59<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">4.44<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">4.30<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Unvested balance at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.53<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that were forfeited during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(03)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average fair value as of the grant date of equity-based award plans other than stock (unit) option plans that were not exercised or put into effect as a result of the occurrence of a terminating event.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(03)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value at grant date for nonvested equity-based awards issued during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of non-vested equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that validly exist and are outstanding as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(ii)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or unit weighted-average fair value of nonvested award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes share and unit options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(ii)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that vested during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(02)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value as of grant date pertaining to an equity-based award plan other than a stock (or unit) option plan for which the grantee gained the right during the reporting period, by satisfying service and performance requirements, to receive or retain shares or units, other instruments, or cash in accordance with the terms of the arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(02)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>103
<FILENAME>R86.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492776105760">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Compensation costs (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 47,659,304<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 58,219,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 47,218,156<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember', window );">Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,237,902<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,224,796<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">846,833<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember', window );">Selling and marketing expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,991,688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,433,684<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,292,632<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,653,946<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,361,742<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,062,024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember', window );">General and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,775,768<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,198,964<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,016,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Share options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,144,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,806,985<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,910,801<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Share options | Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,318<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Share options | Selling and marketing expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">905,764<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,936,414<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,235,102<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Share options | Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,191,242<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,862,189<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,018,126<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Share options | General and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,047,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,008,382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,649,255<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember', window );">Unvested restricted share units</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,514,756<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,412,201<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,307,355<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember', window );">Unvested restricted share units | Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,237,902<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,224,796<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">838,515<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember', window );">Unvested restricted share units | Selling and marketing expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,085,924<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,497,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,057,530<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember', window );">Unvested restricted share units | Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,462,704<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,499,553<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,043,898<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember', window );">Unvested restricted share units | General and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 11,728,226<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 14,190,582<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 9,367,412<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes amount capitalized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)(i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>104
<FILENAME>R87.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492689392080">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT - Fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Short-term investments (Note 3)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,406,301<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Liabilities at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member', window );">Level 2</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Short-term investments (Note 3)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 160,406,301<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of investment securities, including, but not limited to, marketable securities, derivative financial instruments, and investments accounted for under the equity method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of financial and nonfinancial obligations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>105
<FILENAME>R88.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492781055408">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INCOME TAX - Summary (Details) - HKD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2018</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">United States</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_ID', window );">Indonesia</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK', window );">Hong Kong SAR</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation', window );">Withholding taxes on remittance of dividends</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime', window );">Threshold profit taxed at half of the current tax rate under two-tiered profits tax rates regime</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent', window );">Tax rate at half of the current tax rate under two-tiered profits tax rates regime</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8.25%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN', window );">PRC</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN', window );">PRC | Beijing Niudian</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent', window );">Preferential tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN', window );">PRC | Forecast | Beijing Niudian</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent', window );">Preferential tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN', window );">PRC | Jiangsu Xiaoniu</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent', window );">Preferential tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of tax rate at half of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of preferential tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the profit taxed at half of the current tax rate under two-tiered profits tax rates regime.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease to equity for grantee's tax withholding obligation for award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_ID">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CounterpartyNameAxis=niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementScenarioAxis=srt_ScenarioForecastMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementScenarioAxis=srt_ScenarioForecastMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>106
<FILENAME>R89.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492787055264">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INCOME TAX - Components of income (loss) before income taxes and withholding tax on undistributed dividends (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income (loss) before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (282,028,866)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (39,722,935)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (71,219,873)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 272,857,017<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Current income tax expense (benefit)</a></td>
<td class="nump">759,425<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,677,411)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,715,007<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Deferred income tax expense (benefit)</a></td>
<td class="num">(10,952,309)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,542,600)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,079,533)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,321,601<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (10,192,884)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,435,638)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,756,944)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,036,608<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment', window );">Withholding income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate', window );">Percentage of ownership interests held by foreign investors (as a percent)</a></td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_KY', window );">Cayman</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income (loss) before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (1,192,264)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10,448,513)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,397,404)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_ID', window );">Indonesia</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income (loss) before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,268,462)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(984,230)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(881,810)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK', window );">Hong Kong SAR</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income (loss) before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,930,644)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,613,793)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,700,069)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_VG', window );">B.V.I.</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income (loss) before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">(48,100)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(278,774)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember', window );">Others</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income (loss) before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">(840,681)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember', window );">PRC, excluding Hong Kong S.A.R.</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income (loss) before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (270,748,715)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (44,894,563)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 289,836,300<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Withholding income tax rate if foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of shares of the FIE.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The minimum direct ownership percentage in the foreign invested enterprises owned by the foreign investor, determining whether the lower withholding income tax rate can be applied for dividends distributed by the foreign invested enterprise to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 940<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126941158&amp;loc=d3e41242-110953<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(8))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399901&amp;loc=d3e537907-122884<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.7)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32672-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22663-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123586238&amp;loc=d3e38679-109324<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22658-107794<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_KY">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_KY</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_ID">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_HK</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_VG">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_VG</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>107
<FILENAME>R90.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692462576">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INCOME TAX - Reconciliation of differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract', window );"><strong>Reconciliation of differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Computed expected income tax expense (benefit)</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (71,077,803)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (17,804,968)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 68,214,254<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential', window );">Non-PRC entities not subject to income tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,820,038<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,581,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,244,821<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch', window );">Research and development expenses bonus deduction</a></td>
<td class="num">(30,807,283)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(34,910,421)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(23,328,287)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost', window );">Non-deductible share-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,742,974<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,866,734<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,015,406<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther', window );">Other non-deductible expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,491,593<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">638,898<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">723,768<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference', window );">Preferential tax rate difference</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,301,540<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,075,033)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes', window );">Tax filing differences</a></td>
<td class="nump">229,108<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,770,720)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,682,378<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Change in valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="nump">67,106,949<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,717,239<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,515,732)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (10,192,884)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,435,638)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (21,756,944)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 47,036,608<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare', window );">Effect of preferential tax rates on basic earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.05)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.02<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare', window );">Effect of preferential tax rates on diluted earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.05)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.02<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of effect of preferential tax rates on basic earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of effect of preferential tax rates on diluted earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to preferential tax rate difference.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.7)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32672-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22663-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123586238&amp;loc=d3e38679-109324<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22658-107794<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to increase (decrease) in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to foreign income tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of income tax expense or benefit for the period computed by applying the domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to other nondeductible expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of reported income tax expense (benefit) in excess of (less than) expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying domestic federal statutory income tax rate to pretax income (loss) from continuing operation, attributable to nondeductible expense for award under share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, expense determined to be nondeductible upon grant or after for award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to revisions of previously reported income tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to research tax credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>108
<FILENAME>R91.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492687609200">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INCOME TAX - Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred income tax assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net operating loss carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 74,876,303<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 33,325,461<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves', window );">Accrued warranty</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,798,876<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,071,844<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense', window );">Advertising expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,113,991<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,938,710<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,470,357<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,878,340<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,037,684<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities', window );">Lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,099,451<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,334,705<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory', window );">Write-downs for inventories</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,529,042<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">825,208<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Less: Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">(107,782,306)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(40,764,285)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (24,508,473)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (41,219,052)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet', window );">Total deferred income tax assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">29,452,407<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,300,974<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred income tax liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements', window );">Operating lease right of use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,099,451<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,334,705<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments', window );">Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,946<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Property, plant and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,968,429<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,171,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities', window );">Total deferred income tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,067,880<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,566,754<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet', window );">Net deferred income tax assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,747,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,132,499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities', window );">Net deferred income tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 2,362,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,398,279<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowances, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences from advertising expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences, of lease liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary differences.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(26)(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(15)(b)(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(15)(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(26)(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from deferred income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from inventory.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary difference from allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from warranty reserves.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences without jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31931-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary differences from investments (excludes investments in subsidiaries and equity method investments).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary differences from leasing arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary differences from property, plant, and equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>109
<FILENAME>R92.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492690791712">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INCOME TAX - Operating loss carry forwards (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Operating loss carry forwards, Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 334,224,635<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne', window );">Operating loss carry forwards, 2024</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo', window );">Operating loss carry forwards, 2025</a></td>
<td class="nump">29,986,636<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree', window );">Operating loss carry forwards, 2026</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,713,526<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour', window );">Operating loss carry forwards, 2027</a></td>
<td class="nump">75,298,399<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive', window );">Operating loss carry forwards, 2028</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 207,226,074<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in fifth year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in fourth year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in first year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in third year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in second year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward, before tax effects, available to reduce future taxable income under enacted tax laws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>110
<FILENAME>R93.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492689060384">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INCOME TAX - Changes in valuation allowance (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Balance at the beginning of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 40,764,285<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 24,508,473<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 41,219,052<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount', window );">Additions</a></td>
<td class="nump">68,593,841<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,114,239<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,567,822<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount', window );">Reduction</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,575,820)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,858,427)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(22,278,401)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Balance at the end of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 107,782,306<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 40,764,285<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 24,508,473<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease in the valuation allowance for a specified deferred tax asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the valuation allowance for a specified deferred tax asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>111
<FILENAME>R94.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492690968688">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INCOME TAX - PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>INCOME TAX</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors', window );">Period of statute of limitations, if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount', window );">Period of statute of limitations, if the underpayment is more than RMB 100,000</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears', window );">Minimum amount of underpayment of taxes for statute of limitations to be extended to five years</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 100,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues', window );">Period of statute of limitations for transfer pricing issues</a></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the minimum amount of underpayment of taxes for statute of limitations to be extended to five years.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the period of statute of limitations for transfer pricing issues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the period of statute of limitations for underpayment of taxes which is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period of statute of limitations, if the underpayment is more than RMB 100,000.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>112
<FILENAME>R95.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692362400">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computation (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>&#165; / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>&#165; / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;) </div>
<div>&#165; / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract', window );"><strong>Numerator:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (271,835,982)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (38,287,297)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (49,462,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 225,820,409<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract', window );"><strong>Denominator:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic', window );">Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">154,795,461<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">154,795,461<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">154,109,051<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">153,174,715<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic', window );">Weighted average number of ordinary shares equivalents outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,020,644<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,020,644<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,067,871<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">497,643<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Denominator for basic net income (loss) per ordinary share</a></td>
<td class="nump">156,816,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">156,816,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">155,176,922<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">153,672,358<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions', window );">Dilutive effect of outstanding share options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,366,690<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits', window );">Dilutive effect of unvested restricted share units</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,421,928<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share</a></td>
<td class="nump">156,816,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">156,816,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">155,176,922<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,460,976<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract', window );"><strong>Net income (loss) per ordinary share</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">-Basic | (per share)</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (1.73)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.24)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (0.32)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1.47<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">-Diluted | (per share)</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (1.73)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.24)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (0.32)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1.41<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>n/a</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Additional shares included in the calculation of diluted EPS as a result of the potentially dilutive effect of share based payment arrangements, outstanding share options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Additional shares included in the calculation of diluted EPS as a result of the potentially dilutive effect of share based payment arrangements, unvested restricted share units.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The sum of common shares or units used in the calculation of the basic per-share or per-unit computation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (e)(4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22583-107794<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1448-109256<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22595-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1337-109256<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128363288&amp;loc=d3e4984-109258<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128363288&amp;loc=d3e3842-109258<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22644-107794<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(25))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1252-109256<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(27))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128363288&amp;loc=d3e4984-109258<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22644-107794<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128363288&amp;loc=d3e3842-109258<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1252-109256<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22595-107794<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22583-107794<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(27))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1337-109256<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (e)(4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(25))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22595-107794<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL124452729-227067<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22499-107794<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22663-107794<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22583-107794<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22658-107794<br><br>Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109222650&amp;loc=SL51721683-107760<br><br>Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 32: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 33: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 34: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 35: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1505-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This element represents the weighted average total number of shares issued throughout the period including the first (beginning balance outstanding) and last (ending balance outstanding) day of the period before considering any reductions (for instance, shares held in treasury) to arrive at the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Weighted average relates to the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares have been issued and outstanding to the total time in that period. Such concept is used in determining the weighted average number of shares outstanding for purposes of calculating earnings per share (basic).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1448-109256<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e2646-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1448-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>113
<FILENAME>R96.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492690947664">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Antidilutive securities (Details) - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Share options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Antidilutive securities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Antidilutive securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,943,058<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,414,608<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember', window );">Unvested restricted share units</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Antidilutive securities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Antidilutive securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,003,074<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,890,658<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>114
<FILENAME>R97.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492688480800">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION - Disaggregation of revenue (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 2,651,757,646<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 373,492,253<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,168,597,334<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,704,537,419<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember', window );">Electric scooter sales</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,358,658,368<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,853,895,423<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,252,988,512<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember', window );">Accessory and spare parts sales</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">197,634,073<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">242,296,734<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">397,088,122<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ServiceMember', window );">Service revenues</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 95,465,205<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 72,405,177<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 54,460,785<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9031-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9038-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130543-203045<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9054-108599<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130545-203045<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6472922&amp;loc=d3e499488-122856<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ServiceMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ServiceMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>115
<FILENAME>R98.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492688380208">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION - Revenues based on geographic areas (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 2,651,757,646<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 373,492,253<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,168,597,334<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 3,704,537,419<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN', window );">PRC</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,247,593,239<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,583,843,616<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,158,966,932<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=srt_EuropeMember', window );">Europe</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">151,521,237<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">343,157,877<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">430,201,301<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=niu_OtherCountriesMember', window );">Others</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>REVENUE INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 252,643,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 241,595,841<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 115,369,186<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9031-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9038-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130543-203045<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9054-108599<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130545-203045<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6472922&amp;loc=d3e499488-122856<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=srt_EuropeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=srt_EuropeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=niu_OtherCountriesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=niu_OtherCountriesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>116
<FILENAME>R99.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691770704">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>OPERATING LEASES - Summary (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>OPERATING LEASES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost', window );">Operating lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 7,549,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 9,352,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 11,947,682<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost', window );">Short-term lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,480,259<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 847,735<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,357,660<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts', window );">Leasing costs other than operating leases costs and short-term lease</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of Leasing Costs Other Than Operating and Short term Lease Costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of single lease cost, calculated by allocation of remaining cost of lease over remaining lease term. Includes, but is not limited to, single lease cost, after impairment of right-of-use asset, calculated by amortization of remaining right-of-use asset and accretion of lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123414884&amp;loc=SL77918982-209971<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of short-term lease cost, excluding expense for lease with term of one month or less.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123414884&amp;loc=SL77918982-209971<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>117
<FILENAME>R100.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692326160">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>OPERATING LEASES - Supplemental information related to operating leases (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>OPERATING LEASES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 76,821,285<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 86,597,121<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,820,052<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities-current (Note 12)</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 5,094,066<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 7,743,648<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList', window );">Operating lease liabilities-current, financial statement location</a></td>
<td class="text">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB175,352,229 and RMB151,286,008 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB175,352,229 and RMB151,286,008 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB175,352,229 and RMB151,286,008 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities-non-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 280,421<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 7,569,128<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 39,496<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Total operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,374,487<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,312,776<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments', window );">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,711,479<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,046,828<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 9,569,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,744,607<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 921,405<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,201,553<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_PrepaidLandUseRight', window );">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for prepayment for land use right</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,550,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities', window );">Modification to right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (5,217,099)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (11,469,923)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1', window );">Weighted average remaining lease term</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year 1 month 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year 1 month 6 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent', window );">Weighted average discount rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.92%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.92%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in modification for operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_PrepaidLandUseRight">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of amounts paid in advance for land use right which will be charged against earnings in periods after one year or beyond the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_PrepaidLandUseRight</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates line item in statement of financial position that includes current operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918631-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>enum2:enumerationSetItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow from operating lease, excluding payments to bring another asset to condition and location necessary for its intended use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918643-209977<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average discount rate for operating lease calculated at point in time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123414884&amp;loc=SL77918982-209971<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining lease term for operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123414884&amp;loc=SL77918982-209971<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123414884&amp;loc=SL77918982-209971<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>118
<FILENAME>R101.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492776192512">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>OPERATING LEASES - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details) - CNY (&#165;)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>OPERATING LEASES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths', window );">Within 1 year</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 5,176,941<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo', window );">After 1 year but within 2 years</a></td>
<td class="nump">284,407<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue', window );">Total undiscounted lease payment</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,461,348<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount', window );">less: Imputed interest</a></td>
<td class="num">(86,861)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Present value of lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 5,374,487<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 15,312,776<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments in excess of discounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>119
<FILENAME>R102.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492687087936">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Balance Sheets (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2020 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 872,573,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 122,899,401<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 534,286,849<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanks', window );">Total term deposits held</a></td>
<td class="nump">97,555,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">228,589,770<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">107,666,733<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,164,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">186,340,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepayments and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">195,072,129<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,475,335<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">205,695,717<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,760,614,198<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">247,977,323<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,012,071,029<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-current assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,730,378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">947,954<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,683,090<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,189,331,649<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">308,360,914<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,536,697,854<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">165,511,396<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,311,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">192,092,943<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,095,715,415<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">154,328,289<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,226,599,977<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,964,138,365<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">276,643,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,915,825,641<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(9,495,674)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,337,438)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,536,686)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(861,126,804)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(121,287,174)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(589,290,822)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,093,616,234<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">154,032,625<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,310,097,877<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 1,264,554,190<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 993,374,244<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,189,331,649<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">308,360,914<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,536,697,854<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">90,031<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,681<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">89,428<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,316<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,453<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,316<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_ParentCompanyMember', window );">Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">233,958,655<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,375,894<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanks', window );">Total term deposits held</a></td>
<td class="nump">77,555,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">208,589,770<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">107,521,733<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">176,204,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepayments and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,035,145<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,486,238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">431,071,098<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">409,656,282<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-current assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries', window );">Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE's subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="nump">671,329,320<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">906,298,879<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,219<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,102,400,418<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,315,956,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent', window );">Amount due to subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE's subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,564,315<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,262,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,219,869<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,596,233<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,784,184<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,858,503<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,964,138,365<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,915,825,641<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(9,495,674)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,536,686)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(861,126,804)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(589,290,822)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,093,616,234<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,310,097,877<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,102,400,418<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,315,956,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_ParentCompanyMember', window );">Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities | Class A Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">90,031<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">89,428<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_ParentCompanyMember', window );">Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities | Class B Ordinary Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 10,316<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 10,316<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of accrued expenses and other liabilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amounts due to subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities, due within 1 year (or 1 business cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of investment in and amounts due from subsidiaries, consolidated Variable Interest Entities and Variable Interest Entity's subsidiaries.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_niu_TermDepositsWithBanks">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of term deposits with banks, which have original maturities of three months or less and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">niu_TermDepositsWithBanks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>niu_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, net of tax effect, at period end. Excludes Net Income (Loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Includes foreign currency translation items, certain pension adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities, other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses related to factors other than credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities that an entity does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis, as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives related to the effective portion of a designated cash flow hedge.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e681-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of excess of issue price over par or stated value of stock and from other transaction involving stock or stockholder. Includes, but is not limited to, additional paid-in capital (APIC) for common and preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(12))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(18))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19-26)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122038336&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_ParentCompanyMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_ParentCompanyMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>120
<FILENAME>R103.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492691954672">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Statements of Results of Operations (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Condensed Statements of Results of Operations</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (891,239,250)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (125,528,423)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (775,347,876)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (609,024,771)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest', window );">Interest income</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,492,190<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,998,970<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,860,216<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,375,969<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income (loss) before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">(282,028,866)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(39,722,935)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(71,219,873)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">272,857,017<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Income tax expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(10,192,884)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,435,638)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,756,944)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,036,608<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">(271,835,982)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (38,287,297)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49,462,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">225,820,409<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_ParentCompanyMember', window );">Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Condensed Statements of Results of Operations</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(17,739,201)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,414,575)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,441,931)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax', window );">Share of income (loss) from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE's subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="num">(270,498,551)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(39,264,560)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">235,264,719<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest', window );">Interest income</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,401,770<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,216,206<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,997,621<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income (loss) before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">(271,835,982)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49,462,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">225,820,409<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">&#165; (271,835,982)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (49,462,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 225,820,409<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>srt_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 940<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126941158&amp;loc=d3e41242-110953<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(8))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399901&amp;loc=d3e537907-122884<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before tax of income (loss) of subsidiary attributable to the parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.7)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32672-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22663-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123586238&amp;loc=d3e38679-109324<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22658-107794<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accretion (amortization) of purchase discount (premium) of interest income on nonoperating securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22595-107794<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL124452729-227067<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22499-107794<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22663-107794<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22583-107794<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22658-107794<br><br>Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109222650&amp;loc=SL51721683-107760<br><br>Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 32: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 33: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 34: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 35: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_ParentCompanyMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_ParentCompanyMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>121
<FILENAME>R104.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492692421584">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed statements of cash flows (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>CNY (&#165;)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Condensed Statements of Cash Flows</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 93,735,092<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,202,312<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">&#165; (121,856,343)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 334,174,702<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">216,310,708<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,466,726<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">397,891,899<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(295,058,974)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(59,345,977)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,358,706)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,796,914)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,246,384<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,913,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,255,398<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,043,572<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,490,370)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">259,613,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,565,730<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">288,282,214<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,871,742<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">720,627,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">101,498,214<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">432,344,956<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">395,473,214<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">980,240,193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 138,063,944<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">720,627,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">432,344,956<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember', window );">Reportable Legal Entities | Parent Company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Condensed Statements of Cash Flows</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,392,402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(23,565,305)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,839,822<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">133,818,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(95,940,040)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,132,750<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">654,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,203,086<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,246,384<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,034,789<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,972,182<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,107,381)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">152,900,114<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(95,330,077)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,111,575<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">188,580,274<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">283,910,351<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">241,798,776<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year</a></td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 341,480,388<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 188,580,274<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#165; 283,910,351<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>srt_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123444420&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies; including, but not limited to, disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123444420&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_ParentCompanyMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_ParentCompanyMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EXCEL
<SEQUENCE>122
<FILENAME>Financial_Report.xlsx
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
begin 644 Financial_Report.xlsx
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M%7EP_9U-II=D/4IC*1EL2LOL=R<S',^0C[M:REW#UKO(X0SD'Q,.NZR@<:^
M0SRS]N1J<7?]EZF0H<+^7)I:Z5V#TE<#J 0+-M 92W:*A0%HJM;%9Y;]K1*W
MKQ$O,'I:[5U<H,L4;2P8W9D&&0!^Q[5""[R+*[+2")#U")(,I*QA +&M[L!S
MG:X]VL?2<E<+O(LK]./9.TUIG*Q3M4:*.&(L_LSBHA?P%*O :K7W6NWQGU0W
M,$"^5-W TS[AM4H'6M<-#'#FNH&GS<)KE0L\I6Y@0#36#3QM'][3BD9(W<"
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M+#B]#4(4L!9V.Q((.MG=+X7D2E^&02*TA#S(#)K,0H^@YK)9<)B1YL:-++"
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M3,@"H+]_RK1.K-X4C[]LGX\:_0=02P,$%     @ DC"86 !D]]CX"   (2<
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M\N<"LKE=)X8^+(,2$2@A+*_YH$1H+C'XSG*;%\N)*BL0;O';3A=!.OWV-2W
M:ZF39+VV(.Y"8 V4!51@VQ8>+*%"4,VIS2]\6*4$@R!6TC:&!RMQ@"G?S13[
MQJ"-,6AW$*=KDR75/G[.0HA#KQ6HLP(*-5$Q89O !7("VU+;ZKLX(ID6V$:.
M?1*UHA*X18OJ30- .BGK3IF%39HN##J)@6WXMP3SA#DP',H$IK8-/%C.%:5
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MDCX+:(]:/-<T!;2[*1B^,_N[Q^"G5'(5<(?\#JE[#G_*H!H*89^QCGQB"32
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M-)1(17<#93*1)@"^KX30CP.S0%UXQ_\!4$L#!!0    ( )(PF%BRX9LC40H
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MT=KVV:\!H-]V#0"%K@& TN90F@>E^5!: *6%4%H$I<506H*BM<VW7P-  6L
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MV100_[\JBOKI3?/E0[LO_CK_/U!+ P04    " "2,)A8'D)<XT<#  !S"@
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MEN6CM4G=E+-O4.HY&83[+=)8EP)J-M]I0QQDJN#\  )CC' 2G#_"[LN$XF;
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M!(MSL9*5CQ@A&] F+OFLG*,H[2B0:%=C8Z@E-,&" [0CW-60B0JT67/^J56
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MFUI[] VN\+;EQWV;9]NDXJ@5NJZ;-3#8D<EF[=I.\]</6'JOY,QUD1L@B_7
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MDQ.=QML7E=KQ;_$L507;XS\W H9:T /X?,6_YZ%?$ /WXTSO_Q=02P,$%
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M-+ZZFL;SN</D]70<SZ:C^/KFYF3@CI]]&#AZWFDC"D?#>'@]CV_FCNAF-R/
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MG, RF^-G"$&.@,(Y8 8L J&;UY0+(SI=4'6)0[S;G)O1P$LQ3M;0/A$ZZC@
MSU'RN_+LFU.2*9+!SD1AHFJQ%&*83U@QE4BC!N]=4XZ*PK4<J^_F76]=8A <
M_3REO/A=D3IDF2J6V_L[^FOT(_A&Q0ZP>CV>QIX=_0X$1]D(]UDA]]L%?/$
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M7&)L/M3%#J>,%D5=%UOZ<T,_9HT#X/L5Q5#Y RZ G6((O-?_ U!+ P04
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M?/]P3^[FL_F[3Y/IWW-*WL\?AJ%%=*<3YCND:8O$3B#%C-PH:5>&S&4!Q5.
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M>(/Z 8/%RQ=)'K\^(RT;I&7GV/\D[3QX/((3/%S+!Y16:8$&2D4WQEBL0&W
M[A VJJ:K)^3V EZ^F+(X??W/WTOCR*@XV*Q1^P(=EZA0S%=KL*QNEL_&[X04
M=$ KV"I5&6#Y)(S3/,Q9_$2296$Z2<-I,H9[UX] 2&BUVE+:#>1%R(HGYSPL
MV!A6O*-[8%$+7AM(LB(LXC1DZ73P2[)IF,4%/<E?!WJ:R"PAH80GGF$]+5@X
M*6*R/7'>:V'Q5:4ZZ;,D3B@V6C6^!B77^I%* +Q1>VG!*A#6 !HK7! 52.J_
MU%1K\8.O:X0'7N_QX$RKY$Z93,-\4H0YI</-IF%1)"0F!2XK9V!)F$_I&3/H
M4"-EIW+%UU[ (W)-^[EK^KR.5+K^S3R/JV1(2DR+OE_6CZ&W>T:-I=*.@;MC
M9JP+5R.%NT<S^M65B$X:4X-ZZ]NOPU)8?8\:K$.'O^P;VY-[_WNXX7HK*,,U
M;@@:CR;C '3?<ON)5:UO<VMEJ6GZX8[^4JB= ZUOE++'B=M@^.\M?@)02P,$
M%     @ DC"86*(>URE) P  UP<  !D   !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T
M,30N>&ULK551;]LX#/XKA ?L81!B6[;CNDL")&T.VT.W(.EVN$?%IA-CMN63
ME*;]]T?9B9T"7= [W(ME4>3'CQ1%3HY2_=)[1 //55GKJ;,WIKEU79WNL1)Z
M)!NLZ227JA*&MFKGZD:AR%JCJG2YYXW=2A2U,YNTLI6:3>3!E$6-*P7Z4%5"
MO2RPE,>IXSMGP;K8[8T5N+-)(W:X0?.C62G:N3U*5E18ZT+6H#"?.G/_=A%:
M_5;A9X%'??$/-I*ME+_LYFLV=3Q+"$M,C440M#SA'9:E!2(:?Y\PG=ZE-;S\
M/Z/_T<9.L6R%QCM9_EED9C]U;AS(,!>'TJSE\0N>XHDL7BI+W7[AV.D&L0/I
M01M9G8R)0574W2J>3WFX,+CQ?F/ 3P:\Y=TY:EG>"R-F$R6/H*PVH=F?-M36
MFL@5M;V4C5%T6I"=F:W6R]7\KX?EM\<-S+_=P_?'+\LUW/U8KTD$\\UF^;B9
MN(8\67TW/:$N.E3^&U2?PX.LS5[#LLXP>PW@$L6>)S_S7/"KB/>8CB#P&7"/
M!U?P@C[NH,4+_N>X.]3P;53[@FYU(U*<.O1$-*HG=&8?/_AC[_,5SF'/.;R&
M_I\Y7T5]F_-X!._Q!BN%C7BA1VHTB#H#:?:HJ&Z5(A$(K9$.4DEO6!NDXQQ(
M 7)94C,HZMTM?/QPP[W@\[]>Y]J"455@M26/MC+.1U0AO"V37K)^6+SZO\?L
M0-U@6R(4=7,P\'/^V-*WJ\*M,*AI3;%X$E;)]T(6)#Y+D@'3YP$+@HAY2?(J
M"T92@VN:LD"E(0I9S#GSH[BW(Y-QPEGH<5@/'G(E*Y#MW4!3"F.[K1Y\^2R*
M(A9YWH5[QJ,;8A53-#E2OC-(]T+M<% ATE'"PHA? ED^(0%]K0W2=9M7<;+$
M'S,>#FYB@HA9,HY)/Y45@A'/EQ8],"4C3-C8&WQ9SQY\MP6A/T%DG;(X'A(8
M4A[&+/3#=]_YNXJ->S;!$8O](><^[;V8[H$G\.E$">S$*E^H -+RD"%U\D;J
MPES>^PC>>K3N1;.MD!)N1XHM\D-MNK[;2_NI->^:]:#>C;P'NJ^BUE!B3J;>
M*(X<4-T8Z39&-FWKWDI#@Z#]W=/D1645Z#R7TIPWUD$_RV?_ %!+ P04
M" "2,)A8;_S=24,$  "A"@  &0   'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970Q-2YX
M;6R=5MMNVS@0_15"!8HN0,0B=4]M W:2[A9(4J^3[J*/C#2VA$BB2U)Q\O<[
ME&Q9"1*WFP>;Y&CF<"X\Y(RW4MWK',"0QZJL]<3)C=F<CD8ZS:$2^D1NH,8O
M*ZDJ87"IUB.]42"RUJ@J1]QUPU$EBMJ9CEO90DW'LC%E4<-"$=U4E5!/<RCE
M=N(P9R]8%NO<6,%H.MZ(-=R ^;Y9*%R->I2LJ*#6A:R)@M7$F;'3N6_U6X5_
M"MCJP9S82.ZDO+>+K]G$<:U#4$)J+(+ X0'.H"PM$+KQ<X?I]%M:P^%\C_ZE
MC1UCN1,:SF3Y;Y&9?.+$#LE@)9K2+.7V+]C%$UB\5):Z_2?;3M<+'9(VVLAJ
M9XP>5$7=C>)QEX>!0>R^8<!W!KSUN]NH]?)<&#$=*[DERFHCFIVTH;;6Z%Q1
MVZ+<&(5?"[0ST\7RV^)B>?N#DL7E[/J6S*[/R<7?W[\NKBZN;RFYOK@=CPSN
M8[5'Z0YSWF'R-S 9)U>R-KDF%W4&V7. $3K8>\GW7L[Y4<1S2$^(QRCA+O>.
MX'E]U%Z+Y[T[ZI/7PNY _==!+7U.]4:D,'&0'QK4 SC3CQ]8Z'X^XK+?N^P?
M0W]GH8YC1B?DU[!DH? *4.:)DDTI:D-$G1'XV10;Y*8AJ42":@,9D2MB<B K
M62+3BWI]2CY^B+GK??[?XTQ;,"PZ5'>@VL+O/^$!X.TIZ"7+J_FS^9=&U85I
M%! O=FD21S0,HU[#BP(:Q9Q&ODNN1)IC1M33BY"8%U O#&@2NKT=BSP:APEE
M24+F35%F&"!A?DQ]/Z&^>W"'V34:^U%(OJU610H=NKV&E*R+=+ 1!A:'")$$
M!_\\R@-.W=@EEX"W32[+C!351LD'Z)QS:13%-&+Q84L4)1QW3)!W1BKR 'F1
MEJ /J#1FC+)!/ ?)\?)&J,5#]BS$R ]I@OE@GO_;);T$K4_)+$V;JBF%/2X9
M($O20K27\R>/>31Q?1JZ\1^]T2>?VZQC>.% ^JOQ:$"4U/C2>4E$O2#$M TR
MCWLQQK'R82\['_H(C_@2:B XW1S-V59H(I $:1NGD<]IT>,4!BK]?I*\'/&1
M:C?Z 4)U%^^;#&(=C0:2M^ED?V=2&\M(!0]0-WBN6$(C%U.5#$ \&@0^GI5#
M]GC8'C(>!>1/0)Z)LDV4R/ =PRM#"?L@[].A241C+$D2'@YVC 5!6.]0I(2Z
M >KQ@-S@0VZS:1&QG;@',\BM)B&G"3*1^T.:^#3BC :)/Y!%-$GP(/"0+/'.
M%BK-6\@,0RUE5\\>U*,N\HPG!QKYU(L9YF)PP=#0QSW8[U/CY7@K#68J>^WH
M)8CNNC1.!E'Y]D) *KM\((MH@)%Y?N_I:R_0:- V5*#6;7.D\49O:M-U$+VT
M[[]F7=MQ4.^:MRNAUD6M20DK-'5/HL AJFN(NH61F[8)N9,&6YIVFF,/"<HJ
MX/>5E&:_L!OT7>GT/U!+ P04    " "2,)A8 ^K!BD0$  "Q#   &0   'AL
M+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970Q-BYX;6RU5VU/XS@0_BM65EJ!Y*.QG5>VK51>
MCD5:$ +N3O?1I-,VVB3NV2Z%^_4W3MHTA5+N!/>EL<<SSXSM9\;3_E+IGV8&
M8,E3651FX,VLG1_W>B:;02G-D9I#A2L3I4MI<:JG/3/7(,>U45GTN.]'O5+F
ME3?LU[(;/>RKA2WR"FXT,8NRE/KY! JU''C,6PMN\^G,.D%OV)_+*=R!_6U^
MHW'6:U'&>0F5R55%-$P&WH@=GP1.OU;X/8>EZ8R)V\F#4C_=Y'(\\'P7$!20
M68<@\?,(IU 4#@C#^&N%Z;4NG6%WO$;_M=X[[N5!&CA5Q1_YV,X&7N*1,4SD
MHK"W:OD=5OL)'5ZF"E/_DF6CRX5'LH6QJEP98P1E7C5?^;0ZAXY!XK]AP%<&
MO(Z[<51'>2:M'/:U6A+MM!'-#>JMUM887%ZY2[FS&E=SM+/#R^O[T?7%Y<F/
M<S*ZNSN_OZ/D^OR^W[.([31ZV0KGI,'A;^ P3JY496>&G%=C&&\#]#"H-C*^
MCNR$[T4\@^R("$8)][G8@R?:G8H:3WQXIPU.L!O'9<FQF<L,!AZF@0']"-[P
MZQ<6^=_V1!FT40;[T/]#E/MQDB.R&XI<5E96T_RA "*- 6M(IC#'C(4Q41-B
M9T FJL!DS:OI,?GZ)>&^^/;IWY%QSO".H7P O;YG_J[=A5;&O+EZC56L]5 J
M;?._99W\F=3Z&3=$1EFV*!>%=+MMA;=7)ZW9''2NQNU4EFI1V>YT _I"YU[+
M,59,K*;M2O@+\\DS2+T1)31-!&6A:"4'"0U]08.0';:R($YI['-RIEQA)94L
M81^HH/BE*>N "AJQA,91M '% Z8LB,F//,.J"J2%830-!!5I1 [B**8I#P]1
MQN*0!C'[M"N_5U86KZ0LH'$0TR#BY(!QFJ0^QLB=_R2,J>#^_T;!_504[]K]
M>RKNI.1:V+*PU>I0])62H^J*HBO:;5%R#Q7;44J9\&G(TRX#TSBB8>QOR((,
MI6F8[F;@%O$B&O%HBWAA2 7K$(_%# 7^7N*E$:<\"@Y)FB#UQ/N5X,.T2WT\
MA9 A[00-TP!STG>T$WY$ Y_MOC1XFM<[P&'^JHXNI2$2*V=67YU5V[6TM<TM
ME.;S*RLV*;7#/_%DFT=XF].=*L":6KN3Y=U:^')\JHQUN:+A$:H%X/WAL8E@
MDZ)OS2^@ HVW("ND[1C;&'QNM'3]V/I4'!>B.*8)ZUAC90AI&L4;ND6"^G'Z
M02[(73>*]2;FC@,=]VG@(QTV[D.L2 ';N'^C<E "QN9ES8*=OE;/+#SA,3AF
MO*82=ML$9#9;JU;P9,G$G5>3.+EQ%X+Y@L\&^GLY#GW*L7K7X\"].%%]])OI
MT:Y6I==I(TO0T[I9=NT!EI2FHVRE;3\^:MK0C7K3S%])/<TK0PJ8H*E_%(<>
MT4V#W$RLFM=-Z8.RV.+6PQG^IP#M%'!]HI1=3YR#]E_*\!]02P,$%     @
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MQL, LMI85;9@4E!RV7S9?5N' \ X>@&0M(#$ZVX">96OF66SB58[T,Z;V-S
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M;*EJ$INWM8C':2\^'_7&XY%'.E.:]$;QJ)?&=(HHJ0I]\Q#[P7.7/CQX?NF
M;'R3,71<*$KS$G?6KH_-F^?[T;UI@M=,;[@T('!-T&@P.@M -XVEF5A5^<=\
MI2RU!C\LJ!>C=@ZTOE94Y7;B G3=??834$L#!!0    ( )(PF%BT'=RB-@4
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M0F\"W;P:FHY5E;^IU\K2O>^;.3VT4#L#FM\HVIIMQSGHGF[S?P%02P,$%
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M^R++5E?R<1:CK.79=-556M%_#.<]@>^>SZR/\=T^EN.,"N.U:KZG+O5S61'
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MY\4'262'P?YH7=L)(SN.]H(]VX&3"(/@/=QK0KU.N).23'LGC#S;'\0=3PS
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M&.^ \\NP/?N!_\#PES'Y'U!+ P04    " "2,)A87ZDU*"0%  ",#0  &0
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M2"*G:Z]^HT5C[]L3H7%[M\L%/I>X- )X/Q,8-:N-4;#^ !O]!U!+ P04
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MG2TKD(#8D,KC>X 7(02HF:2Q$IAS!?H&^P7AE!,B-#8ND8&A&(P!%82=TR$
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MAG.@^9FSM]$(T'P1CH:GXT0?R!N;[8"ZLZ+%\ KIU%W1;#8/)\".OL6*.A8
MD&$5VG!5RSC"Z0P9CB5K(.@A?#N:?\V*3B/J(W": 0N<7RW"X>S2TO-B#.<V
M#J_&BQ[A/AK:V-NP5R9_=$5E:U"M__VS^_/ &Z/V27OMM;M":Y7ZLR>J08*V
M?>U(=O/5/HE6VDF*^D"OE+<N<T_>HQJ' M]ZT]%P1D.P8WW?<"%V-A]>J"C(
M'#;.9-6!$C6^_Z&J ,YE5Q,.A_3_KJ_ZF=YX>!G.+H''+.P P/%FLUDXF\^>
M2-$^#A#QFGG&S7FN[#S>V<JJ-6;U+?7($"X!M4!*GNKC#TYL?M1+WQ_ *,EC
M=C "/VOE$/TCG&W/@]HHC<\<W;%F'GUI]65#7(4$,5 ECRDV\'N5<FX%/Y/E
M.1&*^,GX'>8YJ [LHP,2T, L@%RPC,@5&_=DIAL>CC]00 2>#X!<4R5A%_:P
MQ#MT/*VUX\E.ERND"S>H)*$H-.SQ4<0I&S)#ON&LO6?!#L16201F(7G#T#6F
M&2QZCO6>)#1C8BZ>U\;SU*/!7Y!#R'7B(S<R#F:P>\CJ)N?Q6@)Z6P*\\()4
M?8'=/:KDP?!8.H:&$Y+=5^0Y,6O+:SMDDZG!(1 V2.ED%'I65:_<[V!5O) :
M?T5#_R%>8WB"G!@P(ICMVEW?+=_YX/U=F$"& Z:>4V"O2%'MM.N[) XD"RZB
MG1(_DIB>Q18-T;9Q_< XK64#FRQ.4T6_F1!QA8G[=[>I/ ,3;@SVX.7TBK2=
MV0*TL/FP00$C>&8R'8+.. )]?A'.Y_-P,9DX6EAXVA$M@(7.QZ . P.^N@3[
M#@8=7?4E](S&EGV.>YG?W19._X($"'O==EVNDR,#G<7G0?M@+:14M#_H.$@:
MK[C/>>X)H(5UA:$ACD 2K^LG,]0 7 _*6@$S)$<53YSMW0 INT_1VYP>*'T.
MR7 ='3B!05(..M0IJ[QY3,?A+BZ3) IJA4PH+KC[^US=HP/.\>P LL[#X61L
MI"RB$'P)B'DU,5_NJWRU);9X0@QF1&,@K6!PH-BSA, D#V3!#U&<(+@N8*2+
M O V*-1*;UIS/1O1!:87Q7D "%Z!F/B4FF@#.G01EO<DB-"WE144.4Q5::,\
M'-%!YRZ+JI".HG<-% Y27TBO7S.#1\EH)!>RS'S-4BF"%RDDCMP)A&6J6,!'
MJU6UDW 2FV3X<ZZVF&SYH'0H] S7?!Y@L#8Q<104AK+'VMYTN!$Y9<+2O)T2
M6'"P#Q57D.)"X1PP0AP YT]+BA43GBXI(<T"WF[.CJC72WYN5A-<)+38T;&>
M7O2;.BK>*1$^R3))1&JC?#,8HHE/2'$MWN8XC<E;+BY[#B U\Q*N;>#\KH1)
M*'?E)EM;8.G$M^N[&_IK] .8A]D>H'HYGH6.*7$+C".OF/KZ.*W-G1SU)CB^
MN,485IGE';&@(V]KT73V^WG@C.3^'6KGM*0HY=&C<;LC!\' 8HPY;QD<H\3@
M@5'&(-@!4;-LC2H6QEY+-XB:<+(6)E@4E&B%U"D) L@SA:XY1:[@H)"LB4(8
M#A97A8ZV/E(B,$[RH')@VOSJ3I7;#/#R1L;!%5_$Z06%HEH7S$09@V+,^5CN
M?N4;$0\Q9>H4.@$C14U2?"R2*J&?PC#4%G.W*9.9:$\";#8]817MHQ4E)%D:
M*J//R/1U/E0H257,<#B+2IB:D5B&[ ;F' EFC\#(2B#4->I.2%'K:$>B#0<K
MX$0N=J#_(>OD4V-A1L#>(\T!O5-J$J9,9'EA(GM;0(X,\S\3'8U7F/*F**X(
M.AT<]!I$80KK^1<RBFB/*21Y3#DRN"A%2RI0][.'['$=^,4^*$J?CQ64I$:Z
M8]R!3'WD9A-^1_VINN_[DE](QK12X9'\W\^8C'ILX/Y':C1&X"$]P14Y.I^'
M>2%A[,$"&3/[XAP'8V(I;$32T;2!?:T<_.Y;M G*\K&!46=#SH9?Z&^92PA'
MQM!3M(]+D7=1X4]=YS<Z9R+7*0:,!E;)$/,0*%/=,ZX\ZI"E3NN2J)?)#HES
MLH!)UH"-'")4)?LRWBD?E, O=I3)PY1K(J/XXJ9*)'<*IX"=L-7U%8&MU^W#
MOJQBUGAF0Y*/1?!+M *;2R$1>2ABG+[!FPH4%PK53H*?T:Y%K0D1 "Q 9=5K
M$MO,I\OV?6V49,F"1F(RK-AS].L&Q*.R0CG/4I"'=C58EP"$&SPH@"HF84^"
MBV J6]!+?>6".4N/))^A=\#FZX@S - F0KEP@60GTL#FN':<E>R8D6-06\;1
M'+@2#*UEQ48UI2VF%3)-SO-SLFIIO1Z:@])89VNAT2XEJX"H@;F?22@TZ.Q)
M23"+-=,%YKG36%Y29@QFQJ$*^LB"KF"7#F;KBE:'J]M&^3T_RWEVCJ9O$]B"
MI0)#!"9!+H5E0*)T:4^2)'U0:H0"\!I?TB#X-0?4Q8Q<1""@-G:_T'Z1&?&*
M]2H E)((R&HH,R<-'_)(6P8#:T(T-'JO!^B4<D+SDO.3-"Y8-';PNU=NV-J%
M47^]P6TS);)+5API7$A04VL;K/DUH)ID06EK)&&YN@,JK7(FD38=6 3(('AC
M/$0MCX7-1$_6EU&;*I7#]591GL<-P90>/.$D!^(+)_<!*Y_$[AFT;+E] 2V'
M+4=L<MB9EZ4U=N%803BCMG2=I2#E*1DT5^+2Q0H&40--$ET36)+VR8/UIZV,
M;)KWJ#]+F]AYNRUP)+U[=\ZRP'&M!-$ZH\H?,&RT03,%\[WQG-''*4\'%6%;
M;D P$<E R8( "+1?]7=1*7\ 12NRTQ#QFGF[;MZ988?DK*3SRC875:$E/9V8
M#&M3K8SJS5R)G4)B(#+#YS>,IF*PQ<HU]%V GLT>(;ONM"1DTQP.!4/%.*XI
M1RP',A="QVII)BS;"05UM'Y!T%Q3'N1O42YYV?Z*,3G+ZNM$28B-Z@O):;*R
M&VX,KM5HA6$=@EJ\FL((K::+; +-3+-HT1DED]T6KF3+1'+P9+.9N_[8,O8!
MNEQ-QBU0"9;HE'I<WX\G!\'[+P][M$:2@\EC,IX=%X>J0@FQ@FS#V>&03#2"
M)_40)DZY%#=V747&H*4%- X*5ZMI0Q]X _'\(T0=DJ'0M:I<;5"A8N!LXB]8
M64 G6SI@%C\@9^;2^^SO60%+1W-61"$S.#_;L(40!.CDB>>0RPJ4'TZ"+.(=
MP"(7ZHA3YRO#757Z$(,"R,9%TW-KR8NYH@Z?9[JR R4_*N-44L4Y@*6R"\6J
M,]BW?IQ8/CMMA&%G*6"!DX[II#MB<G44.XR:(?<8)XDIDW(<N' ^Q/T,GF\H
M?RZJ(;%#$^QF:Q$K+=P%.!]1))H8:,? OR[*:M.^L#1+P$&BM9FN%^@N -K5
MN?&1((F0(IXPC#O  DBN4*/C7UL'-7)[XO/P Y(_#H13R(3D";4>P2YK\^D"
M'9''GXPUF^,!). 5[FR<M8K!K%/ WVX#. X08UF)ILD$7%C7>KN-A"XH?D^8
MNA?]K$-5DOQ7Q-X_[87IM!P+[NA_@4F!:K-XUL/&:$;U,WI+FV-3!JP9&)@O
M9&1O4S"0B(>U':ARD668(I5+ULDDV:?-V.*447]1R:U%$4J#3N\O$K(@>"6M
M:LZ1,I44%.C^48.?&]]H7]=1CT=#!??*3)G0VT#:KK<JE!%1V:-UH@%8$H*M
M;%&37\HDRJA3SX'Z.)4S&!&$&AL)?>2^DN -E)"P>PC=J;@G0F,9PW4!Q(4A
M TDWLD71:Q/%\A/6_R46*W)2V0.PAMSE=GKW3&C.[HV2U#BGY8&<MY&IJ&MN
MU7'ZM&6@2^E9E6J]3,=+*8Q<3PO@(OG2U:0DH<+U+;$=',MI5:0,%A2_)V7W
M5L+<U<YP$3W+D=7$A1L,/++=+OTYK3-B7^T!71&GT#G]?? T'-6-O/B>E'>9
M.ULK]3U&GOAT8S]%5V@QY!B\!!@GO<S'%MZ,^DME?F,OQGK-H<(.J^I(N4UV
M'C3&(0VHGJ2"\>.B7COO%-<\^*.8F--OUQ]US E#A.(0(G3$<&#A!")X3-O8
MP1D=1JD7N(TFWS4&5/E#O%)/&V<.P]#7O)\"^"6</1::1#'1$>Z<JC\K, 9T
MQ'>#W 2$?\G>AWU5TB#H S1*$!XW?@GD MP'D&;)I9D?/;3-JM*\C0AJ!VM_
MG]6WC0028ZGY44[%+C%U#M]*^I%72^Q3S='I:%'.(NO34WFUXSKW9]8B^;B*
MU$<3MBQFU%_,\L92MGB1NE,[CI3%[,^#CM'<[VOJUCY'IS))H4>I.K1N1<'1
M)"$_JQ9IP#\TINE @5> %9.1C,ILGGBE_\:ON8ORSS 0.F?!! 6J+9WF#6;9
M8IE?ZPI?APF2!X1'N6#FZK['R4];O1TGMFD8<:/,O6U)#)"*;6\$5!T,SJX'
M;E3[OHI9*R0]#HG=+#U$X0C"'\.CN(E-#B;@HRY9Y5W@$,YFI;@=_BF\<OIH
MB5F F_8C;U^//S=E,5\DP)$2=YAM#&P(6,)!]%AI'6#[9I +_@N8I'\J5T)G
M2V1GI-@0C3)UH:%>?[)*F\^2,=FV?VS=X6<*<<#?9B-*%$IL%2=#KG53L9;'
ME;8),'A.!A<"PG 80@O4Q)R2?['MVF'.?))3PVDLRZZ(P7\/AB[.,)+$VE\;
M,. 27N95P1]51IT+<A(09U4:K7^O, Q\SLHKI9=0D%B4A=SKHQ#K/F&"VF1G
MX_1CF?Y6^P2(_;DKH+26UOXQ_AE+-B2.3L$"/<-$9OC4>LPZHZNH]I)\A(Z_
M& N:*7$AT[0H@9T.THJ2(@/Z*E9YO"2-EC+RT?% \?!HM>4(MD6IIB+5WH+B
M^^!L=&X6(8/]$)R-SW4D1W]);YY-SME@U]\R'M3>9^^8'*:5.I@&^Q!1YH]U
MAM648!G)ZZ$2IP]90LD%%@^R7'3UR+&7?*S@I=5W04MCVX \[&JU3>,_*H:?
ME"QJS5GG%&%;GP!]KDG= <=/"! <KAS7]&#AY&),$19H&2P[9JU=.T>7G/.,
MWDU_+4Y:B]E2?3)QQCER3N9*#BSQQ+HO,QWY,HQ^X*0;=?0L\7(0;6JY)/KT
M9ON&?EE 6$\K#3MS#<4AIWWD[(W56*6_*;SW:PGBH9\=[@QIOS&8*E]Y69%R
MO)V9HEY6(3N.<DP )'(DI]&@*QM5>RQ;,DACD-U]":1NX2W-[,A](< ];*A*
M8\-DEP<>->?M'23*)G*%U4;AGOJPVV3+H"VIV3.DPA:CCY5J G*;G"L8J[^(
M&\QD8]@%% %WZ)(4"RHRR+FC3ZY<GB#B"^@5W>UL"'C/>SR]S;&,)2.;&CF$
M?[LW)[2ZJ0FUUG$+2SG$C4;^5$?K8]?"*6'!L2UX&_<7K(D=Y\9OVW3V(Z.<
M_7$>M(SDD)B6!=SH"N GZ3Q88B&='?)V&Y631.)54*RRC+LZ8./!HN"$'4I2
MVU.=&.B\.MFK=MQH2:Y!5@!QK6#,#7E[00?E?(Q,/+AH<!6*^L>T/(&)<5I]
MH(RT-4CU-3IMN/$*M68AR+BLA<2[W7QSG[I+&,A_TN.U'9 !5R;9ENB(L3:R
M*2_Z$:P9SG8 -&)KCG^F-&/@4/=^2,7U[)@%&,VQ@!F*3602N*B2SS9O<V-S
M9_R2-IBD%Q;UAR-_PBXN3+XD=7@1SP"*8 VG<[&M7&GF!:](XJR5] [#++]:
M_(I%:B$D0?I\PA1"D4;V>3IQQ,9Z0HEUDBED6M@D8EV3C6=["<;YFBTJ5&!Q
M4/4EVNU1KCS473CG'*-6*+P[(,C CDW202V6TSPH^QPR>%\1-/EN9899G\0E
M$V 9C2,E(+>OR'@:)6:?*8Z7\A ';"#2OI/:^CN>0MO#;)F:G' ;1632%&_Z
M"#K8"H3/@QCPJXRJ/J4+IPL;(@>E YP/F,2E]H68I[JIS_&T;,Y8F _GH"+'
MYSK#_:!1CWHCG@&6LA_8X&T(3]<?;]^SZW>AT>A5>-=P<X[[.#X%DNCXV,.Y
MSA;N>,B(OU.G)NT>AC6891"+C-4S] # ;LD]Q9:Q/J^B\^P]'L>A)(^[>7TE
M@1MA9D=IBPI6F+6;QQ'%E-##@INRP(DW$H_%?2.%%AH?V#X0[O:A;2XZM%V5
ME(@\G4!BVY C@90::@HSUI33#H9K@V>@!=^-XYIGJ;4=@C@\JT2U$XK,^9CP
M,[;[=4KMN"^EL=4U$@8JYO%2 C<FT%*PUFV>H[7G(JORE7*LX4;>0V-TPI7E
M.1&M30[3-2!>RB^MWI=UC+9%-][V\47/T*%2'*9P6-)%E&"%N';A\7#:T7UW
M9_H):Z6V*7YTV-<BC1^,-Z+PJR2;Y1$8/1?]W@+& 1]NHV/_)JQ,V)A82\$J
MID_3A<+_-Y0AE(>HYC6B#K[4T^XY<E1QD0#3!_IIQ;7/O$(;1L)-Q!]!3;[^
MJ"+F8))+CO,8KA-)GH;& +L465M+?L9]+H&O^*O4I= [58-;AH(R4\QJ$,S8
MAZ[&)#ZY=MR4U[55V2MM]8(HJ.KD!WN1(-/86PJY>[$E/(XJ;>AA([V" 8CR
M+$)<".#G?F2EBA7]A)QCBD@>RCXBIX^C&?J4G2$L%7*-5-+ZF/;)*[$OQ>D@
MV'H:I PR.$W4V\I/'ZD#784)3"=!J?\$*-&)GV  '8-,_W!UJ&#]T9ZK.59B
MZ=<J@QHY+J2H);ISH@B2T_"AC=/HOM9&(!+G";#\2&>;@PI_@4SQ$*@+RL8#
MP8C6?8E$6^M<B/4A*,Q1/IJL=H6QZ+R3VY%SMPND3\.C]N&M-#$Z B/[0Y8
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MF89V"V_7]:UV:CU:6?VY--G<N'  OR\L&OIV$02T_^8X^Q]02P,$%     @
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M/QZ,Z.O3V,YW$WY)Y4.Q<8^L)+=*_68?+F;' V(!R4PFQG(0<+F78YEEEA'
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M(/ EEZJB!EU5^+I60#,'JK@?!<&E7U$FO&3H[AY5,I2-X4S HR*ZJ2JJ7B?
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ME U _T)*L]O8 [HIGO\!4$L#!!0    ( )(PF%BY2_*G0P,  (,'   9
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M;&R:Z1H[25!6 ;\OI33[A=V@ZTW'_P)02P,$%     @ DC"86-_FVHP8!
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MXNNP[2!1=[=ZH7AI.\J2*]V?[#35/P00QD'OKSA7^X5)T/QBHE]02P,$%
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M?EN7O.X'+JG 7R;Z8GHM&X?/GB8-F$5X@%G,Y77KNE=*O]J_\<;=T^;I>/=
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MT2B."UN4N5%XRQ%GXNGB]F9&'J8/IU=/L]G-PX+<34;CR=UD,;F9D^\+MBQ
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M@VLDD ,>XB_"F 8\A%%K!3'9"U*HSST:,<_AF8F8AK[?Y5$<<F DWB,A  B
MFHA)Q-ZC(HQH'.Q2SJ69E,$4#J(>!]&K<:!56E=I7N1)6ZHQ8FQB&UOKQ[%3
M.K&*)%5&U'JMVG+^[=M#H)DVXV^@Q9=!\YP6OZ7 %BPH%8V%8!?<U+X4</ 9
M!UOQ,!C1G*"2!32.Y(B(D.U,N!? P\>Z>@->(0!E;G-E2%5;=&RK_T AL?58
M(T0[4AEA/J(AJ-;G8O .[\&<OB0WJ)R)3C=M_#)UCW9P6SKH[PPW9%57C<&K
MK.D:MCGW(0M.2#$RUH?UCONY-QYDL%Y@YLZ#G1"T,\1L$JW>N,8M(S#=Z>I
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MK(KJH5%U%%^;R_V<*W@JF.8*WF9$Z 4PO^ 0J'5'&VA>>Z/_ %!+ P04
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M ,8[X/HJG.9^XC<8_C*F_P!02P,$%     @ DC"86#SIS)H0!   R0H  !D
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M;/1U>^_63HR>NKNND39&EVXX41+-C?T [\=:F\7$"EA>?I[^"U!+ P04
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M\49IR*$N!Y 9H8QH2D*N)ZC(!80LM(O!^,& UO7[@7:E:;\?!I_GRVIYON,
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MD/$2F*8U\.NJL>O,R> VIP-Z&U"[2K/</>#1J((J=P%@]WSEG%$:IG10@0L
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M!O,1 PM*G4C-0XTV004NL*QU^?!I!Y%..WQKA:L $@5:;TI-P^7J= \&$P4
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MC*AH]TP:<S Q,:Q46HMH21P5ML"RUB7&YQ/D]Q5B2V!+N1O$N!/V\2B&FE$
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M$]P/P'0T'(\&H^1V_ AND^3^:?PX&@_!P_W?HV34GX*O8$*%Y%DJZ0RD1"S
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MF3A/%-O__YCB,'*%Z33)&4IA(I"M(U<LG;38X!<-3F9J!_M(N-@/J]M8G(F
M2@/Q?$((?VG( :I3EO</4$L#!!0    ( )(PF%B\&:GDO0,  $06   9
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MS"LFUR7+=4.+95TF?!1:BZ*^S( F(*L!YGXJA'YM5!,TA>/!?U!+ P04
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M7_)\@YI]4)H+2J-0M*HFI>''#DCQ,JX;--8#DN:"TB@4K:I'N02!S6L0NZS
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M)>9][ANNEC)"+)HD=R$M]9^%"'SO&2DNP[0L3=AS_8TE6\B]-+)6CE<&NN;
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MU<N;#Q>JF4*N#=1^R)C<3O0!57OF_@-02P,$%     @ DC"86%<*\E=R @
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M%(;_BI5-4R>U36(G@;00B7)1*VU=5=I.^VC" :(Z,;,-=/]^=I)&7%(*$E_
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MPD I9'A1B'NZ^@&U'E_Q);3@^A>MZEC+0,F""UK68)E!F9/J'[_6/FP [.
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MU>&2X#EAY0WB^P6E_.6D?.O6OI:=_ ]02P,$%     @ DC"86&*9BTO_ P
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MK_5"W[H\=,)"3;"&F$$M9O >7@MTBJD3%FJ"-<2$UK%QL[2XK<*<FB.P7'^
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M5^I,!EP'J/L+QN1;1^_B]2DO^ =02P,$%     @ DC"86(+WDW[!#   Q,L
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M%<$!;7+ 1M4.<(;+J078O('NP"EW@!M_C -LY$!WYE@'?"//>N5A*YZ01$G
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MZN%^YDJ7 55SJRL[$ :@Y]><JV/'+-#6BN,?4$L#!!0    ( )(PF%B%F'0
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M]10;7FW$U42RHMR:YDRJC:X<INK?!;@.4/>7C,GGB=[MFK^AZ!]02P,$%
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M< LR92D%!Q]QY,TH.0 JHX6:/"A@%MFB_#B3SWW-J;@;BSSN/:W\+U\7J[_
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M[D)I/I060&DAE!:A:.:"ML;G90YL0&)0;Q=*\Z&T $H+H;0(13,%TSC S.X
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M<]@G9^DY6,7%Y.T?@X9K'\%R=EC.J6E[#I5S2.4UO",GT]Y=#'9M77^3Q>>
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M-KG&_6,*IV50RP^*)J#0;!J-Y<?^*OQQ6HZ&)9I0.]7^.P9''.*$4=0WJHY
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M&TR4%Y*RHGA6_-,77.D;0E&,]1T.A>F@OR^Y]EA5S#6AOA4&?P!02P,$%
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M+E7W8O^150-R-5XD4EG\1?OJ6VN HIU4(JN,P8,LX>5_^E0%XL@ XS,&N#+
M#0-"SAB0RH"\EL&I#)RF@7O&P*T,W-<R>)6!5\2^#%81Z3E5=#K)Q1[E^FM
MTQ>%7(4U!#CA>F8]J!S>)F"GII^^S+Y^7J!O-W^B(;IGD>!1DB:T4%VL4)RL
M5BQG/&(2+9G:,\;1W?T,24753HG\)TIX)#*&%'U".54,41XC!D;%C&F]?3MG
MBB:I?#<9*?!>^S"**D]O2T_Q&4]MC#X+KC82+7C,XE. $0R['CM^'OLM[D2<
ML^@*$?LWA"U,T.S+7^CMK[_8GOO!Y-WL$JSO#W/T]LT[] :-D-S0G$D#XOSU
MB/@E[Q:78'5Z%;X>R>[PZD004D]&4H"3,^#_^_PSS;K2)<?LDD[L[^661NQZ
M )E;LOR1#:9ZQ-8'TR3I$VS>)]BB3["P)["32>+4D\3I0I_.1+;=*08J/VU!
M9;@X$ED_XQ+RS))QMDJ4,<^4^%Z!KW?>Q^G0MRW?#RPR&3T>R]GIR:5R&FAM
MX'3&7G!*N^B3-FS3>@&V'>PZ->N)#FZM@]NIPQ?!AWHI,JX2E<#ZY$)!@;+\
M&T1!2ARI8M*@Q':/O,(!5$.D$8I9IP^7*M F]=S )MAOQ+]/TK!-ZF#' 0G,
MX??J\'N=X;\'9II'FR+AQ>P1:L0M5'SJ>0E OA1\)^%5O"N*.),*7LNW(;$"
MR\=!<R5T.G.I#B9:9VQ;SE%02B7ZI T-M)@0F'>!;];"K[7P7UP*59R7*2OW
MUJ&N=V,$:T#+46YHS]*8I/!;SMFV[^"Q[S24Z'3E4B4,K"3P/)\T6!=]LH:F
ML5JVZUB>68>@UB'HU.&KVK <\M")&EU!#]I9".:A.V[._D[:2V/>)O5($(R;
MFT"?G&&;T\?$/]IX3N(]KN,][HSW'72!NCI3"4T/%=BA9C.%?-SVA!3:-T+>
MR7QIR-NDD.=\UR(-H1=]LH8]@9U(8UN'QL[J%.<;Z+&"6IJOCZMH8]]EM9<!
MAG3<W(N["2_5Q, Z)+X/FT]C*BQZY0U-HX6*B/AG%H-]U$K;W97IAO*U[CG0
M(TUW9<JG:2KV],Q:J/!.4@%4HM[8&3=#W\E\<>C;O#800TH8-T/?)V]HX!U"
M[VB[/L%G@H\/P<?=TUTHFAJ#C UUMV6/<1 TM];J4__D4X>X7K,LG9M L>V[
M(%USY^SV^^(0MHD=WR*>9YV;OH?FV^YLVZ:+HFO67??6E-<E@ND,14T2(2@\
M.>05B;:PW<Y2*B6Z*>K0\OH6B3Q..(7NO"B%T+_=1PZWW8Y=VH-7:'J='\2Q
MKBRWJ6&O_;6)%4CQ*6G8%^FIQH?>V>YNGE^C<9RD97_=M\I]MK6S"NUEE?MD
M79A832KW1%JJ/#HZWLU8OBX.XB6T%CNNRM/.^FE]V']3''$WGM_J'P&*8^,#
M3/D+PF>:KQ,N4<I6 &E=^9"C\_)0OKQ18EL<(B^%4B(K+C>,QBS7'\#[E1#J
M^483U#^-3/\#4$L#!!0    ( )(PF%AH*#!L) 4  !D;   9    >&PO=V]R
M:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#DQ+GAM;+69VV[;.!"&7X70 HL6:&*2.J>V@33VH@6V
M:=!TV]U+1J)CH9+HDI2=O/V2LB);!S,6H-XDDC7S>_1Q1/*WICO&?XHUI1(\
M96DN9M9:RLW59"*B-<V(N&0;FJLK*\8S(M4I?YR(#:<D+I.R=((A]"8927)K
M/BT_N^/S*2MDFN3TC@-19!GASQ]HRG8S"UDO'WQ-'M=2?S"93S?DD=Y3^<_F
MCJNS2:T2)QG-1<)RP.EJ9EVCJR4*=$(9\3VA.W%T#/2M/##V4Y]\BF<6U!71
ME$922Q#U;TMO:)IJ)57'KTK4JK]3)QX?OZC_5=Z\NID'(N@-2W\DL5S/K, "
M,5V1(I5?V>XCK6[(U7H12T7Y%^RJ6&B!J!"2956RJB!+\OU_\E2!.$I SHD$
M7"7@<Q/L*L$^-\&I$IQS$]PJH;SUR?[>2W +(LE\RMD.<!VMU/1!2;_,5KR2
M7#?*O>3J:J+RY/S3[<V7STOP[?I?< $6=$4YIS%(\HAE%$CR!(@05 I \ECS
M[UQ.$_*0I(E,J !O%E22)!5OE=3-[7_@S9]_(,]]_W8ZD:I2_7V3J*KJP[XJ
M?**J!8TN@8W> 0RQW9-^<WXZ[DE?G)^.>M*7YZ?#9OI$C4X]1+@>(ESJV2?U
M3HU*']B]EM.OI:>=*[$A$9U9:EX1E&^I-=?#!-_W81Y3;#&FV'(DL<: V/6
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MNVF8W;2A1W-47"8@4]"&F<J@7>9<<./:IJ^ IV RA(KJK$JVH[MDK(]A6]3
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MVRTS>B9160?ZGDII#H9-T#R\T6]02P,$%     @ DC"86/\<KAZE!   T!0
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M[YAB'[LA0@3W+:./4 R]@(0^QF[?-!XP]1V78-^%86O:BYJT49/1J)\7\Z&
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M_PAK.<3'+W<+=/+[NQ[NK#HAK +7.C ANN)9(MC="+JTG<N,!NQB!+5+,O'
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MJ]L?N Y0\QEC\J6C+YCV>R+^!U!+ P04    " "2,)A8+\7P,*(*   86@
M&@   'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970Q,#(N>&ULM5QM;YO(%OXKR/?J;J^T
MK9E7H)M$2@WH1FJ3*.GNU7XD]J1&BXT7<-)*]\?? ;O&\^(Q=,\V4F/B,\\9
MSL.\G(<#%Z]E]4>]%*+QOJZ*=7TY63;-YOUT6L^78I75[\J-6,MOGLMJE37R
ML/HRK3>5R!9=HU4QQ;[/IZLL7T^N+KJ_W5=7%^6V*?*UN*^\>KM:9=6W#Z(H
M7R\G:/+]#P_YEV73_F%Z=;')OHA'T?RZN:_DT?2 LLA78EWGY=JKQ//EY!J]
M3QEN&W06O^7BM3[Z[+6G\E26?[0'-XO+B=_V2!1BWK00F?SU(F:B*%HDV8\_
M]Z"3@\^VX?'G[^AI=_+R9)ZR6LS*XK_YHEE>3L*)MQ#/V;9H'LK7_XC]";$6
M;UX6=?>_][JW]2?>?%LWY6K?6/9@E:]WO[.O^T <-<#X1 .\;X"'-B#[!F1H
M [IO0(<V8/L&;&@#OF_ N]CO@M5%.LZ:[.JB*E^]JK66:.V'CJZNM0QPOFZO
MK,>FDM_FLEUS=7_]D-Q^]F9WG^ZO;W_W[FX__BX/;N/D]C&)O?3F]OIV=G/]
MT;NY3>\>/EU_OKF[]=YZLW*]D%>76'@?LB);SX7WV/:@]M[$HLGRHO[WQ;21
MO6M]3.?[GGS8]02?Z$DLYN\\@G[VL(^)-Y.=>?.O?R#.?K%AS<9@_?H8>V_^
M:8.)A\/@<UU*AF.A<UCI<"S?@365%\/ABL"'*P)WX.0$^&Q;56+=>%E=2T9M
M/.[:4WO[=BI\7V^RN;B<R+FN%M6+F%RUW?-_L1$)"19#@B608"D0F,(H.3!*
M7.A7LZQ>>MEZX<W;#^+/;?Z2%9)B*[D[*-Y!M<O2RU488!80ROV+Z<LQ<SO+
MX,@281Q&$?61:AF;F(Q0'/*01JIEXCR1L3$' E-B3@\QI\Z8?RZ;K/ :4:WD
M.K<IZUQ.CDM1+&PAWR&QH_!$ 9/_.-,B[G0Y=JR87B5[+(R"0",Z@72; H$I
MI+ #*<Q)RH.HFRJ?-V(W%&Q<,",JR \XYP$A&AD62X8X911K5[_%,.2$^@1K
MXR1Q]GYLH(' E$#S0Z"Y,]#WE=ADWU;M'---/&6S%)7<SIQ;6;@9JHCY 498
MFRAFIB4.:, (T<9,;#'T&8]8@ (M^LY3&AM](# E^L$A^L& N>=\M ,SV@'W
M.:(H"K5PFZ:8!G*J(%@;%K'%TD?8#Y"O<Y@XSV)LP(' E("'AX"'SBW3;;E^
M>S[<(>2V"1(LA@1+(,%2(#"%U>C :N0<1G?=I+4>Q&UD7/5RQ?!)H(\CTRZ2
MXXA1;1"99@CSD/B1OC0[SV!LL(' E& COT]$_0&SUND0[YLK,PL*(T+DHJNO
M#A9;XH>$^Q'20VV#983S* AU6A+W&8P--Q2:&N^CQ!\-RO.*/'O*B[S)A3WL
M"'+: D6+0=$24+04"DUEMT_BD3.CO+J>SZNMW.>*KYM6J+%MP\X1C\U)B#.&
M$(FX/MQ,4RS')9(SFS[:+* 1]B,<4:(/-M#\&PI-I://P)$[!=]-;N<B3BS)
M1[M3913IJ:#-EE&"0YF!ZS&WF&+,613)#9P>=- $' I-#7J?@B/JG.$>EUDE
MEF6Q$%7]4Z=[--_>6P,/F>'.0-%B4+0$%"V%0E/Y[;-YY$[GKQ>+O+T](4?6
M)LL7;_.U3.LWN1QI5I(M>7C$*2)R7V",+M,6!YQ3@GP]W['"(A9B)K'UT06:
MX$.AJ='O4WSDSO'E"K-=;8NL55/V"TNYDIZ6[6VG%^$596V?Y<R,_&U$(\8#
MJK-@L42$!)2$.@DV2]YNXT*N<P":YD.AJ1STB3YR9_K''"S$<S[/&VO(S:3\
M;<A1FU/X1M MM@@C' 9()RBVV;)0+N9^B+$>=]!L'PI-C7N?[R-GXKE?SFO+
M^F(-?VA;UPE''!,C_!9;UFJ%'!M[*8NIG*!\F;F8ZWIH2/"2?<KDSD+/*5.+
M;12UPP[3OK=JX/J4&KES:F,?U.U+!P?2S(M/IX"F[<D4T )[,@4$S;BAT-0;
M?7W*C=TI]ZR0Z;9W[=U5BWR=5=^\;L=DO^<'F?K.0-%B4+0$%"V%0E,9[I-\
M[$[R!V^!,6B:#XH6@Z(EH&@I%)K*[]&]>G>:?QBY]>F1:Z;<D>\3;6\ZLYBU
M^P/]5J[%+(PHUC9DB;O;HX/\=R3ON$_>\9G[Y]TT^6'0- F9/\] T6)0M 04
M+85"4QGNE0(,I!1@4*4 %"T&14M T5(H-)7?7BG ;J5@R#1IN_,O-Y;Z-+DS
M4ZI>*--%@6%@B;O7HV/\=^@!N-<#\)E[_EFG*L_*U29;?_/^YSV(35DUV5,A
MO(_BB]SV)^OFI/;I!A\]L"#18E"T!!0MA4)32>\%"!P,NHGD*!:$S/MGH&@Q
M*%H"BI9"H:G$]@H'=BL<HVH&L:E$8$(B%G*F*ZMNMZ,)M$@@F 1,;DGUJ1:T
M+ $*326G5U'P$!5E6'$A-L6-P%Y=Z'8ZFAJ+J.+;ZPM!':=0:&JI;:^I$+>F
M,J#&D)@E!\@/&$9FD:';V5A.;(X#CGU*0IT34,<I%)K*2:^"$&<6_L/EB'M8
M=7KQ"9,[/ITG4,'#ZI>&'.LW/A)0ORD4FDI3+V80MY@QM&Z1F!I$>V<N0+Y1
MM^CV.)H7BV,_XHSC4+_= >HXA4)3B3EZ?H X=WG#ZAL)J/8!BA:#HB6@:"D4
MFDINKWT09^Y]=;-^D4M6.SEZ^;J;'K-5N95'BZWPGJMRY=7;ISI?Y%DE<[>?
MO7FYKLLB7W0W'7^[2;HF\O=/M6)HO4*H,7YX@ B."#8>+@&51BR.(Y_C* P#
MXPD44-T#"DWEMM<]R!G=8T0)JQMJ]/"%1(N)14_!R* .5$Z!0E.IZ^44XI93
MSI7#$LNS$LC'U/<I,E9!4#G$YID@%C%NV4:"BAU0:"HEO=A!AHD=9\KX"*CB
M 8H6@Z(EH&@I%)K*;J]X$+?B<=VO>DT)N.:9$@5E;269D4* *B,VMYAC;"3?
MH&Y3*#25PUX8(6YAY*]7/1-3MJ!RI0FY7E_B[LEHNBQ/?+!()GQZ532HVQ0*
M37U$MM=*Z)!'/LXP0DW1(@Q"N<CII5-N9Z,?CS7=LE#^Z 6@":C;% I-9:17
M2BA0O0@%K1<!18M!T1)0M!0*3>6WEUCHF<="1I5,4]O3&B=*IMV.1U-H\WRB
MJAK4<PJ%IA+42RW476ORHU75U'S(XT15M;L#HXFR^#U1>0WJ.(5"4WDZ>KV#
M6S496'E-3>'A9.6UV^-H8BR>3]5F@WI.H=!49GK-@[HUCW&UV=16J7&B-MOM
M>#1!%L^GRK=!/:=0:"I!O;)!AR@;/UH#3D?H'NZ.C"9LA.X!ZCF%0E,)ZW4/
MZG[*9'AEC_QN1$VYV^WH/22H4 **EH"BI5!HZN70"R74_;:+X3D"Z!LO0-%B
M4+0$%"V%0E/Y[444>N:]%^>+):GE/1:6FG*WH]&4F4YMI>>@3E,H-/5]5;U"
MPMP*R0],O8/JU-UNQPY-4+08%"T!14NAT-3+H9=G&) \PT#E&5"T&!0M 45+
MH=!4?GMYAOWEQWGV",J3G)8Z=;>CT90-<IJ .DVAT'9<3(_>D=N^,_E35GW)
MU[57B&<)[[\+Y+I2[5Y#O#MHRDWWVMRGLFG*5?=Q*3(Y\EH#^?US63;?#]HW
M\1Y>!GWU?U!+ P04    " "2,)A8[%6VQ/P$  !*%0  &@   'AL+W=O<FMS
M:&5E=',O<VAE970Q,#,N>&ULM5AM;^(X$/XK%G>ZZTK;)G;B..X"$H54B]12
M5+I[VH\&#$2;Q%SBEJYT/_Z<%P(D)H43]X6\,//,/,],G(G;&Q'_3%:<2_ >
M!E'2::VD7-\:1C);\9 E-V+-(_7/0L0AD^HR7AK).N9LGCF%@8%,TS%"YD>M
M;CN[-XZ[;?$J S_BXQ@DKV'(XE]W/!";3@NVMC>>_>5*IC>,;GO-EGS"Y;?U
M.%971HDR]T,>);Z(0,P7G58/WGH0IPZ9Q7>?;Y*]<Y!2F0KQ,[T8SCLM,\V(
M!WPF4PBF#F^\SX,@15)Y_%V MLJ8J>/^^1;]/B.OR$Q9POLB^,N?RU6GY;;
MG"_8:R"?Q>8K+PAE"<Y$D&2_8%/8FBTP>TVD" MGE4'H1_F1O1="[#D@=,0!
M%0[H5 >K<+!.=; +!_M4!UPX9-2-G'LFW(!)UFW'8@/BU%JAI2>9^IFWTLN/
MTD:9R%C]ZRL_V1WWGKW1"^@_/8Y[HQ_@:?3P0UV,!MYHX@W _7#4&_6'O0<P
M'-T_/3_V7H9/(W -^B*:JV;A<S"13'+5.#(!8@&>>:(*E)T^K7G,TEY(P-6
M2^8'R:>V(57*:6!C5J1WEZ>'CJ0'$7@4D5PEP%,1YX< AN):$D9;PG>H$7'
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MW)COV2IK(JO:.C9VS*K*=5-D865*X)'%'>Z^0&#C\'S*7%<@',QACJT&BNK
MUF^.=;9"];A8S7[(K(Y_N@0I)0XZUH.[V1\V#___:0(L,$\:!9KCGZV8)O*1
M>4%C^L'  '>?"K#Y6^&D>:G <$Y2J3'>V2II(A]3J6YZ3"5C;\\HY/$RVZQ+
MU-KT&LE\-Z6\6VX(]K)ML,K]NW2C,-N+VL'DNXR/+%[Z40("OE"0Y@U1V<7Y
MQEU^(<4ZVYF:"BE%F)VN.)OS.#50_R^$D-N+-$"Y?=K]%U!+ P04    " "2
M,)A8=!,'4/4%  !E&P  &@   'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970Q,#0N>&UL
MO5EI;]LX$/TKA'>Q2(&FYBF*;6(@L15L@,8)DG87_<C8M"U4EER)N8#]\3LZ
MXD.4%7OK[I=$Q\SC\ TY>F.>/"7I]VQFC$7/\RC.3CLS:Q<?N]UL-#-SG7U(
M%B:&-Y,DG6L+M^FTFRU2H\>%TSSJ4HR][ER'<:=W4CR[27LGR8.-PMC<I"A[
MF,]U^G)NHN3IM$,ZKP]NP^G,Y@^ZO9.%GIH[8[\N;E*XZRY1QN'<Q%F8Q"@U
MD]/.&?D8$)4[%!9_A>8I6[M&^53ND^1[?G,Y/NW@/"(3F9'-(33\>S1]$T4Y
M$L3QHP+M+,?,'=>O7]$OBLG#9.YU9OI)]'<XMK/3CM]!8S/1#Y&]39[^--6$
M1(XW2J*L^(N>*EO<0:.'S";SRADBF(=Q^5\_5T2L.5"ZQ8%6#G17!U8YL%T=
M>.7 =W40E4,Q]6XY]X*X@;:Z=Y(F3RC-K0$MORC8+[R!KS#.%\J=3>%M"'ZV
M=W-V&PR_H/[UU<W9\!NZ'G[^!C?#03"\"P;HXG)X-NQ?GGU&E\.+Z]NKLR^7
MUT-TC/I)/(;%8L8HL]H:6#@V0\D$C70V0Q-8?!DZ&ABKPRA[=]*U$&<^6G=4
MQ71>QD2WQ$0HNDIB.\M0 ,.,-P&Z,,'E+.GK+,]I*^+ C#X@1MXCBBE#?9CH
MT1^_$4]\:HJNOP_6U[L!.OJ]"6:P.PQ]*Z1@=RS2@K7!'5NN$%: LRW@JUS?
M;>2ZG^?Z(L]U4X9+3-Z,F5>_C]E"C\QI!\I;9M)'T^GE(>-/30DY)-C@D&#!
M@< V$L.7B>%MZ+TA?$:*#;=(D\<0-@JZ?T%'#WFFPO@=@F])JFT83\MB'-K0
M-&:J',0K!LD_*X\]Q2036-&3[N-Z%DI#N69(6+X'2,UPX"(>$TI\X3'.-DT#
MUY0Q3B27> 6Z08Y8DB-^AIPP?C39#N24@XBU^"CQ&,$2^S5V7$N&N>=)ZM78
M:3!4TE?$5ZI&CFMY3)7 PE>2-[/C+=GQ]F=G$L8Z'KW-B>>&)13C0DE9XZ3!
MTF?"E[C.28,AD5)YBO :)ZZE1[G'_"V$R"4ALI608#(!Y9*7-=!>("YB^/:F
MJ8E'+\@\CV8ZGAH$N\F@\AH*8%P0^+ZDT?QX"!]U5)1&'8]!064V#4<6B,W?
M-[$HG8G &H#]A&L<NG:$"L%4;?T-7#N&,6="UG9GX!H>^UQA)G$SA?Z20O_-
M-17&(U"KF8&+GZ3'=S>>4!YA4&]J!+F6S!.>D*S&Y* !TO>I3ZFSR)H@?0EE
M:4M14DN*5"M%_9TI0=HB.S/HWDS#.,[W)"S-_,&+T6D37\H)65+L40BZOJ!<
M2X()5[Y#P\"UY(PRSI6H[=_ M61*<,G6,3<8(WBE3_&!.3/PZ@VVJC'7 U8^
MIAP355]>E>GF9\_''E.\SE<#ZI8D! VF+K>;C*TI>M+*V*U9)*G5]Y%!G\U4
M1Z"B;5',T3_H1D-1LZ#?YPL=OS12TPJ^KW([*-K@H&C!H= VTT17::*_0%=7
MH(=*SR'1!@=%"PZ%MIF>5==#6K7[H=1U-<I&N>5,0:FIR^OV>/;.A3ON,67P
M7618U&N1:TJ%#PJ#;OG<D56'0GZJ1=E5A5>C;)#(F ^2V9%+[0'MS:([\+$2
MBH.R<BIZ0XR@5Z@46W056;4RY#_T,KNJ=>)V$9[@KHQJCV%OXAH:)XH9]NO*
MH2F\-D%/5BT.:>]Q_G])3]SFA&/&H;FK<]T:^=Y<N\-2HB1TW'7IWV!Y[$$S
M"UMI"]NK_HFT-U"'5?^DH>L1%'8[J8O4?GM<>W/9T!TIP:"5JC>W08,IIX00
M(<46,E>=%&EOI7YAGT#<WH;XO@#Q*QUF6X/<F]FF]HLI@ID@=68;3#F1RI=R
MFSA>=6#DT"W8+NV$<G_&XH3[F/GUGXG:P]N;5'?@+=D,&DQ=_DM2NVO'"7.3
M3HMSG R-DH?8EK^Y+Y\NSXK.BA.2VO/S_ RI.*98P90'4%<ZA06;H<A, !)_
MD)#LM#S3*6]LLB@.+>X3:Y-Y<3DS>FS2W #>3Y+$OM[D RQ/UGK_ E!+ P04
M    " "2,)A8U+7\=EX#  #2%0  #0   'AL+W-T>6QE<RYX;6S=6.UNVC 4
M?94H;:=6F@@A(Y 5D#:D2I.VJ5+[8_\J0QRPY#B9,1WL??8B>[+YVB%\U)?1
M_EAA02VVC\^YQ]<WB=O>3"TYO9M2JKQ%SL6L[T^5*M\'P6P\I3F9-8J2"HUD
MA<R)TETY"6:EI"2= 2GG0:O9C(.<,.$/>F*>W^1JYHV+N5!]OUL/>?;K4]KW
MP_B=[UFY89'2OO]P^>;[O%#7OW]YMG'V]NRL^7!U_02X-,B5'SAEVV[9<T3U
M_"#1^ #11E-?J+)!,?G.(:EH-/=DHX&+=P_SOL\Y)IUL2YOI%UK($B\06J?I
MH*VR]_=L=4(W_6*3;6,'524.>EDAU@49^79 JY.<>H^$]_TAX6PD&; RDC.^
MM,,M&!@7O)">TG>"#A?"R.RGA4/;@YNDTLF9**2);2/8WZ-J^@ZPZH%!QGEM
ML.7;@4&O)$I1*6YTQTPV@T\@KVK?+TOM<"+),FRU_37!?.D@HT*F5-9A0G\U
M-.AQFH$=R293^%9%&0"H5)'K1LK(I!#$>%@QJH:6'5/.[^ )\BW;TEYD&_MF
M-EW436VH:EH9VP']336KO2G;?I&N5[+'0GV<Z^4(TX?ZIK>29FQA^HNL-H"I
MA[@Z*4N^_,#91.34+O[@@(,>6?&\:2'93QT-2F6L!ZCTO4<J%1MOCOR0I+RG
M"[4JIT6&>VZ=H.=_F^<)%502OFE:U_XQ9_G%CJ/.:UDV3Y5=PTZ/U;'@V$VV
M3\%D? HF3Z(FNZ=@,CD!DYU7>VH^QV1X_":CX]SMH#JN;9P)MTZ$]:@')^^^
M_Q7.\7P=U!O-&5=,5+TI2U,JGAP,M;PB(_T'ZY:^GI_2C,RYNJ_!OK]N?Z$I
MF^=)/>L6$E'-6K<_P_+"N#[VZUA,I'1!TV'5E9.1:7JZH:-6%Q!VD1MSN1&,
M8S$W A@6!W. <2P+B_,_K:>+KL=BF+>N$^FBG"[*L2P7,C0?+(Z;D^C+O=(D
MB:(XQC(Z'#H=#+&\Q3'\N-4P;\# XD"DY^4:WVV\0O;7 ;:G^RH$6RE>B=A*
M\5P#XLX;,)+$O=M8'&!@NX#5#L1WQX&:<G.B"'85\X;=P3B2)!@"M>BNT3A&
MLA/#Q[T_V%T214GB1@!S.X@B#(&[$4<P!^ !0Z+(O =WWD?!ZCT5K/^+._@#
M4$L#!!0    ( )(PF%B7BKL<P    !,"   +    7W)E;',O+G)E;'.=DKEN
MPS ,0'_%T)XP!] AB#-E\18$^0%6H@_8$@6*19V_K]JE<9 +&7D]/!+<'FE
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M4F@5*<56D5)P%2E%5Y'^3UZ_3]/^'\<OSWBHN_$U/UG^XWKS$U!+ 0(4 Q0
M   ( )(PF%@'04UB@0   +$    0              "  0    !D;V-0<F]P
M<R]A<' N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86+<B\47N    *P(  !$
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M970R+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%C230:$O@8  "LE   8
M  " @88:  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T,RYX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2
M,)A8 &3WV/@(   A)P  &               @(%Z(0  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T
M<R]S:&5E=#0N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86*[UT5!U P  A L  !@
M         ("!J"H  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970U+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0
M   ( )(PF%BRX9LC40H   1L   8              " @5,N  !X;"]W;W)K
M<VAE971S+W-H965T-BYX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8'D)<XT<#  !S"@
M&               @(':.   >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#<N>&UL4$L!
M A0#%     @ DC"86#0-V)+-#   1CX  !@              ("!5SP  'AL
M+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970X+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%AN\;E]%Q<
M *A)   8              " @5I)  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T.2YX
M;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8^-8Y: DH   BB0  &0              @(&G
M8   >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#$P+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%CA
MH;$</@,  -L'   9              " @>>(  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H
M965T,3$N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86/2R%A$U P  3 @  !D
M     ("!7(P  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970Q,BYX;6Q02P$"% ,4
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M+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%AW>1R\P0(  *H&   9              "
M@9*?  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T,3<N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"8
M6(@E=L<V P  I <  !D              ("!BJ(  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O
M<VAE970Q."YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8F(8!&3$#  #I!P  &0
M        @('WI0  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#$Y+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0
M   ( )(PF%BT'=RB-@4   $,   9              " @5^I  !X;"]W;W)K
M<VAE971S+W-H965T,C N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86+!%=KJT @  CP8
M !D              ("!S*X  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970R,2YX;6Q0
M2P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8$N*:^LT#  #&"0  &0              @(&WL0
M>&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#(R+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%A-8290
MN0@  #(=   9              " @;NU  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T
M,C,N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86',E3)6S @  ?08  !D
M ("!J[X  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970R-"YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2
M,)A8O/+G_>80  "T+P  &0              @(&5P0  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T
M<R]S:&5E=#(U+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%@,VZ<Z=@0  &$-   9
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M970S,"YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8MD?N6MPY  #+U   &0
M    @($MZ@  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#,Q+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    (
M )(PF%@;ITOFK08  /(0   9              " @4 D 0!X;"]W;W)K<VAE
M971S+W-H965T,S(N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86 L,3$P&!P  8!L  !D
M             ("!)"L! 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970S,RYX;6Q02P$"
M% ,4    " "2,)A8$]F1;WL"  #:!0  &0              @(%A,@$ >&PO
M=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#,T+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%A ,VW0+P,
M ',(   9              " @1,U 0!X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T,S4N
M>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86,O;$ ., @  T04  !D              ("!
M>3@! 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970S-BYX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8
MN4ORIT,#  "#!P  &0              @($\.P$ >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S
M:&5E=#,W+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%CBG9U,0 0  *<*   9
M      " @;8^ 0!X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T,S@N>&UL4$L! A0#%
M  @ DC"86-_FVHP8!   7@P  !D              ("!+4,! 'AL+W=O<FMS
M:&5E=',O<VAE970S.2YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8YJ4]H+X"  !N!@
M&0              @(%\1P$ >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#0P+GAM;%!+
M 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%A]4#O^4 (  & %   9              " @7%* 0!X
M;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T-#$N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86#&W6R"P
M!   !0L  !D              ("!^$P! 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970T
M,BYX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8(ZQ35JX"  !'!@  &0
M@('?40$ >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#0S+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(P
MF%@/A*H(G 8  '(8   9              " @<14 0!X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S
M+W-H965T-#0N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86/C&A&R# @  QP4  !D
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M=#0Y+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%C'U@D;J08   @5   9
M  " @=ER 0!X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T-3 N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @
MDC"86*8WY8+4 @  H@8  !D              ("!N7D! 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E
M=',O<VAE970U,2YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8]9O;\;\0   4?P  &0
M            @('$? $ >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#4R+GAM;%!+ 0(4
M Q0    ( )(PF%A&)/S-&@(  &0$   9              " @;J- 0!X;"]W
M;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T-3,N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86%^D\Y+0!0
MPBD  !D              ("!"Y ! 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970U-"YX
M;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8%IK5<>8"  !>"P  &0              @($2
ME@$ >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#4U+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%B"
M!--2/P,  *T,   9              " @2^9 0!X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H
M965T-38N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86.VU%IY& P  <0T  !D
M     ("!I9P! 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970U-RYX;6Q02P$"% ,4
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M+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%BS8N_K&0,  *X(   9              "
M@=JQ 0!X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T-C(N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"8
M6->2"%=F!@  #C8  !D              ("!*K4! 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O
M<VAE970V,RYX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8C-U73CH"  #4!   &0
M        @(''NP$ >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#8T+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0
M   ( )(PF%CVI6DR(0,  *H)   9              " @3B^ 0!X;"]W;W)K
M<VAE971S+W-H965T-C4N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86%<*\E=R @  90<
M !D              ("!D,$! 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970V-BYX;6Q0
M2P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8#:JXNO "   9"P  &0              @($YQ $
M>&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#8W+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%@P2)2Y
M$P,  )D)   9              " @6#' 0!X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T
M-C@N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86*]O01)S P  D@X  !D
M ("!JLH! 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970V.2YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2
M,)A8\T9D+98#  #N#   &0              @(%4S@$ >&PO=V]R:W-H965T
M<R]S:&5E=#<P+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%A[1JO5J@0  *(=   9
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M970W-2YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8@O>3?L$,  #$RP  &0
M    @(%FZ $ >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#<V+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    (
M )(PF%BDQ6"TQ0,  $<8   9              " @5[U 0!X;"]W;W)K<VAE
M971S+W-H965T-S<N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86(L S0!!!   )Q   !D
M             ("!6OD! 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970W."YX;6Q02P$"
M% ,4    " "2,)A8*1%)W<4#  "8%   &0              @('2_0$ >&PO
M=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#<Y+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%A$$A:8:0,
M #<*   9              " @<X! @!X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T.# N
M>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86(68= #1 @  &0D  !D              ("!
M;@4" 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970X,2YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8
MGK_@VBD$   8&0  &0              @(%V" ( >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S
M:&5E=#@R+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%B@^->0[@<  &],   9
M      " @=8, @!X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T.#,N>&UL4$L! A0#%
M  @ DC"86)[(6C*\!   'QH  !D              ("!^Q0" 'AL+W=O<FMS
M:&5E=',O<VAE970X-"YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8XNR-F$P#   F"P
M&0              @('N&0( >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#@U+GAM;%!+
M 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%B9CL_R]08  /4W   9              " @7$= @!X
M;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T.#8N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86.NJJSJ_
M @  (0H  !D              ("!G20" 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970X
M-RYX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8OM&X]WL%  "/,   &0
M@(&3)P( >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#@X+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(P
MF%@9N:C!%P8  +LG   9              " @44M @!X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S
M+W-H965T.#DN>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86(,APD)M!0  )AD  !D
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M=#DT+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( )(PF%C_'*X>I00  - 4   9
M  " @7]' @!X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T.34N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @
MDC"86 NIJ3+" @  10D  !D              ("!6TP" 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E
M=',O<VAE970Y-BYX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A88\O <]T#   ]%   &0
M            @(%43P( >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#DW+GAM;%!+ 0(4
M Q0    ( )(PF%A-7$ SQP,  !,4   9              " @6A3 @!X;"]W
M;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T.3@N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86 [/?5C. @
MD0@  !D              ("!9E<" 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970Y.2YX
M;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8,)?;[% %  !E&   &@              @(%K
M6@( >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#$P,"YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8
M[>\E>[\"  !;"   &@              @('S7P( >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S
M:&5E=#$P,2YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8+\7P,*(*   86@  &@
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M2P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8\0BR^?("   ;/0  &@              @ $BA0(
M>&PO7W)E;',O=V]R:V)O;VLN>&UL+G)E;'-02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A895'I
M;V8"  #K.@  $P              @ %,B ( 6T-O;G1E;G1?5'EP97-=+GAM
7;%!+!08     < !P ,P>  #CB@(    !

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>123
<FILENAME>Show.js
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
// Edgar(tm) Renderer was created by staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.  Data and content created by government employees within the scope of their employment are not subject to domestic copyright protection. 17 U.S.C. 105.
var Show={};Show.LastAR=null,Show.showAR=function(a,r,w){if(Show.LastAR)Show.hideAR();var e=a;while(e&&e.nodeName!='TABLE')e=e.nextSibling;if(!e||e.nodeName!='TABLE'){var ref=((window)?w.document:document).getElementById(r);if(ref){e=ref.cloneNode(!0);
e.removeAttribute('id');a.parentNode.appendChild(e)}}
if(e)e.style.display='block';Show.LastAR=e};Show.hideAR=function(){Show.LastAR.style.display='none'};Show.toggleNext=function(a){var e=a;while(e.nodeName!='DIV')e=e.nextSibling;if(!e.style){}else if(!e.style.display){}else{var d,p_;if(e.style.display=='none'){d='block';p='-'}else{d='none';p='+'}
e.style.display=d;if(a.textContent){a.textContent=p+a.textContent.substring(1)}else{a.innerText=p+a.innerText.substring(1)}}}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>124
<FILENAME>report.css
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
/* Updated 2009-11-04 */
/* v2.2.0.24 */

/* DefRef Styles */
..report table.authRefData{
	background-color: #def;
	border: 2px solid #2F4497;
	font-size: 1em;
	position: absolute;
}

..report table.authRefData a {
	display: block;
	font-weight: bold;
}

..report table.authRefData p {
	margin-top: 0px;
}

..report table.authRefData .hide {
	background-color: #2F4497;
	padding: 1px 3px 0px 0px;
	text-align: right;
}

..report table.authRefData .hide a:hover {
	background-color: #2F4497;
}

..report table.authRefData .body {
	height: 150px;
	overflow: auto;
	width: 400px;
}

..report table.authRefData table{
	font-size: 1em;
}

/* Report Styles */
..pl a, .pl a:visited {
	color: black;
	text-decoration: none;
}

/* table */
..report {
	background-color: white;
	border: 2px solid #acf;
	clear: both;
	color: black;
	font: normal 8pt Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;
	margin-bottom: 2em;
}

..report hr {
	border: 1px solid #acf;
}

/* Top labels */
..report th {
	background-color: #acf;
	color: black;
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: center;
}

..report th.void	{
	background-color: transparent;
	color: #000000;
	font: bold 10pt Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;
	text-align: left;
}

..report .pl {
	text-align: left;
	vertical-align: top;
	white-space: normal;
	width: 200px;
	white-space: normal; /* word-wrap: break-word; */
}

..report td.pl a.a {
	cursor: pointer;
	display: block;
	width: 200px;
	overflow: hidden;
}

..report td.pl div.a {
	width: 200px;
}

..report td.pl a:hover {
	background-color: #ffc;
}

/* Header rows... */
..report tr.rh {
	background-color: #acf;
	color: black;
	font-weight: bold;
}

/* Calendars... */
..report .rc {
	background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

/* Even rows... */
..report .re, .report .reu {
	background-color: #def;
}

..report .reu td {
	border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

/* Odd rows... */
..report .ro, .report .rou {
	background-color: white;
}

..report .rou td {
	border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

..report .rou table td, .report .reu table td {
	border-bottom: 0px solid black;
}

/* styles for footnote marker */
..report .fn {
	white-space: nowrap;
}

/* styles for numeric types */
..report .num, .report .nump {
	text-align: right;
	white-space: nowrap;
}

..report .nump {
	padding-left: 2em;
}

..report .nump {
	padding: 0px 0.4em 0px 2em;
}

/* styles for text types */
..report .text {
	text-align: left;
	white-space: normal;
}

..report .text .big {
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	width: 17em;
}

..report .text .more {
	display: none;
}

..report .text .note {
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: bold;
}

..report .text .small {
	width: 10em;
}

..report sup {
	font-style: italic;
}

..report .outerFootnotes {
	font-size: 1em;
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>126
<FILENAME>FilingSummary.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<FilingSummary>
  <Version>3.24.1.u1</Version>
  <ProcessingTime/>
  <ReportFormat>html</ReportFormat>
  <ContextCount>293</ContextCount>
  <ElementCount>442</ElementCount>
  <EntityCount>1</EntityCount>
  <FootnotesReported>false</FootnotesReported>
  <SegmentCount>86</SegmentCount>
  <ScenarioCount>0</ScenarioCount>
  <TuplesReported>false</TuplesReported>
  <UnitCount>11</UnitCount>
  <MyReports>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R1.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>00090 - Document - Document and Entity Information</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation</Role>
      <ShortName>Document and Entity Information</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Cover</MenuCategory>
      <Position>1</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R2.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>00100 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets</Role>
      <ShortName>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Statements</MenuCategory>
      <Position>2</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R3.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>00105 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical</Role>
      <ShortName>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Statements</MenuCategory>
      <Position>3</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R4.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>00200 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss</Role>
      <ShortName>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Statements</MenuCategory>
      <Position>4</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R5.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>00205 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeParenthetical</Role>
      <ShortName>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Statements</MenuCategory>
      <Position>5</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R6.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>00300 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity</Role>
      <ShortName>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Statements</MenuCategory>
      <Position>6</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R7.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>00305 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquityParenthetical</Role>
      <ShortName>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Statements</MenuCategory>
      <Position>7</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R8.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>00400 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows</Role>
      <ShortName>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Statements</MenuCategory>
      <Position>8</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R9.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>10101 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivities</Role>
      <ShortName>DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>9</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R10.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>10201 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>10</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R11.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>10301 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestments</Role>
      <ShortName>SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>11</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R12.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>10401 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNet</Role>
      <ShortName>ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>12</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R13.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>10501 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventories</Role>
      <ShortName>INVENTORIES</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>13</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R14.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>10601 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssets</Role>
      <ShortName>PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>14</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R15.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>10701 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</Role>
      <ShortName>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>15</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R16.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>10801 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNet</Role>
      <ShortName>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>16</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R17.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>10901 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssets</Role>
      <ShortName>OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>17</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R18.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>11001 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowings</Role>
      <ShortName>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>18</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R19.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>11101 - Disclosure - NOTES PAYABLE</LongName>
      <ReportType>Notes</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayable</Role>
      <ShortName>NOTES PAYABLE</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>19</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R20.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>11201 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities</Role>
      <ShortName>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>20</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R21.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>11301 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilities</Role>
      <ShortName>OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>21</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R22.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>11401 - Disclosure - ORDINARY SHARE</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShare</Role>
      <ShortName>ORDINARY SHARE</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>22</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R23.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>11501 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensation</Role>
      <ShortName>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>23</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R24.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>11601 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurement</Role>
      <ShortName>FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>24</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R25.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>11701 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTax</Role>
      <ShortName>INCOME TAX</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>25</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R26.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>11801 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShare</Role>
      <ShortName>NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>26</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R27.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>11901 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformation</Role>
      <ShortName>REVENUE INFORMATION</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>27</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R28.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>12001 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeases</Role>
      <ShortName>OPERATING LEASES</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>28</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R29.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>12101 - Disclosure - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingencies</Role>
      <ShortName>COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>29</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R30.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>12201 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformation</Role>
      <ShortName>PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>30</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R31.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>20202 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Policies</MenuCategory>
      <Position>31</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R32.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>30103 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesTables</Role>
      <ShortName>DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivities</ParentRole>
      <Position>32</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R33.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>30203 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies</ParentRole>
      <Position>33</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R34.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>30303 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsTables</Role>
      <ShortName>SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestments</ParentRole>
      <Position>34</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R35.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>30403 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetTables</Role>
      <ShortName>ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNet</ParentRole>
      <Position>35</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R36.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>30503 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesTables</Role>
      <ShortName>INVENTORIES (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventories</ParentRole>
      <Position>36</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R37.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>30603 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsTables</Role>
      <ShortName>PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssets</ParentRole>
      <Position>37</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R38.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>30703 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetTables</Role>
      <ShortName>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</ParentRole>
      <Position>38</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R39.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>30803 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetTables</Role>
      <ShortName>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNet</ParentRole>
      <Position>39</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R40.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>30903 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsTables</Role>
      <ShortName>OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssets</ParentRole>
      <Position>40</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R41.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>31003 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsTables</Role>
      <ShortName>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowings</ParentRole>
      <Position>41</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R42.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>31203 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables</Role>
      <ShortName>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities</ParentRole>
      <Position>42</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R43.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>31303 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesTables</Role>
      <ShortName>OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilities</ParentRole>
      <Position>43</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R44.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>31503 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables</Role>
      <ShortName>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensation</ParentRole>
      <Position>44</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R45.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>31603 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementTables</Role>
      <ShortName>FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurement</ParentRole>
      <Position>45</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R46.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>31703 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxTables</Role>
      <ShortName>INCOME TAX (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTax</ParentRole>
      <Position>46</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R47.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>31803 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareTables</Role>
      <ShortName>NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShare</ParentRole>
      <Position>47</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R48.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>31903 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationTables</Role>
      <ShortName>REVENUE INFORMATION (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformation</ParentRole>
      <Position>48</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R49.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>32003 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesTables</Role>
      <ShortName>OPERATING LEASES (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeases</ParentRole>
      <Position>49</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R50.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>32203 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationTables</Role>
      <ShortName>PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformation</ParentRole>
      <Position>50</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R51.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40101 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Principal terms of VIE Agreements (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesPrincipalTermsOfVieAgreementsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Principal terms of VIE Agreements (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>51</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R52.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40102 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Group's VIE information (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Group's VIE information (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>52</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R53.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40201 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Convenience translation (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConvenienceTranslationDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Convenience translation (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>53</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R54.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40202 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Cash and cash equivalents (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Cash and cash equivalents (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>54</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R55.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40203 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Term Deposits (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Term Deposits (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>55</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R56.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40204 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Restricted cash (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Restricted cash (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>56</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R57.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40205 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Short-term investments (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Short-term investments (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>57</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R58.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40206 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Property, plant and equipment, net (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Property, plant and equipment, net (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>58</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R59.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40207 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Leases, Impairment of Long-lived Assets (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesLeasesImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Leases, Impairment of Long-lived Assets (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>59</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R60.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40208 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Value added taxes, Revenue recognition (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Value added taxes, Revenue recognition (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>60</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R61.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40209 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Contract Balances (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesContractBalancesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Contract Balances (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>61</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R62.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40210 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Selling and Marketing Expenses, Government Grants, Employee Benefits (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSellingAndMarketingExpensesGovernmentGrantsEmployeeBenefitsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Selling and Marketing Expenses, Government Grants, Employee Benefits (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>62</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R63.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40211 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Concentration and risk (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Concentration and risk (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>63</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R64.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40212 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Segment Reporting (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSegmentReportingDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Segment Reporting (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>64</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R65.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40213 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Statutory Reserves (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesStatutoryReservesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Statutory Reserves (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>65</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R66.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40301 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>66</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R67.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40401 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Summary (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Summary (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>67</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R68.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40402 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetMovementOfAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>68</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R69.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40501 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>INVENTORIES (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>69</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R70.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40601 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>70</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R71.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40701 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Summary (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Summary (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>71</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R72.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40702 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Depreciation expense (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Depreciation expense (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>72</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R73.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40801 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Summary (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Summary (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>73</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R74.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40802 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Amortization expense on intangible assets (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Amortization expense on intangible assets (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>74</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R75.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>40901 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>75</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R76.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41001 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>76</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R77.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41101 - Disclosure - NOTES PAYABLE (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Notes</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>NOTES PAYABLE (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayable</ParentRole>
      <Position>77</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R78.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41201 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Summary (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Summary (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>78</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R79.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41202 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Warranty terms (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Warranty terms (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>79</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R80.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41203 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Movement of provision (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMovementOfProvisionDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Movement of provision (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>80</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R81.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41301 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>81</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R82.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41401 - Disclosure - ORDINARY SHARE (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>ORDINARY SHARE (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShare</ParentRole>
      <Position>82</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R83.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41501 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>83</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R84.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41502 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Share option activities (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Share option activities (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>84</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R85.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41503 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Restricted share units activities (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Restricted share units activities (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>85</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R86.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41504 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Compensation costs (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Compensation costs (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>86</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R87.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41601 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT - Fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT - Fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>87</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R88.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41701 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Summary (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>INCOME TAX - Summary (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>88</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R89.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41702 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Components of income (loss) before income taxes and withholding tax on undistributed dividends (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>INCOME TAX - Components of income (loss) before income taxes and withholding tax on undistributed dividends (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>89</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R90.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41703 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Reconciliation of differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>INCOME TAX - Reconciliation of differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>90</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R91.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41704 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>INCOME TAX - Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>91</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R92.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41705 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Operating loss carry forwards (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>INCOME TAX - Operating loss carry forwards (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>92</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R93.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41706 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Changes in valuation allowance (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxChangesInValuationAllowanceDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>INCOME TAX - Changes in valuation allowance (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>93</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R94.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41707 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxPrcTaxAdministrationAndCollectionLawDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>INCOME TAX - PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>94</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R95.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41801 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computation (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computation (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>95</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R96.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41802 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Antidilutive securities (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Antidilutive securities (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>96</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R97.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41901 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION - Disaggregation of revenue (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>REVENUE INFORMATION - Disaggregation of revenue (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>97</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R98.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>41902 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION - Revenues based on geographic areas (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>REVENUE INFORMATION - Revenues based on geographic areas (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>98</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R99.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>42001 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Summary (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSummaryDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>OPERATING LEASES - Summary (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>99</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R100.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>42002 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Supplemental information related to operating leases (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>OPERATING LEASES - Supplemental information related to operating leases (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>100</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R101.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>42003 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>OPERATING LEASES - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>101</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R102.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>42201 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Balance Sheets (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Balance Sheets (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>102</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R103.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>42202 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Statements of Results of Operations (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Statements of Results of Operations (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>103</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="niu-20231231x20f.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R104.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>42203 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed statements of cash flows (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed statements of cash flows (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <Position>104</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report>
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <LongName>All Reports</LongName>
      <ReportType>Book</ReportType>
      <ShortName>All Reports</ShortName>
    </Report>
  </MyReports>
  <Logs>
    <Log type="Warning">[ix-0514-Hidden-Fact-Eligible-For-Transform] WARN: 23 fact(s) appearing in ix:hidden were eligible for transformation: dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate, dei:TradingSymbol, niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent, niu:MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod, niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm, us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued, us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding, us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm, us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife, us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife, us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1 -  niu-20231231x20f.htm 9</Log>
    <Log type="Warning">[ix-0514-Hidden-Fact-Not-Referenced] WARN: 4 fact(s) appearing in ix:hidden were not referenced by any -sec-ix-hidden style property: us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingencies, us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList -  niu-20231231x20f.htm 9</Log>
  </Logs>
  <InputFiles>
    <File>niu-20231231.xsd</File>
    <File>niu-20231231_cal.xml</File>
    <File>niu-20231231_def.xml</File>
    <File>niu-20231231_lab.xml</File>
    <File>niu-20231231_pre.xml</File>
    <File doctype="20-F" isDefinitelyFs="true" isUsgaap="true" original="niu-20231231x20f.htm">niu-20231231x20f.htm</File>
  </InputFiles>
  <SupplementalFiles>
    <File>niu-20231231x20f001.jpg</File>
    <File>niu-20231231x20f005.jpg</File>
  </SupplementalFiles>
  <BaseTaxonomies>
    <BaseTaxonomy items="3">http://fasb.org/srt/2022</BaseTaxonomy>
    <BaseTaxonomy items="1231">http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022</BaseTaxonomy>
    <BaseTaxonomy items="46">http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022</BaseTaxonomy>
  </BaseTaxonomies>
  <HasPresentationLinkbase>true</HasPresentationLinkbase>
  <HasCalculationLinkbase>true</HasCalculationLinkbase>
</FilingSummary>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>JSON
<SEQUENCE>129
<FILENAME>MetaLinks.json
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
{
 "version": "2.2",
 "instance": {
  "niu-20231231x20f.htm": {
   "nsprefix": "niu",
   "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
   "dts": {
    "schema": {
     "local": [
      "niu-20231231.xsd"
     ],
     "remote": [
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xl-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xlink-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref-2006-02-27.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/arcrole/esma-arcrole-2018-11-21.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/reference-2009-12-16.xsd",
      "https://www.xbrl.org/2020/extensible-enumerations-2.0.xsd",
      "https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-roles-2022.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-types-2022.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-roles-2022.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-types-2022.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd"
     ]
    },
    "calculationLink": {
     "local": [
      "niu-20231231_cal.xml"
     ]
    },
    "definitionLink": {
     "local": [
      "niu-20231231_def.xml"
     ]
    },
    "labelLink": {
     "local": [
      "niu-20231231_lab.xml"
     ]
    },
    "presentationLink": {
     "local": [
      "niu-20231231_pre.xml"
     ]
    },
    "inline": {
     "local": [
      "niu-20231231x20f.htm"
     ]
    }
   },
   "keyStandard": 358,
   "keyCustom": 84,
   "axisStandard": 31,
   "axisCustom": 0,
   "memberStandard": 57,
   "memberCustom": 27,
   "hidden": {
    "total": 32,
    "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022": 20,
    "http://www.niu.com/20231231": 6,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022": 6
   },
   "contextCount": 293,
   "entityCount": 1,
   "segmentCount": 86,
   "elementCount": 692,
   "unitCount": 11,
   "baseTaxonomies": {
    "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022": 1231,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022": 46,
    "http://fasb.org/srt/2022": 3
   },
   "report": {
    "R1": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation",
     "longName": "00090 - Document - Document and Entity Information",
     "shortName": "Document and Entity Information",
     "isDefault": "true",
     "groupType": "document",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Cover",
     "order": "1",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "dei:DocumentType",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "dei:DocumentType",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R2": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
     "longName": "00100 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS",
     "shortName": "CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "statement",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Statements",
     "order": "2",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "niu:ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R3": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical",
     "longName": "00105 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical)",
     "shortName": "CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "statement",
     "subGroupType": "parenthetical",
     "menuCat": "Statements",
     "order": "3",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA",
      "name": "us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "span",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R4": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss",
     "longName": "00200 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)",
     "shortName": "CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "statement",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Statements",
     "order": "4",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:GrossProfit",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R5": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeParenthetical",
     "longName": "00205 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical)",
     "shortName": "CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "statement",
     "subGroupType": "parenthetical",
     "menuCat": "Statements",
     "order": "5",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": null
    },
    "R6": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity",
     "longName": "00300 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY",
     "shortName": "CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "statement",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Statements",
     "order": "6",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_kfnz2g0yg0OwBh95Oxo-wg",
      "name": "us-gaap:StockholdersEquity",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_kfnz2g0yg0OwBh95Oxo-wg",
      "name": "us-gaap:StockholdersEquity",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R7": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquityParenthetical",
     "longName": "00305 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical)",
     "shortName": "CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "statement",
     "subGroupType": "parenthetical",
     "menuCat": "Statements",
     "order": "7",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": null
    },
    "R8": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows",
     "longName": "00400 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS",
     "shortName": "CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "statement",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Statements",
     "order": "8",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ProfitLoss",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ProfitLoss",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R9": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivities",
     "longName": "10101 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES",
     "shortName": "DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "9",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R10": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies",
     "longName": "10201 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "10",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R11": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestments",
     "longName": "10301 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS",
     "shortName": "SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "11",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R12": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNet",
     "longName": "10401 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET",
     "shortName": "ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "12",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R13": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventories",
     "longName": "10501 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES",
     "shortName": "INVENTORIES",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "13",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:InventoryDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:InventoryDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R14": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssets",
     "longName": "10601 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS",
     "shortName": "PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "14",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R15": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet",
     "longName": "10701 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET",
     "shortName": "PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "15",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R16": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNet",
     "longName": "10801 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET",
     "shortName": "INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "16",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R17": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssets",
     "longName": "10901 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS",
     "shortName": "OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "17",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R18": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowings",
     "longName": "11001 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS",
     "shortName": "SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "18",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R19": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayable",
     "longName": "11101 - Disclosure - NOTES PAYABLE",
     "shortName": "NOTES PAYABLE",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "19",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:NotesPayableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:NotesPayableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R20": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities",
     "longName": "11201 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES",
     "shortName": "ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "20",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R21": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilities",
     "longName": "11301 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES",
     "shortName": "OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "21",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R22": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShare",
     "longName": "11401 - Disclosure - ORDINARY SHARE",
     "shortName": "ORDINARY SHARE",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "22",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R23": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensation",
     "longName": "11501 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION",
     "shortName": "SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "23",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R24": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurement",
     "longName": "11601 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT",
     "shortName": "FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "24",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R25": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTax",
     "longName": "11701 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX",
     "shortName": "INCOME TAX",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "25",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R26": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShare",
     "longName": "11801 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE",
     "shortName": "NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "26",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R27": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformation",
     "longName": "11901 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION",
     "shortName": "REVENUE INFORMATION",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "27",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R28": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeases",
     "longName": "12001 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES",
     "shortName": "OPERATING LEASES",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "28",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R29": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingencies",
     "longName": "12101 - Disclosure - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES",
     "shortName": "COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "29",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R30": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformation",
     "longName": "12201 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION",
     "shortName": "PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Notes",
     "order": "30",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R31": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies",
     "longName": "20202 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "policies",
     "menuCat": "Policies",
     "order": "31",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R32": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesTables",
     "longName": "30103 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (Tables)",
     "shortName": "DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "32",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R33": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables",
     "longName": "30203 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "33",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R34": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsTables",
     "longName": "30303 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Tables)",
     "shortName": "SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "34",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R35": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetTables",
     "longName": "30403 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET (Tables)",
     "shortName": "ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "35",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R36": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesTables",
     "longName": "30503 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES (Tables)",
     "shortName": "INVENTORIES (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "36",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:InventoryDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:InventoryDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R37": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsTables",
     "longName": "30603 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)",
     "shortName": "PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "37",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "niu:PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "niu:PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R38": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetTables",
     "longName": "30703 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)",
     "shortName": "PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "38",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R39": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetTables",
     "longName": "30803 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Tables)",
     "shortName": "INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "39",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R40": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsTables",
     "longName": "30903 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)",
     "shortName": "OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "40",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "niu:OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "niu:OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R41": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsTables",
     "longName": "31003 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Tables)",
     "shortName": "SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "41",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R42": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables",
     "longName": "31203 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)",
     "shortName": "ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "42",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R43": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesTables",
     "longName": "31303 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)",
     "shortName": "OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "43",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R44": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables",
     "longName": "31503 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)",
     "shortName": "SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "44",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R45": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementTables",
     "longName": "31603 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (Tables)",
     "shortName": "FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "45",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R46": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxTables",
     "longName": "31703 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX (Tables)",
     "shortName": "INCOME TAX (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "46",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R47": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareTables",
     "longName": "31803 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE (Tables)",
     "shortName": "NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "47",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R48": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationTables",
     "longName": "31903 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION (Tables)",
     "shortName": "REVENUE INFORMATION (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "48",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R49": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesTables",
     "longName": "32003 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES (Tables)",
     "shortName": "OPERATING LEASES (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "49",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R50": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationTables",
     "longName": "32203 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Tables)",
     "shortName": "PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Tables)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "tables",
     "menuCat": "Tables",
     "order": "50",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R51": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesPrincipalTermsOfVieAgreementsDetails",
     "longName": "40101 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Principal terms of VIE Agreements (Details)",
     "shortName": "DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Principal terms of VIE Agreements (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "51",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "2",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "2",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R52": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
     "longName": "40102 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Group's VIE information (Details)",
     "shortName": "DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Group's VIE information (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "52",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "niu:TermDepositsWithBanks",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "niu:ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock",
       "niu:TermDepositPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow",
      "name": "us-gaap:Cash",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R53": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConvenienceTranslationDetails",
     "longName": "40201 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Convenience translation (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Convenience translation (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "53",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Divide_USD_CNY_RVcVlFY3UUSeUmwjiZTf2g",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "4",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "niu:ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Divide_USD_CNY_RVcVlFY3UUSeUmwjiZTf2g",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "4",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "niu:ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R54": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails",
     "longName": "40202 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Cash and cash equivalents (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Cash and cash equivalents (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "54",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_gn-Bnv17zkOVABH1rouxKw",
      "name": "us-gaap:MaturityOfTimeDeposits",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_gn-Bnv17zkOVABH1rouxKw",
      "name": "us-gaap:MaturityOfTimeDeposits",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R55": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails",
     "longName": "40203 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Term Deposits (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Term Deposits (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "55",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "niu:TermDepositsWithBanks",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "niu:ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock",
       "niu:TermDepositPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_DjNYBvMGskmq7DsTHBthuA",
      "name": "niu:TermDepositsWithBanks",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "niu:ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock",
       "niu:TermDepositPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R56": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails",
     "longName": "40204 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Restricted cash (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Restricted cash (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "56",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "niu:ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": null
    },
    "R57": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails",
     "longName": "40205 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Short-term investments (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Short-term investments (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "57",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:InvestmentPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_XLHgDLneWkKDzWNyCsoCNg",
      "name": "us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:InvestmentPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R58": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails",
     "longName": "40206 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Property, plant and equipment, net (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Property, plant and equipment, net (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "58",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_JszbtrYYvUqldszPj65sPA",
      "name": "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "niu:ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_JszbtrYYvUqldszPj65sPA",
      "name": "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "niu:ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R59": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesLeasesImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsDetails",
     "longName": "40207 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Leases, Impairment of Long-lived Assets (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Leases, Impairment of Long-lived Assets (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "59",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "ix:continuation",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "ix:continuation",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R60": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails",
     "longName": "40208 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Value added taxes, Revenue recognition (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Value added taxes, Revenue recognition (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "60",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:CostOfRevenue",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "ix:continuation",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R61": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesContractBalancesDetails",
     "longName": "40209 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Contract Balances (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Contract Balances (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "61",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g",
      "name": "us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock",
       "niu:ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ",
      "name": "us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock",
       "niu:ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R62": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSellingAndMarketingExpensesGovernmentGrantsEmployeeBenefitsDetails",
     "longName": "40210 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Selling and Marketing Expenses, Government Grants, Employee Benefits (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Selling and Marketing Expenses, Government Grants, Employee Benefits (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "62",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R63": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails",
     "longName": "40211 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Concentration and risk (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Concentration and risk (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "63",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_Wq0ylAZUX0O6he62ZyXAVA",
      "name": "us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "ix:continuation",
       "ix:continuation",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R64": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSegmentReportingDetails",
     "longName": "40212 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Segment Reporting (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Segment Reporting (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "64",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:NumberOfOperatingSegments",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_segment_LqP1yNnIskebLGUoRsBMyg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:NumberOfOperatingSegments",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_segment_LqP1yNnIskebLGUoRsBMyg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R65": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesStatutoryReservesDetails",
     "longName": "40213 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Statutory Reserves (Details)",
     "shortName": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Statutory Reserves (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "65",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "niu:AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "2",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "niu:StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "niu:AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "2",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "niu:StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R66": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails",
     "longName": "40301 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Details)",
     "shortName": "SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "66",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g",
      "name": "us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g",
      "name": "us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R67": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails",
     "longName": "40401 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Summary (Details)",
     "shortName": "ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Summary (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "67",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R68": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetMovementOfAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsDetails",
     "longName": "40402 - Disclosure - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts (Details)",
     "shortName": "ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "68",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g",
      "name": "us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg",
      "name": "us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R69": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails",
     "longName": "40501 - Disclosure - INVENTORIES (Details)",
     "shortName": "INVENTORIES (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "69",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:InventoryDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:InventoryDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R70": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails",
     "longName": "40601 - Disclosure - PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Details)",
     "shortName": "PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "70",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:PrepaidTaxes",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "niu:PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:PrepaidTaxes",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "niu:PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R71": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails",
     "longName": "40701 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Summary (Details)",
     "shortName": "PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Summary (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "71",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R72": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails",
     "longName": "40702 - Disclosure - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Depreciation expense (Details)",
     "shortName": "PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Depreciation expense (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "72",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:Depreciation",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "niu:DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:Depreciation",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "niu:DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R73": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails",
     "longName": "40801 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Summary (Details)",
     "shortName": "INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Summary (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "73",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R74": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails",
     "longName": "40802 - Disclosure - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Amortization expense on intangible assets (Details)",
     "shortName": "INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Amortization expense on intangible assets (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "74",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R75": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails",
     "longName": "40901 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Details)",
     "shortName": "OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "75",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g",
      "name": "niu:PrepaidInvestmentInEquity",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock",
       "niu:OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g",
      "name": "niu:PrepaidInvestmentInEquity",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock",
       "niu:OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R76": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails",
     "longName": "41001 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Details)",
     "shortName": "SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "76",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g",
      "name": "us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_12_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_dUwIg93lHEu7MKrW8pO9wg",
      "name": "us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit",
       "us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit",
       "p",
       "us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R77": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails",
     "longName": "41101 - Disclosure - NOTES PAYABLE (Details)",
     "shortName": "NOTES PAYABLE (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "77",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_4_1_2022_To_4_30_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_GAjx6TzH00Ox4WvExfefNA",
      "name": "us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "niu:NotesPayableTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_tzgSGhuRvESa9cNqLDbS0g",
      "name": "us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "niu:NotesPayableTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R78": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails",
     "longName": "41201 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Summary (Details)",
     "shortName": "ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Summary (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "78",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "niu:AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "niu:ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
       "niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "niu:AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "niu:ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
       "niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R79": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails",
     "longName": "41202 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Warranty terms (Details)",
     "shortName": "ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Warranty terms (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "79",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_S51lqJ1k80Cx3W0O0eqiPA",
      "name": "niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_km_G4bPJzouEEOIHAgPfLXtAg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_S51lqJ1k80Cx3W0O0eqiPA",
      "name": "niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_km_G4bPJzouEEOIHAgPfLXtAg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R80": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMovementOfProvisionDetails",
     "longName": "41203 - Disclosure - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Movement of provision (Details)",
     "shortName": "ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Movement of provision (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "80",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g",
      "name": "us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock",
       "niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw",
      "name": "us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock",
       "niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R81": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails",
     "longName": "41301 - Disclosure - OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Details)",
     "shortName": "OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "81",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R82": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails",
     "longName": "41401 - Disclosure - ORDINARY SHARE (Details)",
     "shortName": "ORDINARY SHARE (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "82",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:AuthorizedShareCapital",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:AuthorizedShareCapital",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R83": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails",
     "longName": "41501 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details)",
     "shortName": "SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "83",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_AxIkC0k8kESiFASLwmE5FQ",
      "name": "us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_AxIkC0k8kESiFASLwmE5FQ",
      "name": "us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R84": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails",
     "longName": "41502 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Share option activities (Details)",
     "shortName": "SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Share option activities (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "84",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Z7U0b2Nea0uyto0FnSt8lA",
      "name": "us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww",
      "name": "us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R85": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails",
     "longName": "41503 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Restricted share units activities (Details)",
     "shortName": "SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Restricted share units activities (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "85",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_4L8d61shKEy2SU4c66_JXA",
      "name": "us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_4L8d61shKEy2SU4c66_JXA",
      "name": "us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R86": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails",
     "longName": "41504 - Disclosure - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Compensation costs (Details)",
     "shortName": "SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Compensation costs (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "86",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R87": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails",
     "longName": "41601 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT - Fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities (Details)",
     "shortName": "FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT - Fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "87",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g",
      "name": "us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g",
      "name": "us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R88": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails",
     "longName": "41701 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Summary (Details)",
     "shortName": "INCOME TAX - Summary (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "88",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_fx6z95hMY0a2QsSib8CUWQ",
      "name": "us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_fx6z95hMY0a2QsSib8CUWQ",
      "name": "us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R89": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails",
     "longName": "41702 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Components of income (loss) before income taxes and withholding tax on undistributed dividends (Details)",
     "shortName": "INCOME TAX - Components of income (loss) before income taxes and withholding tax on undistributed dividends (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "89",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R90": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails",
     "longName": "41703 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Reconciliation of differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate (Details)",
     "shortName": "INCOME TAX - Reconciliation of differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "90",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R91": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails",
     "longName": "41704 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities (Details)",
     "shortName": "INCOME TAX - Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "91",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R92": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails",
     "longName": "41705 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Operating loss carry forwards (Details)",
     "shortName": "INCOME TAX - Operating loss carry forwards (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "92",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R93": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxChangesInValuationAllowanceDetails",
     "longName": "41706 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - Changes in valuation allowance (Details)",
     "shortName": "INCOME TAX - Changes in valuation allowance (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "93",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g",
      "name": "us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R94": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxPrcTaxAdministrationAndCollectionLawDetails",
     "longName": "41707 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX - PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law (Details)",
     "shortName": "INCOME TAX - PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "94",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "niu:PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R95": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails",
     "longName": "41801 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computation (Details)",
     "shortName": "NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computation (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "95",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g",
      "name": "us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R96": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails",
     "longName": "41802 - Disclosure - NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Antidilutive securities (Details)",
     "shortName": "NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE - Antidilutive securities (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "96",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_pr8Gi55sWEqsMbfN2g3rug",
      "name": "us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_pr8Gi55sWEqsMbfN2g3rug",
      "name": "us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R97": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails",
     "longName": "41901 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION - Disaggregation of revenue (Details)",
     "shortName": "REVENUE INFORMATION - Disaggregation of revenue (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "97",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_8kFTFNpK50illq8oaP7XTg",
      "name": "us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R98": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails",
     "longName": "41902 - Disclosure - REVENUE INFORMATION - Revenues based on geographic areas (Details)",
     "shortName": "REVENUE INFORMATION - Revenues based on geographic areas (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "98",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_zW-pcFeiLEK0m9pJMOmKmg",
      "name": "us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R99": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSummaryDetails",
     "longName": "42001 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Summary (Details)",
     "shortName": "OPERATING LEASES - Summary (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "99",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R100": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails",
     "longName": "42002 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Supplemental information related to operating leases (Details)",
     "shortName": "OPERATING LEASES - Supplemental information related to operating leases (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "100",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "ix:continuation",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R101": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails",
     "longName": "42003 - Disclosure - OPERATING LEASES - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details)",
     "shortName": "OPERATING LEASES - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "101",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R102": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
     "longName": "42201 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Balance Sheets (Details)",
     "shortName": "PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Balance Sheets (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "102",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A",
      "name": "us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "niu:ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock",
       "us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ",
      "name": "us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R103": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails",
     "longName": "42202 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Statements of Results of Operations (Details)",
     "shortName": "PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed Statements of Results of Operations (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "103",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:OperatingExpenses",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw",
      "name": "us-gaap:OperatingExpenses",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R104": {
     "role": "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
     "longName": "42203 - Disclosure - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed statements of cash flows (Details)",
     "shortName": "PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - Condensed statements of cash flows (Details)",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "disclosure",
     "subGroupType": "details",
     "menuCat": "Details",
     "order": "104",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw",
      "name": "us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "b",
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "first": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw",
      "name": "us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
      "unitRef": "Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "0",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "srt:ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock",
       "ix:continuation",
       "div",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "niu-20231231x20f.htm",
      "unique": true
     }
    }
   },
   "tag": {
    "niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to accessory and spare parts sales.",
        "label": "Accessory and spare parts sales"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AccountingPoliciesAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AccountsPayableCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Accounts Payable, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Accounts payable (including accounts payable of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB459,406,790 and RMB575,235,413 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)",
        "verboseLabel": "Accounts payable",
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r24",
      "r688"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Accounts Receivable, Gross, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Accounts receivable",
        "documentation": "Amount, before allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r232",
      "r332",
      "r333",
      "r650"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AccountsReceivableMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Accounts receivable",
        "documentation": "Due from customers or clients for goods or services that have been delivered or sold."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r605"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AccountsReceivableNetCurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 5.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Accounts Receivable, Net, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Accounts receivable, net",
        "totalLabel": "Accounts receivable, net",
        "documentation": "Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r332",
      "r333"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AccountsReceivableNetCurrentAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 5.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Accrual for Taxes Other than Income Taxes, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Other taxes payable",
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for real and property taxes. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r30",
      "r149",
      "r653"
     ]
    },
    "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 7.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of accrued expenses and other liabilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).",
        "label": "Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB175,352,229 and RMB151,286,008 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)",
        "totalLabel": "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities",
        "verboseLabel": "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "No definition available.",
        "label": "ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for accrued expenses and other current liabilities.",
        "label": "Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities, Current [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Accrued Income Taxes, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Income taxes payable (including income taxes payable of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB1,501,992 and RMB1,195,114 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)",
        "verboseLabel": "Income taxes payable",
        "documentation": "Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of the unpaid sum of the known and estimated amounts payable to satisfy all currently due domestic and foreign income tax obligations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r7",
      "r184",
      "r201"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Accrued Marketing Costs, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Accrued selling and marketing expenses",
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for the marketing, trade and selling of the entity's goods and services. Marketing costs would include expenditures for planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services; costs of public relations and corporate promotions; and obligations incurred and payable for sales discounts, rebates, price protection programs, etc. offered to customers and under government programs. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 10.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for professional fees and marketing expenses and others. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).",
        "label": "Accrued Professional Fees, Marketing Expenses and Other",
        "terseLabel": "Others"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for customer refundable (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).",
        "label": "Accrued Refundable Payable, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Refundable payment from franchised stores-current"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_AccruedSalesRebateCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "AccruedSalesRebateCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 7.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for sales rebate. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).",
        "label": "Accrued Sales Rebate, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Sales rebate"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Less: Accumulated depreciation",
        "negatedLabel": "Less: Accumulated depreciation",
        "documentation": "Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r107",
      "r225"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_StockholdersEquity",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax",
        "verboseLabel": "Accumulated other comprehensive loss",
        "documentation": "Accumulated change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, net of tax effect, at period end. Excludes Net Income (Loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Includes foreign currency translation items, certain pension adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities, other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses related to factors other than credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities that an entity does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis, as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives related to the effective portion of a designated cash flow hedge."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r41",
      "r43",
      "r44",
      "r234",
      "r575",
      "r584",
      "r585"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Accumulated other comprehensive loss",
        "documentation": "Accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, attributable to the parent. Excludes net income (loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r40",
      "r44",
      "r166",
      "r556",
      "r580",
      "r581",
      "r716",
      "r717",
      "r718",
      "r729",
      "r730",
      "r731"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AdditionalPaidInCapital",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_StockholdersEquity",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Additional Paid in Capital",
        "terseLabel": "Additional paid-in capital",
        "documentation": "Amount of excess of issue price over par or stated value of stock and from other transaction involving stock or stockholder. Includes, but is not limited to, additional paid-in capital (APIC) for common and preferred stock."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r15",
      "r688"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Additional paid-in capital",
        "documentation": "Excess of issue price over par or stated value of the entity's capital stock and amounts received from other transactions involving the entity's stock or stockholders."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r481",
      "r482",
      "r483",
      "r729",
      "r730",
      "r731",
      "r785"
     ]
    },
    "dei_AddressTypeDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "AddressTypeDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Address Type [Domain]",
        "documentation": "An entity may have several addresses for different purposes and this domain represents all such types."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Payment Arrangement, Decrease for Tax Withholding Obligation",
        "terseLabel": "Withholding taxes on remittance of dividends",
        "documentation": "Amount of decrease to equity for grantee's tax withholding obligation for award under share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "APIC, Share-based Payment Arrangement, Recognition and Exercise",
        "terseLabel": "Exercise of share-based awards",
        "documentation": "Amount of increase (decrease) to additional paid-in capital (APIC) for recognition and exercise of award under share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Share-based Compensation, Requisite Service Period Recognition",
        "terseLabel": "Share-based compensation",
        "documentation": "Amount of increase to additional paid-in capital (APIC) for recognition of cost for award under share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r147",
      "r148",
      "r444"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities [Abstract]",
        "verboseLabel": "Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_AdrMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "AdrMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "ADS",
        "documentation": "American Depositary Receipt (or American Depositary Share, ADS)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r697"
     ]
    },
    "niu_AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 5.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of advances from customers. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).",
        "label": "Advances from Customers, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Advances from customers (including advances from customers of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB23,522,149 and RMB16,399,926 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)",
        "verboseLabel": "Advances from customers"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Advertising Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Selling and Marketing Expenses",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for advertising cost."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r486"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AdvertisingExpense",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSellingAndMarketingExpensesGovernmentGrantsEmployeeBenefitsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Advertising Expense",
        "terseLabel": "Advertising expenses",
        "documentation": "Amount charged to advertising expense for the period, which are expenses incurred with the objective of increasing revenue for a specified brand, product or product line."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r487"
     ]
    },
    "currency_AllCurrenciesDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022",
     "localname": "AllCurrenciesDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "All Currencies [Domain]"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense",
        "terseLabel": "Share-based compensation expenses",
        "documentation": "Amount of expense for award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes amount capitalized."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r476"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Allowance for Credit Losses on Financing Receivables [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of allowance for credit loss on financing receivable."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r89",
      "r739"
     ]
    },
    "niu_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of additions charged to bad debt expense and write-off of bad debt allowance.",
        "label": "Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions to Expense and Write-off of Allowance",
        "verboseLabel": "Allowance for doubtful accounts (Note 4)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetMovementOfAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable, Current",
        "negatedLabel": "Allowance for doubtful accounts",
        "periodEndLabel": "Balance at the end of the year",
        "periodStartLabel": "Balance at the beginning of the year",
        "documentation": "Amount of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable, classified as current."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r235",
      "r334",
      "r340"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRollforward",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetMovementOfAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable [Roll Forward]",
        "terseLabel": "Summary of movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts",
        "documentation": "A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetMovementOfAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable, Write-offs",
        "negatedLabel": "Write-off",
        "documentation": "Amount of direct write-downs of accounts receivable charged against the allowance."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r342"
     ]
    },
    "niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents information pertaining to the amended 2016 Plan and the 2018 Plan.",
        "label": "Amended 2016 Plan and 2018 Plan"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_AmendmentFlag": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "AmendmentFlag",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amendment Flag",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amortization of Intangible Assets",
        "verboseLabel": "Total amortization expense",
        "documentation": "The aggregate expense charged against earnings to allocate the cost of intangible assets (nonphysical assets not used in production) in a systematic and rational manner to the periods expected to benefit from such assets. As a noncash expense, this element is added back to net income when calculating cash provided by or used in operations using the indirect method."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r65",
      "r97",
      "r102"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Antidilutive securities",
        "documentation": "Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r291"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Antidilutive Securities [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by type of antidilutive security."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r77"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Antidilutive securities",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Antidilutive Securities, Name [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Incremental common shares attributable to securities that were not included in diluted earnings per share (EPS) because to do so would increase EPS amounts or decrease loss per share amounts for the period presented."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r77"
     ]
    },
    "niu_ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Number of shares of increase (decrease) to additional paid-in capital (APIC) for recognition and exercise of award under share-based payment arrangement.",
        "label": "APIC, Share-based Payment Arrangement, Recognition and Exercise, Shares",
        "terseLabel": "Exercise of share-based awards (in shares)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesStatutoryReservesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The percentage of after tax profits appropriated to statutory surplus fund annually.",
        "label": "Appropriation to Statutory Surplus Fund, Percentage of Profit, Net of Tax",
        "terseLabel": "Percentage of after tax profit, transferred annually by PRC subsidiaries to statutory surplus fund"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesStatutoryReservesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The amount appropriated to statutory reserves.",
        "label": "Appropriations to Statutory Reserves",
        "terseLabel": "Appropriations to statutory reserves"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to an arrangement with grantees to modify the grants issued.",
        "label": "Arrangement with grantees"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AssetImpairmentChargesAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesLeasesImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Asset Impairment Charges [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Impairment of Long-lived Assets"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_Assets": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "Assets",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Assets",
        "totalLabel": "Total assets",
        "documentation": "Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r182",
      "r200",
      "r228",
      "r263",
      "r311",
      "r320",
      "r326",
      "r338",
      "r361",
      "r362",
      "r364",
      "r365",
      "r366",
      "r368",
      "r370",
      "r372",
      "r373",
      "r518",
      "r522",
      "r532",
      "r688",
      "r747",
      "r748",
      "r792"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AssetsAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AssetsAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Assets [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Assets",
        "verboseLabel": "ASSETS"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AssetsCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AssetsCurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_Assets",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Assets, Current",
        "totalLabel": "Total current assets",
        "documentation": "Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r220",
      "r239",
      "r263",
      "r338",
      "r361",
      "r362",
      "r364",
      "r365",
      "r366",
      "r368",
      "r370",
      "r372",
      "r373",
      "r518",
      "r522",
      "r532",
      "r688",
      "r747",
      "r748",
      "r792"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AssetsCurrentAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Assets, Current [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Current assets"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AssetsFairValueDisclosure",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Assets, Fair Value Disclosure",
        "terseLabel": "Assets at fair value",
        "documentation": "Fair value portion of probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r172"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AssetsNoncurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_Assets",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Assets, Noncurrent",
        "totalLabel": "Total non-current assets",
        "documentation": "Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r263",
      "r338",
      "r361",
      "r362",
      "r364",
      "r365",
      "r366",
      "r368",
      "r370",
      "r372",
      "r373",
      "r518",
      "r522",
      "r532",
      "r747",
      "r748",
      "r792"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AssetsNoncurrentAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Assets, Noncurrent [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Non-current assets"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_AuditorFirmId": {
     "xbrltype": "nonemptySequenceNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "AuditorFirmId",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Auditor Firm ID",
        "documentation": "PCAOB issued Audit Firm Identifier"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r698",
      "r699",
      "r700"
     ]
    },
    "dei_AuditorLocation": {
     "xbrltype": "internationalNameItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "AuditorLocation",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Auditor Location"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r698",
      "r699",
      "r700"
     ]
    },
    "dei_AuditorName": {
     "xbrltype": "internationalNameItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "AuditorName",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Auditor Name"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r698",
      "r699",
      "r700"
     ]
    },
    "niu_AuthorizedShareCapital": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "AuthorizedShareCapital",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of authorized common stock value.",
        "label": "Authorized Share Capital",
        "terseLabel": "Authorized share capital"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax",
        "terseLabel": "Gross unrealized holding gain",
        "documentation": "Amount, before tax, of unrealized gain in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r93"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax",
        "terseLabel": "Gross unrealized holding losses",
        "documentation": "Amount, before tax, of unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r94"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost",
        "totalLabel": "Aggregate cost basis",
        "documentation": "Amortized cost of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r335",
      "r343"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Aggregate fair value",
        "verboseLabel": "Short-term investments",
        "documentation": "Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), classified as current."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r91",
      "r343"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "AwardTypeAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Award Type [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by type of award under share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r447",
      "r448",
      "r449",
      "r451",
      "r452",
      "r453",
      "r454",
      "r455",
      "r456",
      "r457",
      "r458",
      "r459",
      "r460",
      "r461",
      "r462",
      "r463",
      "r464",
      "r465",
      "r466",
      "r467",
      "r468",
      "r471",
      "r472",
      "r473",
      "r474",
      "r475"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Basis of presentation",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for basis of accounting, or basis of presentation, used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to Beijing Niudian Technology Co., Ltd.",
        "label": "Beijing Niudian",
        "terseLabel": "Beijing Niudian"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_BuildingMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "BuildingMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Building",
        "terseLabel": "Building",
        "documentation": "Facility held for productive use including, but not limited to, office, production, storage and distribution facilities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r106"
     ]
    },
    "dei_BusinessContactMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "BusinessContactMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Business Contact [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Business Contact",
        "documentation": "Business contact for the entity"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r699",
      "r700"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivities"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Business Description and Basis of Presentation [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for the business description and basis of presentation concepts. Business description describes the nature and type of organization including but not limited to organizational structure as may be applicable to holding companies, parent and subsidiary relationships, business divisions, business units, business segments, affiliates and information about significant ownership of the reporting entity. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r0",
      "r74",
      "r87"
     ]
    },
    "country_CN": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022",
     "localname": "CN",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "PRC"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "currency_CNY": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022",
     "localname": "CNY",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Denominated in RMB"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Capital Expenditures Incurred but Not yet Paid",
        "terseLabel": "Construction payable",
        "documentation": "Future cash outflow to pay for purchases of fixed assets that have occurred."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r70",
      "r71",
      "r72"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_Cash": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "Cash",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash",
        "terseLabel": "Cash",
        "verboseLabel": "Cash on hand",
        "documentation": "Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r587",
      "r588",
      "r688",
      "r709"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value",
        "terseLabel": "Cash and cash equivalents",
        "documentation": "Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r67",
      "r223",
      "r648"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash and Cash Equivalents [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by type of cash and cash equivalent balance."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r223"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CashAndCashEquivalentsLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Cash and cash equivalents",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CashAndCashEquivalentsMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Cash and cash equivalents",
        "documentation": "Currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Cash and cash equivalents",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents, including the policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Other information that may be disclosed includes (1) the nature of any restrictions on the entity's use of its cash and cash equivalents, (2) whether the entity's cash and cash equivalents are insured or expose the entity to credit risk, (3) the classification of any negative balance accounts (overdrafts), and (4) the carrying basis of cash equivalents (for example, at cost) and whether the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r68"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Restricted cash",
        "documentation": "Entity's cash and cash equivalents accounting policy with respect to restricted balances. Restrictions may include legally restricted deposits held as compensating balances against short-term borrowing arrangements, contracts entered into with others, or company statements of intention with regard to particular deposits; however, time deposits and short-term certificates of deposit are not generally included in legally restricted deposits."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r68",
      "r181"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents",
        "periodEndLabel": "Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year",
        "periodStartLabel": "Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year",
        "totalLabel": "Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r62",
      "r67",
      "r73"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease), Including Exchange Rate Effect",
        "terseLabel": "Net increase in cash and restricted cash",
        "totalLabel": "Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash",
        "documentation": "Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r62",
      "r176"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash Collateral for Borrowed Securities",
        "terseLabel": "Collateral deposits",
        "documentation": "Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of cash collateral held for borrowed securities, for which the cash is restricted as to withdrawal or usage."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r189",
      "r208"
     ]
    },
    "niu_CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesContractBalancesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The amount of cash received in advance, net of VAT.",
        "label": "Cash Received in Advance, Net of VAT",
        "terseLabel": "Cash received in advance, excluding VAT"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesContractBalancesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Change in Contract with Customer, Liability [Abstract]",
        "verboseLabel": "Changes in the Group's contract liabilities (advances from customers and deferred revenue)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_CityAreaCode": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "CityAreaCode",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "City Area Code",
        "documentation": "Area code of city"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ClassOfStockDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Class of Stock [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Share of stock differentiated by the voting rights the holder receives. Examples include, but are not limited to, common stock, redeemable preferred stock, nonredeemable preferred stock, and convertible stock."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r229",
      "r230",
      "r231",
      "r263",
      "r285",
      "r286",
      "r288",
      "r290",
      "r298",
      "r299",
      "r338",
      "r361",
      "r364",
      "r365",
      "r366",
      "r372",
      "r373",
      "r390",
      "r391",
      "r394",
      "r398",
      "r405",
      "r532",
      "r623",
      "r705",
      "r724",
      "r733"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ClassOfStockLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Class of Stock [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "ORDINARY SHARE",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to bank loan in china.",
        "label": "Commercial Bank Loan in China [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Commercial bank"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CommitmentsAndContingencies",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Commitments and Contingencies.",
        "terseLabel": "Commitments and contingencies",
        "documentation": "Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r37",
      "r191",
      "r207"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingencies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for commitments and contingencies."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r111",
      "r355",
      "r356",
      "r606",
      "r745"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Commitments and Contingencies, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Commitments and contingencies",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for commitments and contingencies, which may include policies for recognizing and measuring loss and gain contingencies."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r116",
      "r607"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CommonClassAMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CommonClassAMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Class A Ordinary Shares",
        "documentation": "Classification of common stock representing ownership interest in a corporation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CommonClassBMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CommonClassBMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Class B Ordinary Shares",
        "documentation": "Classification of common stock that has different rights than Common Class A, representing ownership interest in a corporation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_CommonClassOtherMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "CommonClassOtherMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Other classification of common stock that has different rights than provided to Class A or B shares, representing ownership interest in a corporation.",
        "label": "Other classes, Ordinary Shares"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CommonStockMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CommonStockMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Ordinary shares",
        "documentation": "Stock that is subordinate to all other stock of the issuer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r729",
      "r730",
      "r785"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share",
        "terseLabel": "Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share)",
        "documentation": "Face amount or stated value per share of common stock."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r14"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CommonStockSharesAuthorized",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Common Stock, Shares Authorized",
        "terseLabel": "Ordinary shares, authorized",
        "documentation": "The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r14"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CommonStockSharesIssued",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Common Stock, Shares, Issued",
        "terseLabel": "Ordinary shares, issued",
        "documentation": "Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r14"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CommonStockSharesOutstanding",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding",
        "terseLabel": "Ordinary shares, outstanding",
        "documentation": "Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r14",
      "r124"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CommonStockValue": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CommonStockValue",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_StockholdersEquity",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Common Stock, Value, Issued",
        "terseLabel": "Ordinary Shares",
        "verboseLabel": "Ordinary shares",
        "documentation": "Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r14",
      "r688"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent",
        "totalLabel": "Comprehensive income (loss)",
        "documentation": "Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r46",
      "r244",
      "r246",
      "r252",
      "r571",
      "r576"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Concentration Risk Benchmark [Domain]",
        "documentation": "The denominator in a calculation of a disclosed concentration risk percentage."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r81",
      "r82",
      "r173",
      "r174",
      "r331",
      "r605"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Concentration Risk Benchmark [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by benchmark of concentration risk."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r81",
      "r82",
      "r173",
      "r174",
      "r331",
      "r586",
      "r605"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Concentration Risk Type [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by type of concentration risk, for example, but not limited to, asset, liability, net assets, geographic, customer, employees, supplier, lender."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r81",
      "r82",
      "r173",
      "r174",
      "r331",
      "r605",
      "r804"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Concentration and risk",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for credit risk."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r197",
      "r302"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ConcentrationRiskLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Concentration Risk [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Concentration and risk",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ConcentrationRiskPercentage1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Concentration Risk, Percentage",
        "terseLabel": "Concentration risk (as a percent)",
        "documentation": "For an entity that discloses a concentration risk in relation to quantitative amount, which serves as the \"benchmark\" (or denominator) in the equation, this concept represents the concentration percentage derived from the division."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r81",
      "r82",
      "r173",
      "r174",
      "r331"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ConcentrationRiskTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Concentration Risk [Table]",
        "documentation": "Describes the nature of a concentration, a benchmark to which it is compared, and the percentage that the risk is to the benchmark."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r79",
      "r81",
      "r82",
      "r83",
      "r173",
      "r175",
      "r605"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Concentration Risk Type [Domain]",
        "documentation": "For an entity that discloses a concentration risk as a percentage of some financial balance or benchmark, identifies the type (for example, asset, liability, net assets, geographic, customer, employees, supplier, lender) of the concentration."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r81",
      "r82",
      "r173",
      "r174",
      "r331",
      "r605"
     ]
    },
    "srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Condensed Balance Sheet Statement [Table]",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of information about condensed balance sheet, including, but not limited to, balance sheets of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r268",
      "r628",
      "r707"
     ]
    },
    "srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Condensed Balance Sheets",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "CondensedCashFlowStatementTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Condensed Cash Flow Statement [Table]",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of information about condensed cash flow statement, including, but not limited to, cash flow statements of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r268",
      "r637",
      "r707"
     ]
    },
    "srt_CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "CondensedCashFlowStatementsCaptionsLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Condensed Cash Flow Statements, Captions [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Condensed Statements of Cash Flows",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company Only Disclosure [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for condensed financial information, including the financial position, cash flows, and the results of operations of the registrant (parent company) as of the same dates or for the same periods for which audited consolidated financial statements are being presented. Alternatively, the details of this disclosure can be reported by the specific parent company taxonomy elements, indicating the appropriate date and period contexts in an instance document."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r218",
      "r268",
      "r707"
     ]
    },
    "srt_CondensedIncomeStatementTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "CondensedIncomeStatementTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Condensed Income Statement [Table]",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of information about condensed income statement including, but not limited to, income statements of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r268",
      "r637",
      "r707"
     ]
    },
    "srt_CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "CondensedStatementOfIncomeCaptionsLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Condensed Statement of Income Captions [Line Items]",
        "verboseLabel": "Condensed Statements of Results of Operations",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Consolidated Entities [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by consolidated entity or group of entities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r268",
      "r518",
      "r519",
      "r522",
      "r523",
      "r557",
      "r620",
      "r626",
      "r746",
      "r749",
      "r750",
      "r807",
      "r810",
      "r811"
     ]
    },
    "srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ConsolidatedEntitiesDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Consolidated Entities [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Entity or group of entities consolidated into reporting entity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r268",
      "r518",
      "r519",
      "r522",
      "r523",
      "r557",
      "r620",
      "r626",
      "r746",
      "r749",
      "r750",
      "r807",
      "r810",
      "r811"
     ]
    },
    "srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ConsolidationItemsAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Consolidation Items [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by components, eliminations, non-segment corporate-level activity and reconciling items used in consolidating a parent entity and its subsidiaries or its operating segments."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r268",
      "r306",
      "r318",
      "r319",
      "r320",
      "r321",
      "r322",
      "r324",
      "r327",
      "r361",
      "r362",
      "r363",
      "r364",
      "r366",
      "r367",
      "r369",
      "r371",
      "r372",
      "r638",
      "r639",
      "r640",
      "r641",
      "r642",
      "r643",
      "r644",
      "r645",
      "r646",
      "r747",
      "r748",
      "r808",
      "r809"
     ]
    },
    "srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ConsolidationItemsDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Consolidation Items [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Components, elimination, non-segment corporate-level activity and reconciling items used in consolidating a parent entity and its subsidiaries or its operating segments."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r268",
      "r306",
      "r318",
      "r319",
      "r320",
      "r321",
      "r322",
      "r324",
      "r327",
      "r361",
      "r362",
      "r363",
      "r364",
      "r366",
      "r367",
      "r369",
      "r371",
      "r372",
      "r638",
      "r639",
      "r640",
      "r641",
      "r642",
      "r643",
      "r644",
      "r645",
      "r646",
      "r747",
      "r748",
      "r808",
      "r809"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Principles of consolidation",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy regarding (1) the principles it follows in consolidating or combining the separate financial statements, including the principles followed in determining the inclusion or exclusion of subsidiaries or other entities in the consolidated or combined financial statements and (2) its treatment of interests (for example, common stock, a partnership interest or other means of exerting influence) in other entities, for example consolidation or use of the equity or cost methods of accounting. The accounting policy may also address the accounting treatment for intercompany accounts and transactions, noncontrolling interest, and the income statement treatment in consolidation for issuances of stock by a subsidiary."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r164",
      "r657"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ConstructionPayableCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ConstructionPayableCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 6.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Construction Payable, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Construction payable",
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for the acquisition of merchandise, materials, supplies and services pertaining to construction projects such as a housing development or factory expansion not classified as trade payables. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r24"
     ]
    },
    "dei_ContactPersonnelEmailAddress": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "ContactPersonnelEmailAddress",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Contact Personnel Email Address",
        "documentation": "Email address of contact personnel."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_ContactPersonnelName": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "ContactPersonnelName",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Contact Personnel Name",
        "documentation": "Name of contact personnel"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for contract balances.",
        "label": "Contract Balances Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Contract Balances"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Summary of changes in contract liabilities (advances from customers and deferred revenue)",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of receivable, contract asset, and contract liability from contract with customer. Includes, but is not limited to, change in contract asset and contract liability."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r752"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ContractWithCustomerLiability",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesContractBalancesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Contract with Customer, Liability",
        "periodEndLabel": "Contract liabilities, ending balance",
        "periodStartLabel": "Contract liabilities, beginning balance",
        "documentation": "Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r407",
      "r408",
      "r429"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 6.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Contract with Customer, Liability, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Deferred revenue-current (including deferred revenue-current of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB37,539,733 and RMB41,755,097 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)",
        "verboseLabel": "Deferred revenue - current",
        "documentation": "Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as current."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r407",
      "r408",
      "r429"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Contract with Customer, Liability, Noncurrent",
        "terseLabel": "Deferred revenue-non-current (including deferred revenue non-current of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB11,429,500 and RMB13,168,111 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)",
        "verboseLabel": "Deferred revenue-non-current",
        "documentation": "Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as noncurrent."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r407",
      "r408",
      "r429"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesContractBalancesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized",
        "terseLabel": "Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during current year",
        "documentation": "Amount of revenue recognized that was previously included in balance of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration from customer has been received or is due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r430"
     ]
    },
    "niu_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesContractBalancesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities.",
        "label": "Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized From Opening Balance",
        "negatedLabel": "Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ContractWithCustomerRightOfReturnAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Contract with Customer, Right of Return [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Revenue recognition"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for convenience translation.",
        "label": "Convenience Translation, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Convenience translation"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Conversion of Stock, Shares Converted",
        "terseLabel": "Shares converted to Class A ordinary shares (in shares)",
        "documentation": "The number of shares converted in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. \"Part noncash\" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r70",
      "r71",
      "r72"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cost of Goods and Services Sold",
        "terseLabel": "Purchases from suppliers",
        "documentation": "The aggregate costs related to goods produced and sold and services rendered by an entity during the reporting period. This excludes costs incurred during the reporting period related to financial services rendered and other revenue generating activities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r51",
      "r568"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CostOfGoodsTotalMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total purchases",
        "documentation": "Cost of product sold and service rendered, when it serves as benchmark in concentration of risk calculation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r735"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CostOfRevenue": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CostOfRevenue",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_GrossProfit",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cost of Revenue",
        "negatedLabel": "Cost of revenues",
        "terseLabel": "Cost of revenues",
        "documentation": "The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r52",
      "r263",
      "r338",
      "r361",
      "r362",
      "r364",
      "r365",
      "r366",
      "r368",
      "r370",
      "r372",
      "r373",
      "r532",
      "r747"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CostOfSalesMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cost of revenues",
        "terseLabel": "Cost of revenues",
        "documentation": "Primary financial statement caption encompassing cost of sales."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cost of Sales, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Cost of Revenues",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for cost of product sold and service rendered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r755"
     ]
    },
    "srt_CounterpartyNameAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "CounterpartyNameAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Counterparty Name [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by name of counterparty. A counterparty is the other party that participates in a financial transaction. Examples include, but not limited to, the name of the financial institution."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r266",
      "r267",
      "r377",
      "r392",
      "r647",
      "r654",
      "r656"
     ]
    },
    "niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to the countries other than Cayman, Indonesia, PRC and BVI.",
        "label": "Countries Other Than Cayman, Indonesia, PRC and BVI [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Others"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_CoverAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "CoverAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document and Entity Information",
        "documentation": "Cover page."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CreditFacilityAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Credit Facility [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by type of credit facility. Credit facilities provide capital to borrowers without the need to structure a loan for each borrowing."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CreditFacilityDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Credit Facility [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Type of credit facility. Credit facilities provide capital to borrowers without the need to structure a loan for each borrowing."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesStatutoryReservesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the maximum percentage criteria expressed as a percentage of registered capital for the transfer of after-tax profit by subsidiaries in China to a statutory surplus fund. If the reserve fund exceeds the specified threshold of the registered capital, further appropriation is not required.",
        "label": "Criteria for Appropriation to Statutory Surplus Fund Maximum Threshold as Percentage of Registered Capital",
        "terseLabel": "Maximum percentage criteria for appropriation of after-tax profit of PRC subsidiaries to statutory surplus fund (as a percent)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_CurrencyAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "CurrencyAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Currency [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by currency."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate": {
     "xbrltype": "gMonthDayItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "CurrentFiscalYearEndDate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Current Fiscal Year End Date",
        "documentation": "End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Current Income Tax Expense (Benefit)",
        "terseLabel": "Current income tax expense (benefit)",
        "documentation": "Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r158",
      "r502",
      "r510",
      "r727"
     ]
    },
    "niu_CustomerAdvancesMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "CustomerAdvancesMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to advances from customers.",
        "label": "Advances from customers"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_CustomerBMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "CustomerBMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to customer B.",
        "label": "Customer B [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Customer B"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_CustomerCMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "CustomerCMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to customer C.",
        "label": "Customer C [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Customer C"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "CustomerConcentrationRiskMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Customer risk",
        "documentation": "Reflects the percentage that revenues in the period from one or more significant customers is to net revenues, as defined by the entity, such as total net revenues, product line revenues, segment revenues. The risk is the materially adverse effects of loss of a significant customer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r80",
      "r331"
     ]
    },
    "niu_CustomerDMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "CustomerDMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to customer D.",
        "label": "Customer D [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Customer D"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_CustomerMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "CustomerMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to customer A.",
        "label": "Customer A [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Customer A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DebtInstrumentAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Debt Instrument [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by type of debt instrument, including, but not limited to, draws against credit facilities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6",
      "r7",
      "r8",
      "r183",
      "r187",
      "r199",
      "r268",
      "r374",
      "r375",
      "r376",
      "r377",
      "r378",
      "r379",
      "r380",
      "r381",
      "r382",
      "r383",
      "r384",
      "r385",
      "r386",
      "r387",
      "r388",
      "r389",
      "r543",
      "r665",
      "r666",
      "r667",
      "r668",
      "r669",
      "r725"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Interest rate",
        "terseLabel": "Interest rate (in percent)",
        "documentation": "Contractual interest rate for funds borrowed, under the debt agreement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r33",
      "r375"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DebtInstrumentNameDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Debt Instrument, Name [Domain]",
        "documentation": "The name for the particular debt instrument or borrowing that distinguishes it from other debt instruments or borrowings, including draws against credit facilities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r35",
      "r268",
      "r374",
      "r375",
      "r376",
      "r377",
      "r378",
      "r379",
      "r380",
      "r381",
      "r382",
      "r383",
      "r384",
      "r385",
      "r386",
      "r387",
      "r388",
      "r389",
      "r543",
      "r665",
      "r666",
      "r667",
      "r668",
      "r669",
      "r725"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DebtInstrumentTerm",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Debt Instrument, Term",
        "terseLabel": "Debt term",
        "documentation": "Period of time between issuance and maturity of debt instrument, in PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Debt Instrument, Unused Borrowing Capacity, Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Unused secured loan facility amount",
        "documentation": "Amount of unused borrowing capacity under the long-term financing arrangement that is available to the entity as of the balance sheet date."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r34"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of prepayments and other current assets",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of the amounts paid in advance for capitalized costs that will be expensed with the passage of time or the occurrence of a triggering event, and will be charged against earnings within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer; the aggregate carrying amount of current assets, not separately presented elsewhere in the balance sheet; and other deferred costs."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Costs",
        "terseLabel": "Deferred charge",
        "documentation": "The carrying amount of deferred costs."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Income Tax Assets, Net",
        "verboseLabel": "Deferred income tax assets",
        "documentation": "Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r490",
      "r491"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)",
        "verboseLabel": "Deferred income tax expense (benefit)",
        "documentation": "Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r65",
      "r158",
      "r503",
      "r509",
      "r510",
      "r727"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Liabilities, Gross",
        "totalLabel": "Total deferred income tax liabilities",
        "documentation": "Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary differences."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r11",
      "r12",
      "r185",
      "r198",
      "r497"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Income Tax Liabilities, Net",
        "terseLabel": "Deferred income tax liabilities (including deferred income tax liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB1,398,279 and RMB2,362,494 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)",
        "verboseLabel": "Deferred income tax liabilities",
        "documentation": "Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences with jurisdictional netting."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r490",
      "r491"
     ]
    },
    "niu_DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 6.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount, before allocation of valuation allowances, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences from advertising expenses.",
        "label": "Deferred Tax Assets, Advertising Expense",
        "terseLabel": "Advertising expense"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Assets, Deferred Income",
        "terseLabel": "Deferred revenue",
        "documentation": "Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from deferred income."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r156",
      "r784"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxAssetsGrossAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Assets, Gross [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Deferred income tax assets"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsInventory": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxAssetsInventory",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 5.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Assets, Inventory",
        "terseLabel": "Write-downs for inventories",
        "documentation": "Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from inventory."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r156",
      "r784"
     ]
    },
    "niu_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 7.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences, of lease liabilities.",
        "label": "Deferred Tax Assets, Lease Liabilities",
        "terseLabel": "Lease liabilities"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Assets, Net",
        "terseLabel": "Net deferred income tax assets",
        "documentation": "Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r783"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxAssetsNet",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Assets, Net of Valuation Allowance",
        "totalLabel": "Total deferred income tax assets, net",
        "documentation": "Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r783"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards",
        "terseLabel": "Net operating loss carry forwards",
        "documentation": "Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r156",
      "r784"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Reserves and Accruals, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts",
        "terseLabel": "Allowance for doubtful accounts",
        "documentation": "Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary difference from allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r156",
      "r784"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Reserves and Accruals, Warranty Reserves",
        "terseLabel": "Accrued warranty",
        "documentation": "Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from warranty reserves."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r156",
      "r784"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 8.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxChangesInValuationAllowanceDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance",
        "negatedLabel": "Less: Valuation allowance",
        "periodEndLabel": "Balance at the end of the year",
        "periodStartLabel": "Balance at the beginning of the year",
        "documentation": "Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r498"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxLiabilities",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net",
        "verboseLabel": "Net deferred income tax liabilities",
        "documentation": "Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences without jurisdictional netting."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r151",
      "r783"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Liabilities, Investments",
        "terseLabel": "Short-term investments",
        "documentation": "Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary differences from investments (excludes investments in subsidiaries and equity method investments)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Liabilities, Leasing Arrangements",
        "terseLabel": "Operating lease right of use assets",
        "documentation": "Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary differences from leasing arrangements."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r156",
      "r784"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Deferred income tax liabilities"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxDeferredIncomeTaxAssetsAndDeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Deferred Tax Liabilities, Property, Plant and Equipment",
        "verboseLabel": "Property, plant and equipment",
        "documentation": "Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary differences from property, plant, and equipment."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r156",
      "r784"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSellingAndMarketingExpensesGovernmentGrantsEmployeeBenefitsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Defined Contribution Plan, Cost",
        "terseLabel": "Employee social benefits included as expenses",
        "documentation": "Amount of cost for defined contribution plan."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r440"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_Depreciation": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "Depreciation",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Depreciation",
        "verboseLabel": "Depreciation expense",
        "documentation": "The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r65",
      "r105"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 5.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization",
        "terseLabel": "Depreciation and amortization (Note 7 and 8)",
        "documentation": "The aggregate expense recognized in the current period that allocates the cost of tangible assets, intangible assets, or depleting assets to periods that benefit from use of the assets."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r65",
      "r309"
     ]
    },
    "niu_DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of depreciation on physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale.",
        "label": "Depreciation Expense Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of depreciation expense on property and equipment allocated to expense items"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "DescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "No definition available.",
        "label": "DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "REVENUE INFORMATION",
        "verboseLabel": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DisaggregationOfRevenueTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Disaggregation of Revenue [Table]",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of information about disaggregation of revenue into categories depicting how nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factor."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r428",
      "r671",
      "r672",
      "r673",
      "r674",
      "r675",
      "r676",
      "r677"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of net revenues",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of disaggregation of revenue into categories depicting how nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factor."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r753"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r446",
      "r477",
      "r478",
      "r480",
      "r485",
      "r682"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentAccountingStandard": {
     "xbrltype": "accountingStandardItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "DocumentAccountingStandard",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Accounting Standard",
        "documentation": "The basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing This can either be 'U.S. GAAP', 'International Financial Reporting Standards', or 'Other'."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r699"
     ]
    },
    "dei_DocumentAnnualReport": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "DocumentAnnualReport",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Annual Report",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an annual report."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r698",
      "r699",
      "r700"
     ]
    },
    "dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus": {
     "xbrltype": "fiscalPeriodItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Fiscal Period Focus",
        "documentation": "Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3.  1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus": {
     "xbrltype": "gYearItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "DocumentFiscalYearFocus",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Fiscal Year Focus",
        "documentation": "This is focus fiscal year of the document report in YYYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentInformationLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "DocumentInformationLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Information [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Document Information",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentInformationTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "DocumentInformationTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Information [Table]",
        "documentation": "Container to support the formal attachment of each official or unofficial, public or private document as part of a submission package."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "DocumentPeriodEndDate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Period End Date",
        "documentation": "For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "DocumentRegistrationStatement",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Registration Statement",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a registration statement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r693"
     ]
    },
    "dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "DocumentShellCompanyReport",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Shell Company Report",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true for a Shell Company Report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r699"
     ]
    },
    "dei_DocumentTransitionReport": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "DocumentTransitionReport",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Transition Report",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a transition report."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r701"
     ]
    },
    "dei_DocumentType": {
     "xbrltype": "submissionTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "DocumentType",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Type",
        "documentation": "The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amounts due to subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities, due within 1 year (or 1 business cycle).",
        "label": "Due To Subsidiaries And Variable Interest Entities, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Amount due to subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE's subsidiaries"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "currency_EUR": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022",
     "localname": "EUR",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Denominated in EUR"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EarningsPerShareAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE",
        "verboseLabel": "Net income (loss) per ordinary share"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EarningsPerShareBasic",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Earnings Per Share, Basic",
        "terseLabel": "-Basic",
        "documentation": "The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r253",
      "r274",
      "r275",
      "r276",
      "r277",
      "r278",
      "r283",
      "r285",
      "r288",
      "r289",
      "r290",
      "r294",
      "r526",
      "r527",
      "r572",
      "r577",
      "r660"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EarningsPerShareDiluted",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Earnings Per Share, Diluted",
        "terseLabel": "-Diluted",
        "documentation": "The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r253",
      "r274",
      "r275",
      "r276",
      "r277",
      "r278",
      "r285",
      "r288",
      "r289",
      "r290",
      "r294",
      "r526",
      "r527",
      "r572",
      "r577",
      "r660"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Earnings (Loss) per Share",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for computing basic and diluted earnings or loss per share for each class of common stock and participating security. Addresses all significant policy factors, including any antidilutive items that have been excluded from the computation and takes into account stock dividends, splits and reverse splits that occur after the balance sheet date of the latest reporting period but before the issuance of the financial statements."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r77",
      "r78"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EarningsPerShareTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShare"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Earnings Per Share [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for earnings per share."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r291",
      "r292",
      "r293",
      "r295"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Effect of Exchange Rate on Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Including Disposal Group and Discontinued Operations",
        "terseLabel": "Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash",
        "verboseLabel": "Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and restricted cash",
        "documentation": "Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies; including, but not limited to, disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r789"
     ]
    },
    "niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The amount of effect of preferential tax rates on basic earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share.",
        "label": "Effect Of Preferential Tax Rates On Basic Earnings Per Class A And Class B Ordinary Share",
        "terseLabel": "Effect of preferential tax rates on basic earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The amount of effect of preferential tax rates on diluted earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share.",
        "label": "Effect Of Preferential Tax Rates On Diluted Earnings Per Class A And Class B Ordinary Share",
        "terseLabel": "Effect of preferential tax rates on diluted earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent",
        "terseLabel": "Statutory income tax (as a percent)",
        "documentation": "Percentage of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r264",
      "r493",
      "r511"
     ]
    },
    "niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Percentage of tax rate at half of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).",
        "label": "Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Half of Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent",
        "terseLabel": "Tax rate at half of the current tax rate under two-tiered profits tax rates regime"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Percentage of preferential tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).",
        "label": "Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Preferential Income Tax Rate, Percent",
        "terseLabel": "Preferential tax rate"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 6.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to preferential tax rate difference.",
        "label": "Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Preferential Tax Rate Difference",
        "terseLabel": "Preferential tax rate difference"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ElectricScooterSalesMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to electric scooter sales.",
        "label": "Electric scooter sales"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Employee-related Liabilities, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Accrued payroll and social insurance",
        "documentation": "Total of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for obligations related to services received from employees, such as accrued salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes and fringe benefits. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r30"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Unrecognized compensation expense",
        "documentation": "Amount of cost not yet recognized for nonvested award under share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r479"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition",
        "terseLabel": "Unrecognized compensation expense, recognition period",
        "documentation": "Weighted-average period over which cost not yet recognized is expected to be recognized for award under share-based payment arrangement, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r479"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EmployeeStockOptionMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share options",
        "documentation": "Share-based payment arrangement granting right, subject to vesting and other restrictions, to purchase or sell certain number of shares at predetermined price for specified period of time."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityAddressAddressLine1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Address, Address Line One",
        "documentation": "Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityAddressCityOrTown",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Address, City or Town",
        "documentation": "Name of the City or Town"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressCountry": {
     "xbrltype": "countryCodeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityAddressCountry",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Address, Country",
        "documentation": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityAddressPostalZipCode",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Address, Postal Zip Code",
        "documentation": "Code for the postal or zip code"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Addresses, Address Type [Axis]",
        "documentation": "The axis of a table defines the relationship between the domain members or categories in the table and the line items or concepts that complete the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityCentralIndexKey": {
     "xbrltype": "centralIndexKeyItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityCentralIndexKey",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Central Index Key",
        "documentation": "A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r695"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding",
        "documentation": "Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus": {
     "xbrltype": "yesNoItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityCurrentReportingStatus",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Current Reporting Status",
        "documentation": "Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityEmergingGrowthCompany",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Emerging Growth Company",
        "documentation": "Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r695"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityFileNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityFileNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity File Number",
        "documentation": "Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityFilerCategory": {
     "xbrltype": "filerCategoryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityFilerCategory",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Filer Category",
        "documentation": "Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r695"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode": {
     "xbrltype": "edgarStateCountryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code",
        "documentation": "Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "yesNoItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityInteractiveDataCurrent",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Interactive Data Current",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r702"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityRegistrantName": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityRegistrantName",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Registrant Name",
        "documentation": "The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r695"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityShellCompany": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityShellCompany",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Shell Company",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r695"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers": {
     "xbrltype": "yesNoItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityVoluntaryFilers",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Voluntary Filers",
        "documentation": "Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer": {
     "xbrltype": "yesNoItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer",
        "documentation": "Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r703"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "EquityComponentDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Equity Component [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Components of equity are the parts of the total Equity balance including that which is allocated to common, preferred, treasury stock, retained earnings, etc."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r124",
      "r217",
      "r248",
      "r249",
      "r250",
      "r269",
      "r270",
      "r271",
      "r273",
      "r279",
      "r281",
      "r297",
      "r339",
      "r406",
      "r481",
      "r482",
      "r483",
      "r505",
      "r506",
      "r525",
      "r533",
      "r534",
      "r535",
      "r536",
      "r537",
      "r538",
      "r556",
      "r580",
      "r581",
      "r582"
     ]
    },
    "srt_EuropeMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "EuropeMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Europe",
        "documentation": "Continent of Europe."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fair Value, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of information about asset and liability measured at fair value on recurring and nonrecurring basis."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r528",
      "r529",
      "r531"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by level within fair value hierarchy and fair value measured at net asset value per share as practical expedient."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r382",
      "r434",
      "r435",
      "r436",
      "r437",
      "r438",
      "r439",
      "r529",
      "r558",
      "r559",
      "r560",
      "r666",
      "r667",
      "r678",
      "r679",
      "r680"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FairValueDisclosuresAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurement"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r530"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FairValueInputsLevel2Member",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Level 2",
        "documentation": "Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for an asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including, but not limited to, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r382",
      "r434",
      "r439",
      "r529",
      "r559",
      "r666",
      "r667",
      "r678",
      "r679",
      "r680"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Fair value measurements",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets, liabilities and instruments classified in shareholders' equity. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, how an entity that manages a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of its net exposure measures the fair value of those assets and liabilities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Categories used to prioritize the inputs to valuation techniques to measure fair value."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r382",
      "r434",
      "r435",
      "r436",
      "r437",
      "r438",
      "r439",
      "r558",
      "r559",
      "r560",
      "r666",
      "r667",
      "r678",
      "r679",
      "r680"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life",
        "terseLabel": "Intangible assets, amortization period",
        "documentation": "Useful life of finite-lived intangible assets, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization",
        "negatedLabel": "Accumulated amortization",
        "documentation": "Accumulated amount of amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r226",
      "r350"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, Next Twelve Months",
        "terseLabel": "Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2023",
        "documentation": "Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r103"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-lived Intangible Assets Amortization Expense [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Summary of amortization expenses on intangible assets",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of amortization expense of assets, excluding financial assets, that lack physical substance, having a limited useful life."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, Year Five",
        "terseLabel": "Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2027",
        "documentation": "Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r103"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, Year Four",
        "terseLabel": "Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2026",
        "documentation": "Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r103"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, Year Three",
        "terseLabel": "Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2025",
        "documentation": "Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r103"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, Year Two",
        "terseLabel": "Estimated amortization expense for the year ending 2024",
        "documentation": "Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r103"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by major type or class of finite-lived intangible assets."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r348",
      "r349",
      "r350",
      "r351",
      "r569",
      "r570"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Estimated future amortization expense"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Gross",
        "verboseLabel": "Gross carrying amount",
        "documentation": "Amount before amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r101",
      "r570"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Major Class Name [Domain]",
        "documentation": "The major class of finite-lived intangible asset (for example, patents, trademarks, copyrights, etc.) A major class is composed of intangible assets that can be grouped together because they are similar, either by their nature or by their use in the operations of a company."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r98",
      "r100"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net",
        "terseLabel": "Intangible assets, net",
        "totalLabel": "Net carrying amount",
        "verboseLabel": "Intangible assets, net",
        "documentation": "Amount after amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r101",
      "r569"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1": {
     "xbrltype": "pureItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConvenienceTranslationDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Foreign Currency Exchange Rate, Translation",
        "terseLabel": "Convenience translation rate (in RMB/USD)",
        "documentation": "Foreign exchange rate used to translate amounts denominated in functional currency to reporting currency."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r539",
      "r540"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 9.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Foreign Currency Transaction Gain (Loss), Unrealized",
        "negatedLabel": "Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)",
        "documentation": "Amount before tax of foreign currency transaction unrealized gain (loss) recognized in the income statement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r66",
      "r787",
      "r788"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Foreign currency translation and foreign currency risks",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for (1) transactions denominated in a currency other than the reporting enterprise's functional currency, (2) translating foreign currency financial statements that are incorporated into the financial statements of the reporting enterprise by consolidation, combination, or the equity method of accounting, and (3) remeasurement of the financial statements of a foreign reporting enterprise in a hyperinflationary economy."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r541"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "FurnitureAndFixturesMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Furniture",
        "terseLabel": "Furniture",
        "documentation": "Equipment commonly used in offices and stores that have no permanent connection to the structure of a building or utilities. Examples include, but are not limited to, desks, chairs, tables, and bookcases."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "currency_GBP": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022",
     "localname": "GBP",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Denominated in GPB"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "GainLossOnInvestments",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 8.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Gain (Loss) on Investments",
        "negatedLabel": "Investment income",
        "terseLabel": "Investment income",
        "verboseLabel": "Changes in fair value of investments",
        "documentation": "Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r55",
      "r92",
      "r704"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 10.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Property Plant Equipment",
        "negatedLabel": "Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment",
        "documentation": "Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment assets, including oil and gas property and timber property."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r65"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingExpenses",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "General and Administrative Expense",
        "negatedLabel": "General and administrative expenses (including allowance for doubtful accounts of RMB1,272,454, RMB25,044,327 and RMB139,445,017 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively)",
        "documentation": "The aggregate total of expenses of managing and administering the affairs of an entity, including affiliates of the reporting entity, which are not directly or indirectly associated with the manufacture, sale or creation of a product or product line."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r53"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "General and administrative expenses",
        "terseLabel": "General and administrative expenses",
        "documentation": "Primary financial statement caption encompassing general and administrative expense."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r49"
     ]
    },
    "niu_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for inclusion of significant items in the general and administrative expenses (or similar) expense report caption.",
        "label": "General And Administrative Expenses, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "General and Administrative Expenses"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents information pertaining to 2016 Global Share Incentive Plan and amended it in March 2018 (the \"Amended 2016 Plan\").",
        "label": "Amended 2016 Plan"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Intangible assets, net",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for intangible assets. This accounting policy may address both intangible assets subject to amortization and those that are not. The following also may be disclosed: (1) a description of intangible assets (2) the estimated useful lives of those assets (3) the amortization method used (4) how the entity assesses and measures impairment of such assets (5) how future cash flows are estimated (6) how the fair values of such asset are determined."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r99"
     ]
    },
    "niu_GovernmentGrants": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "GovernmentGrants",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of government grants.",
        "label": "Government Grants",
        "terseLabel": "Government grants"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for government grants.",
        "label": "Government Grants [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Government Grants"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSellingAndMarketingExpensesGovernmentGrantsEmployeeBenefitsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The amount of subsidies received by the entity from the government under terms of a grant program.",
        "label": "Government Grants, Subsidies Recognized",
        "terseLabel": "Government grants"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_GrossProfit": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "GrossProfit",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Gross Profit",
        "totalLabel": "Gross profit",
        "documentation": "Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r50",
      "r263",
      "r311",
      "r319",
      "r325",
      "r327",
      "r338",
      "r361",
      "r362",
      "r364",
      "r365",
      "r366",
      "r368",
      "r370",
      "r372",
      "r373",
      "r532",
      "r662",
      "r747"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Guarantees, Indemnifications and Warranties Policies [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Warranties",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for guarantees, indemnifications and product warranties, and methodologies used in determining the amount of such liabilities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r116"
     ]
    },
    "country_HK": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022",
     "localname": "HK",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Hong Kong SAR"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "currency_HKD": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022",
     "localname": "HKD",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Denominated in HKD"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "country_ID": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022",
     "localname": "ID",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Indonesia"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r698",
      "r699",
      "r700"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesLeasesImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Impairment of Intangible Assets, Finite-lived",
        "terseLabel": "Impairment of long-lived assets",
        "documentation": "The amount of impairment loss recognized in the period resulting from the write-down of the carrying amount of a finite-lived intangible asset to fair value."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r722",
      "r741"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Impairment of long-lived assets",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for recognizing and measuring the impairment of long-lived assets. An entity also may disclose its accounting policy for long-lived assets to be sold. This policy excludes goodwill and intangible assets."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r104",
      "r109"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest",
        "terseLabel": "Income (loss) before income taxes",
        "totalLabel": "Income (loss) before income taxes",
        "documentation": "Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r47",
      "r178",
      "r193",
      "r212",
      "r311",
      "r319",
      "r325",
      "r327",
      "r573",
      "r662"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Income (Loss) from Subsidiaries, before Tax",
        "verboseLabel": "Share of income (loss) from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE's subsidiaries",
        "documentation": "Amount before tax of income (loss) of subsidiary attributable to the parent entity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "IncomePerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "n/a",
        "label": "Income Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Abstract]",
        "verboseLabel": "Net income (loss) per ordinary share"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeStatementLocationAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Income Statement Location [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by location in the income statement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r353",
      "r354"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeStatementLocationDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Income Statement Location [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Location in the income statement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r354"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "INCOME TAX"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTax"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "INCOME TAX",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r264",
      "r494",
      "r495",
      "r501",
      "r507",
      "r512",
      "r514",
      "r515",
      "r516"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Income Tax Expense (Benefit)",
        "negatedLabel": "Income tax (expense) benefit",
        "terseLabel": "Income tax expense",
        "totalLabel": "Total",
        "documentation": "Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r265",
      "r280",
      "r281",
      "r310",
      "r492",
      "r508",
      "r513",
      "r578"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Reconciliation of differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Income Taxes",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r247",
      "r488",
      "r489",
      "r495",
      "r496",
      "r500",
      "r504"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 8.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance, Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Change in valuation allowance",
        "documentation": "Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to increase (decrease) in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r782"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Foreign Income Tax Rate Differential, Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Non-PRC entities not subject to income tax",
        "documentation": "Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to foreign income tax expense (benefit)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r782"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Computed expected income tax expense (benefit)",
        "documentation": "The amount of income tax expense or benefit for the period computed by applying the domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r493"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 5.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Other, Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Other non-deductible expenses",
        "documentation": "Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to other nondeductible expenses."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r782"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Share-based Compensation Cost, Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Non-deductible share-based compensation expenses",
        "documentation": "Amount of reported income tax expense (benefit) in excess of (less than) expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying domestic federal statutory income tax rate to pretax income (loss) from continuing operation, attributable to nondeductible expense for award under share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, expense determined to be nondeductible upon grant or after for award under share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r782"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 7.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Prior Year Income Taxes, Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Tax filing differences",
        "documentation": "Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to revisions of previously reported income tax expense (benefit)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r782"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxReconciliationOfDifferencesBetweenPrcStatutoryIncomeTaxRateAndEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Credit, Research, Amount",
        "negatedLabel": "Research and development expenses bonus deduction",
        "documentation": "Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to research tax credit."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r782"
     ]
    },
    "niu_IncomeTaxesLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxesLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.",
        "label": "Income Taxes [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "INCOME TAX"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxesPaidNet",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Income Taxes Paid, Net",
        "terseLabel": "Income tax paid",
        "documentation": "The amount of cash paid during the current period to foreign, federal, state, and local authorities as taxes on income, net of any cash received during the current period as refunds for the overpayment of taxes."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r69"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncomeTaxesReceivable": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxesReceivable",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Income Taxes Receivable, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Income tax receivable",
        "documentation": "Carrying amount due within one year of the balance sheet date (or one operating cycle, if longer) from tax authorities as of the balance sheet date representing refunds of overpayments or recoveries based on agreed-upon resolutions of disputes."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r190",
      "r210",
      "r711"
     ]
    },
    "niu_IncomeTaxesTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "IncomeTaxesTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Schedule of information pertaining to income taxes.",
        "label": "Income Taxes [Table]"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 15.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Payable",
        "terseLabel": "Accounts payable and notes payable",
        "documentation": "The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate amount of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r64"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 11.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Receivable",
        "negatedLabel": "Accounts receivable",
        "documentation": "The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in amount due within one year (or one business cycle) from customers for the credit sale of goods and services."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r64"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 21.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Income Taxes Payable",
        "terseLabel": "Income taxes payable",
        "documentation": "The increase (decrease) during the period in the amount due for taxes based on the reporting entity's earnings or attributable to the entity's income earning process (business presence) within a given jurisdiction."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r64"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 19.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Accrued Liabilities and Other Operating Liabilities",
        "terseLabel": "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities",
        "documentation": "Amount of increase (decrease) in accrued expenses, and obligations classified as other."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r721"
     ]
    },
    "niu_IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 16.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The increase (decrease) during the reporting period for advances from customers.",
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Advances from Customers",
        "terseLabel": "Advances from customers"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 17.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Contract with Customer, Liability",
        "terseLabel": "Deferred revenue",
        "documentation": "Amount of increase (decrease) in obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r566",
      "r721"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 20.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Income Taxes Receivable",
        "negatedLabel": "Income tax receivable",
        "documentation": "The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in income taxes receivable, which represents the amount due from tax authorities for refunds of overpayments or recoveries of income taxes paid."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r64"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInInventories",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 12.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Inventories",
        "negatedLabel": "Inventories",
        "documentation": "The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate value of all inventory held by the reporting entity, associated with underlying transactions that are classified as operating activities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r64"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Operating Capital [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Changes in operating assets and liabilities:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 22.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "No definition.",
        "label": "Increase Decrease In Operating Leases Liabilities",
        "negatedLabel": "Operating lease liabilities"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 14.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Other Noncurrent Assets",
        "negatedLabel": "Other non-current assets",
        "documentation": "Amount of increase (decrease) in noncurrent assets classified as other."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r721"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 18.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Other Noncurrent Liabilities",
        "terseLabel": "Other non-current liabilities",
        "documentation": "Amount of increase (decrease) in noncurrent operating liabilities classified as other."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 13.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Prepaid Expense and Other Assets",
        "negatedLabel": "Prepayments and other current assets",
        "documentation": "Amount of increase (decrease) in prepaid expenses, and assets classified as other."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r64"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]",
        "terseLabel": "Increase (decrease) in shareholders' deficit",
        "documentation": "A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Additional shares included in the calculation of diluted EPS as a result of the potentially dilutive effect of share based payment arrangements, outstanding share options.",
        "label": "Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Share-based Payment Arrangements, Outstanding Share Options",
        "terseLabel": "Dilutive effect of outstanding share options"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Additional shares included in the calculation of diluted EPS as a result of the potentially dilutive effect of share based payment arrangements, unvested restricted share units.",
        "label": "Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Share-based Payment Arrangements, Unvested Restricted Share Units",
        "terseLabel": "Dilutive effect of unvested restricted share units"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNet"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for all or part of the information related to intangible assets."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r352"
     ]
    },
    "niu_InterCompanyPayables": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "InterCompanyPayables",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The amount of payables to inter companies as on balance sheet date.",
        "label": "Inter Company Payables",
        "terseLabel": "Amounts due to inter-companies"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_InterCompanyReceivables": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "InterCompanyReceivables",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The amount of receivables from inter companies as on balance sheet date.",
        "label": "Inter Company Receivables",
        "terseLabel": "Amounts due from inter-companies"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_InterestBearingDepositsInBanks": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InterestBearingDepositsInBanks",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Interest-bearing Deposits in Banks and Other Financial Institutions",
        "terseLabel": "Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions",
        "documentation": "For banks and other depository institutions (including Federal Reserve Banks, if applicable): Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions for relatively short periods of time including, for example, certificates of deposits, which are presented separately from cash on the balance sheet."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r180",
      "r192"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InterestExpense": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InterestExpense",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Interest Expense",
        "negatedLabel": "Interest expenses",
        "documentation": "Amount of the cost of borrowed funds accounted for as interest expense."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r177",
      "r195",
      "r251",
      "r308",
      "r542"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InterestPaidNet": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InterestPaidNet",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Interest Paid, Excluding Capitalized Interest, Operating Activities",
        "terseLabel": "Interest paid",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash paid for interest, excluding capitalized interest, classified as operating activity. Includes, but is not limited to, payment to settle zero-coupon bond for accreted interest of debt discount and debt instrument with insignificant coupon interest rate in relation to effective interest rate of borrowing attributable to accreted interest of debt discount."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r255",
      "r259",
      "r260"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InterestPayableCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 9.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Interest Payable, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Interest payable",
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of [accrued] interest payable on all forms of debt, including trade payables, that has been incurred and is unpaid. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r30"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InterestReceivableCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InterestReceivableCurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 6.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Interest Receivable, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Interest receivable",
        "documentation": "Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of current interest earned but not received. Also called accrued interest or accrued interest receivable. For classified balance sheets, represents the current amount receivable, that is amounts expected to be collected within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r711"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InternetDomainNamesMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Internet Domain Names",
        "terseLabel": "Domain name",
        "documentation": "String of typographic characters used to describe the location of a specific individual, business, computer, or piece of information online. Formally known as the Uniform Resource Locator or URL, it is often considered to be the address of a certain World Wide Web site."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r160"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InventoryDisclosureTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventories"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "INVENTORIES",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for inventory. Includes, but is not limited to, the basis of stating inventory, the method of determining inventory cost, the classes of inventory, and the nature of the cost elements included in inventory."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r347"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InventoryFinishedGoods",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_InventoryNet",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Inventory, Finished Goods, Gross",
        "terseLabel": "Finished goods",
        "documentation": "Amount before valuation and LIFO reserves of completed merchandise or goods expected to be sold within one year or operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r712"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InventoryNet": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InventoryNet",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 6.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Inventory, Net",
        "terseLabel": "Inventories",
        "totalLabel": "Inventories",
        "documentation": "Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r237",
      "r649",
      "r688"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InventoryNetAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "INVENTORIES"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InventoryPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Inventories",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of inventory accounting policy for inventory classes, including, but not limited to, basis for determining inventory amounts, methods by which amounts are added and removed from inventory classes, loss recognition on impairment of inventories, and situations in which inventories are stated above cost."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r222",
      "r236",
      "r296",
      "r344",
      "r346",
      "r347",
      "r567",
      "r658"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_InventoryNet",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Inventory, Raw Materials and Supplies, Gross",
        "terseLabel": "Raw materials",
        "documentation": "Gross amount of unprocessed materials to be used in manufacturing or production process and supplies that will be consumed."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r714"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InventoryWorkInProcess",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_InventoryNet",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Inventory, Work in Process, Gross",
        "terseLabel": "Works in progress",
        "documentation": "Amount before valuation and LIFO reserves of merchandise or goods in the production process expected to be completed within one year or operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r713"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InventoryWriteDown",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 7.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Inventory Write-down",
        "verboseLabel": "Write-down of inventories (Note 5)",
        "documentation": "Amount of loss from reductions in inventory due to subsequent measurement adjustments, including, but not limited to, physical deterioration, obsolescence, or changes in price levels."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r345"
     ]
    },
    "niu_InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of investment in and amounts due from subsidiaries, consolidated Variable Interest Entities and Variable Interest Entity's subsidiaries.",
        "label": "Investment In And Amount Due From Subsidiaries, Consolidated Variable Interest Entities And Variable Interest Entity's Subsidiaries",
        "verboseLabel": "Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE's subsidiaries"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InvestmentIncomeInterest",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Investment Income, Interest",
        "terseLabel": "Interest income",
        "documentation": "Amount before accretion (amortization) of purchase discount (premium) of interest income on nonoperating securities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r54",
      "r307"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InvestmentPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Investment, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Short-term investments",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for investment in financial asset."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r337",
      "r801"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InvestmentTypeAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Investment Type [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by type of investments."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r589",
      "r590",
      "r591",
      "r592",
      "r593",
      "r594",
      "r595",
      "r596",
      "r597",
      "r598",
      "r599",
      "r600",
      "r601",
      "r602",
      "r603"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Investments [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Asset obtained to generate income or appreciate in value."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r589",
      "r590",
      "r591",
      "r592",
      "r593",
      "r594",
      "r595",
      "r596",
      "r597",
      "r598",
      "r599",
      "r600",
      "r601",
      "r602",
      "r603"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Investments, Fair Value Disclosure",
        "verboseLabel": "Short-term investments (Note 3)",
        "documentation": "Fair value portion of investment securities, including, but not limited to, marketable securities, derivative financial instruments, and investments accounted for under the equity method."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r528"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestments"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Investments in Debt and Marketable Equity Securities (and Certain Trading Assets) Disclosure [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for investments in certain debt and equity securities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r96",
      "r179",
      "r196",
      "r214",
      "r624"
     ]
    },
    "niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "JiangsuXiaoniuMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "This member stands for Jiangsu Xiaoniu.",
        "label": "Jiangsu Xiaoniu"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "country_KY": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022",
     "localname": "KY",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cayman"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to key components of electric scooters.",
        "label": "Key Components of Electric Scooter [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Key components of electric scooters"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesLeasesImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Estimated useful life of land use right, net, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.",
        "label": "Land Use Right, Net, Estimated Useful Life",
        "terseLabel": "Estimated useful life of land use right, net"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for land use right, net.",
        "label": "Land Use Right, Net Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Leases"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LeaseholdImprovementsMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Leasehold improvements",
        "terseLabel": "Leasehold improvement",
        "documentation": "Additions or improvements to assets held under a lease arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r106"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LeasesAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LeasesAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "OPERATING LEASES"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of Leasing Costs Other Than Operating and Short term Lease Costs.",
        "label": "Leasing Costs Other Than Operating and Short term Lease Costs",
        "terseLabel": "Leasing costs other than operating leases costs and short-term lease"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity [Table Text Block]",
        "verboseLabel": "Schedule of maturities of lease liabilities under the group's non-cancellable operating leases",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of undiscounted cash flows of lessee's operating lease liability. Includes, but is not limited to, reconciliation of undiscounted cash flows to operating lease liability recognized in statement of financial position."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r791"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetailsCalc2": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid",
        "totalLabel": "Total undiscounted lease payment",
        "documentation": "Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r554"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree",
        "verboseLabel": "Within 1 year",
        "documentation": "Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r554"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Two",
        "verboseLabel": "After 1 year but within 2 years",
        "documentation": "Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r554"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetailsCalc2": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Undiscounted Excess Amount",
        "negatedLabel": "less: Imputed interest",
        "documentation": "Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments in excess of discounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r554"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeases"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "OPERATING LEASES",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for operating leases of lessee. Includes, but is not limited to, description of operating lease and maturity analysis of operating lease liability."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r555"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_Liabilities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "Liabilities",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Liabilities",
        "totalLabel": "Total liabilities",
        "documentation": "Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r29",
      "r263",
      "r338",
      "r361",
      "r362",
      "r364",
      "r365",
      "r366",
      "r368",
      "r370",
      "r372",
      "r373",
      "r519",
      "r522",
      "r523",
      "r532",
      "r661",
      "r747",
      "r792",
      "r793"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LiabilitiesAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Liabilities.",
        "terseLabel": "LIABILITIES",
        "verboseLabel": "Liabilities"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Liabilities and Equity",
        "totalLabel": "Total liabilities and shareholders' equity",
        "documentation": "Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r19",
      "r188",
      "r205",
      "r688",
      "r726",
      "r738",
      "r786"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LiabilitiesCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_Liabilities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Liabilities, Current",
        "totalLabel": "Total current liabilities",
        "documentation": "Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r32",
      "r221",
      "r263",
      "r338",
      "r361",
      "r362",
      "r364",
      "r365",
      "r366",
      "r368",
      "r370",
      "r372",
      "r373",
      "r519",
      "r522",
      "r523",
      "r532",
      "r688",
      "r747",
      "r792",
      "r793"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Liabilities, Current [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Current liabilities"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure",
        "terseLabel": "Liabilities at fair value",
        "documentation": "Fair value of financial and nonfinancial obligations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r172"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LiabilitiesNoncurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_Liabilities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Liabilities, Noncurrent",
        "totalLabel": "Total non-current liabilities",
        "documentation": "Amount of obligation due after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2",
      "r3",
      "r4",
      "r8",
      "r9",
      "r263",
      "r338",
      "r361",
      "r362",
      "r364",
      "r365",
      "r366",
      "r368",
      "r370",
      "r372",
      "r373",
      "r519",
      "r522",
      "r523",
      "r532",
      "r747",
      "r792",
      "r793"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Non-current liabilities"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LicensingAgreementsMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "License",
        "terseLabel": "License",
        "documentation": "Rights, generally of limited duration, under a license arrangement (for example, to sell or otherwise utilize specified products or processes in a specified territory)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r161"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate During Period",
        "terseLabel": "Percentage of interest bearded under facility agreement",
        "documentation": "The effective interest rate during the reporting period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r26"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity",
        "terseLabel": "Maximum credit facility amount",
        "documentation": "Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit facility without consideration of any current restrictions on the amount that could be borrowed or the amounts currently outstanding under the facility."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r26"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LinesOfCreditCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LinesOfCreditCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Line of Credit, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Outstanding amount",
        "documentation": "The carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the current portion of long-term obligations drawn from a line of credit, which is a bank's commitment to make loans up to a specific amount. Examples of items that might be included in the application of this element may consist of letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and revolving credit arrangements, under which borrowings can be made up to a maximum amount as of any point in time conditional on satisfaction of specified terms before, as of and after the date of drawdowns on the line. Includes short-term obligations that would normally be classified as current liabilities but for which (a) postbalance sheet date issuance of a long term obligation to refinance the short term obligation on a long term basis, or (b) the enterprise has entered into a financing agreement that clearly permits the enterprise to refinance the short-term obligation on a long term basis and the following conditions are met (1) the agreement does not expire within 1 year and is not cancelable by the lender except for violation of an objectively determinable provision, (2) no violation exists at the BS date, and (3) the lender has entered into the financing agreement is expected to be financially capable of honoring the agreement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6",
      "r183"
     ]
    },
    "niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "LithiumIonBatteryPacksMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to lithium-ion battery packs.",
        "label": "Lithium-ion battery packs"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to lithium-ion battery packs, model one.",
        "label": "Lithium-ion battery packs, model 1"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to lithium-ion battery packs, model two.",
        "label": "Lithium-ion battery packs, model 2"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNet"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for claims held for amounts due a entity, excluding financing receivables. Examples include, but are not limited to, trade accounts receivables, notes receivables, loans receivables. Includes disclosure for allowance for credit losses."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r737"
     ]
    },
    "dei_LocalPhoneNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "LocalPhoneNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Local Phone Number",
        "documentation": "Local phone number for entity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LongtermDebtTypeAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Long-Term Debt, Type [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by type of long-term debt."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r35"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "LongtermDebtTypeDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Long-Term Debt, Type [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Type of long-term debt arrangement, such as notes, line of credit, commercial paper, asset-based financing, project financing, letter of credit financing. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the company, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r35",
      "r119"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "MachineryAndEquipmentMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Machinery and equipment",
        "terseLabel": "Machinery and equipment",
        "documentation": "Tangible personal property used to produce goods and services, including, but is not limited to, tools, dies and molds, computer and office equipment."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_MajorCustomersAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "MajorCustomersAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Customer [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by name or description of a single external customer or a group of external customers."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r331",
      "r673",
      "r753",
      "r803"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermInvestmentsTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Marketable Securities [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of short-term investments",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of marketable securities. This may consist of investments in certain debt and equity securities, short-term investments and other assets."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_MaturityOfTimeDeposits": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "MaturityOfTimeDeposits",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Maturity of Time Deposits",
        "terseLabel": "Original maturities of term deposit",
        "documentation": "Period of time between issuance and maturity of customer deposits, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r216"
     ]
    },
    "niu_MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesPrincipalTermsOfVieAgreementsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Maximum amount of equity interests permitted under Exclusive Option Agreement.",
        "label": "Maximum Equity Interests Permitted under Exclusive Option Agreement",
        "terseLabel": "Maximum equity holders' interests permitted under Exclusive Option Agreement"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_MaximumMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "MaximumMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Maximum",
        "terseLabel": "Maximum",
        "documentation": "Upper limit of the provided range."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r357",
      "r358",
      "r359",
      "r360",
      "r441",
      "r565",
      "r579",
      "r621",
      "r622",
      "r670",
      "r681",
      "r691",
      "r751",
      "r794",
      "r795",
      "r796",
      "r797",
      "r798",
      "r799"
     ]
    },
    "niu_MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Withholding income tax rate if foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of shares of the FIE.",
        "label": "Maximum Withholding Income Tax Rate if Foreign Investor Owns At Least Twenty Five Percent of Shares in Foreign Investment",
        "terseLabel": "Withholding income tax rate"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxPrcTaxAdministrationAndCollectionLawDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the minimum amount of underpayment of taxes for statute of limitations to be extended to five years.",
        "label": "Minimum Amount Of Underpayment Of Taxes For Statute Of Limitation To Be Extended To Five Years",
        "terseLabel": "Minimum amount of underpayment of taxes for statute of limitations to be extended to five years"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_MinimumMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "MinimumMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Minimum",
        "terseLabel": "Minimum",
        "documentation": "Lower limit of the provided range."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r357",
      "r358",
      "r359",
      "r360",
      "r441",
      "r565",
      "r579",
      "r621",
      "r622",
      "r670",
      "r681",
      "r691",
      "r751",
      "r794",
      "r795",
      "r796",
      "r797",
      "r798",
      "r799"
     ]
    },
    "niu_MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The minimum direct ownership percentage in the foreign invested enterprises owned by the foreign investor, determining whether the lower withholding income tax rate can be applied for dividends distributed by the foreign invested enterprise to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong.",
        "label": "Minimum Percentage Directly Owned by Foreign Investor for Lower Withholding Income Tax Rate",
        "terseLabel": "Percentage of ownership interests held by foreign investors (as a percent)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesPrincipalTermsOfVieAgreementsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Minimum value of material assets for dispositions under Exclusive Option Agreement.",
        "label": "Minimum Value of Material Assets for Dispositions under Exclusive Option Agreement",
        "terseLabel": "Minimum value of material assets for dispositions under Exclusive Option Agreement"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Free service period for mobile application services to customers, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.",
        "label": "Mobile Application Services, Free Service Period",
        "terseLabel": "Free service period"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of increase in modification for operating lease liability.",
        "label": "Modification To Operating Lease Liabilities",
        "negatedLabel": "Modification to right-of-use assets"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "MovementInStandardProductWarrantyAccrualRollForward",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMovementOfProvisionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]",
        "terseLabel": "Movement of provision",
        "documentation": "A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "NameOfMajorCustomerDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Customer [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Single external customer or group of external customers."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r331",
      "r673",
      "r753",
      "r803"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities",
        "terseLabel": "Net cash used in financing activities",
        "totalLabel": "Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities",
        "verboseLabel": "Net cash provided by financing activities",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r258"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Financing activities:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities",
        "terseLabel": "Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities",
        "totalLabel": "Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities",
        "verboseLabel": "Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r258"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Investing activities:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities",
        "terseLabel": "Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities",
        "totalLabel": "Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities",
        "verboseLabel": "Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r62",
      "r63",
      "r66"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Operating activities:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NetIncomeLoss",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent",
        "terseLabel": "Net income (loss)",
        "totalLabel": "Net income (loss)",
        "documentation": "The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r48",
      "r66",
      "r194",
      "r211",
      "r219",
      "r243",
      "r245",
      "r250",
      "r263",
      "r272",
      "r274",
      "r275",
      "r276",
      "r277",
      "r280",
      "r281",
      "r287",
      "r311",
      "r319",
      "r325",
      "r327",
      "r338",
      "r361",
      "r362",
      "r364",
      "r365",
      "r366",
      "r368",
      "r370",
      "r372",
      "r373",
      "r527",
      "r532",
      "r662",
      "r747"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDilutedAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Diluted [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Numerator:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Recent Accounting Pronouncements",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Noncash or Part Noncash Acquisition, Investments Acquired",
        "terseLabel": "Prepayment for a service in previous year to purchase of an investment",
        "documentation": "The amount of investments that an Entity acquires in a noncash (or part noncash) acquisition. Noncash is defined as information about all investing and financing activities of an enterprise during a period that affect recognized assets or liabilities but that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. \"Part noncash\" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r70",
      "r71",
      "r72"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Nonvested Restricted Stock Shares Activity [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Summary of the restricted share units activities",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of the changes in outstanding nonvested restricted stock shares."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r138"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_NotesPayableAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NotesPayableAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "NOTES PAYABLE"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NotesPayableCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Notes Payable, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Notes payable (including notes payable of VIE without recourse to the Company were RMB316,832,113 and RMB167,282,688 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)",
        "verboseLabel": "Notes payable",
        "documentation": "Sum of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of the portions of long-term notes payable due within one year or the operating cycle if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r28"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Notes Payable.",
        "terseLabel": "Notes Payable",
        "documentation": "A written promise to pay a note to a third party."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_NotesPayableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "NotesPayableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Entire disclosure of notes payable.",
        "label": "Notes Payable [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "NOTES PAYABLE"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments": {
     "xbrltype": "integerItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "NumberOfOperatingSegments",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesSegmentReportingDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Number of Operating Segments",
        "terseLabel": "Number of operating segment",
        "documentation": "Number of operating segments. An operating segment is a component of an enterprise: (a) that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses (including revenues and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same enterprise), (b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise's chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and (c) for which discrete financial information is available. An operating segment may engage in business activities for which it has yet to earn revenues, for example, start-up operations may be operating segments before earning revenues."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r736"
     ]
    },
    "srt_ObligorGroupMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ObligorGroupMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Obligor Group [Member]",
        "documentation": "Parent company, subsidiary issuer, and guarantor subsidiary on combined basis."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r746",
      "r807"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OfficeEquipmentMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Office and electronic equipment",
        "terseLabel": "Office and electronic equipment",
        "documentation": "Tangible personal property used in an office setting. Examples include, but are not limited to, computers, copiers and fax machine."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingExpenses": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingExpenses",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Expenses",
        "negatedLabel": "Total operating expenses",
        "negatedTotalLabel": "Total operating expenses",
        "documentation": "Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingExpensesAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Expenses [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Operating expenses:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingIncomeLoss",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Income (Loss)",
        "totalLabel": "Operating income (loss)",
        "documentation": "The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r311",
      "r319",
      "r325",
      "r327",
      "r662"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingLeaseCost",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Lease, Cost",
        "terseLabel": "Operating lease cost",
        "documentation": "Amount of single lease cost, calculated by allocation of remaining cost of lease over remaining lease term. Includes, but is not limited to, single lease cost, after impairment of right-of-use asset, calculated by amortization of remaining right-of-use asset and accretion of lease liability."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r548",
      "r687"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 6.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Lease, Impairment Loss",
        "terseLabel": "Reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets",
        "documentation": "Amount of loss from impairment of right-of-use asset from operating lease."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r790"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingLeaseLiability",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetailsCalc2": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Lease, Liability",
        "totalLabel": "Total operating lease liabilities",
        "verboseLabel": "Present value of lease liabilities",
        "documentation": "Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r545"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 8.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Lease, Liability, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Operating lease liabilities-current (Note 12)",
        "documentation": "Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r545"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList": {
     "xbrltype": "enumerationSetItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]",
        "terseLabel": "Operating lease liabilities-current, financial statement location",
        "documentation": "Indicates line item in statement of financial position that includes current operating lease liability."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r546"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent",
        "netLabel": "Operating lease liabilities",
        "terseLabel": "Operating lease liabilities-non-current",
        "verboseLabel": "Operating lease liabilities-non-current (including operating lease liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company were RMB7,569,128 and RMB280,421 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)",
        "documentation": "Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r545"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingLeasePayments",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Lease, Payments",
        "terseLabel": "Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash outflow from operating lease, excluding payments to bring another asset to condition and location necessary for its intended use."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r547",
      "r550"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 5.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset",
        "verboseLabel": "Operating lease right-of-use assets",
        "documentation": "Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r544"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent",
        "terseLabel": "Weighted average discount rate",
        "documentation": "Weighted average discount rate for operating lease calculated at point in time."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r553",
      "r687"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term",
        "terseLabel": "Weighted average remaining lease term",
        "documentation": "Weighted average remaining lease term for operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r552",
      "r687"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OperatingLossCarryforwards",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Operating Loss Carryforwards",
        "totalLabel": "Operating loss carry forwards, Total",
        "documentation": "Amount of operating loss carryforward, before tax effects, available to reduce future taxable income under enacted tax laws."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r155"
     ]
    },
    "niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in fifth year.",
        "label": "Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Year Five",
        "terseLabel": "Operating loss carry forwards, 2028"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in fourth year.",
        "label": "Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Year Four",
        "terseLabel": "Operating loss carry forwards, 2027"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in first year.",
        "label": "Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Year One",
        "terseLabel": "Operating loss carry forwards, 2024"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in third year.",
        "label": "Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Year Three",
        "terseLabel": "Operating loss carry forwards, 2026"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 5.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxOperatingLossCarryForwardsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of operating loss carryforward expires in second year.",
        "label": "Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Year Two",
        "terseLabel": "Operating loss carry forwards, 2025"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherAssetsCurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 7.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Assets, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Others",
        "documentation": "Amount of current assets classified as other."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r238",
      "r688"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Assets, Miscellaneous, Noncurrent",
        "terseLabel": "Others",
        "documentation": "Amount of other miscellaneous assets expected to be realized or consumed after one year or normal operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherAssetsNoncurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 6.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Assets, Noncurrent",
        "terseLabel": "Other non-current assets",
        "totalLabel": "Other non-current assets",
        "documentation": "Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r227"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherAssetsNoncurrentAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent",
        "terseLabel": "Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of nil income taxes",
        "verboseLabel": "Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of nil income taxes",
        "documentation": "Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature, attributable to parent entity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r162",
      "r163",
      "r165"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquityParenthetical",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment, Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent",
        "terseLabel": "Foreign currency translation adjustment, income tax",
        "documentation": "Amount of tax expense (benefit), after reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature, attributable to parent entity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r162",
      "r163",
      "r165"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Securities, Available-for-sale, Adjustment, before Reclassification Adjustments, after Tax",
        "terseLabel": "Unrealized gain on available for sale securities, net income taxes of RMB5,809,288, RMB1,184,686 and RMB3,080 for the year 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively",
        "verboseLabel": "Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale security, net of income taxes",
        "documentation": "Amount, after tax and before adjustment, of unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale) and unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r240",
      "r241"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent [Abstract]",
        "verboseLabel": "Other comprehensive income (loss)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI for Sale of Securities, Net of Tax",
        "negatedLabel": "Less: reclassification adjustment for gain on available for sale securities realized in net income, net income taxes of RMB5,291,894, RMB1,698,460 and RMB64,025 for the year 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively",
        "negatedTerseLabel": "Reclassification adjustment for gains on available-for-sale securities realized in net income, net of income taxes",
        "documentation": "Amount after tax of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized gain (loss) realized upon the sale of available-for-sale securities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r41",
      "r45",
      "r95",
      "r242"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquityParenthetical",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI for Sale of Securities, Tax",
        "terseLabel": "Reclassification adjustment for gain on available for sale securities realized in net income, income tax",
        "verboseLabel": "Reclassification adjustment for gains on available-for-sale securities realized in net income, income tax",
        "documentation": "Amount of tax expense (benefit) of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized gain (loss) realized upon the sale of available-for-sale securities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r42",
      "r95"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquityParenthetical",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Holding Gain (Loss) Arising During Period, Tax",
        "terseLabel": "Unrealized gain on available for sale securities, income tax",
        "verboseLabel": "Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale security, income taxes",
        "documentation": "Amount, before adjustment, of tax expense (benefit) for unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale). Excludes tax expense (benefit) for unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r42",
      "r241"
     ]
    },
    "niu_OtherCountriesMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "OtherCountriesMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to other countries than PRC and Europe.",
        "label": "Others"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilities"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Liabilities Disclosure [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for other liabilities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r31"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Liabilities, Noncurrent",
        "terseLabel": "Other non-current liabilities (including other non-current liabilities of VIE without recourse to the Company of RMB13,441,382 and RMB8,968,519 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)",
        "totalLabel": "Other non-current liabilities",
        "verboseLabel": "Other non-current liabilities",
        "documentation": "Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r36"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for other non-current assets.",
        "label": "Other Non Current Assets [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Noncurrent Liabilities [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Summary of other non-current liabilities",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of other noncurrent liabilities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherReceivables": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherReceivables",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 5.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Receivables",
        "terseLabel": "Receivable from online platforms",
        "documentation": "Amount due from parties in nontrade transactions, classified as other."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r233"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Sundry Liabilities, Noncurrent",
        "terseLabel": "Others",
        "documentation": "Obligations not otherwise itemized or categorized in the footnotes to the financial statements that are expected to be paid after one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer), from the balance sheet date."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r10",
      "r186",
      "r202"
     ]
    },
    "srt_OwnershipAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "OwnershipAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Ownership [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by name of entity in which ownership interest is disclosed. Excludes equity method investee and named security investment."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_OwnershipDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "OwnershipDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Ownership [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Name of entity in which ownership interest is disclosed. Excludes equity method investee and named security investment."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_ParentCompanyMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ParentCompanyMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Parent Company",
        "documentation": "The registrant that controls, directly or indirectly, another entity (or entities). The usual condition for control is ownership of a majority (over 50 percent) of the outstanding voting stock. The power to control may also exist with a lesser percentage of ownership, for example, by contract, lease, agreement with other stockholders or by court decree."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r268"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Payments for (Proceeds from) Other Investing Activities",
        "negatedLabel": "Others",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash (inflow) outflow from investing activities classified as other."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r719",
      "r720"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 7.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Payments to Acquire Equity Securities, FV-NI",
        "negatedLabel": "Prepayment for an investment",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash outflow to acquire investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI), classified as investing activity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r256",
      "r336"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment",
        "negatedLabel": "Cash paid for purchase of property, plant and equipment",
        "documentation": "The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r57"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 5.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Payments to Acquire Short-term Investments",
        "negatedLabel": "Cash paid for purchase of short-term investments",
        "verboseLabel": "Short-term investments",
        "documentation": "The cash outflow for securities or other assets acquired, which qualify for treatment as an investing activity and are to be liquidated, if necessary, within the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the short-term."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r58"
     ]
    },
    "niu_PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The cash outflow for acquisition of term deposits.",
        "label": "Payments to Acquire Term Deposits",
        "negatedLabel": "Purchase of term deposits"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Employee Benefits",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for pension and other postretirement benefit plans. This accounting policy may address (1) the types of plans sponsored by the entity, and the benefits provided by each plan (2) groups that participate in (or are covered by) each plan (3) how plan assets, liabilities and expenses are measured, including the use of any actuaries and (4) significant assumptions used by the entity to value plan assets and liabilities and how such assumptions are derived."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r133",
      "r134",
      "r135",
      "r136",
      "r137"
     ]
    },
    "niu_PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesPrincipalTermsOfVieAgreementsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Percentage of monthly net profits as per Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement.",
        "label": "Percentage of Monthly Net Profits under Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement",
        "terseLabel": "Percentage of monthly net profits under Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxPrcTaxAdministrationAndCollectionLawDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the period of statute of limitations for transfer pricing issues.",
        "label": "Period Of Statute Of Limitations For Transfer Pricing Issues",
        "terseLabel": "Period of statute of limitations for transfer pricing issues"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxPrcTaxAdministrationAndCollectionLawDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the period of statute of limitations for underpayment of taxes which is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent.",
        "label": "Period Of Statute Of Limitations For Underpayment Of Taxes Due To Computational Errors",
        "terseLabel": "Period of statute of limitations, if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxPrcTaxAdministrationAndCollectionLawDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Period of statute of limitations, if the underpayment is more than RMB 100,000.",
        "label": "Period Of Statute Of Limitations For Underpayment Of Taxes More Than Specified Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Period of statute of limitations, if the underpayment is more than RMB 100,000"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_PlanNameAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PlanNameAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Plan Name [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by plan name for share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r756",
      "r757",
      "r758",
      "r759",
      "r760",
      "r761",
      "r762",
      "r763",
      "r764",
      "r765",
      "r766",
      "r767",
      "r768",
      "r769",
      "r770",
      "r771",
      "r772",
      "r773",
      "r774",
      "r775",
      "r776",
      "r777",
      "r778",
      "r779",
      "r780",
      "r781"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PlanNameDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PlanNameDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Plan Name [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Plan name for share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r756",
      "r757",
      "r758",
      "r759",
      "r760",
      "r761",
      "r762",
      "r763",
      "r764",
      "r765",
      "r766",
      "r767",
      "r768",
      "r769",
      "r770",
      "r771",
      "r772",
      "r773",
      "r774",
      "r775",
      "r776",
      "r777",
      "r778",
      "r779",
      "r780",
      "r781"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 7.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Prepayments and other current assets",
        "totalLabel": "Prepayments and other current assets",
        "verboseLabel": "Prepayments and other current assets",
        "documentation": "Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r715"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_PrepaidInvestmentInEquity": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "PrepaidInvestmentInEquity",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of amounts paid in advance for investments in equity investees be classified as investments  in periods after one year or beyond the operating cycle, if longer.",
        "label": "Prepaid investment in equity",
        "terseLabel": "Prepayment for an investment"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_PrepaidLandUseRight": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "PrepaidLandUseRight",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of amounts paid in advance for land use right which will be charged against earnings in periods after one year or beyond the operating cycle, if longer.",
        "label": "Prepaid Land Use Right",
        "verboseLabel": "Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for prepayment for land use right"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of amounts paid in advance for property, plant and equipment to be classified as such in periods after one year or beyond the operating cycle, if longer.",
        "label": "Prepaid property plant and equipment",
        "terseLabel": "Prepayment for property, plant and equipment"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_PrepaidTaxes": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PrepaidTaxes",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Prepaid Taxes",
        "terseLabel": "Deductible input VAT and VAT rebates receivable",
        "documentation": "Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for income and other taxes that provide economic benefits within a future period of one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r651",
      "r663",
      "r740"
     ]
    },
    "niu_PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for prepayments and other current assets.",
        "label": "Prepayments and Other Current Assets Disclosure [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ProceedsFromBankDebt",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Proceeds from Bank Debt",
        "terseLabel": "Proceeds from short-term bank borrowings",
        "documentation": "The cash inflow from bank borrowing during the year."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r60"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Proceeds from Lines of Credit",
        "terseLabel": "Withdrawal amount under facility agreement",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash inflow from contractual arrangement with the lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r60",
      "r725"
     ]
    },
    "niu_ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of cash inflow from the sale or maturity redemption of term deposits.",
        "label": "Proceeds From Maturity Redemption Of Term Deposits",
        "terseLabel": "Cash received from redemption of term deposits"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 6.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Proceeds from Sale of Short-term Investments",
        "terseLabel": "Cash received from sale of short-term investments",
        "documentation": "The cash inflow from sales of all investments, including securities and other assets, having ready marketability and intended by management to be liquidated, if necessary, within the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the short-term."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r56"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Proceeds from Stock Options Exercised",
        "terseLabel": "Cash received from exercise of employee stock options",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash inflow from exercise of option under share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r59",
      "r145"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ProductMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ProductMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Product [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Revenues from sales of products",
        "documentation": "Article or substance produced by nature, labor or machinery."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r671"
     ]
    },
    "srt_ProductOrServiceAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ProductOrServiceAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Product and Service [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by product and service, or group of similar products and similar services."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r328",
      "r568",
      "r671",
      "r689",
      "r743",
      "r744",
      "r753",
      "r802"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "niu_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Product Warranty Accrual, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Warranty-current",
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for estimated claims under standard and extended warranty protection rights granted to customers. For classified balance sheets, represents the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r30",
      "r112",
      "r113"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Product Warranty Accrual, Noncurrent",
        "terseLabel": "Warranty-non-current",
        "documentation": "Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and due after one year (or beyond the operating cycle if longer) for estimated claims under standard and extended warranty protection rights granted to customers."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r36"
     ]
    },
    "niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty": {
     "xbrltype": "lengthItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Kilometer covered under the product liability warranty.",
        "label": "Product Warranty Liability, Kilometer Warranty",
        "terseLabel": "Kilometers covered under warranty"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ProductWarrantyLiabilityLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ProductWarrantyLiabilityTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Product Warranty Liability [Table]",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of information about product warranty liability, including, but not limited to, reductions in the liability for payments made under the warranty, changes in the liability for accruals related to product warranties issued, and changes in the liability for accruals related to preexisting warranties."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Product warranty period, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.",
        "label": "Product Warranty Liability, Term",
        "terseLabel": "Warranty term"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ProductsAndServicesDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Product and Service [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Product or service, or a group of similar products or similar services."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r328",
      "r568",
      "r671",
      "r689",
      "r743",
      "r744",
      "r753",
      "r802"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ProfitLoss": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ProfitLoss",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Income (Loss), Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest",
        "verboseLabel": "Net income (loss)",
        "documentation": "The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r219",
      "r243",
      "r245",
      "r257",
      "r263",
      "r272",
      "r280",
      "r281",
      "r311",
      "r319",
      "r325",
      "r327",
      "r338",
      "r361",
      "r362",
      "r364",
      "r365",
      "r366",
      "r368",
      "r370",
      "r372",
      "r373",
      "r517",
      "r520",
      "r521",
      "r527",
      "r532",
      "r573",
      "r662",
      "r685",
      "r686",
      "r718",
      "r747"
     ]
    },
    "niu_ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the profit taxed at half of the current tax rate under two-tiered profits tax rates regime.",
        "label": "Profit Taxed At Half Of The Current Tax Rate Under Two-Tiered Profits Tax Rates Regime",
        "terseLabel": "Threshold profit taxed at half of the current tax rate under two-tiered profits tax rates regime"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Long-Lived Tangible Asset [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by type of long-lived, physical assets used to produce goods and services and not intended for resale."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r108"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r110",
      "r608",
      "r609",
      "r610"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross",
        "terseLabel": "Property, plant and equipment",
        "documentation": "Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r106",
      "r224"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES",
        "verboseLabel": "PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Property, Plant and Equipment, Net",
        "terseLabel": "Property, plant and equipment, net",
        "totalLabel": "Property, plant and equipment, net",
        "documentation": "Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r108",
      "r206",
      "r574",
      "r688"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Property, plant and equipment, net",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r108",
      "r608",
      "r609"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of property and equipment",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation and depletion expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated deprecation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r108"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Long-Lived Tangible Asset [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Listing of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include land, buildings, machinery and equipment, and other types of furniture and equipment including, but not limited to, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment and software."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r106"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life",
        "documentation": "Useful life of long lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Examples include, but not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetMovementOfAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Provision for Doubtful Accounts",
        "terseLabel": "Additions",
        "verboseLabel": "Allowance for doubtful accounts",
        "documentation": "Amount of expense (reversal of expense) for expected credit loss on accounts receivable."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r254",
      "r341"
     ]
    },
    "niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to Public Republic of China (PRC), excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR).",
        "label": "PRC, excluding Hong Kong S.A.R."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_RangeAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "RangeAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Statistical Measurement [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by statistical measurement. Includes, but is not limited to, minimum, maximum, weighted average, arithmetic average, and median."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r357",
      "r358",
      "r359",
      "r360",
      "r433",
      "r441",
      "r472",
      "r473",
      "r474",
      "r561",
      "r565",
      "r579",
      "r621",
      "r622",
      "r670",
      "r681",
      "r691",
      "r742",
      "r751",
      "r795",
      "r796",
      "r797",
      "r798",
      "r799"
     ]
    },
    "srt_RangeMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "RangeMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Statistical Measurement [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Statistical measurement. Includes, but is not limited to, minimum, maximum, weighted average, arithmetic average, and median."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r357",
      "r358",
      "r359",
      "r360",
      "r433",
      "r441",
      "r472",
      "r473",
      "r474",
      "r561",
      "r565",
      "r579",
      "r621",
      "r622",
      "r670",
      "r681",
      "r691",
      "r742",
      "r751",
      "r795",
      "r796",
      "r797",
      "r798",
      "r799"
     ]
    },
    "niu_RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Carrying amount of refundable payment from franchised stores, which is expected to be paid after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.",
        "label": "Refundable Payment from Franchised Stores, Noncurrent",
        "terseLabel": "Refundable payment from franchised stores-non-current"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RepaymentsOfBankDebt",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities",
       "weight": -1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Repayments of Bank Debt",
        "negatedLabel": "Repayment for short-term bank borrowings",
        "verboseLabel": "Drawdowns repaid",
        "documentation": "The cash outflow to settle a bank borrowing during the year."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r61"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Repayments of Lines of Credit",
        "terseLabel": "Repayment of loan",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash outflow for payment of an obligation from a lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r61",
      "r725"
     ]
    },
    "srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ReportableLegalEntitiesMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedStatementsOfResultsOfOperationsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Reportable Legal Entities",
        "documentation": "Legal entities of the consolidated entity reporting separate financial information in the entity's financial statements."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r268",
      "r746",
      "r749",
      "r750",
      "r807",
      "r810",
      "r811"
     ]
    },
    "srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Counterparty Name [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Named other party that participates in a financial transaction. Examples include, but not limited to, the name of the financial institution."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r266",
      "r267",
      "r377",
      "r392",
      "r655",
      "r656"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingExpenses",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Research and Development Expense",
        "negatedLabel": "Research and development expenses",
        "documentation": "The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r150",
      "r215",
      "r800"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Research and development expenses",
        "terseLabel": "Research and development expenses",
        "documentation": "Primary financial statement caption in which the reported facts about research and development expense have been included."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Research and Development Expenses",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for costs it has incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r150"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash and Cash Equivalents [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Type of cash and cash equivalent. Cash is currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r223"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RestrictedCashCurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      },
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRestrictedCashDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Restricted Cash, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Restricted cash",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r709",
      "r723"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Unvested restricted share units",
        "terseLabel": "Unvested restricted share units",
        "documentation": "Share instrument which is convertible to stock or an equivalent amount of cash, after a specified period of time or when specified performance conditions are met."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_StockholdersEquity",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)",
        "terseLabel": "Accumulated deficit",
        "documentation": "The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r16",
      "r131",
      "r204",
      "r583",
      "r585",
      "r688"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RetainedEarningsMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Accumulated deficit",
        "documentation": "The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r217",
      "r269",
      "r270",
      "r271",
      "r273",
      "r279",
      "r281",
      "r339",
      "r481",
      "r482",
      "r483",
      "r505",
      "r506",
      "r525",
      "r580",
      "r582"
     ]
    },
    "niu_ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Return-and-refund policy period in days for customers customers who purchase products online, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.",
        "label": "Return And Refund Policy Term",
        "terseLabel": "Return and refund policy term (in days)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "REVENUE INFORMATION"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_GrossProfit",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax",
        "terseLabel": "Revenues",
        "verboseLabel": "Revenues",
        "documentation": "Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r305",
      "r306",
      "r318",
      "r323",
      "r324",
      "r328",
      "r329",
      "r331",
      "r427",
      "r428",
      "r568"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Revenue from Contract with Customer [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Revenue recognition",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue from contract with customer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r419",
      "r420",
      "r421",
      "r422",
      "r423",
      "r424",
      "r425",
      "r426",
      "r432",
      "r659"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "REVENUE INFORMATION",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r409",
      "r410",
      "r411",
      "r412",
      "r413",
      "r414",
      "r417",
      "r418",
      "r431",
      "r432"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of the group's revenue based on geographic areas",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of revenue from external customers by geographic areas attributed to the entity's country of domicile and to foreign countries from which the entity derives revenue."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r88"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations",
        "documentation": "Amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligation that has not been recognized as revenue."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r415"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period",
        "verboseLabel": "Period over which remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue",
        "documentation": "Period in which remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r416"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Start date of time band for expected timing of satisfaction of remaining performance obligation, in YYYY-MM-DD format."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r416"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Table]",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of information about expected timing for satisfying remaining performance obligation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Right-of-Use Asset Obtained in Exchange for Operating Lease Liability",
        "terseLabel": "Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities",
        "documentation": "Amount of increase in right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r551",
      "r687"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SalesRevenueNetMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Revenue Benchmark [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Revenue",
        "documentation": "Revenue from sale of product and rendering of service and other sources of income, when it serves as benchmark in concentration of risk calculation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r331",
      "r735"
     ]
    },
    "srt_ScenarioForecastMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ScenarioForecastMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Forecast [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Forecast",
        "documentation": "Information reported for future period. Excludes information expected to be reported in future period for effect on historical fact."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r442",
      "r732",
      "r805"
     ]
    },
    "srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Scenario [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Scenario reported, distinguishing information from actual fact. Includes, but is not limited to, pro forma and forecast. Excludes actual facts."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r282",
      "r442",
      "r706",
      "r732"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccountsReceivableNetTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of accounts receivable, net",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of the various types of trade accounts and notes receivable and for each the gross carrying value, allowance, and net carrying value as of the balance sheet date. Presentation is categorized by current, noncurrent and unclassified receivables."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r39"
     ]
    },
    "niu_ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of accrued expenses and other current liabilities.",
        "label": "Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareAntidilutiveSecuritiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table]",
        "documentation": "Schedule for securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would increase EPS amounts or decrease loss per share amounts for the period presented, by Antidilutive Securities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r77"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of antidilutive securities",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would increase EPS amounts or decrease loss per share amounts for the period presented, by antidilutive securities."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r77"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents [Table]",
        "documentation": "Schedule of cash and cash equivalent balances. This table excludes restricted cash balances."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of cash and cash equivalents",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of the components of cash and cash equivalents."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of the components of cash, cash equivalents and cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage.",
        "label": "Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents And Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of income tax expense (benefit)",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r157"
     ]
    },
    "srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Condensed Balance Sheet [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of condensed balance sheets",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of condensed balance sheet, including, but not limited to, balance sheets of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r728",
      "r806"
     ]
    },
    "srt_ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Condensed Cash Flow Statement [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of condensed statements of cash flows",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of condensed cash flow statement, including, but not limited to, cash flow statements of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r728",
      "r806"
     ]
    },
    "srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Condensed Income Statement [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of condensed statements of results of operations",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of condensed income statement, including, but not limited to, income statements of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r728",
      "r806"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r154"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computation",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of an entity's basic and diluted earnings per share calculations, including a reconciliation of numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per-share computations for income from continuing operations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r734"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of reconciliation of statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r152"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Table]",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of information about amount recognized for award under share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, amount expensed in statement of income or comprehensive income, amount capitalized in statement of financial position, and corresponding reporting line item in financial statements."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r143",
      "r146"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of share-based compensation expenses recognized",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of allocation of amount expensed and capitalized for award under share-based payment arrangement to statement of income or comprehensive income and statement of financial position. Includes, but is not limited to, corresponding line item in financial statement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r143"
     ]
    },
    "niu_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment.",
        "label": "Schedule Of Estimated Useful Lives Of Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of estimated useful lives of property and equipment"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of assets and liabilities, including [financial] instruments measured at fair value that are classified in stockholders' equity, if any, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The disclosures contemplated herein include the fair value measurements at the reporting date by the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements in their entirety fall, segregating fair value measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1), significant other observable inputs (Level 2), and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r528",
      "r529"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetAmortizationExpenseOnIntangibleAssetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table]",
        "documentation": "Schedule of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r98",
      "r100",
      "r569"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of intangible assets",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life, by either major class or business segment."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r98",
      "r100"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Components of income (loss) before income taxes",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r727"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureInventoriesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of inventories",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of the carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of merchandise, goods, commodities, or supplies held for future sale or to be used in manufacturing, servicing or production process."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1",
      "r20",
      "r21",
      "r22"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfInvestmentsLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Investments [Line Items]",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfInvestmentsTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Investments [Table]",
        "documentation": "A container table for all schedule of investment items. It ties in the \"Legal Entity [Axis]\" to all of its contained line items."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r213"
     ]
    },
    "niu_ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of supplemental information related to operating leases.",
        "label": "Schedule of Operating Leases Supplemental Information [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Summary of supplemental information related to operating leases"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Other Assets, Noncurrent [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of other non-current assets",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of noncurrent assets."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r710"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Product Warranty Liability [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of movement of provision for warranty",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of the changes in the guarantor's aggregate product warranty liability, including the beginning balance of the aggregate product warranty liability, the aggregate reductions in that liability for payments made (in cash or in kind) under the warranty, the aggregate changes in the liability for accruals related to product warranties issued during the reporting period, the aggregate changes in the liability for accruals related to preexisting warranties (including adjustments related to changes in estimates), and the ending balance of the aggregate product warranty liability."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r118"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Property, Plant and Equipment [Table]",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of information about physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation and depletion expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated deprecation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r108"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award [Table]",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of information about share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r443",
      "r445",
      "r447",
      "r448",
      "r449",
      "r451",
      "r452",
      "r453",
      "r454",
      "r455",
      "r456",
      "r457",
      "r458",
      "r459",
      "r460",
      "r461",
      "r462",
      "r463",
      "r464",
      "r465",
      "r466",
      "r467",
      "r468",
      "r471",
      "r472",
      "r473",
      "r474",
      "r475"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Summary of the share options activities",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure for stock option plans. Includes, but is not limited to, outstanding awards at beginning and end of year, grants, exercises, forfeitures, and weighted-average grant date fair value."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r139",
      "r140",
      "r141"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Short-term Debt [Table]",
        "documentation": "A table or schedule providing information pertaining to borrowings under which repayment was required in less than twelve months (or normal operating cycle, if longer) after its issuance. It may include: (1) description of the short-term debt arrangement; (2) identification of the lender or type of lender; (3) repayment terms; (4) weighted average interest rate; (5) carrying amount of funds borrowed under the specified short-term debt arrangement as of the balance sheet date and measures of the maximum and average amount outstanding during the period; (6) description of the refinancing of a short-term obligation when that obligation is excluded from current liabilities in the balance sheet; and (7) amount of a short-term obligation that has been excluded from current liabilities in the balance sheet because of a refinancing of the obligation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r27"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Short-term Debt [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of short-term bank borrowings",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of short-term debt arrangements (having initial terms of repayment within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer) including: (1) description of the short-term debt arrangement; (2) identification of the lender or type of lender; (3) repayment terms; (4) weighted average interest rate; (5) carrying amount of funds borrowed under the specified short-term debt arrangement as of the balance sheet date; (6) description of the refinancing of a short-term obligation when that obligation is excluded from current liabilities in the balance sheet; and (7) amount of a short-term obligation that has been excluded from current liabilities in the balance sheet because of a refinancing of the obligation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r27"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfStockByClassTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Stock by Class [Table]",
        "documentation": "Schedule detailing information related to equity by class of stock. Class of stock includes common, convertible, and preferred stocks which are not redeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer. It also includes preferred stock with redemption features that are solely within the control of the issuer and mandatorily redeemable stock if redemption is required to occur only upon liquidation or termination of the reporting entity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r121",
      "r122",
      "r123",
      "r125",
      "r126",
      "r127",
      "r128",
      "r129",
      "r130",
      "r131",
      "r229",
      "r230",
      "r231",
      "r298",
      "r390",
      "r391",
      "r392",
      "r394",
      "r398",
      "r403",
      "r405",
      "r670",
      "r705",
      "r724"
     ]
    },
    "niu_ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The tabular disclosure of term deposits.",
        "label": "Schedule of Term Deposits [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of term deposits"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Variable Interest Entities [Table]",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of qualitative and quantitative information related to variable interests the entity holds, whether or not such variable interest entity (VIE) is included in the reporting entity's consolidated financial statements. Includes, but is not limited to, description of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a tabular comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r167",
      "r168",
      "r169",
      "r170",
      "r171",
      "r518",
      "r519",
      "r522",
      "r523",
      "r562",
      "r563",
      "r564"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedule of Variable Interest Entities [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of Group's VIE information",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r167",
      "r168",
      "r169",
      "r170",
      "r171"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Schedules of Concentration of Risk, by Risk Factor [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Summary of concentration of customers and suppliers",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of the nature of a concentration, a benchmark to which it is compared, and the percentage that the risk is to the benchmark."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r79",
      "r81",
      "r82",
      "r83",
      "r173",
      "r175"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SecuredDebtMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Secured Debt [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Secured borrowings",
        "documentation": "Collateralized debt obligation backed by, for example, but not limited to, pledge, mortgage or other lien on the entity's assets."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_Security12bTitle": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "Security12bTitle",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Title of 12(b) Security",
        "documentation": "Title of a 12(b) registered security."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r694"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SecurityDeposit": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SecurityDeposit",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Security Deposit",
        "terseLabel": "Deposits",
        "documentation": "The amount of an asset, typically cash, provided to a counterparty to provide certain assurance of performance by the entity pursuant to the terms of a written or oral agreement, such as a lease."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r710"
     ]
    },
    "dei_SecurityExchangeName": {
     "xbrltype": "edgarExchangeCodeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "SecurityExchangeName",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Security Exchange Name",
        "documentation": "Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r696"
     ]
    },
    "srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "SegmentGeographicalDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Geographical [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Geographical area."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r329",
      "r330",
      "r611",
      "r612",
      "r613",
      "r614",
      "r615",
      "r616",
      "r617",
      "r618",
      "r619",
      "r625",
      "r629",
      "r630",
      "r631",
      "r632",
      "r633",
      "r634",
      "r635",
      "r636",
      "r672",
      "r690",
      "r753"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Segment Reporting",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for segment reporting."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r312",
      "r313",
      "r314",
      "r315",
      "r316",
      "r317",
      "r329"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpense": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SellingAndMarketingExpense",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_OperatingExpenses",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Selling and Marketing Expense",
        "negatedLabel": "Selling and marketing expenses",
        "documentation": "The aggregate total amount of expenses directly related to the marketing or selling of products or services."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDepreciationExpenseDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Selling and marketing expenses",
        "terseLabel": "Selling and marketing expenses",
        "documentation": "Primary financial statement caption encompassing selling and marketing expense."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r49"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ServiceMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ServiceMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Service revenues",
        "terseLabel": "Revenues from sales of services",
        "documentation": "Assistance, including, but not limited to, technology, license and maintenance, license and service, maintenance, oil and gas, and financial service."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r671"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensation",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 4.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation.",
        "terseLabel": "Share-based compensation (Note 15)",
        "documentation": "Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r64"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Forfeited in Period",
        "negatedLabel": "Forfeited (in shares)",
        "documentation": "The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that were forfeited during the reporting period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r464"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Forfeitures, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value",
        "verboseLabel": "Forfeited (in dollars per share)",
        "documentation": "Weighted average fair value as of the grant date of equity-based award plans other than stock (unit) option plans that were not exercised or put into effect as a result of the occurrence of a terminating event."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r464"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period",
        "terseLabel": "Granted (in shares)",
        "verboseLabel": "Number of awards granted (in shares)",
        "documentation": "The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r462"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value",
        "terseLabel": "Granted (in dollars per share)",
        "documentation": "The weighted average fair value at grant date for nonvested equity-based awards issued during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r462"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number",
        "periodEndLabel": "Unvested balance at end of period (in shares)",
        "periodStartLabel": "Unvested balance at beginning of period (in shares)",
        "documentation": "The number of non-vested equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that validly exist and are outstanding as of the balance sheet date."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r459",
      "r460"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]",
        "terseLabel": "Number of shares",
        "documentation": "A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value",
        "periodEndLabel": "Unvested balance at end of period (in dollars per share)",
        "periodStartLabel": "Unvested balance at beginning of period (in dollars per share)",
        "documentation": "Per share or unit weighted-average fair value of nonvested award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes share and unit options."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r459",
      "r460"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Weighted average grant date fair value"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period",
        "negatedLabel": "Vested (in shares)",
        "documentation": "The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that vested during the reporting period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r463"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value",
        "terseLabel": "Vested (in dollars per share)",
        "documentation": "The weighted average fair value as of grant date pertaining to an equity-based award plan other than a stock (or unit) option plan for which the grantee gained the right during the reporting period, by satisfying service and performance requirements, to receive or retain shares or units, other instruments, or cash in accordance with the terms of the arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r463"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Additional Shares Authorized",
        "verboseLabel": "Maximum aggregate shares that may be issued, annual increase",
        "documentation": "Number of additional shares authorized for issuance under share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards": {
     "xbrltype": "integerItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Number of equal installments in which the awards can be granted under the share-based payment arrangement.",
        "label": "Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Number Of Equal Installments For Grant Of Awards",
        "terseLabel": "Number of equal installments in which the awards will vest"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized",
        "terseLabel": "Maximum aggregate shares that may be issued",
        "documentation": "Number of shares authorized for issuance under share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r684"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Additional disclosures"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number",
        "terseLabel": "Exercisable, at end of period (in shares)",
        "documentation": "The number of shares into which fully or partially vested stock options outstanding as of the balance sheet date can be currently converted under the option plan."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r453"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price",
        "terseLabel": "Exercisable, at end of period (in dollars per share)",
        "documentation": "The weighted-average price as of the balance sheet date at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance on vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable under the stock option plan."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r453"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Intrinsic Value",
        "terseLabel": "Total intrinsic value of share options exercised",
        "documentation": "Amount of accumulated difference between fair value of underlying shares on dates of exercise and exercise price on options exercised (or share units converted) into shares."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r466"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures and Expirations in Period",
        "negatedLabel": "Forfeited/Expired (in shares)",
        "documentation": "For presentations that combine terminations, the number of shares under options that were cancelled during the reporting period as a result of occurrence of a terminating event specified in contractual agreements pertaining to the stock option plan or that expired."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r762"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures and Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price",
        "terseLabel": "Forfeited/Expired (in dollars per share)",
        "documentation": "Weighted average price of options that were either forfeited or expired."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r762"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross",
        "terseLabel": "Granted (in shares)",
        "documentation": "Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r455"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Intrinsic Value",
        "terseLabel": "Aggregate intrinsic value, Outstanding at end of period",
        "documentation": "Amount by which the current fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of options outstanding."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r144"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number",
        "periodEndLabel": "Outstanding, at end of period (in shares)",
        "periodStartLabel": "Outstanding, at beginning of period (in shares)",
        "documentation": "Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r451",
      "r452"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]",
        "terseLabel": "Number of share",
        "documentation": "A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price",
        "periodEndLabel": "Outstanding, at end of period (in dollars per share)",
        "periodStartLabel": "Outstanding, at beginning of period (in dollars per share)",
        "documentation": "Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r451",
      "r452"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Weighted average exercise price"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Percentage of Outstanding Stock Maximum",
        "verboseLabel": "Maximum percentage of total ordinary shares issued and outstanding that may be issued",
        "documentation": "Maximum number of shares that may be issued in accordance with the plan as a proportion of outstanding capital stock."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationCompensationCostsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationRestrictedShareUnitsActivitiesDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Equity Award [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Award under share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r447",
      "r448",
      "r449",
      "r451",
      "r452",
      "r453",
      "r454",
      "r455",
      "r456",
      "r457",
      "r458",
      "r459",
      "r460",
      "r461",
      "r462",
      "r463",
      "r464",
      "r465",
      "r466",
      "r467",
      "r468",
      "r471",
      "r472",
      "r473",
      "r474",
      "r475"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice": {
     "xbrltype": "perShareItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price",
        "terseLabel": "Exercised (in dollars per share)",
        "documentation": "Weighted average price at which option holders acquired shares when converting their stock options into shares."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r456"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Tranche One",
        "documentation": "First portion of award under share-based payment arrangement differentiated by vesting feature, including, but not limited to, performance measure or service period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Tranche Two",
        "documentation": "Second portion of award under share-based payment arrangement differentiated by vesting feature, including, but not limited to, performance measure or service period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Share-based Compensation",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for award under share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, methodology and assumption used in measuring cost."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r450",
      "r469",
      "r470",
      "r471",
      "r472",
      "r475",
      "r484",
      "r485"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Supplier [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by supplier."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionSupplierDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Supplier [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Specific identification or general nature of (for example, a construction contractor, a consulting firm) the party from whom the goods or services were or are to be received."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ShareIncentivePlan2018Member",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to 2018 Share Incentive Plan.",
        "label": "2018 Share Incentive Plan"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period",
        "terseLabel": "Expiration period",
        "documentation": "Period from grant date that an equity-based award expires, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r683"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Intrinsic Value",
        "terseLabel": "Aggregate intrinsic value, Exercisable at end of period",
        "documentation": "Amount of difference between fair value of the underlying shares reserved for issuance and exercise price of vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r144"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term",
        "terseLabel": "Weighted remaining contractual years, Exercisable at end of period",
        "documentation": "Weighted average remaining contractual term for vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable or convertible, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r144"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2": {
     "xbrltype": "durationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term",
        "terseLabel": "Weighted remaining contractual years, Outstanding at end of period",
        "documentation": "Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r142"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value",
        "terseLabel": "Total fair value of shares vested",
        "documentation": "Fair value of options vested. Excludes equity instruments other than options, for example, but not limited to, share units, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r466"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SharesOutstanding": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SharesOutstanding",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Shares, Outstanding",
        "periodEndLabel": "Ending balance (in shares)",
        "periodStartLabel": "Beginning balance (in shares)",
        "documentation": "Number of shares issued which are neither cancelled nor held in the treasury."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShippingAndHandlingMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Shipping costs incurred",
        "documentation": "Packing and transport of product."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r754"
     ]
    },
    "niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "This member represents information of short term bank borrowings.",
        "label": "Short Term Bank Borrowings [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Short term bank borrowings"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Short-term Bank Loans and Notes Payable",
        "terseLabel": "Short-term bank borrowings",
        "verboseLabel": "Short-term bank borrowings",
        "documentation": "Amount of borrowings from a bank classified as other, maturing within one year or operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r23",
      "r209"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShortTermBorrowings",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Short-term Debt",
        "terseLabel": "Short-term bank borrowings",
        "documentation": "Reflects the total carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of debt having initial terms less than one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r183",
      "r203",
      "r688"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShortTermDebtLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNotesPayableDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Short-term Debt [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS",
        "verboseLabel": "NOTES PAYABLE",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShortTermDebtTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowings"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Short-term Debt [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for short-term debt."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r120"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShortTermDebtTypeAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Short-term Debt, Type [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by type of short-term debt arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r27"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShortTermDebtTypeDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Short-term Debt, Type [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Type of short-term debt arrangement, such as notes, line of credit, commercial paper, asset-based financing, project financing, letter of credit financing."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r24"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Short-Term Debt, Weighted Average Interest Rate, at Point in Time",
        "terseLabel": "Weighted average interest rate",
        "documentation": "Weighted average interest rate of short-term debt outstanding calculated at point in time."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r25"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShortTermInvestmentsMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesShortTermInvestmentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Short-Term Investments [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Short-term investments",
        "documentation": "Investments which are not otherwise included in another category or item that the entity has the intent to sell or dispose of within one year from the date of the balance sheet."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r601",
      "r602",
      "r603",
      "r692"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ShortTermLeaseCost",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOperatingLeasesSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Short-term Lease, Cost",
        "terseLabel": "Short-term lease cost",
        "documentation": "Amount of short-term lease cost, excluding expense for lease with term of one month or less."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r549",
      "r687"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r74",
      "r261"
     ]
    },
    "niu_SmartElectricScootersMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "SmartElectricScootersMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesWarrantyTermsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to smart electric-scooters.",
        "label": "Smart electric-scooters"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrual": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StandardProductWarrantyAccrual",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMovementOfProvisionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Standard Product Warranty Accrual",
        "periodEndLabel": "Accrued warranty-end of year",
        "periodStartLabel": "Accrued warranty-beginning of year",
        "documentation": "Amount as of the balance sheet date of the aggregate standard product warranty liability. Does not include the balance for the extended product warranty liability."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r117"
     ]
    },
    "niu_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMovementOfProvisionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of decrease in the standard product warranty accrual from expiration under the terms of the standard product warranty. Excludes extended product warranties.",
        "label": "Standard Product Warranty Accrual, Decrease for Expiration",
        "negatedLabel": "Pre-existing warranty expired"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMovementOfProvisionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Standard Product Warranty Accrual, Decrease for Payments",
        "negatedLabel": "Warranty claims paid",
        "documentation": "Amount of decrease in the standard product warranty accrual from payments made in cash or in kind to satisfy claims under the terms of the standard product warranty. Excludes extended product warranties."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r114"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMovementOfProvisionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Standard Product Warranty Accrual, Increase for Warranties Issued",
        "terseLabel": "Accrual for warranties issued during the year",
        "documentation": "Amount of increase in the standard product warranty accrual from warranties issued. Excludes extended product warranties."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r115"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StatementClassOfStockAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShareDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Class of Stock [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by the different classes of stock of the entity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r229",
      "r230",
      "r231",
      "r263",
      "r285",
      "r286",
      "r288",
      "r290",
      "r298",
      "r299",
      "r338",
      "r361",
      "r364",
      "r365",
      "r366",
      "r372",
      "r373",
      "r390",
      "r391",
      "r394",
      "r398",
      "r405",
      "r532",
      "r623",
      "r705",
      "r724",
      "r733"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StatementEquityComponentsAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Equity Components [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by component of equity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r38",
      "r124",
      "r217",
      "r248",
      "r249",
      "r250",
      "r269",
      "r270",
      "r271",
      "r273",
      "r279",
      "r281",
      "r297",
      "r339",
      "r406",
      "r481",
      "r482",
      "r483",
      "r505",
      "r506",
      "r525",
      "r533",
      "r534",
      "r535",
      "r536",
      "r537",
      "r538",
      "r556",
      "r580",
      "r581",
      "r582"
     ]
    },
    "srt_StatementGeographicalAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "StatementGeographicalAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureRevenueInformationRevenuesBasedOnGeographicAreasDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Geographical [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by geographical components."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r329",
      "r330",
      "r604",
      "r611",
      "r612",
      "r613",
      "r614",
      "r615",
      "r616",
      "r617",
      "r618",
      "r619",
      "r625",
      "r627",
      "r672",
      "r690",
      "r753"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_StatementLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StatementLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Statement [Line Items]",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "srt_StatementScenarioAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/srt/2022",
     "localname": "StatementScenarioAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Scenario [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by scenario reported, distinguishing information from actual fact. Includes, but is not limited to, pro forma and forecast. Excludes actual facts."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r282",
      "r442",
      "r706",
      "r708",
      "r732"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_StatementTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StatementTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Statement [Table]",
        "documentation": "Schedule reflecting a Statement of Income, Statement of Cash Flows, Statement of Financial Position, Statement of Shareholders' Equity and Other Comprehensive Income, or other statement as needed."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r269",
      "r270",
      "r271",
      "r297",
      "r568"
     ]
    },
    "niu_StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for statutory reserves.",
        "label": "Statutory Reserves Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Statutory Reserves"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareOptionActivitiesDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period",
        "negatedLabel": "Exercised (in shares)",
        "documentation": "Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r13",
      "r14",
      "r124",
      "r131",
      "r456"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_StockholdersEquity": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StockholdersEquity",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInShareholdersEquity"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent",
        "periodEndLabel": "Ending balance",
        "periodStartLabel": "Beginning balance",
        "totalLabel": "Total shareholders' equity",
        "documentation": "Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r14",
      "r17",
      "r18",
      "r90",
      "r688",
      "r726",
      "r738",
      "r786"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StockholdersEquityAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:",
        "verboseLabel": "Shareholders' equity:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "ORDINARY SHARE"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureOrdinaryShare"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "ORDINARY SHARE",
        "documentation": "The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r132",
      "r262",
      "r391",
      "r393",
      "r394",
      "r395",
      "r396",
      "r397",
      "r398",
      "r399",
      "r400",
      "r401",
      "r402",
      "r404",
      "r406",
      "r524"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxTables"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Summary of Valuation Allowance [Table Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Schedule of changes in valuation allowance",
        "documentation": "Tabular disclosure of valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to net realizable value, including identification of the deferred tax asset more likely than not will not be fully realized and the corresponding amount of the valuation allowance."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r153"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Supplemental information"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "SupplierConcentrationRiskMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Suppliers risk",
        "documentation": "Reflects the percentage that purchases in the period from one or more significant suppliers is to cost of goods or services, as defined by the entity, such as total cost of sales or services, product line cost of sales or services, segment cost of sales or services. Risk is the materially adverse effects of loss of a material supplier or a supplier of critically needed goods or services."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r80"
     ]
    },
    "niu_SupplierXMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "SupplierXMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to supplier X.",
        "label": "Supplier X [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Supplier X"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_SupplierYMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "SupplierYMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesConcentrationAndRiskDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to supplier Y.",
        "label": "Supplier Y [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Supplier Y"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_Supplies": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "Supplies",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Prepaid Supplies",
        "terseLabel": "Advances to suppliers",
        "documentation": "Amount of consideration paid in advance for supplies that provide economic benefits within a future period of one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r652",
      "r664",
      "r740"
     ]
    },
    "niu_TermDepositPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "TermDepositPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for term deposit.",
        "label": "Term Deposit [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Term deposits"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_TermDepositsWithBanks": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "TermDepositsWithBanks",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureParentCompanyOnlyCondensedFinancialInformationCondensedBalanceSheetsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of term deposits with banks, which have original maturities of three months or less and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.",
        "label": "Term Deposits with Banks",
        "terseLabel": "Total term deposits held"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsCurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of term deposits placed with bank with original maturities of less than or equal to one year.",
        "label": "Term Deposits With Banks, Current",
        "terseLabel": "Term deposits-current"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of term deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than one year.",
        "label": "Term Deposits With Banks, Non Current",
        "terseLabel": "Term deposits-non-current"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_TrademarksMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "TrademarksMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIntangibleAssetsNetSummaryDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Trademarks",
        "terseLabel": "Trademarks",
        "documentation": "Rights acquired through registration of a trademark to gain or protect exclusive use of a business name, symbol or other device or style."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r159"
     ]
    },
    "dei_TradingSymbol": {
     "xbrltype": "tradingSymbolItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022",
     "localname": "TradingSymbol",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Trading Symbol",
        "documentation": "Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to twelve months secured loan facility with commercial bank.",
        "label": "Twelve Months Secured Loan Facility with Commercial Bank [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Twelve months secured loan facility"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShortTermBankBorrowingsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Represents the information pertaining to two year secured loan facility with commercial bank.",
        "label": "Two Year Secured Loan Facility With Commercial Bank [Member]",
        "terseLabel": "Two-year secured loan facility"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "country_US": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022",
     "localname": "US",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "United States"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "currency_USD": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022",
     "localname": "USD",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashAndCashEquivalentsDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTermDepositsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Denominated in USD"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_UseOfEstimates": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "UseOfEstimates",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Use of estimates",
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r84",
      "r85",
      "r86",
      "r300",
      "r301",
      "r303",
      "r304"
     ]
    },
    "country_VG": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022",
     "localname": "VG",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxComponentsOfIncomeLossBeforeIncomeTaxesAndWithholdingTaxOnUndistributedDividendsDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "B.V.I."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxChangesInValuationAllowanceDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Additions",
        "documentation": "Amount of increase (decrease) in the valuation allowance for a specified deferred tax asset."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r499"
     ]
    },
    "niu_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount",
     "crdr": "debit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxChangesInValuationAllowanceDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Amount of decrease in the valuation allowance for a specified deferred tax asset.",
        "label": "Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Decrease, Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Reduction"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_ValueAddedTaxAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ValueAddedTaxAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "No definition available.",
        "label": "Value Added Tax [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Value added taxes"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_ValueAddedTaxRatePercent": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ValueAddedTaxRatePercent",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesValueAddedTaxesRevenueRecognitionDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Percentage of tax rate applicable to revenue from sales of products.",
        "label": "Value Added Tax Rate, Percent",
        "terseLabel": "VAT rate (in percentage)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "niu_ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "Disclosure of accounting policy for value added taxes (VAT).",
        "label": "Value Added Taxes, Policy [Policy Text Block]",
        "terseLabel": "Value added taxes"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "VariableInterestEntityLineItems",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Group's VIE information",
        "documentation": "Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureDescriptionOfOrganizationAndPrincipalActivitiesGroupSVieInformationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "VIE",
        "documentation": "Variable Interest Entities (VIE) in which the entity has a controlling financial interest (as defined) and of which it is therefore the primary beneficiary. A controlling financial interest is determined based on both: (a) the entity's power to direct activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (b) the entity's obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. VIEs of which the entity is the primary beneficiary are included in the consolidated financial statements of the entity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r167",
      "r518",
      "r519",
      "r522",
      "r523"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_VehiclesMember": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "VehiclesMember",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosurePropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetSummaryDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Motor vehicles",
        "terseLabel": "Motor vehicles",
        "documentation": "Equipment used primarily for road transportation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_VestingAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "VestingAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Vesting [Axis]",
        "documentation": "Information by vesting schedule of award under share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r756",
      "r757",
      "r758",
      "r759",
      "r760",
      "r761",
      "r762",
      "r763",
      "r764",
      "r765",
      "r766",
      "r767",
      "r768",
      "r769",
      "r770",
      "r771",
      "r772",
      "r773",
      "r774",
      "r775",
      "r776",
      "r777",
      "r778",
      "r779",
      "r780",
      "r781"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_VestingDomain": {
     "xbrltype": "domainItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "VestingDomain",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationNarrativeDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Vesting [Domain]",
        "documentation": "Vesting schedule of award under share-based payment arrangement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r756",
      "r757",
      "r758",
      "r759",
      "r760",
      "r761",
      "r762",
      "r763",
      "r764",
      "r765",
      "r766",
      "r767",
      "r768",
      "r769",
      "r770",
      "r771",
      "r772",
      "r773",
      "r774",
      "r775",
      "r776",
      "r777",
      "r778",
      "r779",
      "r780",
      "r781"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails": {
       "parentTag": null,
       "weight": null,
       "order": null,
       "root": true
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted",
        "terseLabel": "-Diluted",
        "totalLabel": "Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share",
        "documentation": "The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r284",
      "r290"
     ]
    },
    "niu_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://www.niu.com/20231231",
     "localname": "WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 1.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "documentation": "The sum of common shares or units used in the calculation of the basic per-share or per-unit computation.",
        "label": "Weighted Average Number of Shares Equivalents Outstanding, Basic",
        "terseLabel": "Weighted average number of ordinary shares equivalents outstanding"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 2.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Weighted Average Number of Shares Issued, Basic",
        "verboseLabel": "Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding",
        "documentation": "This element represents the weighted average total number of shares issued throughout the period including the first (beginning balance outstanding) and last (ending balance outstanding) day of the period before considering any reductions (for instance, shares held in treasury) to arrive at the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Weighted average relates to the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares have been issued and outstanding to the total time in that period. Such concept is used in determining the weighted average number of shares outstanding for purposes of calculating earnings per share (basic)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r75",
      "r76"
     ]
    },
    "us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted [Abstract]",
        "terseLabel": "Weighted average number of ordinary shares and ordinary shares equivalents outstanding used in computing net income (loss) per ordinary share",
        "verboseLabel": "Denominator:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022",
     "localname": "WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic",
     "calculation": {
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails": {
       "parentTag": "us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding",
       "weight": 1.0,
       "order": 3.0
      }
     },
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.niu.com/role/DisclosureNetIncomeLossPerOrdinaryShareBasicAndDilutedNetIncomeLossPerShareComputationDetails",
      "http://www.niu.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLoss"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic",
        "terseLabel": "-Basic",
        "totalLabel": "Denominator for basic net income (loss) per ordinary share",
        "documentation": "Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r283",
      "r290"
     ]
    }
   }
  }
 },
 "std_ref": {
  "r0": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "205",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122149"
  },
  "r1": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6361739&loc=d3e7789-107766"
  },
  "r2": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 201.5-02(24))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r3": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 201.5-02(25))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r4": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 201.5-02(26))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r5": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(19)(a))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r6": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(19))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r7": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(20))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r8": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(22))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r9": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(23))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r10": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(24))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r11": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(26)(a))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r12": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(26)(b))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r13": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(28))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r14": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(29))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r15": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r16": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r17": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(30))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r18": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(31))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r19": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(32))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r20": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(6)(a))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r21": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(6)(b))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r22": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(6)(c))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r23": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.19(a)(1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r24": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.19(a))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r25": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.19(b))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r26": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r27": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.19)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r28": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.19,20)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r29": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.19-26)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r30": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.20)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r31": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.20,24)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r32": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.21)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r33": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.22(a)(1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r34": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.22(b))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r35": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.22)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r36": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.24)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r37": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.25)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r38": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.29-31)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r39": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02.3,4)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r40": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "10A",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=SL7669646-108580"
  },
  "r41": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "11",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=d3e637-108580"
  },
  "r42": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=d3e640-108580"
  },
  "r43": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "14",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=d3e681-108580"
  },
  "r44": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "14A",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=SL7669686-108580"
  },
  "r45": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "15",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=d3e689-108580"
  },
  "r46": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=d3e557-108580"
  },
  "r47": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-03(10))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r48": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-03(20))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r49": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-03(4))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r50": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-03.1,2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r51": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-03.2(a),(d))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r52": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-03.2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r53": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-03.4)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r54": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-03.7(b))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r55": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-03.7(c),9(a))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r56": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3179-108585"
  },
  "r57": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3213-108585"
  },
  "r58": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3213-108585"
  },
  "r59": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "14",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3255-108585"
  },
  "r60": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "14",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3255-108585"
  },
  "r61": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "15",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3291-108585"
  },
  "r62": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "24",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3521-108585"
  },
  "r63": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "25",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3536-108585"
  },
  "r64": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "28",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3602-108585"
  },
  "r65": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "28",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3602-108585"
  },
  "r66": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "28",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3602-108585"
  },
  "r67": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3044-108585"
  },
  "r68": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126999549&loc=d3e4273-108586"
  },
  "r69": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126999549&loc=d3e4297-108586"
  },
  "r70": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126999549&loc=d3e4304-108586"
  },
  "r71": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126999549&loc=d3e4313-108586"
  },
  "r72": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126999549&loc=d3e4332-108586"
  },
  "r73": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126999549&loc=SL98516268-108586"
  },
  "r74": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369"
  },
  "r75": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "10",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126958026&loc=d3e1448-109256"
  },
  "r76": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126958026&loc=d3e2646-109256"
  },
  "r77": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124432515&loc=d3e3550-109257"
  },
  "r78": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124432515&loc=d3e3630-109257"
  },
  "r79": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "16",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e6327-108592"
  },
  "r80": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "18",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e6351-108592"
  },
  "r81": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "18",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e6351-108592"
  },
  "r82": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e6404-108592"
  },
  "r83": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "21",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e6442-108592"
  },
  "r84": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e6061-108592"
  },
  "r85": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e6132-108592"
  },
  "r86": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "9",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e6143-108592"
  },
  "r87": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134479"
  },
  "r88": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "41",
   "Subparagraph": "a",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9038-108599"
  },
  "r89": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "310",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "11B",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123577603&loc=SL6953423-111524"
  },
  "r90": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "310",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 4.E)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122038336&loc=d3e74512-122707"
  },
  "r91": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "320",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124260329&loc=d3e26626-111562"
  },
  "r92": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "320",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "10",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126970911&loc=d3e27405-111563"
  },
  "r93": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "320",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126970911&loc=d3e27161-111563"
  },
  "r94": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "320",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126970911&loc=d3e27161-111563"
  },
  "r95": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "320",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "9",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126970911&loc=d3e27357-111563"
  },
  "r96": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "320",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2196928"
  },
  "r97": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6388964&loc=d3e16225-109274"
  },
  "r98": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16265-109275"
  },
  "r99": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16265-109275"
  },
  "r100": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16323-109275"
  },
  "r101": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16323-109275"
  },
  "r102": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16323-109275"
  },
  "r103": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16323-109275"
  },
  "r104": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "360",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "05",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109226317&loc=d3e202-110218"
  },
  "r105": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "360",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6391035&loc=d3e2868-110229"
  },
  "r106": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "360",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6391035&loc=d3e2868-110229"
  },
  "r107": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "360",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6391035&loc=d3e2868-110229"
  },
  "r108": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "360",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6391035&loc=d3e2868-110229"
  },
  "r109": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "360",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 5.CC)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27011434&loc=d3e125687-122742"
  },
  "r110": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "360",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155823"
  },
  "r111": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "440",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144648"
  },
  "r112": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "460",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "25",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126907644&loc=d3e11281-110244"
  },
  "r113": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "460",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126907703&loc=d3e12524-110249"
  },
  "r114": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "460",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "Subparagraph": "((c)(2))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126907703&loc=d3e12565-110249"
  },
  "r115": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "460",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "Subparagraph": "((c)(3))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126907703&loc=d3e12565-110249"
  },
  "r116": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "460",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126907703&loc=d3e12565-110249"
  },
  "r117": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "460",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1),(c)(5)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126907703&loc=d3e12565-110249"
  },
  "r118": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "460",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126907703&loc=d3e12565-110249"
  },
  "r119": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123465755&loc=SL6230698-112601"
  },
  "r120": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564"
  },
  "r121": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "480",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(CFRR 211.02)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122040564&loc=d3e177068-122764"
  },
  "r122": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65888546&loc=d3e21300-112643"
  },
  "r123": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "10",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21553-112644"
  },
  "r124": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21463-112644"
  },
  "r125": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21475-112644"
  },
  "r126": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21484-112644"
  },
  "r127": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21488-112644"
  },
  "r128": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21506-112644"
  },
  "r129": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21521-112644"
  },
  "r130": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21538-112644"
  },
  "r131": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.3-04)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120397183&loc=d3e187085-122770"
  },
  "r132": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208762"
  },
  "r133": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920"
  },
  "r134": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6412939&loc=d3e15145-114933"
  },
  "r135": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "60",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66047640&loc=d3e39622-114963"
  },
  "r136": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "70",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49170846&loc=d3e28014-114942"
  },
  "r137": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "80",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=d3e29149-114947"
  },
  "r138": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r139": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r140": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r141": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r142": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r143": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(h)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r144": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r145": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2A",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=SL79508275-113901"
  },
  "r146": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 14.F)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122041274&loc=d3e301413-122809"
  },
  "r147": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126964447&loc=d3e11149-113907"
  },
  "r148": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126964447&loc=d3e11178-113907"
  },
  "r149": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "720",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6419918&loc=d3e35281-107843"
  },
  "r150": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "730",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6420194&loc=d3e21568-108373"
  },
  "r151": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123427490&loc=d3e31931-109318"
  },
  "r152": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32687-109319"
  },
  "r153": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32537-109319"
  },
  "r154": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32537-109319"
  },
  "r155": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32559-109319"
  },
  "r156": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32632-109319"
  },
  "r157": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "9",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32639-109319"
  },
  "r158": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 6.I.7)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817"
  },
  "r159": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "805",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "14",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123410050&loc=d3e5263-128473"
  },
  "r160": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "805",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "14",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123410050&loc=d3e5263-128473"
  },
  "r161": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "805",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "31",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123410050&loc=d3e5419-128473"
  },
  "r162": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "19",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126929396&loc=SL4569616-111683"
  },
  "r163": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126929396&loc=SL4569643-111683"
  },
  "r164": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109239629&loc=d3e5614-111684"
  },
  "r165": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109239629&loc=SL4573702-111684"
  },
  "r166": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(c),(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109239629&loc=SL4573702-111684"
  },
  "r167": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123419778&loc=d3e5710-111685"
  },
  "r168": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123419778&loc=d3e5728-111685"
  },
  "r169": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "5A",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123419778&loc=SL6759159-111685"
  },
  "r170": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123419778&loc=d3e5747-111685"
  },
  "r171": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "9",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123419778&loc=SL6228884-111685"
  },
  "r172": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "820",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126976982&loc=d3e19207-110258"
  },
  "r173": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "825",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123594938&loc=d3e13531-108611"
  },
  "r174": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "825",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "21",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123594938&loc=d3e13537-108611"
  },
  "r175": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "825",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "21",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123594938&loc=d3e13537-108611"
  },
  "r176": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "SubTopic": "230",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123444420&loc=d3e33268-110906"
  },
  "r177": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "835",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124435984&loc=d3e28555-108399"
  },
  "r178": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "940",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "25",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126941158&loc=d3e41242-110953"
  },
  "r179": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "940",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2176304"
  },
  "r180": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126970686&loc=d3e59706-112781"
  },
  "r181": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-03(1)(a))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878"
  },
  "r182": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-03(11))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878"
  },
  "r183": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-03(13))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878"
  },
  "r184": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-03(15)(1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878"
  },
  "r185": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-03(15)(2))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878"
  },
  "r186": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-03(15))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878"
  },
  "r187": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-03(16))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878"
  },
  "r188": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-03(23))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878"
  },
  "r189": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-03.1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878"
  },
  "r190": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-03.10)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878"
  },
  "r191": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-03.17)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878"
  },
  "r192": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-03.2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878"
  },
  "r193": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "220",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-04(15))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399700&loc=SL114874048-224260"
  },
  "r194": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "220",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-04(22))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399700&loc=SL114874048-224260"
  },
  "r195": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "220",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-04.9)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399700&loc=SL114874048-224260"
  },
  "r196": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2209399"
  },
  "r197": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "825",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126941378&loc=d3e61044-112788"
  },
  "r198": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03(15)(b)(2))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r199": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03(16))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r200": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03(a)(12))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r201": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03(a)(15)(b)(1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r202": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03(a)(15))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r203": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r204": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r205": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03(a)(25))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r206": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03(a)(8))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r207": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03.(a),19)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r208": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03.(a),2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r209": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03.16)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r210": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03.5(c))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r211": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "220",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-04(18))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120400993&loc=SL114874131-224263"
  },
  "r212": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "220",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-04(8))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120400993&loc=SL114874131-224263"
  },
  "r213": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-12)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611133-123010"
  },
  "r214": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2324412"
  },
  "r215": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "985",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6501960&loc=d3e128462-111756"
  },
  "r216": {
   "role": "http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Industry Guide",
   "Number": "3",
   "Section": "V",
   "Paragraph": "D-E"
  },
  "r217": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "105",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126987489&loc=SL124442142-165695"
  },
  "r218": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "205",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-04(Schedule I))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126898705&loc=d3e5864-122674"
  },
  "r219": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "205",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109222650&loc=SL51721683-107760"
  },
  "r220": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124098289&loc=d3e6676-107765"
  },
  "r221": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124098289&loc=d3e6904-107765"
  },
  "r222": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6361739&loc=d3e7789-107766"
  },
  "r223": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r224": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(13))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r225": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(14))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r226": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(16))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r227": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(17))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r228": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(18))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r229": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(27)(b))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r230": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(28))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r231": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(29))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r232": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r233": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(4))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r234": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r235": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(4))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r236": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(6)(b))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r237": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(6))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r238": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(8))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r239": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(9))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r240": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "10A",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=SL7669646-108580"
  },
  "r241": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "10A",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=SL7669646-108580"
  },
  "r242": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "17A",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=SL34724391-108580"
  },
  "r243": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=SL7669619-108580"
  },
  "r244": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=SL7669619-108580"
  },
  "r245": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=SL7669625-108580"
  },
  "r246": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126968391&loc=SL7669625-108580"
  },
  "r247": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431353&loc=SL116659661-227067"
  },
  "r248": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431353&loc=SL124442407-227067"
  },
  "r249": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431353&loc=SL124442411-227067"
  },
  "r250": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431353&loc=SL124452729-227067"
  },
  "r251": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(210.5-03(11))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r252": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-03(24))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r253": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-03(25))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r254": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-03(5))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227"
  },
  "r255": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "17",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3367-108585"
  },
  "r256": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "19",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3444-108585"
  },
  "r257": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3000-108585"
  },
  "r258": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "24",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3521-108585"
  },
  "r259": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "25",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3536-108585"
  },
  "r260": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126999549&loc=d3e4297-108586"
  },
  "r261": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126899994&loc=d3e18726-107790"
  },
  "r262": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.4-08(e)(1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690"
  },
  "r263": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690"
  },
  "r264": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.4-08(h)(2))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690"
  },
  "r265": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.4-08(h))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690"
  },
  "r266": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.4-08(m)(1)(iii))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690"
  },
  "r267": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.4-08(m)(2)(ii))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690"
  },
  "r268": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-04(a))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e24072-122690"
  },
  "r269": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "23",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124436220&loc=d3e21914-107793"
  },
  "r270": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "24",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124436220&loc=d3e21930-107793"
  },
  "r271": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124436220&loc=d3e21711-107793"
  },
  "r272": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431687&loc=d3e22499-107794"
  },
  "r273": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431687&loc=d3e22499-107794"
  },
  "r274": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "11",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431687&loc=d3e22694-107794"
  },
  "r275": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "11",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431687&loc=d3e22694-107794"
  },
  "r276": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431687&loc=d3e22583-107794"
  },
  "r277": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431687&loc=d3e22595-107794"
  },
  "r278": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431687&loc=d3e22644-107794"
  },
  "r279": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431687&loc=d3e22644-107794"
  },
  "r280": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431687&loc=d3e22658-107794"
  },
  "r281": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "9",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431687&loc=d3e22663-107794"
  },
  "r282": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 11.M.Q2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122038215&loc=d3e31137-122693"
  },
  "r283": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "10",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126958026&loc=d3e1448-109256"
  },
  "r284": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "16",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126958026&loc=d3e1505-109256"
  },
  "r285": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126958026&loc=d3e1252-109256"
  },
  "r286": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126958026&loc=d3e1278-109256"
  },
  "r287": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "60B",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126958026&loc=SL5780133-109256"
  },
  "r288": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "60B",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126958026&loc=SL5780133-109256"
  },
  "r289": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126958026&loc=d3e1337-109256"
  },
  "r290": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124432515&loc=d3e3550-109257"
  },
  "r291": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124432515&loc=d3e3550-109257"
  },
  "r292": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124432515&loc=d3e3630-109257"
  },
  "r293": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109243012&loc=SL65017193-207537"
  },
  "r294": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "15",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128363288&loc=d3e3842-109258"
  },
  "r295": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144383"
  },
  "r296": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "270",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126900757&loc=d3e543-108305"
  },
  "r297": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "272",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125520817&loc=d3e70191-108054"
  },
  "r298": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "272",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6373374&loc=d3e70434-108055"
  },
  "r299": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "272",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6373374&loc=d3e70478-108055"
  },
  "r300": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e5967-108592"
  },
  "r301": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e5967-108592"
  },
  "r302": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e5967-108592"
  },
  "r303": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "11",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e6161-108592"
  },
  "r304": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e6191-108592"
  },
  "r305": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "22",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599"
  },
  "r306": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "22",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599"
  },
  "r307": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "22",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599"
  },
  "r308": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "22",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599"
  },
  "r309": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "22",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599"
  },
  "r310": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "22",
   "Subparagraph": "(h)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599"
  },
  "r311": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "22",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599"
  },
  "r312": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "29",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8864-108599"
  },
  "r313": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "29",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8864-108599"
  },
  "r314": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "29",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8864-108599"
  },
  "r315": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "29",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8864-108599"
  },
  "r316": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "29",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8864-108599"
  },
  "r317": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "29",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8864-108599"
  },
  "r318": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "30",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8906-108599"
  },
  "r319": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "30",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8906-108599"
  },
  "r320": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "30",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8906-108599"
  },
  "r321": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "30",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8906-108599"
  },
  "r322": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "31",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8924-108599"
  },
  "r323": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "32",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599"
  },
  "r324": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "32",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599"
  },
  "r325": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "32",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599"
  },
  "r326": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "32",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599"
  },
  "r327": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "32",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599"
  },
  "r328": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "40",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9031-108599"
  },
  "r329": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "41",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9038-108599"
  },
  "r330": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "41",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9038-108599"
  },
  "r331": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "42",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9054-108599"
  },
  "r332": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "310",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124259787&loc=d3e4428-111522"
  },
  "r333": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "310",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "9",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124259787&loc=d3e4531-111522"
  },
  "r334": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "310",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123577603&loc=d3e5074-111524"
  },
  "r335": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "320",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126970911&loc=d3e27161-111563"
  },
  "r336": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "321",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123583714&loc=SL75117360-209713"
  },
  "r337": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "323",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=114001798&loc=d3e33918-111571"
  },
  "r338": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "323",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=114001798&loc=d3e33918-111571"
  },
  "r339": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "326",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122640432&loc=SL121648383-210437"
  },
  "r340": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "326",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124255206&loc=SL82895884-210446"
  },
  "r341": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "326",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124255953&loc=SL82919249-210447"
  },
  "r342": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "326",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124255953&loc=SL82919249-210447"
  },
  "r343": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "326",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124258926&loc=SL82898722-210454"
  },
  "r344": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "330",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116847112&loc=d3e4492-108314"
  },
  "r345": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "330",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116847112&loc=d3e4542-108314"
  },
  "r346": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "330",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116847112&loc=d3e4556-108314"
  },
  "r347": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "330",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2126998"
  },
  "r348": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16265-109275"
  },
  "r349": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16265-109275"
  },
  "r350": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16323-109275"
  },
  "r351": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16323-109275"
  },
  "r352": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2144471"
  },
  "r353": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "360",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109226691&loc=d3e2941-110230"
  },
  "r354": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "420",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6394359&loc=d3e17939-110869"
  },
  "r355": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "440",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123406679&loc=d3e25336-109308"
  },
  "r356": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "440",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123406679&loc=d3e25336-109308"
  },
  "r357": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "450",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121557415&loc=d3e14435-108349"
  },
  "r358": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "450",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "9",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121557415&loc=d3e14557-108349"
  },
  "r359": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "450",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 5.Y.Q2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27011672&loc=d3e149879-122751"
  },
  "r360": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "450",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 5.Y.Q4)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27011672&loc=d3e149879-122751"
  },
  "r361": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756"
  },
  "r362": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756"
  },
  "r363": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(B))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756"
  },
  "r364": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756"
  },
  "r365": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-01(a)(5))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756"
  },
  "r366": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756"
  },
  "r367": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756"
  },
  "r368": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756"
  },
  "r369": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756"
  },
  "r370": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756"
  },
  "r371": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(C))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756"
  },
  "r372": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756"
  },
  "r373": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-02(a)(5))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756"
  },
  "r374": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611"
  },
  "r375": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611"
  },
  "r376": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611"
  },
  "r377": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611"
  },
  "r378": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611"
  },
  "r379": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(h)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611"
  },
  "r380": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1D",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495340-112611"
  },
  "r381": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1D",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495340-112611"
  },
  "r382": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1D",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495340-112611"
  },
  "r383": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1E",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495348-112611"
  },
  "r384": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1E",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495348-112611"
  },
  "r385": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1E",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495348-112611"
  },
  "r386": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1F",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495355-112611"
  },
  "r387": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1F",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495355-112611"
  },
  "r388": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1F",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495355-112611"
  },
  "r389": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1F",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495355-112611"
  },
  "r390": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644"
  },
  "r391": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644"
  },
  "r392": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644"
  },
  "r393": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(g)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644"
  },
  "r394": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(h)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644"
  },
  "r395": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644"
  },
  "r396": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644"
  },
  "r397": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "14",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496171-112644"
  },
  "r398": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "14",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496171-112644"
  },
  "r399": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "14",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496171-112644"
  },
  "r400": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "16",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496180-112644"
  },
  "r401": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "18",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496189-112644"
  },
  "r402": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "18",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496189-112644"
  },
  "r403": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "18",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496189-112644"
  },
  "r404": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "18",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496189-112644"
  },
  "r405": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21463-112644"
  },
  "r406": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.3-04)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120397183&loc=d3e187085-122770"
  },
  "r407": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126919976&loc=SL49130531-203044"
  },
  "r408": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126919976&loc=SL49130532-203044"
  },
  "r409": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "10",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130551-203045"
  },
  "r410": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045"
  },
  "r411": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045"
  },
  "r412": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045"
  },
  "r413": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045"
  },
  "r414": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045"
  },
  "r415": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130556-203045"
  },
  "r416": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130556-203045"
  },
  "r417": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130556-203045"
  },
  "r418": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "15",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130558-203045"
  },
  "r419": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "17",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130561-203045"
  },
  "r420": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "18",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130563-203045"
  },
  "r421": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "18",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130563-203045"
  },
  "r422": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "19",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130564-203045"
  },
  "r423": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130566-203045"
  },
  "r424": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130566-203045"
  },
  "r425": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130566-203045"
  },
  "r426": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130566-203045"
  },
  "r427": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130543-203045"
  },
  "r428": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130545-203045"
  },
  "r429": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130549-203045"
  },
  "r430": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130549-203045"
  },
  "r431": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "9",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130550-203045"
  },
  "r432": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388"
  },
  "r433": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920"
  },
  "r434": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(iv)(01)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920"
  },
  "r435": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(iv)(02)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920"
  },
  "r436": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(iv)(02)(A)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920"
  },
  "r437": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(iv)(02)(B)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920"
  },
  "r438": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(iv)(02)(C)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920"
  },
  "r439": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(iv)(03)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920"
  },
  "r440": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "70",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49170846&loc=d3e28014-114942"
  },
  "r441": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "80",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450657-114947"
  },
  "r442": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "80",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450657-114947"
  },
  "r443": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "35",
   "Paragraph": "1D",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126961718&loc=SL116886442-113899"
  },
  "r444": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "35",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126961718&loc=d3e4534-113899"
  },
  "r445": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "35",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126961718&loc=d3e4549-113899"
  },
  "r446": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r447": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r448": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r449": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r450": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r451": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r452": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(ii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r453": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(iii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r454": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(iv)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r455": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(iv)(01)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r456": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(iv)(02)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r457": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(iv)(03)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r458": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(iv)(04)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r459": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r460": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)(ii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r461": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)(iii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r462": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)(iii)(01)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r463": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)(iii)(02)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r464": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)(iii)(03)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r465": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r466": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r467": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r468": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r469": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r470": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r471": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r472": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)(ii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r473": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)(iii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r474": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)(iv)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r475": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)(v)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r476": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(h)(1)(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r477": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(h)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r478": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(h)(2)(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r479": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r480": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(l)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r481": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "15",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128097895&loc=SL121327923-165333"
  },
  "r482": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "15",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128097895&loc=SL121327923-165333"
  },
  "r483": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "15",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128097895&loc=SL121327923-165333"
  },
  "r484": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 14.D.2.Q6)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122041274&loc=d3e301413-122809"
  },
  "r485": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938"
  },
  "r486": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "720",
   "SubTopic": "35",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6420018&loc=d3e36677-107848"
  },
  "r487": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "720",
   "SubTopic": "35",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6420018&loc=d3e36677-107848"
  },
  "r488": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "25",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123427490&loc=d3e32247-109318"
  },
  "r489": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "28",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123427490&loc=d3e32280-109318"
  },
  "r490": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123427490&loc=d3e31917-109318"
  },
  "r491": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123427490&loc=d3e31931-109318"
  },
  "r492": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "10",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32672-109319"
  },
  "r493": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32687-109319"
  },
  "r494": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "14",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32705-109319"
  },
  "r495": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "17",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32809-109319"
  },
  "r496": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "19",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32840-109319"
  },
  "r497": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32537-109319"
  },
  "r498": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32537-109319"
  },
  "r499": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32537-109319"
  },
  "r500": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32847-109319"
  },
  "r501": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "21",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319"
  },
  "r502": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "9",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32639-109319"
  },
  "r503": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "9",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32639-109319"
  },
  "r504": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "9",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32639-109319"
  },
  "r505": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126983759&loc=SL121830611-158277"
  },
  "r506": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126983759&loc=SL121830611-158277"
  },
  "r507": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817"
  },
  "r508": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB TOPIC 6.I.7)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817"
  },
  "r509": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817"
  },
  "r510": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817"
  },
  "r511": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 6.I.Fact.4)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817"
  },
  "r512": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 11.C)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330215-122817"
  },
  "r513": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123586238&loc=d3e38679-109324"
  },
  "r514": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "270",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338"
  },
  "r515": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331"
  },
  "r516": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680"
  },
  "r517": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "19",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126929396&loc=SL4569616-111683"
  },
  "r518": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "25",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116870748&loc=SL6758485-165988"
  },
  "r519": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "25",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116870748&loc=SL6758485-165988"
  },
  "r520": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109239629&loc=SL4573702-111684"
  },
  "r521": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109239629&loc=SL4573702-111684"
  },
  "r522": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(bb)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123419778&loc=d3e5710-111685"
  },
  "r523": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123419778&loc=d3e5710-111685"
  },
  "r524": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "815",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126731327&loc=SL126733271-114008"
  },
  "r525": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "815",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126732423&loc=SL123482106-238011"
  },
  "r526": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "815",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)(4)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126732423&loc=SL123482106-238011"
  },
  "r527": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "815",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126732423&loc=SL123482106-238011"
  },
  "r528": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "820",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126976982&loc=d3e19207-110258"
  },
  "r529": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "820",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126976982&loc=d3e19207-110258"
  },
  "r530": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "820",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126976982&loc=d3e19207-110258"
  },
  "r531": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "820",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126976982&loc=d3e19279-110258"
  },
  "r532": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "825",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "28",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123596393&loc=d3e14064-108612"
  },
  "r533": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "17",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118261656&loc=d3e32136-110900"
  },
  "r534": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118261656&loc=d3e32211-110900"
  },
  "r535": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118261656&loc=d3e32211-110900"
  },
  "r536": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118261656&loc=d3e32211-110900"
  },
  "r537": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118261656&loc=d3e32211-110900"
  },
  "r538": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6450520&loc=d3e32583-110901"
  },
  "r539": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6450520&loc=d3e32618-110901"
  },
  "r540": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6897108&loc=SL6897125-166521"
  },
  "r541": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2175825"
  },
  "r542": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "835",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6450988&loc=d3e26243-108391"
  },
  "r543": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "835",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124429444&loc=SL124452920-239629"
  },
  "r544": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123391704&loc=SL77918627-209977"
  },
  "r545": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123391704&loc=SL77918627-209977"
  },
  "r546": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123391704&loc=SL77918631-209977"
  },
  "r547": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123391704&loc=SL77918643-209977"
  },
  "r548": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128292326&loc=SL77918686-209980"
  },
  "r549": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128292326&loc=SL77918686-209980"
  },
  "r550": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(g)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128292326&loc=SL77918686-209980"
  },
  "r551": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(g)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128292326&loc=SL77918686-209980"
  },
  "r552": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(g)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128292326&loc=SL77918686-209980"
  },
  "r553": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(g)(4)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128292326&loc=SL77918686-209980"
  },
  "r554": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128292326&loc=SL77918701-209980"
  },
  "r555": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=77888251"
  },
  "r556": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "848",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(3)(iii)(03)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125980421&loc=SL125981372-237846"
  },
  "r557": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "852",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "14",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124437977&loc=d3e55792-112764"
  },
  "r558": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(bb)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121570589&loc=d3e107207-111719"
  },
  "r559": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(bb)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121570589&loc=d3e107207-111719"
  },
  "r560": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(bb)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121570589&loc=d3e107207-111719"
  },
  "r561": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121570589&loc=d3e107207-111719"
  },
  "r562": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)(1)(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109249958&loc=SL6224234-111729"
  },
  "r563": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)(1)(ii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109249958&loc=SL6224234-111729"
  },
  "r564": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109249958&loc=SL6224234-111729"
  },
  "r565": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "910",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126937589&loc=SL119991595-234733"
  },
  "r566": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "912",
   "SubTopic": "310",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "11",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126938201&loc=d3e55415-109406"
  },
  "r567": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "912",
   "SubTopic": "330",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6471895&loc=d3e55923-109411"
  },
  "r568": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "924",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 11.L)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472922&loc=d3e499488-122856"
  },
  "r569": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "926",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120154696&loc=d3e54445-107959"
  },
  "r570": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "928",
   "SubTopic": "340",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6473545&loc=d3e61844-108004"
  },
  "r571": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "220",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-04(26))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399700&loc=SL114874048-224260"
  },
  "r572": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "220",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-04(27))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399700&loc=SL114874048-224260"
  },
  "r573": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "235",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.9-05(b)(2))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399901&loc=d3e537907-122884"
  },
  "r574": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "942",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124429447&loc=SL124453093-239630"
  },
  "r575": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910"
  },
  "r576": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "220",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-04(22))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120400993&loc=SL114874131-224263"
  },
  "r577": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "220",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-04(23))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120400993&loc=SL114874131-224263"
  },
  "r578": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "220",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-04(9))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120400993&loc=SL114874131-224263"
  },
  "r579": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "7A",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124506351&loc=SL117782755-158439"
  },
  "r580": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124501264&loc=SL117420844-207641"
  },
  "r581": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124501264&loc=SL117420844-207641"
  },
  "r582": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124501264&loc=SL117420844-207641"
  },
  "r583": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(g)(2)(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124501264&loc=SL117420844-207641"
  },
  "r584": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(g)(2)(ii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124501264&loc=SL117420844-207641"
  },
  "r585": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(h)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124501264&loc=SL117420844-207641"
  },
  "r586": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "825",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123600520&loc=SL75241803-196195"
  },
  "r587": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "20",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118262064&loc=SL116631418-115840"
  },
  "r588": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "210",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "21",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118262064&loc=SL116631419-115840"
  },
  "r589": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-12B(Column B)(Footnote 1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611197-123010"
  },
  "r590": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-12B(Column B)(Footnote 6))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611197-123010"
  },
  "r591": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-12B(Column B)(Footnote 7))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611197-123010"
  },
  "r592": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-12B(Column C)(Footnote 1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611197-123010"
  },
  "r593": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-12B(Column C)(Footnote 6))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611197-123010"
  },
  "r594": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-12B(Column C)(Footnote 7))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611197-123010"
  },
  "r595": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-12B(Column D)(Footnote 1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611197-123010"
  },
  "r596": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-12B(Column D)(Footnote 6))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611197-123010"
  },
  "r597": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-12B(Column D)(Footnote 7))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611197-123010"
  },
  "r598": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "5D",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-13D(Column B)(Footnote 2))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=SL120429264-123010"
  },
  "r599": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "5D",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-13D(Column C)(Footnote 2))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=SL120429264-123010"
  },
  "r600": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-15(Column A))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611379-123010"
  },
  "r601": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-15(Column B))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611379-123010"
  },
  "r602": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-15(Column C))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611379-123010"
  },
  "r603": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-15(Column D))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611379-123010"
  },
  "r604": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "948",
   "SubTopic": "310",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-29(Footnote 4))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120402547&loc=d3e617274-123014"
  },
  "r605": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "954",
   "SubTopic": "310",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126942805&loc=d3e3115-115594"
  },
  "r606": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "954",
   "SubTopic": "440",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6491277&loc=d3e6429-115629"
  },
  "r607": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "954",
   "SubTopic": "450",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6491354&loc=d3e6049-115624"
  },
  "r608": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "958",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126982197&loc=d3e99779-112916"
  },
  "r609": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "958",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126982197&loc=d3e99893-112916"
  },
  "r610": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "958",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126982197&loc=SL120174063-112916"
  },
  "r611": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "970",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-28(Column B))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120402810&loc=d3e638233-123024"
  },
  "r612": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "970",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-28(Column C))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120402810&loc=d3e638233-123024"
  },
  "r613": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "970",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-28(Column D))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120402810&loc=d3e638233-123024"
  },
  "r614": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "970",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-28(Column E))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120402810&loc=d3e638233-123024"
  },
  "r615": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "970",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-28(Column F))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120402810&loc=d3e638233-123024"
  },
  "r616": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "970",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-28(Column G))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120402810&loc=d3e638233-123024"
  },
  "r617": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "970",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-28(Column H))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120402810&loc=d3e638233-123024"
  },
  "r618": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "970",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-28(Column I))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120402810&loc=d3e638233-123024"
  },
  "r619": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "970",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-28(Footnote 2))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120402810&loc=d3e638233-123024"
  },
  "r620": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "970",
   "SubTopic": "360",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-28(Footnote 4))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120402810&loc=d3e638233-123024"
  },
  "r621": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "976",
   "SubTopic": "310",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6497875&loc=d3e22274-108663"
  },
  "r622": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "978",
   "SubTopic": "310",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126945304&loc=d3e27327-108691"
  },
  "r623": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-K (SK)",
   "Number": "229",
   "Section": "1402",
   "Paragraph": "(a)"
  },
  "r624": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-K (SK)",
   "Number": "229",
   "Section": "1403",
   "Paragraph": "(b)"
  },
  "r625": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Footnote": "2",
   "Subsection": "28"
  },
  "r626": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Footnote": "4",
   "Subsection": "28"
  },
  "r627": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Footnote": "4",
   "Subsection": "29"
  },
  "r628": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subsection": "04"
  },
  "r629": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Paragraph": "Column B",
   "Subsection": "28"
  },
  "r630": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Paragraph": "Column C",
   "Subsection": "28"
  },
  "r631": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Paragraph": "Column D",
   "Subsection": "28"
  },
  "r632": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Paragraph": "Column E",
   "Subsection": "28"
  },
  "r633": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Paragraph": "Column F",
   "Subsection": "28"
  },
  "r634": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Paragraph": "Column G",
   "Subsection": "28"
  },
  "r635": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Paragraph": "Column H",
   "Subsection": "28"
  },
  "r636": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Paragraph": "Column I",
   "Subsection": "28"
  },
  "r637": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Paragraph": "a",
   "Subsection": "04"
  },
  "r638": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(i)",
   "Subsection": "01"
  },
  "r639": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(i)",
   "Subsection": "02"
  },
  "r640": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(iii)(A)",
   "Subsection": "01"
  },
  "r641": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(iii)(A)",
   "Subsection": "02"
  },
  "r642": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(iii)(B)",
   "Subsection": "01"
  },
  "r643": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(iii)(B)",
   "Subsection": "02"
  },
  "r644": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(iii)(C)",
   "Subsection": "02"
  },
  "r645": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(iv)",
   "Subsection": "01"
  },
  "r646": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(iv)",
   "Subsection": "02"
  },
  "r647": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "4",
   "Paragraph": "(m)",
   "Subparagraph": "(1)(iii)",
   "Subsection": "08"
  },
  "r648": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124098289&loc=d3e6676-107765"
  },
  "r649": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124098289&loc=d3e6676-107765"
  },
  "r650": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124098289&loc=d3e6676-107765"
  },
  "r651": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(g)(4)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124098289&loc=d3e6676-107765"
  },
  "r652": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(g)(7)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124098289&loc=d3e6676-107765"
  },
  "r653": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124098289&loc=d3e6935-107765"
  },
  "r654": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "16",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393222&loc=SL20226024-175313"
  },
  "r655": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "21",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393222&loc=SL20226049-175313"
  },
  "r656": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "22",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393222&loc=SL20226052-175313"
  },
  "r657": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126899994&loc=d3e18823-107790"
  },
  "r658": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126899994&loc=d3e18823-107790"
  },
  "r659": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126899994&loc=d3e18823-107790"
  },
  "r660": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "52",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128363288&loc=d3e4984-109258"
  },
  "r661": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "30",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8906-108599"
  },
  "r662": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "31",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8924-108599"
  },
  "r663": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "340",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "05",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126905020&loc=d3e5879-108316"
  },
  "r664": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "340",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "05",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "Subparagraph": "(g)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126905020&loc=d3e5879-108316"
  },
  "r665": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611"
  },
  "r666": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "69B",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466577&loc=SL123495735-112612"
  },
  "r667": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "69C",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466577&loc=SL123495737-112612"
  },
  "r668": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "69E",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466577&loc=SL123495743-112612"
  },
  "r669": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "69F",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466577&loc=SL123495745-112612"
  },
  "r670": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "505",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644"
  },
  "r671": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "91",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920602&loc=SL49130690-203046-203046"
  },
  "r672": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "91",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920602&loc=SL49130690-203046-203046"
  },
  "r673": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "91",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920602&loc=SL49130690-203046-203046"
  },
  "r674": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "91",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920602&loc=SL49130690-203046-203046"
  },
  "r675": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "91",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920602&loc=SL49130690-203046-203046"
  },
  "r676": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "91",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920602&loc=SL49130690-203046-203046"
  },
  "r677": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "91",
   "Subparagraph": "(g)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920602&loc=SL49130690-203046-203046"
  },
  "r678": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(ii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920"
  },
  "r679": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(iv)(01)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920"
  },
  "r680": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "17",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123450688&loc=d3e4179-114921"
  },
  "r681": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "715",
   "SubTopic": "80",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35742348&loc=SL14450788-114948"
  },
  "r682": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r683": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r684": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r685": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "4J",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120409616&loc=SL4591551-111686"
  },
  "r686": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "4K",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120409616&loc=SL4591552-111686"
  },
  "r687": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "53",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123414884&loc=SL77918982-209971"
  },
  "r688": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "852",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "10",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84165509&loc=d3e56426-112766"
  },
  "r689": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "13H",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126561865&loc=SL117783719-158441"
  },
  "r690": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "13H",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126561865&loc=SL117783719-158441"
  },
  "r691": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "29F",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126561865&loc=SL117819544-158441"
  },
  "r692": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "946",
   "SubTopic": "320",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-15(Column A))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122147990&loc=d3e611379-123010"
  },
  "r693": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12"
  },
  "r694": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "b"
  },
  "r695": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "b-2"
  },
  "r696": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "d1-1"
  },
  "r697": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "15",
   "Subsection": "d-3"
  },
  "r698": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Form 10-K",
   "Number": "249",
   "Section": "310"
  },
  "r699": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Form 20-F",
   "Number": "249",
   "Section": "220",
   "Subsection": "f"
  },
  "r700": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Form 40-F",
   "Number": "249",
   "Section": "240",
   "Subsection": "f"
  },
  "r701": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 20-F",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "13",
   "Subsection": "a-1"
  },
  "r702": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-T",
   "Number": "232",
   "Section": "405"
  },
  "r703": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "405"
  },
  "r704": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "28",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3602-108585"
  },
  "r705": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "272",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125520817&loc=d3e70229-108054"
  },
  "r706": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "450",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "10",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121557415&loc=d3e14615-108349"
  },
  "r707": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "810",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "11",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126929396&loc=d3e5283-111683"
  },
  "r708": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "855",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6842918&loc=SL6314020-165662"
  },
  "r709": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r710": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(17))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r711": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(4))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r712": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(6)(a)(1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r713": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(6)(a)(3))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r714": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(6))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r715": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "210",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.5-02(9))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682"
  },
  "r716": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431353&loc=SL124442407-227067"
  },
  "r717": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431353&loc=SL124442411-227067"
  },
  "r718": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "220",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431353&loc=SL124452729-227067"
  },
  "r719": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3179-108585"
  },
  "r720": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3213-108585"
  },
  "r721": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "28",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3602-108585"
  },
  "r722": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "28",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126954810&loc=d3e3602-108585"
  },
  "r723": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "230",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "8",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126999549&loc=SL98516268-108586"
  },
  "r724": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.4-08(d))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690"
  },
  "r725": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.4-08(f))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690"
  },
  "r726": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690"
  },
  "r727": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690"
  },
  "r728": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "235",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.12-04(a))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e24072-122690"
  },
  "r729": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "23",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124436220&loc=d3e21914-107793"
  },
  "r730": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "24",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124436220&loc=d3e21930-107793"
  },
  "r731": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124436220&loc=d3e21711-107793"
  },
  "r732": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "250",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431687&loc=d3e22595-107794"
  },
  "r733": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "55",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126958026&loc=d3e2626-109256"
  },
  "r734": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "260",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124432515&loc=d3e3550-109257"
  },
  "r735": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "275",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "18",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=99393423&loc=d3e6351-108592"
  },
  "r736": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "280",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "18",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8672-108599"
  },
  "r737": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "310",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2196772"
  },
  "r738": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "323",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=114001798&loc=d3e33918-111571"
  },
  "r739": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "326",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "13",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124255953&loc=SL82919249-210447"
  },
  "r740": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "340",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6387103&loc=d3e6435-108320"
  },
  "r741": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "350",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16373-109275"
  },
  "r742": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "410",
   "SubTopic": "30",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "10",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6393242&loc=d3e13237-110859"
  },
  "r743": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "450",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "9",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121557415&loc=d3e14557-108349"
  },
  "r744": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "450",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SAB Topic 5.Y.Q2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27011672&loc=d3e149879-122751"
  },
  "r745": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "450",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2127136"
  },
  "r746": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756"
  },
  "r747": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756"
  },
  "r748": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756"
  },
  "r749": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1A",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756"
  },
  "r750": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756"
  },
  "r751": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "470",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611"
  },
  "r752": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "10",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130551-203045"
  },
  "r753": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "5",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130545-203045"
  },
  "r754": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "606",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "91",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920602&loc=SL49130690-203046-203046"
  },
  "r755": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "705",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122478"
  },
  "r756": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r757": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r758": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r759": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r760": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(ii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r761": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(iii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r762": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(iv)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r763": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(iv)(01)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r764": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(iv)(02)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r765": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(iv)(03)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r766": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)(iv)(04)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r767": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r768": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)(ii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r769": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)(iii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r770": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)(iii)(01)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r771": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)(iii)(02)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r772": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)(iii)(03)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r773": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r774": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(d)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r775": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r776": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r777": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)(i)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r778": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)(ii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r779": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)(iii)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r780": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)(iv)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r781": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "718",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)(2)(v)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128089324&loc=d3e5070-113901"
  },
  "r782": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "12",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32687-109319"
  },
  "r783": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "2",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32537-109319"
  },
  "r784": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "740",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32621-109319"
  },
  "r785": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "815",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "65",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(e)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126732423&loc=SL123482106-238011"
  },
  "r786": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "825",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "28",
   "Subparagraph": "(f)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123596393&loc=d3e14064-108612"
  },
  "r787": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125521441&loc=d3e30690-110894"
  },
  "r788": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124440516&loc=d3e30840-110895"
  },
  "r789": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "830",
   "SubTopic": "230",
   "Section": "45",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123444420&loc=d3e33268-110906"
  },
  "r790": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "25",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123399704&loc=SL77918431-209957"
  },
  "r791": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "842",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "6",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128292326&loc=SL77918701-209980"
  },
  "r792": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "852",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "Subparagraph": "(a)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124433192&loc=SL2890621-112765"
  },
  "r793": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "852",
   "SubTopic": "10",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "7",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124433192&loc=SL2890621-112765"
  },
  "r794": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121570589&loc=d3e107207-111719"
  },
  "r795": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121570589&loc=d3e107207-111719"
  },
  "r796": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "3",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121570589&loc=d3e107207-111719"
  },
  "r797": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)(1)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121570589&loc=d3e107314-111719"
  },
  "r798": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)(2)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121570589&loc=d3e107314-111719"
  },
  "r799": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "860",
   "SubTopic": "20",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4",
   "Subparagraph": "(b)(3)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121570589&loc=d3e107314-111719"
  },
  "r800": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "912",
   "SubTopic": "730",
   "Section": "25",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472174&loc=d3e58812-109433"
  },
  "r801": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "220",
   "Section": "S99",
   "Paragraph": "1",
   "Subparagraph": "(SX 210.7-04(3)(b))",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120400993&loc=SL114874131-224263"
  },
  "r802": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "4H",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116884468&loc=SL65671331-158438"
  },
  "r803": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "40",
   "Section": "55",
   "Paragraph": "13H",
   "Subparagraph": "(c)",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126561865&loc=SL117783719-158441"
  },
  "r804": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "FASB",
   "Name": "Accounting Standards Codification",
   "Topic": "944",
   "SubTopic": "825",
   "Section": "50",
   "Paragraph": "1B",
   "URI": "https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123600520&loc=SL75241803-196195"
  },
  "r805": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "11",
   "Subsection": "03"
  },
  "r806": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "12",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subsection": "04"
  },
  "r807": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(i)",
   "Subsection": "01"
  },
  "r808": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(ii)",
   "Subsection": "01"
  },
  "r809": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(iii)",
   "Subsection": "01"
  },
  "r810": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(iv)",
   "Subsection": "01"
  },
  "r811": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-X (SX)",
   "Number": "210",
   "Section": "13",
   "Paragraph": "(a)",
   "Subparagraph": "(4)(iv)",
   "Subsection": "02"
  }
 }
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>ZIP
<SEQUENCE>130
<FILENAME>0001104659-24-050776-xbrl.zip
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
begin 644 0001104659-24-050776-xbrl.zip
M4$L#!!0    ( )(PF%@KZ!CR,!X  -)* 0 0    ;FEU+3(P,C,Q,C,Q+GAS
M9.U=6W/;N))^WZK]#UR_G#E5<6S+26:<FLPIW9QH1Y:TDIS+OIR"24C"#D5J
M -*VSJ_?;O!.D2 IRA-FEU4SL4TT&MWX&D #: "__N-Y:VJ/E MF6Q_.KEY?
MGFG4TFV#6>L/9ZZS.O_E[!^__?N__?H?Y^=?>_.Q9MBZNZ66H^F<$H<:VA-S
M-MK2WNV(I=U1SIEI:CW.C#75M*O+U^]>=UZ_U<[/?Y,L>D1 %MO2)*_.ZZL@
MH>]SLZWWVIN+#OQWV7FCW;R_O'S_YD;KW@5T=R#9BA41/@OCO= W=$LTXCB<
M/;@.O;7Y=D!7Q#4=4,SZTR6FY 3ZFA0U2A#$DAW"U]29D"T5.Z+3#V<;Q]F]
MO[AX>GIZ;3'WM6YO48CK*_CO3(/JM,1[DUE_) B?'[CYVN9KH+R\OL#D!ZB*
M@)S352[UNPM(#0@QP7!"VCC=VPLO,4[*%#(P2SC$TD,9GDT%\=<Q2!Q1IK5[
MNI:D5S<W-Q<R-2051A8A\+RZ^'HW7DB,(F)63'R>EENW7<OA^V2="*J_7MN/
M%WXBXM,),[B<@XGGY?!3$UE<<;XF9!?F6!'Q(&7S$]+$SGY'12:U3$F3<]O,
M(9<I"7*+KK&AY&)U<X%Y+GRR()?@3IY085*B&,/AJ0R)@B#Y I,QS^7YY=5Y
M)S1]:!*EF@BUW&TGRY([EQ?TV:&68 \F/4<RRHD#W9,X[V#WY&O$]&P (2&A
M">J74\%A4C*#L^,YK"$EB9W#%4! :JCLL[[)YHDI28 )TT4VK4Q*$)?HW<):
MR-0_"3K=<:J7,:^(,K)+I]@FG:@DEJTB)*3M4,'6B&I8=GXLLV=\Y_6,[.RW
M?],T.380R[(=:5/X*?BXVS%K97M?X!OV8^]1\"48NH:_W,]'F:8MM1LPH9NV
M<#E=0/]D$&YT+:/O"L?>=I^9&-A;PBP?(G&F,:CC:ED"P0+1#+IB%I-*0+][
M>:F=:Q%#^"/@J0%3S>.J(5O-XZL%C'^]2+-+%>3"F#VU?I._ ^P"QDI9=S@F
M^)E]$D5&G9BZ:U;/%XF5F\W_&$!U+(!07XYT!/K0U=@F,]"\>\3$P6:QH31
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M_82W!M_:?&"[#\[*-8,L^:_,U>6HM(\WF<\09H=%)9^3<S94(T'Q\N$+PQ=
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M&6YN'<Z2C>U1MH9T)"@E(2DW).9/B^OO[-GJ.:.2!A-[J/UJ;A^3B?H1/Y'
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M.W2MB1O8P7'J;CR\CW!_-:#=/RRG&2)(5]^8WOX-_>V-6C<1,Y6$_Z8>5:N
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MO.= =RJ#1NQ@#B&Z$QZ2MX3B!=*U#&PQ1"$"[E02-4UD$1UZ)T4Z!X,[%[)
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M*;2#9=E6"7X"GW'Y0Y%:C(W3 ):E6R+:QJ$'CIC*2 B <.3VL)IPKDDN<FE
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MC^%J[AQRIF!%U;R>BXBJGA_-[A[._&E"/!7\/]UE+J+@<A^<E[.8A0%PB&M
M*CFBX$B$=]@DM"![FSQ19Q[7V'!]PXS8[UK17^2L2O^R_AGZ0?)"6G2]?^'A
MZ(<@P/9C&-!-?.W%MT%% <'N< !P^FQ HSIF&GR-I3.+_ZCUA=P1VA 6+9%)
M[T?8&]O,L4-6SZ/#\0&DH;:HJ2TP[#JTE$\*S2T=SL?3A!OSS84?-;2RYG@
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M>^SYI66<-()\K!-*6D88''?AT#3#?>@8 ;)NT0$CTX[<9N2S@R*&N]9P[^'
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ME:2'/^<:DH_V&8.!$:'0!U,T!E->?A)BE6!)GX;8>:RC3T,$$LOHTQ#[-$2
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M 4+E$DJBO0=XV>=7_D.Q8G@ .X!$8\[OP8H)T1O/)RNB'=P9INT0:T:P K$
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M@\7P\Y#6NNFSOEL^\GGN-E#+^V.#7FWF-YL<O>?O'$K"W!L>,(SL&Y%>B:0
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M^)@5!)*)G/-)TGM#*X6.N+P7 Q!&IHY4NS*WL!AD:'ZX;K_WW @?R<-U!3@
MZ3M\]<F^5E? '0#/(]R'"DS/ D+@.D]GBDS/X@Z%ZR-5KH\ &.M5N3YJ@NO<
M5,!DD"@J+\P 9 $".)T*N2G"'<QV*3.N.;#:#&HA[IPLO^+1!H8)/0R#'3%
M_HVLR!P8&P<[B-#)SP >((3U1"8/$?YPLKQ2$SE"T;^@+#_*%%M 6)I4)XJ0
M$) 26AAXCN.*$9\,)T0+A"/,Y9+BMP20=U=%8GR"($G.?4*8VD()<;&:Q5\3
MQ-]QY29M!Z!>5 FI2<F!)+/<HC / S\P7,MVMZH+8J8)@+)0U5?$#"5:'J<B
M6(P,<OB@,1SD^M&S63/JR*0/<9?S(W[/>J1JN)R\'@U7D]O!>/Z19JT.U]/Y
MC%Y>/@UR5=Y%)K^&U.^[C<YV_NAX@5G$=\Z'SP:V5&\YU^R_X\":8[CT4I+
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M@B/P>Y#Q?JE^ Y(-W]]]K'#W4<3Z_M9CZ37VI=]ZG#\Z]M;#[[$7'KC7D%A
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M2FQQT@0V]A3I(V.-_#E<;"F44CM7+R'&$<0(</2B#YTK&,&&@909)/SO W+
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M:;B8V+6"VF?X31[QFZ!8)#-OEROL:<(R:_[M/["H=T,7P<[.NSH&U ;6RR;
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M=7SIN26)%Q@ ,&00 ?W[C)<1/*@IQ:P&"HV)P$8&/9LT*%@^&HS0U*/7XN5
MT,*0:0)B^3O/T;S>5G:OEXM_B:ELEOK:1[4?S&!OK+ETB[>^$^SE3S,5>KZY
M*X+\(19EZ#N[ ]@A!;*$#92)CT$3&#DM/^( >Q$AX=RSR=YSMH[%(X1=0?P=
M!^S#Y/ZA4UH5I#D5F/C7TBJY<_)F).!.=W05T3XC3_FQ\_ \1WYNGO%$"5/C
MJ&'*6!E),_?ZPVBY76-7_1Y_10?8D%"O:_Z>?EEKN(&N(+/^4!?RDPI.'-P>
MQP"*QRL5(U$ZM9]($#DAG64R<11#M;X7['A5U%H.VIHN<"-757!=+Y;H(\X
M7 CW;8$U<5VF/9M_W.+@3\+7;+/G ZL(W-EYZT?BD0"SW+JIO7<\AU5&CYPG
MDO!1W830I0,SHEM;)MFDT"(">].BG4I];F(XGN4>P[BV=^CLQ%38BY 3D7U(
M/T;1(T$[(3^/*YS3 )%8!?2*4@N=O>/BX/ODKR@@!S^(D(4/@Q<U,V/SF"NB
M;%&>;PI#8%#9O)5PN97,'"B%A"(=N\=\36>"KL^O2,02Y7/MSW;457K"!&X-
M[?/G1;7=X$[)F@C?XO(ZY\&]7>*2N#H8/(!DE.XF:SZ=<GJ,]$>V!5.SK%+K
M 3..&VB;3K6JFP.?5"D*W^?T:9?*@'9<B&&G.#U;(*./! /C$&5$:Q-3D?4C
M#L@EE<=F;]501!3OU_!I-+_495'YZ'R)W1ZMOB"I1PDFQ'5@'7GJHD$&[E2F
MC3+ZM3\HSPOVLXUDKNP!9OY@E+A &7/FU[+!G"!#M)N1(@V4N5!U29?ZP;U/
MEV(D<N(<PEIX:= =-J8TM4.N2(-B7[CHT5@#[6H$@A%'!LX*Y7D)D "W)AK,
M/K/]P?5?"$&7Q"-;0_48*>CY>[+!SVJ'4!7-8<=\G9[Y2DK%;>'&=*W$^G?]
M&6%V%P9<G Z@LZ'++WY G)UW=0P"XE'%V%,1V$IR5J1G*A0/CMO0@QW4K2V5
MNRRC2PPN++172?ONB.",$M9(YLUG!#)W:-!BWFY68C?IH1ANMNUI@\ )_S24
M:\;72P&7;46EN J([43LIQ*S5O> #34*VIZ\*UG6'"Y<J C=(K<ZHXT8R0D2
MY.-?@$' <+9@4<V"V$0,SW#@.=XNO"<!WZA0FU#4]X(=RXI:R_%<TP5N3*L*
MKKV(C>DCR@!Q#N!">3 3O%KX8?@].B26,'*:0'9LGV+%LW$:/O2NVA=V=#>R
M0.Z,0*4CW$AO)KY^WB7G@E(VX,+=D!VZRF)81S@ZL@K1+&\B>%+/,57N"#-\
MF^N>I#:H]8*=X=!0ASX3'<)$%!3$L@R:Z3"0)5(V*.$#!<>,&L'$E.6.?)VF
MGG@?^![]T1*U1IK,7C3(P$3"MG:1YS1-:<"=WFAKHAL<E"'*.*(\2W"SGL'-
MLR)L#Z/<0D86/]8CL8\N66X_X\#!#RZ9>]1R)(QF5$1V*;=V"=2( FS\T+!&
M;CFDWATN:N@HH3V:QKS8U"KAAA)V*.&'_MCP#TP#ABG+? S\X^&[$'V>SY#C
MT0GGWE@^5&:"XB?M^!>ECAB*1,8"&DUL4HP;*A3& !V-].@B1DK?BH0''H/;
MQNK[G>Q,-^D=WFHL:- -9O0WU3O=>E'H WSCI8D&NOZ[>20HP@]'%P?(SFW!
MR.]I#[S/,H3B<N#*SVP;!S(C%HA:/KY= U<,@T]PF")S\J NRU99>AH3G=Z8
MC $*N[;I.7!VQ6$L,-NYOMJ@7 S(%*HM?W_P/3[?BB<<D[/91C8%*9J+L*WS
MY!EK'*+(Y^5A[0!_9:]H!.@8XATQ!/=@OH#3&>_D?+K+:BO(DB'?@SLY'H&9
MRQV69R&U?GN]9H2:A9%#E_N$O?*T/;KL/99PN2U]'K/!L-26\AC&HDZL=SX
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M'AQ=^M)P&@\(=G+AFW^_%^GWVP?.W.,7%9"1FHT#84[U*H*7I,UXL.5,XFZ
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MFZZO_.9[._1W]G_KZ:JK+>]E],@VV9B0_*WX_0,)3E2H: ;32^KT2K:\B]K
MWO*NE%B_E.Z!RLJ7?:Q*EUQ&\$""B,YS6&DN5DF0<4=6PIZVQAZB8QQ?0LZ.
M@7\8=O.[%VMPHH.5#TGVNDK6NB<?PPRW,CV2)83\&3R +I50>W<QV5WM9LV:
M#NHQV7A4CW^3AO7X+_^<NFXL @V*PF5K35.87J:B'Y\,5+2#YWU*TFJ?=;DN
MRHAVOVA5]<C9IU69VN(CX!XGR9_S,/IWP!XE2Z?]C ?Q_+WC\5+"CH<HR<&=
MY^KN2YF&XB/@SB/)GW,>^G? SB-+UY'SK&XO!W>>CY?W91J*CX [CR1_SGGH
MWP$[CRQ=1\[S\7YXY_GM[]=E&HJ/@#N/)'_.>>C? 3N/+%U'SD-)#NX\G]:E
MSB,^ NX\DOPYYZ%_!^P\LG0=.0\E:>IBW'D*0,$V@5('F,ZFKNOIU;KBUO <
MLX',K2Z"%>=P='MFWNBIN3 *'"L2E3W/%2_^:^'F<T<D80= %_;*OS:G3P]N
M$'6B50]AUM&V2G>C1&4@C3I0F@;".!W=E",+#F9J'@RC,R_R3#+Z0QWSK%@>
M<\D9C_P9S.@KU" YW4D_@!=/Q>)I)\ZR4]DPXOE?MP2S5_Y$2?5!4Q.Y/H4
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M'*N/;H,.G#6<4FDXI')O^"P^!BO">?VKZ_GSXI;<+#_!&S[SU=WR85(0]G
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MXD?+#;GM9#7$1F0W < >T<Y*E@8:>"$'YC$UQ@#&0L@B$H.@ID$8H]4%\&[
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MS+2FA:/H>:*0+G1^9E^3GZYXMJEOA6X@B?JR=CA]K%&S%*\K&^%$[7I1^\_
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MA3"UY)&'JI&4[7\TAY*=D"F)-!!UDGJ:^WR#GT$<1)ERB*(.H;P:1>A&$(E
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M<+TB/CXR_>*Y[RS^=7#WQ;?D6UFLCLH4O;W1*LV^+R4Q-21H5D0]+J0\V;^
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MSY9'HT\4SCE6+,[6-L8))^UT3#='Y"UQ[XBTD%O1-5W7WP3A3KCLGH8QFTS
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M'DNH&/_X3FOH-4DY]<T,5 QG__>/N:Q,A-__^W^E?TGH_??_!U!+ P04
M" "2,)A8::Q[[D>"  #^+ D %    &YI=2TR,#(S,3(S,5]P<F4N>&UL[+UM
M<^,XLB[X?2/V/VA[/]R9B*EIOY1M:>+,WI!EV:7;LJ0CR=53YTL'+4(RIRA2
M U*N4O_Z!?@BD1(! B1 @K#BSCU=M@$0F?D@D4@D,O_K?_]<VZUW #W+=?[Y
MR^7?+WYI 6?AFI:S^N<O6^^3X2TLZY?__?_]W__7?_T_GS[]ZWXZ;)GN8KL&
MCM]:0&#XP&S]L/RWUMS=; RG]0P@M&R[=0\M<P5:K<N+O]_^_>KO-ZU/GZ(Q
M[@T/]7&=5C#8U=\O]W_I1>.YSC]:GW^]0O^[N/K<ZOSCXN(?GSNM[O.^X3.:
MW]+*;6E;SO=_X/_SBC[90H0Z7O#C/W]Y\_W-/W[]]<>/'W__^0KMO[MPA8:X
MN/XU;OU+U!S_U:*TMQS/-YS%H?W)^#^N@]:7G4[GU^"O^Z:>E=40#7OYZ[^>
MA[/%&U@;GQ(?\*Q_>,$OA^["\ -YY=+1(K; /WV*FWW"O_IT>?7I^O+O/SWS
M%\2]5NN_H&N#*5BV@FG_P]]MP#]_\:SUQL:S"7[W!L'RG[\XUA8-<'5]>15V
M_W\?(H3$_^TZ9M_Q+7\W<)8N7 >3_Z6%AW^9#E)4H*'^OG#7O^*__<HV3,!-
M)I'^6I*LF8_@B2?2<QW/M2T3H_7>L+%\9F\ ^!X#42R#J$32Q(#HSV_ MQ:&
M+82^HQ%K)G;_2V^\[+GK#01OP/&L=S! :G -AJY76*I,0ZM-OA#I\WU#)8:\
M&<X*> -G]H;F^.;:)MHH^__9(A4DA!>TX9O!!O'X8/Z62@PRO+='V_TA1E,<
M!JN.Q ?+6]BNMX7@ 7@+:&WPWCI>CN'*<*P_@YT6[;X3:#D+:V/8W85OO5N^
M!5@H+C%V'0R8;==K ^[&RYFU<I"9N3"0Y;%8N%MD>CBK"1+9@I=NUB%K(??-
MA?X<P/7 >0>>'X"0C[C, >H@)6*I-P4+8+T;KS88 9^+%L((=1"#N>GX+N3%
M6JI?'1.?0+ Q=@$,T+(>(X4->UN(57?7\]AL9)[!ZB'1W0"(=B3;"$\E:'_:
MX$GRXHT^4#VP0\?-E860'S*8EZ+,_G40$F!EY#K%L4<8H58E?6\XW^]="-T?
M:.,HJ*>/QZB#H)'K W00W&$5RT5%NF--NPS< K/_<X,.,>!8+0TMX]6R^4TC
MCE$56$U%J:0-4PM9T+0<9)D%APT^2M(]ZU$*Z-.!-Q4?JA%LF/UJN4/40<ZC
M8<&OAKT%S\# /^-MD(N8[ 'JV42Q7V-N_.3<.O>]:E')P#_XI28 %E\;.2/5
M0=P4(*MX"SC]S]3NM>@K9"T:^,PX1!#GU;W'?>L@ *F9M>7']GS/#0[ P.$^
M45/'J>5($#BGL!8UG-W8L7=H3B;>RLU'A'TT,<,N"C[>H=5UFDATGM3K1.%T
M;,VQ]2K5=19_05TL%. !W\"J.-.*$$H91AG'6@&ZJ./4[&0K0$Y&;Q4=;@4H
M8QU2->=;(5+SAU/$$5<(HL11%' C%,8G=1R%''1E='_V2$I[O(IM"7QC*P#;
M<A3G#Z:.,ZD0?FD#J>)8*D 8;9A:G4R%MH6COLHYG H0Q32>&LZG M21!U'
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M^01["@Q.4LO:!CF[1/6)MJ=(8HC;;X@!#VAWM-T-7FAT>%#[:(<0?FKU,R6
M@WAH(PYTS;7E6)A_/M*[=)CD]-(.*$7H+6N#* >5$R:R6A_:P8&-PK*F1AH
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MN348?>W/HC(DRA^-$RQX *_Q+N3O9F"QA32?6Y$!*M8-SP;\#GPL@,-D\K0
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M;4T%$;B9GR\W"H52)<>ACC/AND-J"8>ZAP^[%A;Z)S7_%M\@RDN<(K93E2R
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MHU^=L-,82U[I9-5\DL>OOR?0?;=,8-[O7H(4WGN[[)"RBPP+Q@'TQ4P9!L2
MTJ5^-X$=^)FG5P90&0-\+$"Q,B &E"X%NPGLB)+,%P=4Q@ ?"U"L#(@!I4O<
M:G^Y! M_O$36WIOAK,#4\,'8"7*@H/^/GQ6]&S8($A,D$Z1T'3/]BT1+9#2$
MAF.8+M>P@P2L065D;X$,30L9G>8XSOY- FK]$]-T 2C*V'AAR7*8UW#!7X:E
M$X!FCOW'N$@F> #A?_>,3@HO%"CI!J?22:0D>W?1OKW0XR*H?B;&RT.1] WU
M+@X96#]#EY$G,1++!F1O@G4Q\PUX>N]PQF,6[R_/@,QD2HS(LE<<(2+[CDG&
MHZ3J"K/M&B</'B]GULJQEM8"O^H/@^'1%C%Q;6N!XU9<G![* LX"S*'A>':!
ML@I7IW6L9B_/S]WI-UQ2839X&@T>![WN:-[J]GKCEU%0:WHR'@YZ83&%Q!Q:
M_F$2\HLIB'IVD>!G3E%J6H>JLQVX$"!DA(%+BUW29D@@X9) "&/O].*Z;+<[
M-:?8SY=8*L]!"2JE9O!51'F$JO5(H?(JCY.:+'S* WV\93AF:X'_ 0[3.*N/
MBBJP9*. K?X*I6_#54=Q&I4IL;(O ?H$W!4T-F](#=B$&BO$MLJ)L;A@#D+F
MIU@=H8+5\:2)]5:(;941*K\@CH3(1:&,$AL>6/Q]Y;[_&N@6N M%%_UPD%ST
MBS]ZHR,Q'?Z@EDRX^'J020XY]0O@9480P,LL/>.K=N>BP0(@D$.L7%"9 +[\
M1A# E]^T$@"!'&*E  $/Q8(HT%[P?63<9-9J(C73@O5<Q G*J6^')[LJ*JU%
MAUA2D;S$GY61IFB;+9=(2F46,6;:7ME%,XFT7?130MU%O_FC:]O1K$F5\6A-
ME9$D$_<36I"7)JF6 :NL^B]3DFS0GY21!3=S,^1"HD<).?1&WTAR0'_22@XD
M>J0::JQR>+J?D.2 _J25'$CT"*KL5-Y,X!;>E]\>2,)#?])*>"1ZB#9>E7)X
MF1'E@/ZDE1Q(]!#K$M5PH7]J?&88U/D=E)&;2!.[(-G*Z,CRQ0]/J<[^+;40
M<IDATPR^;G<Z-_7BBA,+IV 2S@U!%[/UP*T G!H%%^'29M5.\@&3O,FOP-\S
MQ9$*!&?/_F_*R5^4IX=.(<5Y5^UM7##-S-5[]%=E!)7/W Q!%%E<%7#_V7*L
M]79-Y'_J[^I)@$GKL=$A50JEM[=A' _*M<,-,Z-(=5%R96C7K,XKIIV"#.7$
M7T1DV8*7::ZHD]P\#@Z_!P;$#\*B:G8#)ZAE1Y \O9.FF"A -.7&JXFZX-GP
M<4'TW7@YM]8@9@ !(]F-TVSZW$::5P=L<! KR"&C<NARLBPF;\#R=:F 9?SE
M5OSICQ6D_(>@0Q5/F'(<'$B-1TXU2B^)FW;GHN:]@<[0TY7.0(YZ/C!9T2L*
MR(]!'NGS6BXURHBOUG"6&D7+)*6,&RY6FAH71E&C++B9RQ)&H9(<>&Z &RX'
M$CTRPEE*F1-Y+JG3ALK(J="VQ$F7H%-EH0TJ,[8Y:>_CC)19K@-B.W5%1Y?"
M07Q\I$E]NLKM/V*7)[F.":VYQM*E42C5\2-1R"/7X93SH8?&HLXA4JI+YU()
METXZ=(#7J?.YE%/G\.WP'?J'<NLT*[%.#IE"QDXOP=MVYW/-+F2^M^OR>*!H
M*$WY&%"_9T"X0_S]:MA;DI^1J:]RV)&'!M;;;!8.J66S"@XKI==;RVS[H6'$
MSA&I5G##\H/*V!$_- S%<TZ4&4\OP5*K&3][<Z&/CSAA/G9\..*^H;TI9<P'
M,_CDXWM:ZS"'CV73_U']EG>(BDM(GBV-U'$'Y;0.G=$9;E8^TI2Y#RP6WA53
M.$=?H;RF.FVHG)PYY78J>$8:-1)XS_#!"NU ?P9RHKYDR>^H'" 8Y9D'!&9:
M&PV,K*V?"@AR!\6!P"S/C*V!C^;F>UPR=6KN_2NU4YI3=^W.Q77#]XT"]-9Y
M1UL:%!-C%_+([2[0F0D=+C*6!0$;3'V; 1&ZA$]A4IQT[5X5/!F6@ZL0CIU\
MQ&2VU1,A[*0*TA^YB*C5&S&![@9 ?S>Q\9\=$SMH-I@G(^#S>B5N2WDEXIG\
MK;7!<PER7H-X-G]K.<#_6!Z*&NT0(BC8O!7T[LJIE:)YKPN065V69!Y3@T3'
M_2['8<'04SEIEY)?AL%1D 7-0@(F)3.8G:.G<D@H*CH.$.10K\JK]/LM8A+2
M?U1?1+I1<Z29(X-3:3(0JHK@G@W$$0? 79)@JA0I/306*2_5JH3C/VZA8_G(
MF$;S?K1^XG_1'8;D#AI+EY-H02G&2PMWO$2',L"V;#/;IJEKMSN7->?8$R=2
M=GIEY+ L(LVOX,U:V#G+,]U(8_DQ$"HUZ:7XW&$*B$?0T26?2.E9XB6G#ZM1
M5OG,S1!$_BII6OHP%21 F5=:!OETU"H%XR=="LF_-UD*N72H8I43M6_>I6U^
M1V7D5[6[C,Z!:A+VU ^@%P\LM_;06I*<[ P]E8-009ES@">'>+$Q0ZK=X V!
MX0%OL-X8%L3,&"^'KK,:6N_ ['H>X \NOBMUC1=.YV^MPX1:[K*%I_3)QG-J
MA9,ZW^5QOQ8>&HZ)D#ZU5F_X=K;O^=;:\(%)5!ILG=)+IH/6S%43[N-*$-?\
MD+%@#1U66._-@*M\>%([-10&)8B3\#2JZD#CA-(?(.DX*PN98J&"?42'&A\$
M*I<4;<S66SU@\(OZ%"]EB)?Z%/-:":,B>(?:-9&!,#=^XM0#[\#9@BE8N*@3
M_C*O4=$N950$TVD9>#XM'T_H;ZUH2BUXF-/9II#\9#<" ?8#XPD!N'3AVG 6
M8/QJ6ZL D?V?&X ?^\VM-6J"4(9^ZRW1=-'?:-%#8@973U=Q;6(2F:!,??8"
MKG<%Y"A1,DR.>26ER.^8KU&2^<QE=,SGB4)IQWS[HG-U7=-+(1:NLCKF8SJ:
MZ9AOF!1RZ9#JF,^1P@2ZYG;AC^$,P'=K0=I:LIHI(Y/*=QEF;BAS$QS-V.LZ
M9C3G[.S*U+;*")Q+!IFB8R1.E4#%V9NUV2"XHEE_,1S3S@LV);97482,LCBU
M]_FH5$66$=54^:7::"6S?,J:[U>,&$-?H<DV6DDXGS()U]%-\^7,? /Z#X9/
M>QXD]B/*8*Q2:ZU"7E)07=^3I-)T#W-B<L1]X Q0B7RD5+2M(8]AYOU\ZLZ$
MX-8GMM,//'1YIB_RV5FB5AK4?!Q,D<9%K%N S'3NI*9ITB\[%Y>7]:"!3S@4
MH>81)U6NU6];/=<)V(33U_>VGN^N 0S"5,;+*?"WT,G+TLW:/\W,=OT9_RO3
M&V)8I59YT$Q]$E&!4ZDNMXX97"3N<$J;#(5";*L<3LJ)+:UI^*C63M5X <^"
M94=4)XDVVD*!G=H&K/IG]]6R07>S05@.A!'[,AXA -&_D6ZUW./P+K[.:?9T
MVIV[FF_:1>J%DFR0^NI T:-TF5.RME@JSP6IQ]<;-:%$,_+"57=9!FT,PY\!
M6891Q ?:8O+?J9&-/Y;(O6%CKG$_ENF4BFN-O]Z*/_^Q0E@1[.ZNKN[N;F^N
M;V[:G=OKR^K39/;><##,P,E:FD/+0 8$0FO>:9UG#.64$J=\,NSMTN1+2;ZJ
M@,MG3SV'FV??1SF@E)<SF_>&S@%!6-D$.U]P*U;>H,H\P>%Z-U.P /@=R<#I
MFN]8PX\ VNN_&EG.8&I[K<%0C/H&%'BE,B?]J.9/8#XB!H\W !MRD3V0A9*2
M0Z98V;EHM^_N- .2# :5=05T0JPY8(7?IRJ0'9R/2T6VKY-!M$:>0)9(]154
MG^Q"KEWT(7%$@TW9XWIH%_6=4R5UH\2!?09L.PR9?3;@=X#_A!T<C@>\)Q<=
M !S\IO<)HKY>?[VQW1T ]\ !2XL[$<;E1;DJ>^%$@SSV^ZFVXKG^K768;2N<
M[M]:\81;\8P_ECN@^C0*)A*!;WD'#)'F?-)0.27$F2Z!C:!J7KJ7,K&/%_UL
M^^I9IH7?K!.L%\9>#95P&>K4.E&57MX/2(<ZP RV4NMU&_B[D8F/KX=S35NF
MO@V%2'D:J\G'5O?%  Y6@Z'X''-J>=]Y#8C+LI<#AQD$9@1$<SB;!+)/*P>F
M8YG3DE9D-TZOF,MVY[)16H&#*"6+F)S,_WZ'S.G%&UKSWRF/5?*Z*2=5#CDQ
M")F%VH:(.Z:#6K FKYOZXF:1&(O@&>A6Y>5I&-CWY+JF-W=]PZ8^4,QNW "Y
M,@@D2Z[,U*HBS9EA[S.+C0#]/7%F6UUER4YL\Y\:1[:)%U[]X1V,B@-2<UVA
MP$6OH,(VV3>9D0\ZNIC-+G-";JB;?#@I5:5(3881D5/BD=)#?9F6M(BIA%:7
M&:?4Z36O<".EA_KRS1$1R]F63JTRIM(6OV$ \&3^=*.)WBM-\56[T[E53+XY
MTLFPG I0K(J,X^V$3\8YO324<1&*5:D<,WM##+HW/& &)[6N8XY<!T2WOO'C
MI#DT'"\,S[_?Q8BF;-'E!FT 0CAV<0F\4#(M"B^=,9546Z#<H,H!20(6R@..
M@6>"-J3,8US\^7\1SV]'+1HO50:&IX]U+ RHO8((5;C?<H7[[:,+E\8 19UJ
MN=F(_^W"V#;R"%EP3QLI!X%"VS\';93HVFHSVHZ,-1@O4[,F9K0EME5&?!P2
M2(N-CS29>V/\^5S7IF+*DY^+V7[,QNUW\<3O<R5VGT7;=;MS6V.:4A$BH]%5
M^S9&E5DO5V8]365&HZOVQ+)4F3WDRNQ!4YG1Z)+P7*?N6X-A3LY4<@=E)"_G
M3HA.IZ 7.*H\W(HB$/ +R:S72/V?"WMKXJ<XG@?0_W"61P)>"HRD/I#H6#@%
MDR@F2,F54&>8_FF,PPCXO2W$$F$. SETT0\YW-0V(+U='#01+(?XR)@M]+SF
M^@B\$*6";,;<-$UU1'DF2CC,7)OT5H?<01]H%*15ZEMR[@=\XBW5**6TL0*D
M7'*T+CK"@Y/::FS6FE^,K_!3R"G8N!#_GO<5UU7)9^#!UUO[SY\?<$F=^VB+
M3^KCY7@#\"IP5I$ 2&=98OOT<OG<;G=J5@Y\S[CXZ)+ZT%L1-8#&WR*\[:;H
M8_"=.]7CY74Y/1!_OA5__ZP(^$\-FPUT$; "I,S=/4]G6[BQM]XC3OZ^W_#&
MRPETEY8?)!$[=4Z4'B^]D&[:G8OK)B@(.70WH"Y+#PT&$,V/+F2@/ZIZ.T<#
M>F_(O.YZ28Y,P<KRT&C [!D;R\>$GCK%97ZOP>"KGB]JY;7(UVQ>@A7Q;I&G
MO;+Z-!@DQ6B3FI?B4K89\X8."+AJR<!!]/F!L<9GHUQ?G&:<^#*>SC_-^]/G
MUF#TM3^;/_='\UD#3(\4$U[]KF/V_[-%<IB!Q1;)(]\4X1F@:H_W.^(]]N,B
M%8@?>^+Y)::UQ@?%/W%B%L^_-SQBX#?O,,JI WX9I]SB(L@79;?@-]?EZPK*
M1M9BL5UO;9R"] FZGO?B0&#8F$E/AN7<@Z4+ ?D63\C8'PN#)7BBUAV.<& >
MF)1F6<Z]']\HFH.M"/759.Y27M\-T4^R]%UJ;,TA*(XGU60]EF2Z9][01VY)
M/A/^\ZD)'_D39ZUIO]<??.W>#_M_:XWZ<VS=AY]H@#E/BV%@\RGF=*T]:"5
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M.59I5MF7GS6/[I98DZ708&=$EN*49L6#"W &M14'2-3V#,A2G)):M_A2<EQ
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ML;W'%/BM]*J^;7<N+AK]-C,[>U=EG&OT Y62[S05 $]U@N9ZLZD#.+1ZLZD
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MHK\BM>D&&>,'. 8&>'0_D90OJ@I".J).[\*J9I'46('J[V>C6YX]=Z*4N/?
M 4N+!$MZ)UV058!*J0J/^R*U-#@>HDGSH2.GER[P*$*FH(MV4N:INYJV1%9D
M:(Z( D@H?2_N^H8M*>3BV?AIK;?KQ)5BZMIUL,0O+*R5$V9@<^'XA^-U?1L8
MGC__@3B\>T0V>G0Y.UX&X2C>P$EU6F=?EU?TY:;CKFY6-2 N]QD=%Q%[(@*-
M%7BP(%CX]@Z_XC3O=T?<03\.W1\ DMB9A56Q7] "DQ6PA'BT;U1@1SK:9;Q\
ML)9!]/("H%.+_P, 9P(7V5$O7<?,CJ#A#>ZXI@9WI&>( SS,PQQ;K^$D6Y-I
MK^7%TTQ$>[30$0P$ 1\@GNO)7\_Q';68:%DG90(N68DM_8'T2K_N7-3U/)$S
M!J4B3FCF>B"P@,#$8@\6A'Y#77C*P1L%X-+8^3$POK> DOMVM*_BETM\:,X;
M[8Q;D8S3S,='8 V..D:D6/B%25BWE ^3I_W/*"S'JK*^PTZ(.P>L\(.A$^3=
MJH*\D8L/*EMT6'BUXXJGV6^9<$E /E3RC7U&K#PV2GT7I(P6S6)4$"Q3'K;!
M,&>$"N&85$>F&&<\RVNIY-OW(VMFD>6Z+#WFQX6?//95X]BL6S%.\)2^(6,G
MX6+FTXE9(WQ</(IB5H2^.[W1UWLSG!5:MO$5/FH0EH+!95E"MMNV^\,X59OB
M!CYC51(/(PBWU=C,58RP^-!@8V!,A*".E-@,[G,VQ1P<+S/L"V_LX I5B[X!
M'<1(;P)@SS8\_#H\^._].(I\#$YL1+-0P-@?%W7RV1C[R2_4V*D+@/3!LO%+
M?TDPY1H]S>'/[?9=S;6!%0)J>4;&4)6<7DUVK,9)O.>^>N#)7Q+%_GBC,3Y3
MHS'B+R6#*(Q@&D&0A9GQ9_LPEW.H147QTGMP/$$7+14Z ?1.ZJHFMI"( M1)
MO0*N+XA^SX%(=SLK_&BE9T"X6[KPAP%-D@>$8P3EX%) _@P@XF2 9D$%)^Q(
M[$Z1P8!O$N%[D!*JNUC K6%[OR,V&8Z_B__$"K9"@W\0'(KCC=2H NZ*Y)GF
M_ GU7?,=0-_RT#J,J,\PTQEZZ066,D1+3<19_8/9$S:D+656#93NI1=:RA M
M]0Z]^GB08MIU[PQ^=.&#NWWUEUL;_0VGIA"[Q=$^]$$P*8=/4F_?)6U]0X#.
MQHEC/LO&=]Q'+] 4)UFS&^\3)N!W3@Z.?F951_L.:7;=M#N7349(07JE7DDK
MX Y@OG/FOA#5%C",A)>]"<Z)F%5 M8P LU<1-?T@Z"!1*O5:MU8P)'981#R[
MOSF[GW(P*>YRYB!0LV<=V4S ]ICEK+K8(;4*LOXRG)'H_95#2S'QL\*(E0.:
ME93*9L8A/P0?C!+]/AA\\BA7RPTL"383Z&X ]'<3VW!\G,?@/UMKDY$*IN H
M'PQ2?'R0G(&J/HAE!5_DX"FKB_;@829::H:J=OUGIS0W68]1Z5[:HX6';JE^
MW%JO(]A5"FU=W2(VM;6#1QZY@KR[N1N.[/"_TY"3QRCDA#?$[X8:XK?_3@M7
MT&HM\)=:<73+.8)/\NRY8[-8(Y$46/R<;A1.RD0=>#/-A8Z06SPR1?V?&RN,
MI\:/Y,9.5B +1V_E1,\IR_2M7EG"I;I"Q*2)9"5Q_L,M@0S4^V,B@T2X6O4!
MRB$#C5%&:P3]/R@ZB*2K%0Y7"A^/[C:K&@Q/]X^)#B+E4J/?*@:']5Y&=^#N
M'Q0<),JK24TMO>YS\!3>&SBG 0^\A\Y;>@GG\$,MRVF]QY]J&?&WSJ=.?6*"
M[CH7[<9>YW.1*.C8@321Y9HSWX"^ D]_LA1!FCUQ^HSN&D?<$F##.TS3,22$
M7JFG%3%I(?+I?  +B(-R,^%19(BF0D,8K5(/*0K$&$K>BRX;@9;2- HZK82[
M4=\YC4:]KLHHG< %ICY1B1,1[Y@]U[9Q.CPTN/&#USJ]HUJGN+H$^F0K_<T@
MX\'AJRWTV;.A6F#/F 20&B_#).U@O!Q::RN$B??HPA<D,K@Q=NN@0- <9XY[
MV(*YB[.\;L-FAMV'T(59CV#$#9Y>5NUVY[89FJ,"+JB5,$$0R)Y="'!)Z:#R
M[](")M%B$3;VQX(8#Q.DFKYBDDU%1:="(L;+#((1&S*X,W?O03_:F>8N=BAA
MQU*6+A/\A2:CK0I6J&57%]%J<V@X'IKJ!%H+7-3,\[:9+T6+#--D] BC5^H5
M@.S$8B,0E1;&/F[$DE0BM2 ]($XM%F9?.VX;M$F8!WSV=OOB\MC>'O7GL<W]
ME^%X-OMK:]*?ML;3A\&H._W6FGWI3ONH63"M,-58.+&6 _PXV]A?<,#27UOH
MB-+R\/Q:B\,$&V"9)S+<!>S-,<O)S2L^L*>PT7U'3#9>___VKK:W49R+_I7\
M@MUYGT1:/5*:IJ-(G1 E[:SVTXB"DZ ED 62:?[]8P,)(=C&!@,73[_L3EL;
M?.XY^.7Z^MI-9H\[WUM%OO4ON541:SP54PFPRL\#UR65,7J]L%>+6K.$4SGC
MB,@F;Y31</3N2[=24$MOB7RHZ#63Q-_(V6R)G8XH,#=H?MB]X"$LO4#8.$1A
MA$<)<E".W]G(/@:<L&3Z&"5@%2W%6/'4[9]4Y5HEGOS9\;2CBH*NJH-3CA(U
M2(JLS!Z*.BEEXJ*NNK@(R>FWH^F2 Y97-J0)J,ZC=!>3<MO <B"U-OI5[KC
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MMR6W>^":$4F%?E-<=LPN[!M0Q^RL"0,G:\,@2!HQB/R!GUT^'[=#TP&^_;P
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MK9V&;SZF_7Z%257*!7I. 233*2=9@\E'-TD1#>VCF3B2/4_[JZ()Y//:/\G
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MI@N@-3Z/)W.U%>?8Z41$N&Q#SR;&M6(_FI/%G]D\<,:.E[=%^!RR[LOP6T]
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M8*O\6#5K=\$'(H#7AW_=#6<^ LR:*H::,!5"<0#8#7.&_5YZFJ6,).OWB_7
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M#_.SQ/T ^A6 OCIZ9GF2_OK7&"NEXK)F4RPC5F:ZWLD,2ESD9C#N -0'HGT
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M=A39&<5']NS\A20WGZN6W>I@+.2[+.G6DJ4@Z,F+(+*D)<+9X)M1ZTBODXK
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MEEO17';_VWK%* #TY2;^:WA%GRKK&92F$@C>)6?%_I!K-:*W).HW\8H1. X
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MF,&_=2IN5 .(3WEPGC8K#,'Y/!+GT'R!FO+BC(M<XCHR'OP:"GW+*8<N=\7
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M'AJ>)^<.'9 =I!,V.V<GO46N7$9F+.^U#IZY!LOR-Y]X:*A[R<STL/%4$MD
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M[L".EC-C^M*_[1M2" <T_:>[LC'5]*P892JZZH[NRXPN',?=H4F<)9C7$S%
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M5/X:U0>JCVWJX\]WU]N409F!URJ&%5^FC@,(;$@%:L++>\Y FL=".8$D,36
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MY% DRSDO4BE9MHVDHN;/Z8EH:$:A!_F_NR6+YBIV*3>SCBS*6C7BIJ349=4
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MRH*0 >.SH9^RSL$P=)8/I"LFV^>CU9D%E\5?^&QE9H-Q2ZUB-_P5!TRFR^V
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M<XP#\L'R3#%!SX(Q*3\L9E@72EK:H^5%V4V46'L5AQ3Y1EL>F\^I%.G6]/O
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MFI6RBMKH$V-0'4,:&%1O+E4PJ-X\JIP\_+=S>,'4>Q9F\F,HO;E4:;TLJ1Q
MSVU<'CE7Q@/#(/6A+KG9UWL&CI-M<;1ZMR9X2.'VQK1WFPN-%&YO5&TW53V
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M>17)Y(1XGOK1.&U% \H3MT$Y-:.KD2_0A(?L!"6/G@30A(?L""6? ]='2BH
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MXL$L%N>\2.;-I*PX2<B9>SR,47WFJ"<Q90DG/!S S<(_Q(TAZ64!C+Z] <M
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M@OBKE(ZOKM&]&*VFR=%R,.@IU?JA6L](?U)FF(Q29]6.A:BPG50I#$.67DF
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ML>#HWQ!45,R!M6Q$M:>@]<C X1Z?.@5M%Z^X)'LP;/[/!7/9P>I^:A/R+IQ
M/%5'T=EEWVK^J\$Y89G5#15D. <!=45=.)%.SR#052^)]+XO3W6@W[O7]J.@
MUH+UN(F>=:32DB_34FWM3S$K])RJ7/'5TL?,E74)5(:=N;V]/2ZR^3$8@T(C
ML(4X>;!R%^*H=W9&$2GG8\J=9D6.3R@35N'5Q66/@GD^<J6.;G$QC:W#JA-&
MPE6F<V[0._<9?5Q67JS8H8WN65U:22PPFDYP^8]YE=6C+)5ZGI\U$I=<P@^D
MK@6/IL5.+V[F5 *NNO1Q]!JGLV;CE7)-Z1D19H'#E_)&?9^.ZC!$.:.*OPSS
MI[@^ _]N:I7T+(A&@J*F)+Y++4@]DU$,V]%>Y46$J?B/)5)3@D2 PHZM+7,4
MEF2_>=]<7T:4F0S]Z<2UEA9K]K>=N^G;$(?0K6U!VCVZFQ*'D2H8[:\[M>0@
MX_L3FO%VC/K!0#,:V$)WSNG826N$U7'TACB%LI :KL8V8]QI\6K<3\U!2640
M:-BUTL$& 0*;Y676Z/(];Y\<SK:;U2DROV)I+FI95PWHKW;M+ROXX4(OE3PK
MP\.9RD?^-!L*D]D&+DIJ5,K=]W9NXH,G3+2>+CI3HH6N#FQ6\J2E&\F==?W
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M5(#.$N/ RL?>9'6J $Z&BN=9MWO66I5;I,^IK(1IXA1ZM8G2@@)V(TJX2-L
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M ?O\#!!B,8Y+0WJYLQU/A"MSP2LZ,/W>T9#)6H?>Y>=T=3UNI9,9I41[GAJ
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MB)5/\"#]"#1T,S&>B ,[NDRY>N+@N?EM-XQ1ZG1\.I%Z!W'$:$ +\^*$^'V
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MW*54?17Z&_M$/DK#K,3Z.BP1;GBZLYMX=4*/-'R0 ^SNSW'T@**+I-D2AJ>
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M$^Z8]?O&96_7R.$'J%D?%8[VM\B0 .\;XE5\!!WZ0X;!$D573W&]$RH>FM3
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M;[_\>'IQW(] I^;DG\$;9Y?V#:8#?>G"O/?L'^__GW/[]W<TD.D^9>_KK>V
MJY=SDKAI[#V"'( 9#T)Q7#8]<88+'-O=ELN*V!^<XC:/UF8 PU+O*'/ARBUU
M%72KG<@O&]7%>U3&VO;.5E[>+1A=#NFNBO#O15/W*Z>M#/4O!KC!':H_ H74
MR)V&@@_:*$[484Q52"E[AZ9!V\]'U4/MB,[L E30S#,$;<!3MQ/^HY36MP+9
MTX[-L6O  MMY/D;F<=V_4L]?8#I0,]$6Q!B0>V*9>8SI.@Q"PW]C=TZ(D0C=
ME%UZ8F&_B68)NM7 <53%/,DJ73ME]ZQ%/"LR>C!\5<XJ% B]NZG.,GCQZ<P;
MSK,\Z:FL6D+^1XD);QNDY.G/JKA.N(B!Z6(^AY7:\)FP$(U.L^]^+,K;27D;
M2Z2^5EB\4\?.,'(]3A=WP%O-<?0S9P4PD&S#<WA*I'B8C$Q^Q"0=[48QBYNA
M&-Y :&JYY"8B498TJ0M3AY3OH=\5'"%>;BS&G4.[<-[1LBY*U/#_:D*N[L@<
M+G3)MM&0,\S+9VB(>T.MESJM^&E:^\9SN?XO>^_:W,:198O^%<0YMR?L"%"6
M9,N/]L2)H&FI6SVMED*2VS'G6Q$HD-4"JC!5 "GTK[^YUW[DSJHL )35)MF'
M-^*>:5- (2L?._=C[;7HEO6B7.)BH/O./#JY[:EFW%X)D-?\N/T1U5C'(-\'
MZ6Q[%;XPZ6WX-Y2>T\9M;94EVUYFEO@>V>9?>?YQ^'8\1Q&/ELT_:@%A1HFN
MBA>,$E^Q/?"N&$9N35?(B<;L:0NBZUXG"[-'M,OC76;-">0;>BWM*.AEI@?S
MIEG=M"L=UPT7&)/$KG2D#DV[T<S8T[41P6MX%^[H8!E]:GAD7</1$:A),.#!
M1D#_Q^0JI^&,U@FCKM0>X_OL?-MZ.8].$K4:J9:!-F%DYFFJ5T+TCFZB48?6
MH:2$X.S?JJGUSA"< -<YM9ZL=9H!9\!4"[N@,MA,"E_5B2^1?H^[0KI8J.<\
MN9A$2)KR4ZO62:SS8DN#45(JQP<']QG*AM* LO^7V)6TWPDK=U6UFVBN=2_8
MK8)6,8*CX+U$S8^6^-9,6^(]>$DQK'BX/ZSO.QHB-O_L;#C').USILZ5,L[I
M#%B1!$S7=? +HGA6@@MIXLKHU446E=DRH9/9[G0-[*IP^*;X7HA\FXYY17P2
M3'MT..E%_51^!V "Z >X;UD_Q.9(,#!2&$%P%G$2Q39,8QO;O?E$1#ON+SN%
M?-+."#]!D"T:YG',(6GE+I?69.2RXK>[F&(-[T]$%;D:]D[[V85E$<";OFM6
M"'>$V/OAZR'%=MZ%>Y_+/!(L,#X/C"98?TY$QH5F:31"%U_7BC!*PA/")M;Q
M6$.^WFFP9CJTB^!_DWV3WXY-_/: P?[1B:5+C9HF;H(:2R! IS,A;Y.W37>U
MP;VULXV[5+6&I5&J0X&?^GGNO^B&M:_AUX6II\0GJN#:,,Z=_H1&PA3"_'/O
M_%7LP<?GQ'N+#?R<&VQFOHT^T4ELFCG<08*@5"W68A:.&@,-PI[95/],4RR,
M250-/ +W +H?-P4*T5N6#;41!Y^4XHO:2J-5J;>,VIBYLP(1@16;4KFE&*2I
MD8*7D/$KOAB2K:S>6WS5SVFIHUG^!"?S*@R2+^(_7E;S\$;@J/W^Z>.O?_1^
MXGVK;SYYJ&\^U#?_/>J;"9_%'MX(N/R,659X?P+(9S_QO&A#_-#>>A28MM$Q
M[2&W(/0"I(NR"5?^^A*X,T&WQ+Z YUN"T$PCSA)ERR:X3B ).NVJPC)LY&_Z
MD,YIMC68S/ \;EWO)9A[!%H$^T][ P8]$8K"T6S-D4LTL=5Q=TZ!UK5@7=@G
M&_9Z\([V+M-0!3XB]%$03'ZLUSMT!*28TG ;]F][7!> DA;@RE!T: JD#<-A
M1.E4]K+&1FG8*, ]+,<C^OT6MRK'8!@F5S=SJ'^%G'<EJ%DF,/1=K^\E I.;
MN?@E,W);FU9\ 77=N)<2_EW*7% @I=UPC\>OE]6R-)2C19IAS.2U3=:7+17,
MFMIU-M <Q8K[T\<\"#?$9(O!:]R5&R$DJ1;$%#-$%?-Y"/L\K%Q3VU2XIW(U
MA_VSD_/J0P1ATBF<EPMN)^FX'9##BG4YYU"KZC:&4D/E?A:\-7H!8Z);-9L&
M,NE5./CL"@V84#WZTC5^..!UND&M)5'"A*8N/Q6K>6NM&)^EX_ &$N^O$QQ;
MVM?G\T1[\\GE.OBXJVKF[)1@"H-Y#5'^9$;A^9VX2V[PK@>9735Y%JX1>'TX
M*T=.Q>0%FE0*LL#$>=1J^];9Z[^__/GDR0\3NG3H28FAA5#X@HS:#V;%S\OP
MOK54:KF.':W<B1YM:W?0*S&<'>H;]]T*4Z'Z#!^_;);5/#BODD%=TO\,CS<'
M@P["2J3I<=FTVS4(^N"4.2I,]R5M&AY.)&P_L2?-01W@B 1B[C;<=4A;B,AX
MRE%B8*UDB?VB B@PN$38A.G-Q 8GV-)E X/L(U#*O?EXE'.'LJB955<+DZY^
MHO(C?2_%1/A,Q-(Q]EU=@_ AP;Z7\K)EGFQ\?YH@Q1BSK]+S%G%/.UK# DN"
M]2!?H*0+ 9B-+77%=]+G[8AWP16D7MADV6@_(#>*T#WT?I"%M5W>WQ7=</R#
M7 7::'LIM,LX!0OK;&$L=9QB7B).H<_++IS)<Z4GJ[K(M4,WX/TK WFHD_8Q
M93-\W/C-'=RF!B3MN%-'K,G6),+.>4>3M[F4G GE2WNTY11<"6&NLK]OF'P7
M=I+J$,A(HFIPVS?#<.;:;? HI1S=FS9*O$L9B&<&N;QF7I6^0#-E4FFU\/3N
M[YZ?6:JODX35//(WQ[8AIHVDKIK&T5\A^*#U5N$([B.[!@>Z8[^D-^$U6DH8
M,3?2Y=B6$%?<)Y#-).GGSXI=F.W)RPZZ8U--)B.E2FDSU9;R.TAO&J[HIGEF
MMCSAA,*Y[*6E]:G[MRTV&EL /K2X5%JJ&'T@^]&#1EC&<NIVIW*>\'VTJJA3
MJ^7:2T0%T;^EV5R7^T4Y#Q])4\3"T'4B65;.\5F?D[YPQ:?)_N'WL3(Y!_'7
M>*T<Q19=25,X"G6]0[-1%O)![0#+Y"HD_I,;)K9&7["UPV?O/=E\]O=!A/TH
M_-KO8O%28+=L-X8?>IH9_36WYO)KLO,BXR^L)#.B51MM"PUN2,.CI?RKX"KI
MA=U0Z$%NO&M IF9E'ZLCQ28T*'JU9X"(?7/BD9Y%K$1.TULZ&R)->U4>U=)2
M+*Z1"\4"-Z4.J%RA=6#9-8MF&;P2TD##D3E&.>Q!MN[_<=DZH)!*!1S9)1!K
M<X0M@&GW=B$QU&B YE8VGUF+H<U=DN/L[;\G#QOPEC>@VTJ<*&NKJV*VBY?4
MO-@4ZL.Y/[OOB1O-&Y$@GB6 $LMPQRPGW:XC2K>'/?BP!T?WH&-Y2!DJ"!*A
M&53A40F^<-TMN+""K:DYJ+CQ2*:FF\M#[KAN[,/FN^W-Q_L&8;$J$,.Q=M@0
M=3-G826:%3-OA2#Q*^4!*JX[)AI#:#Z$*^4K9+X'2D( IK=QIG4HNE SDDCP
M*6FN8FIE!@I7^PD]3@N"\V>/WNUM!'HO$["^53*]CRZ\708J94SP!<-EKZJ&
M9H[SQ[GHBDD I/ \(^I2+ZD0*WN6%R^#![5Q[!XCX4=,&=^D7#/=P\IN3!SW
MLRG_Z0-HY0&T<A= *Y];=\5?#999U I\,:#:/)#B@>.BGC;L^NZ<K @[V<2F
M7"T5\<>I5V,R!OC/X>9-_ UWDZ9OZN 4D2J?4KZ8_T[':79IQ>=YL:+0LH??
MAM_5\ETR]Q#*Y8XAWX/ZQUCQ^?=+G>?NE3?HI\*P!>E8&2\R&_K16:VZ2=3'
MHS:FN!5Z[)#)$B=)ZII(ACVU8.*8<H/]F[=GKB1*=XI+>4N32<'%0&+^%&3'
MR/9*$/V]I/U:YB)YRX+)+1FCO"9B44XGDUZ&[%'H1*>IXJFDS^5J-/8AMR?3
MKZ-4T!I18@;S'?ZY+7;[QFD/U'?RK(L^.9?6-L(/+1EM(QH.7(=303;BV@OS
M/9?>FEG8O"QID?2F3"@0D)^ESVT[L$7U,/&"_M]VO*\Z(_]N8G<*_ZM_M'LC
M"96'G8[TEG-P?TG]PK$;H2SH4D.+MEB5./L+\+VRC9%4:K(]P9=W38P2](1B
M7<W#+)EM@TWK7.'"&,8M,2H[1YA6F?Y \&8)A""\VE^V=1E.YE1ZVU%RTK;X
MLV:UJC:;TAH4Z4S\32WIF[()#S'AXG E7;1LGL$P09__F7:&DL!._EI<\W Q
M)>6>?<QKKM_S!V" ]S$_D+2^ <V/_EZD&.&N_2=\LH>C$@(/*NK;19%F5RB9
M3KU+V CI,=OS&MP3(N-I/9>P_4Q\RTN6 I.?HLIWQ.F%ESG=7I :^=//N53$
M-K)=7C!#*7U)C_A+=P[>Q',0YFHJ\UNQYM[?POC\#.MRF/ =U$;E\5I B\%8
M. 7!!5\OF:79+,Q@2M'&(6R<JKT$:V&H^TA$YDU5:NL>3?Y$2E/*AQ)+^\?U
MLASM)D@;4(W+V1U=0 ^JSIW4R^::^WRU417.RKHMA5NCI'68T5YX 5(UM+BZ
MSKQPNB>TK$\?__@R;,S)-X^2I9/,S!GJOCNL_],??R*Z9O$07E_1R2JOY9_>
MQM=_A,<^^?'67(1^OW#O0@87*).:AR.Y1CH>51^&P^#ND%:BNB[;V%G,[F"Y
M<=5PG,LU+CV2$-MVBJLJEH39W%RN!'M5U8Q1Y &=G9[157-18E_B;BBYU+Y)
M:=6]ZS#E;M/ESMO)/VV#]>'NZ@;,MV5]$?Y>&[XK#+4M+PE <T4\K+I*M$=/
M;8RP^R_U]?P^>*>2":E1_"X]LV8%,5?S@B26I'M2@&+8]EMJFI,"/=^.(?HD
MA( TQ2@29^&F+UJW&7(L!+K:*!3.[DB!"L1C1#623B2E1Q['A,H15Q<?QL;^
M(DXM #_*U<2FN8X/G2PJ$*ZSB8^_8!Z"(B)FQ$?#Y!$V4L]?D!^H$#OU<;5A
M^OJ$.$_\[@K_XQ4##78#=G6_PN^U,7%GK$RO7KY\/WS"&RY+V_6GF W_&4"R
MXT?ZM\1IBGUX0S/:*0![W_Z+>S7L85#[UW,Q9..7./--">V.]D"OXV\&0[)F
M?X*7U'ZB37["!-UE [2Z-FQ/X?XILJ!JXP\DZSGR3-8M@\5?5[,M!19L=:8.
M"1#,(",O0^ R<Q??U#J^C4N\$\.5:+>N2D*X5-VJ.WY(J?_+8[KEJ^2^Y<V^
M?LB;/>3-[D+>;&];?.*)?].[1D#'!O#"YM)[#U:Y^YODI-+ "%$JWQ9L83:6
M=#>;VU?<91-,UHWH%A*?6"(HQ,22;*!?6$J'1G'>-L7<G R7GS#GA,D0*0-"
MO2[*G@;#;5J6F1Q%Q#'J;V5^)%C+/].+_!?]/]*RHH[,_L#MT>2UN\.??M^?
M_)C2VER7RROV8T>0E.H: KHE$/?^[?M*D9(T>V?)%+_%%)L#D/M'^_J^*_=%
M>=ZB=>C),[UVWY!0?%$;8N_ L\_+3CS),A$M1;<8;[:\IE?PXF:M<,DG6;]Z
MT1;!Y2"YL%;!:.(Q[O:%X.>[^(MAQG'7V[=]@'YPH:,OUT,O9O<YI-&62W;W
MH*,:D1Q'3& <XBJ\=ME*N\DP 4=1:L-PZGIX+B8KRAEP;+-OY5X3/1)S9&;?
M!G$1 M7@)GQ(#BY<GQ2*N4NR8 ?>U4[GT88IYKL@@47,)9<<@W$ X#1?C/L[
MXHDEP\F17P2A2^M;YR3'DP9%0%>%K5R4_+0=T@E:?-XWC2I>B%VI[K%!?C,A
M.B1RLQBI<>D3@1,?#4=DI/K4VV5YLBH^".?/##P$2;B-O&!X)@>(3Z,Q&S5&
M</+EM4\M;,.52^"C$W9J^/7>"U#$#!7^^IQ+]GW[1#+(JS)-.O7S>D]=7J_W
M&"/HD'AOU[/\Z>W"Q6M5&\F>M_+CK"P9GRLYG*MFN266IN"D=$3;(LE!5A.W
M!BK8#CZ($-@<QK@:P=(\GY<+'&J9*6'CVXWDX'%U\ASDGNM.A/35TFE@!",]
MU -WE(]SP_-$)*D4+=,Z2G=E(MR4^!W?]W>+[O=WIZ_>^G3'R[2%^"W2@30K
MA_*/9X1U46+!X0U6K9"-W^AVT6B1\XT:^<=7I-P @SEJJ1=@GO.S//._;2GV
M97%-Q),SO\G]?&8?%>EFCTBX\KIB.I&_V$HRHM^5H54N:N;CW=ZP0'GV=8-+
M"&X1BA@IATPTVZ#'*N@F7#1MNO?R5\]VX[+-4[WRZ/^*57-F5[(KWCH_FOS,
MW19.D!+WJ9],;$.;4><WH;=D5JR9P2G:\+24!8Q]F*6E764)FTZ_=.4 /E:N
MH06 UXJOES5N#]@*23[9@U8%ZR65'\MV5J&(%;=55ZX+] E(!4K(?:CX%;;E
MMB#Y,M@'T^#-I<&B_T#I(>3;:G$/< 0RBVG:(0;?"1Y.M62LCN[C@WO660)9
M\+@Q*16+S>G.^(NJ#9['<]<&#4M 39IS^W-XF$M]TEA.75Z1_GOD4GF]W9Q3
MU)U>*,J8SLV:L6;RM2=M%O[RI_C3-WWZ]W"C;CFS):E72+F%8Y_Z%30T(L0L
M8L-J?N=F%C$23$B%<^JN'T[\,(I)!9#6FVH58D3QE*&:N*C$N3:F;?N29F_3
M^ 9(=HB?G*^JC7)QTQ/F($9;9+H8IXYD3;@!JII*&=I!M9.&,P7"3;/7SXA/
MV;G[SCP:HNNF'Q/:T[G\",W\CG@(J4EE2B00M7+Z*D8,I-DTK[*>K!^9]V87
ML7<6T+48+;CH=&H>5B&[(YPI;2KRQU ,#51U6,@Q\YNWUZM%W<D+1JU@PB)O
MJ_TU+(02QSJRVC;2X*+5032--M[+D!E$[9P=AG8 (8AW $6^1*<LP8+4SZ;]
MDU+/\R;(V6D&=B8XPJBWIZ:/=G),%$^M"VTH"RFMO?[/O6:ML$&6DR:]@+3B
MR(:PK+LMMVTY(*CP5[-DN@>3.!R&OI,F G9:]6.'S2&N^Z>-Z#3HS2,FTG\3
M5DCW,]K,N)40Q=.85^;4M?BRU\6.IO6J07"0\I*&X*!*^>&,8W Z(9ZS"X.8
MI'WLB&2\M@E[Y#P<=$[.$Z:VV&)C*HMS0<\PL<#"]-6798+!)3&G?BS#?\2H
MW,=5' KF;2$EZL98@%D_:Z.,,4F.B=9M:HC4ZW#/*\QU[C>[KPX/.S4^??/J
M#>] L2G@)MVY@B,;4H%RIRJ+92T,;C5#1^<6QMG>7#&^:@]2?KY9P0537L\E
M2[/A4SRZ/*NVM+P>PO%^?LJ5^U: ^.:A /%0@+B+!8A3T'Y>M 4%+X1R8<HS
MCL1SC&763YRF4,? -XH#U>9NUQGM':QIXB/$OP[L;[QJD<NC]HZKLN^M$ ')
M"$@8T#/F5[D&?;U>'YXB)8'7 =KQ\YNWZFIG";2ZI)5$8E#.3L8WIF^'('F^
ME/)%"G"2,@&#-R+J4P-+FPH<.I;9P?>5!P(/078QW)B22,*XY6+I?,948XC>
M&!B^#!?=E!] S5O2U8[+T5[?QJ/.%'C""[X%*'_,J6:.Z8><M=/TA;WK8*X0
M?/RT!R<Z[7Z0;O:3!,;0(Y1%I(GA=2YJ)8=55%!'#2QQQRH,C. &6+B6WPGI
M@WD"5S96O5Q6(AU&ZUPZWJZT;G3)R[1H%43+7!0EA0@R!*L]3P$W+R>9Y\U:
M.942+6R^EA/,'365QD;3\J/$ 13%7\E[0MB#*SI]1@$Z.53"BPP-20N0-PS4
M*L5\#^VDU[5E0"Z"RCE_QF4/B%=+TSS,GENV6;ARYB<T<:@C2+RUV%1@/\Y+
MS?(>$=S'GYLLEMN/$M>S EN-/=&!SLB2,XZ"(18:2!V69*O*R9B8:92:=8WG
M4"(%V4B7B-%75.$0+AC@@PL4,8K-B VN^[#&S.R!7E/PC<S3LBS"%%PJ,63D
ML90WH%D@W)XGLD\$#"*_1<91-I_7H>NZ6;L-RQSBL#-8<EIQ/>NRB(A)QI\K
MK^Y.&>]'<FTU4!$9(L=:;3)$:43#V<Q>\*2KR^&68!(]69PXNN*G&S_TYV8)
M]&TU-[KMWX+WZJTT0H9ATE*?&?G).RW-WA_FJY<1*.TV4X@HYDZ'QFE\X&^Q
M7P!Y$"M(@RK<8FK< T.RN0%XG8CKZ9Q[#\2!&$=AR&D[B>4 )49$'$F7JA+.
M'3:>WECZ3^M>;B>LKA/!R=;4O>P)JXR:<U"FENZ*9@$O!CAS8\ 2J;[N,I)F
ME)VVR#9=>9<ZF%Y($JNYII#VLEHCBA;+WU/LQ+'7+ABH)9T$:T0O3;1)S6JU
MK0U+:_"]I,DMZ4;F\I&J7M#^S9GOGB^J23='$=9R8K=8,HDBF9[KVJ$)GCW^
M0T^9*EF2XKA7,<#EY(LH-EF> %+40GHL')8PW;/)*H3LU0GKR22/ZB1%V&OV
M0<UB575=,G'P3.C^X]"Z^_+1Y%^[26Y K"KL5T6/(8T*1JNU-IB#L%)H*7LG
MGVZ?:EX5 ^^2P52TP">\P*44AM;"''H*" HZYJ#GX^@H:0,E#PY;+YQ$5CO8
M1,3TD1NW:>T;=AS$F8X*G?KA-MXGZ8'I*2\FUCWF//[XOQ?X_\+47AL6G$:@
M$I Q*1^;(GU[3@LM&=KA?W_YG!VV3=>;C7HBMJ9'-'R7=E6J=^7Z$7TZD3KY
MZHNR5TA,7MQ)SVAB+IAKV@CLVWQ1?6G3"C#S,#I3DQ&>.PV?#U]0#;NT796.
MJ%H796X]+^MR46W29]#@PG/"@U3=!'8$K1"L'(OMT\90DU$-3IW*"\OB=SF7
M.6K=%$-C] R8I50.BO/AKO,@3V*7;.1XZ,;616[/_3.LW(6,KJM6!-7CJ0N.
M?KMSLX>/7I;,!51WX.<ETCXJ80Y$7$:VOYQ-]WW/J@I)8=Y2?"^!,?U/IZ=O
M'DW>?0*D_"P$$>U%48L8"XE2JY,E,'+X6FE_V>WI[KVTZ[3BW/3IS^_BU2J;
M#C=>NL?\OAJZA41C1UF%LI@+,^>^YPRN$SK!RB!84%R4=W7G)?6T,E1DVQYA
M*@AQ F-@OTX)BS":_6YL@Y*;<V"XMN_<D02=-O1F<UV?_^;^[=1< &PHUL."
M "=]6A0W6^5,N6[":5BB(L*4B2R K4D",F7M)EE@E<(#G!J!CJ@_+?;?AEJL
MH0Q7V*4"(F/Z:5<0UNJ. I(X,]#;ESJO?;K8Q/)'?U7I%.3+(*7TS)G%.0&2
M8D>HZ7[Q4HN5[IT!1V$IN%^8>"ZCNHY23GQ]\@$I:N32I#*\(2?,I2VC/ 6V
M69:*O+<P?B9 1DX.T?I^5KB>/52X'BI<=['"]9+M4[.NZBKRN2#@!H,B9?J[
M<CF%6XQ/6C+ ,D.)21W>]'J6?WWQ^KFY#63A@2C0_L.;JBYJ<H#O+BZ>_ZB.
M])?[C9FR]NFHIL,+P44)8DL/><%XM7!K5<$,GE>"W@!X40SM4E'M%+@Q LS$
M$>O=OV Z7(M"=E$CJ+&8<S/.-J8%6V.QMF1PO(F&E;O#E0J3,*U-KW(D20TH
M<R[*\ &^7G0C;4:6@B\FP,/AM:I.]D1KK2*'-GYP+'M\!MJ(H4QWV?+-WH3F
MZ!7J3I050:1J1:) L8A%@2LO4W!%<;-+/@)^\'6I+B*V-%*W6^:".2^')Z_>
M1<<188>MS<'7@H^JW-5"1].TL6+C^"<,L^Q 5J;F>G YKR-TAIOHB.@[[#:)
MC'FE#20Y+XNE54B0&K$W[G3$W(#A9 F&O-K,I/V[DW3Z/SW09-\!DDX#"R;)
M"@$&*HU5K(R8*C$48)%>VF 7WR4:XH=-=L<V&40*32Z!LG?+8L:QO$\KH#$8
MO&Z&!C2QNQA:/^RTAYTVNM. R4('#F.K@8OM9K$?A- ;JS**JB-1T7";%:-N
MAL@A7+51F"2Z'ZJN'0$=K![$B;2'C?JP4??<NRFL'Y90N^-9G+X?BDZ:-E57
ML9KTAMS..F[RXZM&5'N\J+1#W153ULMR?E&FE9Q4L?[:9]V:5 ;7%1NF]!O0
M6-(J44R<TBG$Z3N^)O5C^/@=.E</Q^JN'2MQ*,3/:)O+ZKS:**K1;5%.T_9P
M7MRO-P[XV4/O?HPHT2WDP-XSQX%DY#0FMCIFK';P<79IFV/8V-,CS]5[#W]+
MP:/&G@C>!T3Y0K^0R>QKWM]%QV#%X#7*_;R51],LO.LE<7F\HTJB4ZE1#<;F
MH_>2Z:0)>(:GBCJ+66V&VHX8Y'S:PA)Q!U-C5AO<L\:9204PLO,M/ZCZ %Q*
MH._@^LBJ.+B%FT!I*+(O*$0@CP:0CAX&L[<EW1Y=XH%I^ZA!FJ3P=<RE.#RR
MQ:0+_]&QO-C.J-P(?<NJXO3*805:#\3]E^R?1Y/G%=S))I8Z1<146UCQSWD(
M/-.<8HK/2Y/KYD.@LJ54IZ-&WQMT7]V:S/6_& _Z2Y+!1=:/_1WI*-:L:":;
M6Z6$%K+2=7E-;3'"$JZ P9>QXDW4PXZN%UB-YEKU:9UIN_+DMLPIS_GBJ#YH
M&WJ/)&'&,[IM$=770O#(<0_S33WY@5.>!^F+-?\+OH%#T[N/4.8O14U\5S((
M, ,\ECU-F0;YB5\O&P(NR2^=O%2@W7,#V@U^$IP'5=V<Z/#.I(6<?O@OQ/8U
M^7L8*MFAT:=$\@3_H.?L9A_YC#Y/[08DE[UMVY.OI4,>'-YV-TE0I:\'C*6Z
M7DP;>M9LZ8N.J(3^+4OY(N/++YVNUZ9I/C@+)$LES#^/;Z^O_OWXI@N3 V5?
MQJJM63+<)>^)WW>>*0;2C25[GMA"JTV7P\DDJ)J+"N0W$R!#1":NO"J8;"7M
MPM,>A$B'I_U'5Z47U]V&JV0G8: :$O9)!A08T&O6(2(<5"QO'*^GQ _FAQJ,
M-\RSP#^]1*5HVBN@A8<LEV*$T04NS@TU8@ Q<\ &9SKQ1A8KO$^PDAUP@6T)
MS(^H.]*7*#+&1A4<VYR[9AH%T"@F+?R8?"*#LM$/%20<3HDEHQB;M\5BXXX*
MX#)/GFDQU9/RGAE@FMUI4D8(?MAF=GD"M/,2O2HR;/R,>7,RLN%>TH%U#3L+
MPT^ '()F/#Y1$P=ADN3!;K'#EB8AK5T&;VX2!PJ[9=]E519UG)=S=6FTQ-83
M6NY!O1P/L*<FD^E+#)*^*QT2 @HI@C#LK/-&:5QX56A(TD G;^B&JFRVZ)*\
MN5GCFK)0V'75$DP-]:B#CQ)K"'=HAR[+\KK8174'J47&+L+#D^#QW(MF#^8/
MF"(F2UQDMH56?E$+!U79L ;,'N[ /['J;4<H@_ [$KE(^BAG\%@NH%,//U;S
MEV160&\PGK1"]55H6W2(26.&*A9D&R0T 4 ..@4<38)C1UL8.#GJB_N)O?KV
M 7OU@+VZH]BKF/C98TXOJ$&VBVRMP;<J-GKNTS/-/3&BPD \CNN-&%-*8(Q^
M5A#24>_> 9,)0ETJ>*3D6%VNC&@FACY"M"KZ;^(/R+_7X*FY8L;BY,+1P.\=
M-_7VN?@3<N!78"L@9%#))"^9*?SB;_I3?PU/^7+R!9$7*S_;EY/KPO1\Y#JQ
MH.QG1RQ*'LG;$M<%A&C0DF7TGG_[^>U9)&'.^32)#,)3D:7@;T3O/XW5(O5G
MG[G4'D1Q"<4(4QO%_D%DA#F2^7S7XW7-SNAT9+3?CVAMF$".L3-&[%B?MRQ[
M%4^$PY8N[ A^5EK:.D=8[<EY(?X%9Z0@6;1S3C9ICE74J2)A9:1GC=6C(3@(
M'B-#RYIK<!6-^S>G73K3UZ"/!%_CK'3KH:,%DK D/2UB$T_;\*?]D#927I*O
M&!XXUZSIHJ&V1SIW&A<A%9IWJLINUE;G8S[5B@B9-J5YE)HD9:O &C7G.\>A
MT<\J>9Z"W"P9<0HP[^.HPP*_J?[7-6@$A*5!-5AU;%AO8@A8Q@0G>=MH!TUD
M#@$?DT\*<C$J2NBB#63C7/HXH9^PT-7Q%60:[WUG?"P>1)S\Y\Z!W9<<Y:_H
MC]GMBQ@.=_8Q_V&(L-H+4M!J-4Q,*EF^4!RYVQ2LT#DK1U$MY_LMO?[[9!5'
M6B1MHI\FN1J:C=BW,L\TK23I^$VS0<8CZ6/Q/*+<UO*K< !1;X_PIW#&Q]'/
M2BGB-R_;:)'L_=Z6PILLG&M+RV101D<F[5!, <2YQ?WO"8*Y1#R"RA'U!5&Z
M2?+*O2T_L5>D :U^<.'@^PJA!CD<S&O>I)88Y-\MY47"^@L%H_0U&II "+3]
M>[F2#1/W -0P=[VK85RYWGC]EOP&T/WKGH1" I2(1!/NLMUS:=:C7^>6,+_.
MBNBG1U+;*UT5VS6XS(-+P-FRET[U0?R4TJZ.N7;SB:,92QSI(.+(.^;Y+4B7
M2(X%S0U.UMC [0 PJ5'#D@3R0WSC>F^7!R$^KI-$J_)Z"Y1(?T/\4]0/_):)
ML,"N?5=L%&/3+P'?[AW*!$.C54A7>U2^Z5A3E02.V\R3J/#1H]L^;X@OFAB<
M\+M-NP^T(WQ0ZF7ILZ:^$1(]:9[Y.QQB[DN.1&<B:5!ZY;2D$DLT/11A.&_5
M'0R[^O=T4:O%Q;9WG73BPXT:,SO8GI=M>"B[GH4Z@#OJ26*,F1FUU>2\Z_IP
MFZ]:EUX;I(B6H-N87W+?Z-TU$:S(._ E@]B',^V2F:7TJ,Q:U<QCBNQ:-,KF
MN9R:.!+=P)/P+ M'W7Y,W4Q2#56W1H]IC_'&OX5$+_2.Q!M+Y-21N1E&FS8^
MMQGY\Y&=DF2LZ3(N*76+OOL0M_/?$];;2"/,M1+PL$$H(L?[(W&HY$XM(QK/
M4.K8RTZ(#3@L4IATV$O_O*-[]CN=$*H9?^+0ECFJ+WPU!A\8A?V8ZZ*IC1#]
MU6&/B:/1C_)<Y$;/#+.^62)ALPJ_8B$>1S]40!\=L0H,4)KL(TLU8G:Z2S6I
M(_JK.I7!_+6;+(SF'3^"E\=ZCKD]NRXI U,0A?GU&+>;/9UW ^6\01Y77#6M
MW;;9MF1S;//E WYEX#R&G>%Z,#8'2"FXV_Z:MBA$)3S@9!X.YRX2LS44G<Z6
M<=>:<M="?DY2_8=8,(;@Z!M1CVAGY0&(F;+R#;G8+-H42DP^K-,CN1+Z\.[#
M$=/O&8,^_6TQ*+T84%_TIFZ"M]SR$];Y'\U.*04NR^4\>^EZ7@'ST*-<28\3
M2*%THX]@/082V*P_M-OU9K9S# G>/:%[)=P46_8A2<GJ?\B&X#^CV;ZK,6SV
MW:$[)/,]/I5]>HD-M4A^_ICXEX-7QW$^$ DKA4BM)1UB7:/2WVC<(@E  ?@W
MELNI"9E,B<AL<U$PNP=Y$D I+C!W2G:AES7VB?#G+)VO-11[BBI/ZIW9]N2.
M3HE$M<K,U)X5EUH[5$[-#ZR\:;9+()D5"ZFK+B&J#7.]=W:FOLM$#D;G3L94
M^/ ]$Y*;F.&A658E5]S%?6+!D':N=&VDB,9Z?)'C.5XSE@AA8L16 ^C^IA0W
M\^@4X*<2P:<U@RK!I0[.%CRA"[(;.N4P+)!"D?_,6Y"IN%7I/F_AJ0KM66X*
M,7U0+7"$S;V)BVLUG5R2^6@S"'7UT-.9\G3[_\HYOI?E\.\>RN$/Y?"[4P[_
M+6[:_0H$;YO.%865!:?)]ODF5 \GN$&S"N/N7]8E\T472[K[.8M@:J7T />\
M0=(8-.^4MC0N?!_,]'/'!DM$@!4<"L2(1;"D;5V&VUT?@)I?,D@J%%<M=>U3
M=LZ()/Y9IIQ2/JL8G(]PRW!ZG5Y^+,.8379E+M>D%"7\&.G^BYIL!Y)PHX&C
M9G[&6+NU4,-02B4&C\I#+C;FNFD25/_JV,OUES3=J%!9DJ),2N=Y9AQ?2"=M
M7?Q?U9Q+",#(Y?C'MIX)#C)X9(MIE#UBW0#2^LD5[!S/SL$1]0H_LH!C!R*<
M&L6=J@I?MBS2JXIL352(63O#6>($@^TZ[&PE[12>S]XQ.")E@2,8A9HDK7I>
M0/V,K!;P"9 _VY#&<6_[H/B=YG2DU%TNV>(-]JX?D=N\MU9D/HT\JX[,_ BK
M3B'DL>Q.48_#X*G(QFZU3F.I7,VPNCRJ(8.'+$9)<O8ZEZ0;*??L&6B26;9G
M:O)X]($QJSM76J_^N7EOG^/\K,_;5IU*,2OW55NLJSDU")EZ0D)Y?%0&6/QX
M(&_Z[O]QN;U<#GG ]?]S0X/^R86Z>&/Y^"^YD680^HDXW4V:%).W3!9#5"C"
M,ZCG0</-7;/%0[?W*,%\V"J_]V MGX#=1SU&E.HK#@(W,U$ED LMGK]NF+NV
M,K+EKGN]N(?OM7:[1/4CF [],4554R2YG%HQ6C+BQ7I=%DNV5&YT&EY"Y(32
M[T(,*CN(63?T4>I/S,*R["9:R/*/*QB01@<;("B'[B*4$^^RJ62NK95&GT^7
M ]!I[G3E'F\;(5\OR)I!?!5>X(7T;K@B4IH<4<41Y[O FU$)6>3D?[?D?W?O
ML_\*N/4Y__N#"GM_()G*V!7#AA*G37@2[TOSSP27XYW'FZ2'F+IPF"&ZG0;3
M&#B?:;-(#(K>-X3(_&\ZV),_;Z?A?TEK:1C\Y*]5^,/V?\(__5^"-DSXR(;_
M12W?DW?!1[Q '-=-OO_AT7??_&$Z>?;H\>/P?YX^^O;K/W 6'/\KSRWOW.!4
M>GH_^NBFJZB8L.1YV.M(*#-G"C>,19_<_5OTZL/D47<>7N4 3+4S1;R8$%#
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M(1.(V(][L^D1R2C1]Z3@:1E\X?DNMST&!IQIX-A\"[N?X^]Q(<K3)S]J\*?
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MTGP<\FG.DD>]Y4>I,_5V>(/]K0P!0?MA\G.Q*:Q1<9K:\(7H,^2JU)^E2#_
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M [,6^?0VEYXJ"(/TD0YMO1>$('_Z^.2%\5%YMCFF0+=5%%K=)X>]L;ON2+W
MRX+,N^BDV=N$MJLXQ3>??88,7ZN5^FR3_I3[YAJ6 O^HHDI4$&B2$?O?SX2W
MG_K[7]^>FP"9W!VXW=VY)TOK"X;<U1VVRPP,D(>=6MP?Q_JS3ED\V:5&$W]'
M7?$[ZHF;OWVCLS9FV> D'][D5LARNYU;3GMZO\X=P14>[V0;=]_Q_%VO=!$'
M@"#<S>9OQ(%)-RN;QU\>O7M$_3$7RRC_P"BT/VHQLP_\H@'=Q"/'>::7($=L
M$F%<8UQC?$]@<L/[88!^1CF;H!.GF5<9I-@+-'+Y_,307YJ<VDM([8\75T>!
M1<ZOBQ$?.-%"4D0+[ONNA[P#%HEJ?JS+4[I8E#IYJ=1UC;9CX1R*-3<T5=-_
M>.1;T4$J<J.'+<86UUX9<D2G+>FC]?!)Z17V\W&= 1RZ(J][18BFF8(5_124
MH<G>K3<ZF](QK^T_'$5?Y]4L!0\:QWZD&(*U&-_/,MPW#V6XAS+<7:1+^F38
M*K3GP5&NM">(HC9,32YH(<4X4?D^&)1@11'?-P=:F<$#*XUPIJ86*5H3Y(YK
M,8W=<U'N)2,)>L2OKX@:9%WL^"=@XB8WE>=-.^8&/2:W7:?[6[6=O"]GEW4P
M.!? =)+OH>2%)I2J#23_RN76:_[ 4O<)K6B+!*^C)->;,.P#'IXX0CPY':8
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M,X3FX=LS992;E3K[6NV@!$Q_8;TWQ/6NB?SG;>_3FP<JK_(2Z+Y+;C%9-H7
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MFPV;1S?W@B[KIY5BQ<L8D?3G#*5_(+]OJ$G[N8V"QH*1*E=:Q^;3NJ@V/80
M\B" YSLTGG&8#D83/EIWPC(X1=_0>2FD"W5NJK04U'.SS/:A"R A[.-KN9]J
MA5&@C/.4S#QSRYD?H>O@]1V23+F1 *0#@)UTJ78.!ASY=KXRE2#GN.4N;IE.
M6LQB"C:WBW;*G<!ER^SV4*2'IN(HOP6N+%U/WF^R 6+Z/US'#1HG.;0:+LH=
M8 W]C1GT.V16""^V(3M<UL*:,3@S433EHA!'L=N4ZS7=F^N(I<(&^ >PN9MS
M<!SJRE-C*-/04A[:,\HJ88XGK[LJ-QN[T,-B 4*-CNWU=A.Q;>$8H0P;Z6^)
M"Z_INI-S"6K=40\^R'+)6BT&IY/!B;')DKO3/2,4G8(3E,Z]7J=?ULJ">ZYG
MT5+S4S"0+NH)P:W4[&_:4P2E^T5ZL851O'WUD_4C#A9.;U&1_!&,2&<@$:\G
M2TPS%0TU\R96^.-ZR, 6S$.\ U!43Y-'J@@IW"MO9S/P:H_?-HP1WI0EZM"T
M='_\F[=[JV2>[-&R_?F,%/) 69!8UW.,]E0X!-[D?2?#)'#XD*M\)\2N"J,6
M$+JO/@133[PF\N?A2 S5Y@!WG'#BGC\=%7Q9\YVW*;YFZ(_<LM,&<V2Y@M$U
MHE*/ENK8>&&>^?969$D_NH.[UH2X919O>EZG7E&S];XSY19U,PG@UPN$:I>L
M0 8UT3+(O[A$0@^KCZO\J#=%I7R[G@N#5<7>4*^6AD!5HCH>-84QM#MTB%=E
M")66DAZ]:,@?%N?)6FS8R.4R?\T&/8^U8K4G[R@U$!95*5!?KA 1AO]ZHW>>
MSE'_YL_X?#]S"LNEMD6' ^W!+\KS%LGQ)U\C.?Y,;["I+G11?Y"F56)J)[ Q
MC2G\VGR9,>Z)YX>6&%VZ 2RQWPD3QHV;=O\S<3.'K\\SD"T^BEC!,Z+Y)OZY
MK[_C6^4OVS!R+@ \^S=QU>Y;<?+;A^+D0W'R+A8G/8N ^G37EPT2N$==(\*&
MXK.&52X*CJ@O&"E-D4X/0DA&6,9BTL&:B-3_T2;2-#%*?PF^TY;O:R19%%=Y
M*6RB=2=*/ R=L+Z5;9< _\YCQ*2CB:@6NKB& -%C$"X1$N2T(SWI_>!^3AMI
M^YT$T6L[Y*?AMBJOBDS'6^9&BK%B&'/[:/+?E?BNP2.9_+6:XH_O&Q+^^6]*
M'T_^#!GKR:OP^?_>_D_XP_^E1V&;C4A>T4Y4T@BA"#PK=F'S3UYV-.RNW^?*
MRR/[]D--C6C2*[''[V.V=MFX\^,OXD[<@/!M]I_FF5WO,CH93Y'1B]I/A3E%
M1Q4Y=+?E+7MM!Q<T,J-A9&-DMA.5XU72]Z-LA2Z:EA9=S=:JU+K>UL!<DP<=
M5OZ:UZI<<LH]%Z<<?UB&1+5[U"R:C(UL<D.XD>&,NZ\29.S4^.[3; 8W8QFJ
M#=L]Z4E-P6\1VV<[\#S,HTY(;/)](6;F7-3,#K_@R!SK(_$"B_A4AO;!9<WG
M0WIC/]BK-E6I-:GD\ \LP/74J,!T%VX6&8YEB9*R%6THGY?*1O733P[;L5R]
MEOHVWR?>^BI25'A2:U"FH+_#@A[_DC+3('7R.?,RHUU>K_ZC6*U_/!4@5.%:
MP!7>LB][$Z&Y(L#FJ5N1!U2)L%Z!?10;'+9S*L0!';X4D_DAQQ1-O\;[%.3A
M)1HAX1 )W,B/X,XIN9U.ZBV0:U0-R.'+AQA6&#:?U1BPYCJGQ;5[8OY6);>,
MI-@'GVW+HL('2\.K  %QZJ#<KC2C(/LA29MH/N(TV.:355,WZR8<LK\6UY3U
M*9<+5.( CP)]?7]OSINUE$:>/G[\;0S3[6\_1.(H_HI<I:\X7['CF&(5WIVS
M(2]3? 2U1C!_V2X$U!1[3]Z99OPK3)@0@/4V\\_-BOCK9AXL2+.52JUA(TM2
MI?\[;QDPX4$1>"5!>HPU'7!I-%UIPE912RS1 + "F:$<LO-P7C(5:24M,:)9
M*YT&?(&<-(L3S:ZY3#Y]7H3O!SL#DI1=DI/K[Z>Y3EM$,?6R;+997OG-8IG&
MW_1B34WIA)C$@O.^$9SAP@P741-W=%EWHH5075Q0;MC'$:,KREF\A;"\K=P6
M2JQ1]F#A*TPK)FDD8]F;EPLJ*$KAEW]7H9]XKU9\Y]%?5*/(JY<YU53_D8:.
M.0%99LS.$Y5?,XNW=\SCXTPI\<61:'D6!1F46U^C.V/^87AKFW!8U\P5NEL7
M=%G;[\H3?4:0_+$8#S"4U6UNNSCH1S[N+,,L! PZ&XZ( ;LW.I3FX=--E#H1
MYSJ]&EL-P680V$S+Y6P=,\'H>=\$1X8G\TVM@B[EQ50Z;5C@S\]YTGM=U9'[
M.6%Q\DTC:>4O\;.R3'J91HF)]/VS6P)'$;2'<*3O9Q?%=P^)RH=$Y;^GW-3+
MC.!I4J81#Z;10%>%9)SP#1O;):D53\HKD8@@&WCG'/=W,9@GRI%JU0DZB5]Q
MUWLO)Y.^6K$'M1E0JUZ4(4)E\$-?#$=B&V%,V6PL8F!0+T"ZK(*1:89,M) S
M:D8;PQ1[U5N.]F/#0T/HC)G(Q,=6"Z_(49?E7,JL8S,ANH4V,9P1%$Q5'AI-
M1*T$2KL0(2</[,IV^,7HM/#CF#76&Q@\)/)PJVX5L^>.P]A]R?\:7$@AS -N
M?J>(-(YQ#'>=YC^Z[9I*>IW5&)-"JM+6N,'=8$AN']%_RD9RZ<72<"Z*1#[O
M2O&'5UNFE((_)5LH/TL]MJ_"5YI/VPTJU$^^^\[4HMZ>J6-,HPK.NWH Y^4L
MQ&X1H4JC>E6TX5^>/G[ZF+*1T5[DWIZ;8);--2.3+:,]:DW,BHA9Z46[8EL.
MM3,A_2W(2,&@=M)0@FJNM&4<7B^-4W47K=8E5'L3'IQPK0,DA.D0&$/2Y9'P
M(\R;V=:XGA04T%E_$C#R-JSH6LDL9R*OGXM-$>,:BKQTU&_"=^#5^XKVF[;9
MR,329W58L'ACXS]RVEEX69^(#G@)6?X1W%=D3L^;.5<GR!9Z(6_\ P-$B:F2
MWDDZ%=;Z%MYT0>UW?NS _%XP%UHV?US4'KA.]\'NT>372U(N,$+$7L,$)6K;
M?A<'>BL2'6:D!I -VI4JE. R"<H*J#[V J]_X'A]QC,UT,Q#$L,A(8V86R2@
MP>2HFWD:M_*45X^Q49FE&^+#K B OA'7' 4>J_U3,!W98TW$ 6:W&AW)A<!L
M#%EF=SB0-<6,FUZH^L'H9QR<8$8%C:^=A/<'Y$?L>"/EU,TAKAO7@;2Y[&%Q
MDF 7Y=/PX&97$F=K,_M ,TR+3(K@2Y"A$.F&9A.&]3+ZT(1X4,*"AE=D6^FK
M&]'-8;<'S%")\KB5/6[;\_PE0I&2VM!H58S*9O;N$*BG_$AF&KDK+AX/4_X4
MJ1XK!K?EQ#/1'H?HTS*#9@G2>D-,8N<@5/]YGLQSN@<G__G5^?^Y2QBK=YC;
MES:W;VB+&IG,KZ411HQR'\IFSZZ=U4H'AR "Q],>PBX]B  =>GX?<<KZRYV7
MY4!Z^GLE#)$KU>14#K]10C&R2Q-<;C?SL^$:Q^\.B4UO?GHQ_P1Q)W/LW;14
M0]X53I(JI\M8H3#AT2C]]5#>;KY140<H/ZHH24,W@R9IXRL>@?G]5YJ=?V6"
MX$6\)X1L,=@0UO[I$>X1UT\3S+,9?9&HE'DMDM+[$1>-OQVD5J@@Z]NVYF=6
M 96PBW5D^O%'S^+V3(+.5W0V3[IUF JXM/E)]$E@M<205Z%MW&W)8H= +SBY
M:#SE#N9XS*[+Y2*,Z22XLY3RG$^LJ2F8D L]PVSN:\7/2Q60U[!2ML..*!P8
MPF5M891S#G[O!<?<7;$4=(++X3?UMI.3CW@0):]I9(1W)PIT<;0)/E:K[<I(
MS%&BJ>(6XKO*^>N<$J?\.HV<_B\1K3>S:$99]'DG2U<FR>M2V!J=)T.C&]G2
MB5"C>?ZX<^N.S#&(Q$9&FLN#7)!6,CY-/FB)IIPE20-A2LOPV&95S50M2'E)
MW&?U/6$P<;-0.PUM,^C/"8V3KGL-J+GKD1[IQ%L@#LR>?!0!1O:JH ,Q##0O
M8B-I)V7LFMAAM 8BC <&!H=VPF7?W C>O2NC<;DFW:+"F)O1:;4H9;?AQM'K
MKU?$BI_D%H(R2]$-$P_MA_[K"EQSK,N9X50,Y(DL5_*V??0*E2K_U$B'ZG7P
MLZ=&>'8S+YW^E^N"0?9BNX&X 3U]N&2R)2Q)M-S=XTOKN8OSR!8Q+#4X&L4Y
M)3*/IP0\C"ZB/S#&5IP,O9IN/.C;OM348O1]49L]YW;U00PLH$4VBL)AO@YQ
MM,Y=(;:+,,]HZ&$&"I1-]4*,1+"#HX941TD);Z3)O+VZ< V-M-UU9PN SGYQ
MR.U*&9^_8J3*V6_Y,_K)7$IGJL]K1VKBF*Z1.4*^GAB-T]D)P6!P?NFRNZ9+
M=*K3$AZQK4O-.RO'OQ7!B0G475&&%0N;\CRVR&SKBNP<%RI,\W4X"*N*,U&W
M4B[.P[4[YRM5OLLVA7\U<CP!S-*?\;3K3F7Q[!/:O<4C4>Z2;OJI:S/.NU J
MI4)CXV"?!GN*Z>4Q&=WF)":[F8CCIJC#K-F_G^7O[Q_*WP_E[[O8IQ/#,-<&
MC$OYV*@L!N[O.(QZJ6%44D+II8J =!LT5OY9PJX76P$S$QZ=,_C]&&W8PNAC
MMF"-,,/#AJ'P-E\_GLS#>7$Q4])9BQ&S!RP781)6Q5!A,*08IA$!!E=Y+:1<
ME7/4&=V?KIOVPTGDT_O'%D5C^^=P947K'G\%0#>ZB&HN>^O?Y2H&F?4F210$
M;PWQP2Q#M04ST6F$%6LX?)7T0QC*YT2-$80%XTEP>;0O$*3)B%ZNBB.,6T,D
M=U(W&G!X]6Y(X _"Y-C*99UAN#0;]/A>-<LK8-3&VT%Z5[G=X-H&QW78\##Z
MCQ",(N Z8A29<E2DH$H7@Q<\!#SK[88=#L])E$ 9>#.-DDNG'2C:>])GF]8B
M9?BGP8MDWB.V-3,"V+$HQ-2+1;R#HYG$S,/<C-H.*;E2$H1,D ]WYV6YXI@:
M[R>+,)>4Y5A0Q(NNYRY)96EUUW7UT>FK.PN:AV[^<:Q@^7C95F$8,-_?,/7%
MDO"L<;?'%B!D[6^JS9F?.;W#[BJ)V.N4_KL73;4070N!(=^.E*A:[)\UX;/$
M-3>3$ZMTF0:!IT*%I/_DQK2_L_XU1_5426>#,?BKSWC;#UA+0_A]8&X2(ARL
MI =K@8!$[A].Z; [951$CF]L5FF+!((7_<5'$RKF^H<2LH'8*+3N'YP)]]^.
M=^U8(C\=/^EL0)[04FIR?M4=G [V6D0VQRZO8,S8%:VG45H\+(PGW^RAWU+G
M0"TUX=8$DT@<8"E[9V2MYTR$O;4:V3SUOO2D.4IZ2I8))=BT-[=N+L$YU7$5
MVXTCT0NO,\<6SN6KGS2]3;D^J5XY;OV-\>>16T9 \UJ6:4HU8;?VHVL]-KZA
M[ 6ZP<O!!\GVAU65A!ILNVP&O90IP[%MZ[$ F4$C?37WVZ08<TR-Q] 15AU)
M03!+"EL:4E15:<:R"3O5<B\_%?4'Q%J,A'SOS>]@3?*_I=<;B/ABJB+M!R3.
M,P8 HAZI]8&>+JY0$,>OC7*G36DC$K4I_%V*-R[V^DOV+N;>V0DI$]M3]G89
MRE\T(?LFP;=GW-I.^7NI@E1A+2[+^06H7]?QLBJN0A A&B<9;D$Y3S@QSMPG
MEU9RI1%- &&GN",%IH,F%ED:Y3DDBZIC20CD& L2[ O1TH[_^H ;+0XGW+>*
M=).&F)C[PQAX!&._[AMJ@+/CV8E$69978T"C0A#H>1$KH//M^"5Z;&U:C%KR
M1/1>D8(_M*GW@)+ 3PS>>=E0X4]_>U5@H\82XX"H;G_9@-NJ1M '>E?MM3:[
M7B/^ 8='A>(3)W%PTPR]OON"5ONYZH2^VNZUB%[Q<9ZTH'/\AV[+RG^AKWW+
M'7G;-DQF>V'N=M8%NE&L<A<<ZGW<,=@K5@M6'S:^8IQ&>!^4@1]4V1,%P??@
MQ!Y^75A7E)E&V",+Y(D$<R/U'Z/NE*[A</(._^Q?!P7UU%IIH0%Y 2- !S@I
M-]J"VQ(),L"O-!_NN]$O'[?A/N,.NX=EA!\>R@@/982[6$;XA*ZY?W]A[#N!
ME]8*<*1J(( N3=7[\+*'B_2I$I*GW]@CZ8'$KD*9K9_>J0I1YX#B@K-M$Q2_
M 0(VYXK4$;N"KYQL.9O%H6*Q_\B1"74YVAS@DY8?RW:&SO_%=KD4[R<26B>$
M =@T5X +^.>+S^7DYCD;QLEB[O.HR^54F:2-@&=-W/_:C->GD& RD,T>GOJP
MVM)XR+I@Q60F?)Y3(38+;VL4G]\_U9R$I*DC_:K@!T.('+P(<I5Q&CVFXOJR
ME."W/':F09<1MJFR;E!SD-MV=+B%U&SN6),[K\PUVCOI7BIX\<M=(G?B2'.-
MU<&-(=MBXQ6(1O^52!"V:[2R&5QBWW-]MTYLN2&KLJP(PB=@#IMTRIQ0B'JI
M(:,N)URX<$4M-65T:$=83D/:<"?1":N#+;N^R3IN2)\TS*C4.WBFL3P#T$VP
M/G:( 5<RWK?<HO18?I.-ZLF/DYWB5B.=^X$Y<9^DP/?0LEHMA3MY1FZNY!7#
MKUY5[8836"%^4$'N(R<V4X37DF!:SQT?N;LAR0R$W[Y8-N<,WP?FB,Y&I4O
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MP(Q&<.ZYV0N6(5&5S12K!71$QWE^?OZ"50++E68E= 2URFW6\R61YLI.!G>
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M4X6+&=S9B'>2)TW1I6IT)>@>$2@U$Y$XBB@1<D+3 \=0O\$4IO(6$>"0&R
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M5-L#.+GCO,(9CV[.E@MF7FC!LY^[I[U)57;9M+L5X[UO:/9&LW][J30$?AH
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M"<G2D?D& USR0V-76F]GJ80SGCVF1<S^!+@;W-W.V;=ZJY2))Y(@EG9D;3A
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M7^XMM:+5M2CR!$K.0CG3%:5%;ST/AD8L(=O)O-20SU!H%N[WQ!B*ZL87K&\
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MT/H 2>[FPJBFGJQK[8\:OFK\BNR*__BA\$>[O##[RY,?BNC5@?B:0Q_5ZZI
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M<Y9NCJ0,:&K@(]#+]&,5K6SF:LJL[29KJ,.P4F04!GQH"(>P F[<KB>C\\(
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M7_XT(79'Q 8.3=2G63,[O:N9W=7,;B.U^;DZ,Y%I.I$*$S&<'O0;;4C#5VF
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M9<N[M7JW5J]9JSU#QXB\;N+%IJ=V6KW=3P_!=$YW?<MYM_KN5M_AU0<?\2E
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M87 G_^$@$[PWCO&H*S@5><M<BG1K$E!>YID@Y;VC^"2F!_+9#Y3T"1&)8VO
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MU(V+V2Z[LQ0@4&5I"BG(L&;.<F_1:LT@(DG@H'W?2L3+.;8-O5<"RN65AZH
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MB:;JIV/&--S;392P":7EB'H$"=^*M9 @"!*U2>UZ51;+UZGE4_E/RW$=ST/
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M>FJD\WO&QFIB#'>E C7<B%D04[9F-%D7T)AGD[NNC=DM0#_<-%@AC0PY/H*
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M<63RMJD719E/K% LCO"Q]W>O,2:B7<[G_3:9:\D_E@(5GD.XA'4@>H/:GQV
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MI:>%.BY%-^G'Z)E+=-%.O?F=GV#B,8M_E^+0U+6!<Q\='ZL-%6K)4JBDHDM
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MR::$EDF)G7]A-6$&) D]QRCY.J+4*]M">6#"3*-<,8QS$Z!6ZH4Y^4."FIP
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M2G=0=OKT^J5T#J!A\Z8@AP0NU8U&LS9,@7QRZ^'%@$)Y.^,U= WA5>Q"6'I
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MDF4G;/7)W;MW>N\6ST1S*CL:J:,#\DZ#2"+SHC5(H]&A&ZJF,)1F APG-/V
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MV!5(B1U\GL(-2.IW/C;:-YF#L-&+H$U=G<04+Y!C[CF<SRJ_4L3 W'69_JR
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MP$O!*+IMF853P%R!SEDL]'K(;R0,X M!GCD^KF</X@];2+LO<1-;G69SC;%
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MV:'0RL5QR7B4D&\['W)?-(:UD@9;9BHF:,9V)P>&!.BQ7$E47BLKDT4>C=Q
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M+1R5%]90P2_"#F%P:?[ZQ3!)&/R6U,%S5>3!AUE>5&7P2Q+/XQ3FA=PTRV^
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ML3(8,0V$"P(%A,FGP)OPO\PY9<L^UT=6BP3C72)'=)>-;@UH8,A\I@\*!E"
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M/LCHBD\];"=(N?:7/#.<1OLYLWXXNZ,:11+^5@ZR)]"Z6(.V"K>\R$AZP7=
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M F2',U6>2MMS_B<.=(]>!=.R30"U#Z:F$%]7+$H?N5W.M-*O(&XL1G;'P X
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M2]_:NS'2P5M'; -1\R#@^?YT4Q<V_^@GB85YTJD^*@<!!#=.- %H M $H E
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MQS)@7M"^H)9Q=$[:?(XP^,)@:A"',P9\"P9$ */ GWG*U^,+VC4N\3;+B%0
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MPH9\_.WL^V)2<]P;F,/^>-_R[V0P+4))1X]I<9F(QO*)\[,]FIC#J>;G&\)
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MP&VUO$J-"^U805D5 25-U%]7"BK+ DJ*@03R%$;[V>/&PK;BAP>[*O*H\CS
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MR!B6\18@@N<9@6Q"YI/BS--41,QP##5_I9#12A5P9#G#VPI7KW@U1@K.ZR_
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M4-A27_"^Z%H:X:4+ +Q-&H#Z<R)74^\$94\7[SZ_ RGSA@._*>[Y<J3YN4G
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MTB:ZIM@=*78[C4IEZ);5=K(,33Q;H5FUCD><D"G5@"9*390[$&7%5:P%*+#
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M.C\,L-:#6#49Q,M&(C]2/XD?!(^72)&_).UKP[!O8Q<>E#T,?)+%AUV 1FX
M5WIE\;Q8_(VM;'XA:IEC.<G5H0-&6C(Z$L1@BN:B@<S9Y3?THRZAV4ABE)5!
MIU7YJ,7EP2AD@3K/$E*L[9@H?@L444R[@6 L#'$:LVC;O@]C8%T'*&GX::N\
MH/5\57T^T5+^,W#>V$3F=3\3?@=W!&@="R#D9DJ:(18QHUE)-@P5(9%XD-RR
M4'4:-U$:)G,T;&.*:C)B50YG@J%1 3#K"&UN FS-E@?W$OEJD0"L[Q7X0I=
M!3^%< -\-BT#;Y#4Y:%@M$7B1QB&8/?+Y&DIL(.Y#/T!AW7H$R_X<V1SGO*=
M=G"M*O3 G":AWVW:W/KA^?AX96ME)[;B/!_+"Z9PI^F8H?YO:G[\/4?*EK!.
M:X-43A+;?#6<4":AV2?UJX1&^8N8H+Y)7%3^]PM;!3]:V6YWV(BOM!%X)!X/
M.W%W.T%P! &5@++$;_[/=Z??;:*>''2*@5LM/@=H*,6!CMG?8XOJ1@_CK@[5
MM[A7@H,+LF)U,_+@Y)Q:$S\\[&A2N[+M<)<NM[F-[_\210HL^Z_;@/PYFH8<
MDWD'_D64+,#>?6F,$@9TE'?27!TUYK:GRZ:S^[]W,#7105N8VQII?_?^^9?*
MYU?=G5=YH3#( I)XA2[W:VQ?6MR9\&U!TNY.NK8L2O]VE<!^JKH7''K$B,.[
M(J?J/_"=V('[$5FAM"Y\$RZ_,87W+2NYG_.]TG$?<VS8_'.-33?;Q="#FMNN
M,#UJR)+&Y=ZW[;ZAM?X-AS:>C,\&CWH7/.J3\1!BVH5].#X:GPPG8A=V8C@1
MN[$/PXG8E9T83L1N[,-P(G9E)X83L1O[,)R(>\P'W84?]_5F_>0&L[[/LW\G
M>:W-LUCM%(>.T4SN8K)K#]A7B=/T%XH_AQ]-B@0>_*-*KQ1.#5\29N6#SH4=
M)&20D$%"!@D9).3/)2%?"A9YD0@5^\]Y]65 D,%BVNZ,;UUEO>,2?CL=N.5E
M&21CD(Q!,O;V5OPYSQ[<D0DP[/<>[#>;0(*L4H,=-,CX+65\CV'CK]0\3-6@
M]0:)T!+QTR /@SRXA25$NC=(Q" 16B)^('Z?N["7M@TP7SG-=V%1!:^_#WBZ
MP6MB#ZGN]"1L??ZW@/'>C?3O'!+_CLNJANT=MG?8WF%[A^V]O^W=@QC-719(
M;=EV_D:"AIN(V_&P6WNT6V?#;NW1;OW\]XMAO_9UO[Y9+Q_<_!=JGE_"ZL^2
M*'AF1OPM>?MW9A[OA)U(I;S?OA<P;-JP:<.F#9MV;YNV!UXTT=P42CJ-*6I7
M@4UA:^(@]_EO_K<NDC)F3N7]-#370U9:1HGANGN\CNNNE\'DR?C)PZT;FT?[
M;FJ^^>'9Q__S_W\K&G&KHKA[4<@OELZO''J,@Y_S*M#XMEX'9P]U9,=5_:VJ
MP!TC<=J[[FSG0W<VWI:A.]OW7[T[6V-17(YX=Q7BI%RDX?7W298F&0A8FD>?
M6,R1?3]S"<M.'W7=S/?3:-HVF(M5E'/GB<8Q:?X5QP^/RG!17XS9.."=ZC<E
M;O\&[F>GD-U3K)#[IO9G-N47*E)$@7AZ3&S*IR/N,Q0'9V='P;1.TP<5O$!W
MPU EM1G#OX=!112*\)#'1R?V"]@&JN/!Q]0SX='#X[7?/.%&1D[_%V;;4]QU
M1SI$9<3<:'HSV8=BO]7+O( 5H(8,TSKC]@O=+SL=?[N$?GW6P>,GX]/C@9O#
M1U%NB:WFX9-A(W9@(^!$#+Q!N[ 1PXG8D8T83L3=;L3F899;7]O;KD?^2J5Z
MJQ7$UDL*[IF18]VY'(1@$(+MS_^OTAMQRO^?R/:_J,I&E-^62XUN4(PJ;N>=
M@6YV3N!O2-*TA?.QQW5IW)=B$)Y!>&XA/.U8XI=HW"TG;C^$J?1;A8\_@81D
MEW=V)+8]MSN#Z8C([A1*)SCUTE>>R>A.9%$H\@[A.\')R=%=&XG#'N_8'C\\
M&K<W^7:ZZ:MNY'M5JK# KN2@BUZH*Y7F"VPRO0\7]+V+Y9[)X/&CDSUR1H?=
M:]P2Y^.S.](@V[X=/M2+17H=1#-L, ^_#B^I<3WIF$N5J2),@S">)UE25IPU
M'B[&C2_&+9KP]Z.TG@S&T9]<!DZ/[DSU?=6-YFZ;F>FVJ:R+.MR_#2$]!2&-
M\QH!*7LJI6=G=^[&#=N[.]M[?-3KPNT8Q/?.E^_WNJR2Z?4J6%U0UI.R"K,J
M 8TW#W_/"Q@EZCQ$K2U44>99IJC8!W%K\/YZ&D9572#2#?Y%DQK!YTD&AJ'_
MFV5>?,*OY1G](2Q+-9_ M]!:7!1Y7#/2#7&%Y2@("P6OJ$IX3:3B8%KD<_A9
M4L!W0Y!B^@K\$+^6Y96/HAMO:_G>PBC*&B[OL@QBM5!97.)T<7 A;WA0Y4%8
M@34<5:.@4!5:SA0>S"ON5O]'#2^;)C!E"PJL9F$5E#->DB*X"M-:HHHH27E&
MJ,9\.E4>DC"?+U25(#HA*,,T+&C-X%1@$ ">M,@1\P?;C%L0X]S@G=4RB6!K
M@FL5%L$D+.$CV2[]8)33X\=/2]S8*4)5LTC1^R<J312\BP:[5"0#/+W@,L]C
ML_T,F<BS<I8L@F52S79D[[B%.TZU4)>UC!$EGX09%_OY+,E"0ICB^A7JCSHI
M<,UR%LDH6> &Z@T-/ZD @95%,JGY6?#%65Z7=%1J% W:0=@8^- L %AX$9Z]
M4D4UG;T%O%M$@ 2@N PS#0\-P?\"A8[:.,TC/+%U1N-(]:FZ2C)ZW"5B63+T
MSD (X+.T1D4-FYBA ,&)53'>#"/:I@>T1_"*)/N]+OB$UAF/D!R\"3AWTZ3B
ML8V##S!LE(N3HZ>O*S4/3L?!/]5U\#HC <')D]2</ U>C(/W2?FI#-[+&V!-
M7N0XDF>X,'AN8/UHH>4GK\(DK6'>\$5:TC"&=<=U;JUM:R6]42*"UFS9Y'K]
M1L-_7J,V_%U%55#3&V"UPA1USYAF>_STINC;+[M*]!WL?(*U!"3I.(8':7@-
M*O/[:?)9Q5W"[R"/=&T$7TZ^^7VWT/N&T4'#@F'WFQV$K/<MB9?CIBG3L#2^
M&@K_NW]\(#W\=IG!Q08JC+-4+1.BN^SC6(;+R*HM*+F7GR,%_P%GH5RH".Z9
MB/0_W* J'M&96 %<3^QY9L5=*'Q*A4<#?\KGC=1-KI='(]Q!W(B^EJ\Q#9Y_
MI29%C9^>G!.>_2&<S.^W<ZB.[_M4R=<P/?K=W^_LN-WX=-$ _-/S7W\Y?_3X
M_.F:(]8"3=W/*3.E1BH$0T6D)];L;705J<]P-Y)= S8/V"M%^10_-Z9SZS!^
M<QIZD*7;R]*B0),(321213/0ZEB)LYSEC@(#G0@J#*SR@@S:+#C[J_Z]U V!
M:P)N$AE1HM*P2@<+=;"<!I<2[8RP3-"B[1/,';TEL( )Y" RQE'"/@"?(S#T
M\R79HL9!.#X[&QV?/QJ='Y\T-?T(#358A8I<OVEP?/ID].CLX>C)^4GP/ 4G
M,+AH7PYPR(\?C<X>GHR.3H[D:\_:3^ZY1.[2A?C3U>D>'PUUND.=[NHZW3FL
MCBZ;.!T_N:=@WWH]]:S+X$PP] *B!H,D#S8(HP@$#.,4;+62YU>GJN1 *2J;
MAB.(W_CP\OD8/%@*H]2DO&S=)GY'5%7SRA"_7,)>I,DD"H9'#TZ#;QJ36\_?
ME=+5*R7N.3Q)WD%?LK$T^%+)D\ =H(!21'XM30\F_.B(9Q;#27.=_6H&!_>2
M%P!LJ")*2I*1,(.A+RJ* RS#H@C!P\]ADO"]0EZ2<V2$;S:,&)C?T9=TL()J
M7^&A6D'/\J6"'XQ,F,Y,36X47EUV*6R0L7.IS-MX<KP6WW#]*SWE[&A\?C(4
M,NU 1=E0VK<C&W$^?GP^;,0.;,1P(G9D(X83L2,;,9R('=F(X43LR$8,)V)'
M-@).Q$K>PV$C[HL083,_[L_0</'K8.&VUY'^#I@O'XW/SO>Z>O.MQ.@Y2/.!
M UC/W" 99L[C+ZKMO/_#=+-J^8!FTY*K;^]\[3BOQ#JK;TOZY8;5X@,7R2 S
M@\S\J67FSOAK]HF"8Y>V]WXIXN]I>W?.BAI<DJV[)-^H@B-$$)^"BWW1<8,D
MW+,D/!LDX<\L"56;I6_'16#G-WRWS:#P\K)0EV&E!C-H/^1]4'EW? (T('JO
MM-X@!8,4#%(P2,'NWXH[;P%=Y4PH.I@_^R#L^ZGR]C@7S54(>Z40!QD99&20
MD4%&ONW[E@VK/9:(1;Z4_@9EO6BO[*.NE:6.HAI;B5A'S0S0++O/D:;L;W_[
M&ZQWO?ABRV[;))DKU_&%Q^OPTO ZO!5>A[_][?L[/7;;7HP[H^83G;I3=.J-
MS/RP:<.F#9LV;-J6-NUL;S9M#R(V_P;[\4W2;>P\'I_!=VYFW1P<'S:MFWTR
MJ.]8N6Q1*&]#H/OD]&@$]OF^A=^&'30[^&CTZ/ALV,.]WL.'XSOOI["]H,2W
MD<ZY%[;RT_'IE[9,V)%(P"LD^?E59;_7,.W_.\OKP6[=!V>C(;5_&W9M#W=M
M(UTCC-M#FY[]W>?A=.Y%+*!_U_8@&/!\%F:7?R"AX+_5?MJ>?V[/X9[4_+"#
MPPX..SCLX)_$,>_;P?WTS7]2R8-?51(\GZFA0_U@^0^[M@^J9MCGO=GGX70.
M?OE][\S_UFD"RN1_ZSH-?LW365C$U6!9[I1O<'=J8-B/?;]^AQT<3M2WYSM_
M\96Y;?OF?_,9W*%)5L[JX/]BI'NPW 9[>]BU;_XZ'O9Y.)U;O\?W9=?VP!N^
M2--@77D9-A -@Q]@P1>#&;E39OU&-\'YDX>C1P.(>8]W< "B[_\>/AR?[_7N
M#4#T38'H#[^19/?*DO1WICW\!Z<]_%"&OC>^QM.A.';8M&'3ADW;B4W;.:>^
M=]/VP*?_(<V+Z^ BFB7J2LU55@6O8%6#-\D<-B"^P_+TDZ$\?7_]D?/1Z<GQ
MZ/ST;*_=DC_W)@XY]WW?P=/CH4#]SQ 7.'DX/OY&X@(_)W7P(_C[6-KV.HO&
M=VA0G-ZU0;'MM?JF'9L=NK&&?=ZQ?3X?G9\\'AV=W'G*8MCI'=OI1QT![SW?
MXVW9-/LO#,?G?>F/OU?A)%7_^.\XN?KB@9^,[99I8F3G$VUCS.'?VO88'Y^K
M^=-%7B95DL-<51HBQD&6GTR3[[S!V;UX$.5I7GRO^9;U$W%'6H^C5X\?*6VR
MG9R-CS2%,^QXILSZ!F%=Y<%1<(3O_3N\6/_OG; VBZP\2-44AFIXG),,Y+?Z
M_L&QWTF6=OGXQ$)8^EK'\O^^46495#.0AN._!ODTR.LBH+9R@>ZN$C 7./RE
M*JLP(U,Q+/&[K]2DJ/$;)^>CX.0(S&*2D_N<-$OW[W59)=/K#=;!BOS?.A;B
MXTP%D[H$NQ86 5Y8X/^'B3'WXX@@-"T*IR"!:>3CX^!9G9#A/,+_A--R%OP(
MG^39Y25^]6585C#5,!X%Q!ZQP'5[D915D435*'BFDM_QD^.CDY.C)Z/@G<H7
MJ2*+ZO'3,GBO%O4D32(<S?,9[,,XZ!OL3\4X</DI<'RO0(2#9Z/@]-'?7XV"
M'\-B@OOZ0Z%4-@J>8)IO'OP$(Y4!?@R3X)_YI^!C6<.L_YDOTSR'+_Z(W_@G
M_,_JEWN%M/CV8Y %LSHPPQ&_.7@.@X"I/W[\.'B67->9O/U='>>XBA]P$K,P
M05F"1SSZTD7I*@["X9T<PYK\.R\^P03K4HWH(6]@KT%X/HV"X[/@_]0P7/M:
M&&7P'&2L"-.-%Z6%J<8W/WYX'OPK"8-8I;C\%;S[79CF9? O!4JE#%[" :M4
M"1(#<C[-BPR^>WYT\OCA"(ZH"G[),.8;?* OX8LNYG!THG"WCYUW[E[E1:#"
M:!8L5%'"P8+_1,6\")(L2NL89I=D,%=8*U#4]1R$$+Z(7/7AI<(9LVKB)D !
M4=('A8)+JX2OE/[GD["$Q\$[X%*9!6[[7#K7;A?5EJZ;J30.)O"?=<=0EPD\
M#[ZU4%$% PK"-/64H]:7K$QO]F)"YX%$7:8JB/"+8U D, ;.R7<^L_D(6#M8
MC*1*8?8P.KBG<%T43H._LNZ1[5$U'CG%'^ S2_>A;]<]!?X'=C4C:PK,AP!4
M5)A=!Q7((ZXU2KB,*<G@+2LG"?L1XM0>P"EY@%.$W4Y*/@ADG)BKGSLN@#2E
MX:)4W^M_Z'N<KNR581N2=HQI]!I\QT\VM>CP7$^*!$[?CRJ]4O@:/(EA5C[H
M/(Z^6736-HLZ3N=W'<TO-M8&Q%,\7F$+?RO3?&^UQD%R"'<"$?RRT 5M>2.%
M0*I)@?@7<]*^+SY83?$"=#Z;#?IKDR+_I K46V$4@>U9D?Z"/X0Q&+-H"(15
M;LZ?FB_2_%JAW.;1IR!?H"T:+(K\L@CG(Q@C#/+1B3_(MWJ0'_0Q+6N2?3@]
MSGCJ!3Q)?08]FI2D1&E.\HJ2U!D,^=%1$(?7GEW'AT\;=VP.P4!P)!K$*&/I
MUZ OW[SYMXXPECIM"8\*GOWKM;T\HWP.>WD][OXZZI\EJ(;T.LB7F6JL-]_#
MA;J$)54%_-6YB7L?]R]:?[!(BD4.^Z""#ZJX2B(8.%WT<#'_FD2?P$R"#\+K
MX/7K$9L!'V$ 8##D196G(5AQ!?@,Y0P>A^(:O"Y36"-X^@_'Q\='[6/D.4^#
MFOHB-77R9U-3-LF[6DO!X5@-&L#3!T(-;S0":\[?ZE]V'<1G-9@_5$^PR?/;
MW^Y\YB]OW@0?W__RX>,(_I:@L0*&$9K5_T[$+,]8MX4EZUJ5J6D2);@6J*62
MTFA94@D3_#A DW6AR&X-J@(V"-0M?1OLZB3$$9 9 KX*?C6Y2N(:C$W0P964
M5-09!0?8"L+AH/:Y !LF5J!;46'/PT]H C9-1!RC&*>@\N.D7.0ENMA\(=QH
M]_3U\AJ4/9IO\'_PG_!0!8*'6L[[NW%B2A75J*S8FBOKR>_:>EW !*]@,&*"
MV>F..U=\F< .3F#AY*(!\SL%5=/X+:\ 6\XEOB,'FXXW8I;,2Y5.<9P7]27L
M MXN3W B2W @Z3FT.793139*]() ="YGZY9(+\HR0?<NRX-Y7BB)<AS]52][
MM\WNKFV&4A.6#\1JQ?&3F;GBQEE_@-Z-W\(YR#_#M!^?@6NL\@)L!+Y8?BC(
M0^##\\]_'S^ :^1LU#A-_/HI')E\B6-/,K1(0C(8X/G&[\&9?(AF*JYAIXY/
M7P33)%6;Z8<Y.KFTA+#H\*@7*E+S"2S)8[(%3GD(X22_4AN]GBV)X],?@M]1
M$& _S5C0^EHW'K)^.E2'-4BLQN@:+ILNH#-K5+@@!]6:5]ICHP'1N-"HA+*\
M"B+TYQ6Z:2#W[:79VVO_=G%VT\VN(VJ[X85H;EA*&W_QO;X+\W N;I,^6VLL
M-[/Q?7:ROA7AN#TY&3_^J[TYW_SR_)_!#R]_?OTR^/'MFQ>O?_[A0_#F]4^O
M/[Y\T?\P/!S'C\>GSG-^?7GQYN./P<OWO[S[N/&3QJM>WW7/OU&7"O4=V-D+
MF/"5*BLZBFO=A#4_['K71_#&LN#760[:%-?\(]XQK,=*556@#F@=7$L"U'GG
MK_#Q>#7R'_^=P+T;_%B/R(]#78BWL91ATC/1L0A0'!(T/<:K%Y=T:./FXQE0
MH#<L4IAV'6:?P@2F6Z^ZBYKB]-4<G]O>#G^_Z+X?VN>";H25PL[WPEH).TBN
M#GMVF6X7\U>]S3AXD_@X[[U?FD/>Y$:)FU?*Z3$]_V2-)\FY)B??%:4J+#!/
M.6OHME-49GZ:[)X;])X\M(E'"0F#B/!$;*+L_]LH6^=,2Q)W)W2U7:H'DT*%
MGQZ$4WCS]V&Z#*]+F>:3)^.3AW^U]ZD,"Q<B.!L_>?+7P/[39N^<T<S#SP^<
M%?,"Y/PK_1'E7/5GK6SB=XVGFOOEY'C\Z)YVI1&6/W42P&$ ?L[T?[[[R\>W
MSSNO,OPW&!)P=E.OL:M\]-T_/I(A@ZD8S&3 16>$-/R'L[]]8NFO:M=RW;ED
MZJN[/UOQ,2<E_@D,*% _EZ ->S*=>#5)FG0*#S@>G3T\&YT\Z0\@+D$YFWN>
M?4RX(>!;$O,V?IN7Y!G9[ :E7=%7^YR .E6@(A^=C1\V<[8=+DVO$_,V4^+P
ME.W!@/J''9G /3,*?AY?C#D#!?XS[I1<COC>BQ<?=)1R'/R<\R/Q#^Y0^NP>
M;U$V6([>O#-=.%E-2A.^8.]/NCV+TAEMSY-APFGR"9<5?%IP;^>8^4E!4.")
MY#A6WAL:@]5S;N9-.MX$U[^B5 CJ_7!)D=@I)4+"HL!;@.XGND/F(1IG%6:$
MZDFI_JCQ+W&(:4-X>IU6^()0NR/P%-CBJLA3/1QM+MU->O#FI^EMQY+@?"FT
M0I$,G>;I.# F5=:6FS'=K++NO;^'%ZW.@Y$5G2IW$_L$M?FP[@Q8QZA6S()'
M4^67BN(W*-J9)/WHT(*W"P>]P@>ZX1IK0,!?Q*J@1TE:K_MM 654;>Z-EA[?
MU[U\*W)S.%B53_7BK5I^LFR:+^U;#;CN<17@I5%21/4<E4<$D_H FA*G>7+T
M]'6EYB!?XV?CX *N7+PPX(2_MA:F %)_4O,< RGUG-;_ AWF5#+F99F#7M!?
M/CE^BA8[K"I%B&)5A61WQJJ,BH1S,&Z"](9R2@?O+D!2*R%29(KT.:V2IN^
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M&'"5^]A E/M)FI0S?"L<*V1S-Y7.^!X-<""T$+)-<R,A.AQU-<N+A"MIHK!
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MUB_]"@?T C36,KQ;!HK;)O%^4G#,"A[^!U#Z<.R"BZ) 8-"<D5C)KJJ,!=:
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M[$<H<0KQ#*:S+Q,C=#1(14\8ZT!DVIK;" -C<U J<P%"H-_1((:SO+T4Y^N
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M'B+'];2DS6O#!FYTMQ/J" T5X.?J.'KW2M%NZ*\4:@K*,XM,36KWI&6V:B<
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MWZ Y,NAZ*\1>-_AT,J*YYP-\1RHTD.6C)CXRZ8*:F9X#>J4,6AT;#HC]#L]
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MFE><'-=JO]9V76,SQL$O)?-OR79)S!^;35XQE=1<;QA,*XN21:I&G8X!TWC
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MR3HL70.#Y:!7+#6K=SGJ2$WX*7L<OA>1-=E/K5+PS;IQK_X._PX[[:VHY"C
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MLUT(<V NC9)'=@3;SM-0! O*X>\6WME>^<X/"P_OD,X*K+C7"%*;0#O=)$Q
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MT#>SK"'M.A1S3SM68"D[.XN:=A>*X&@F$G;F.,EL4$]]?8_P@_5S*<$0^8N
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M:&XX"BM$278ZPEY!Y+X#Q!7GN$5.EN6"))652OD'OP!\E8!LP(+CFW,$;X7
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M7S:UAX%45[3^<'Q?N-,KLNSX76!\[=N_LJ#QLBKP%?$YJ9\'8?,@;!Z$S4Z
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M9%+%<HF72Q(O27DJ]3WHWG1DJ2?>'IRUPCO9D\+;GK\O /A12>0E3>4%X:/
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MF^B2+LT_.2R?WK1'QW\*_>;A5#W?&VF/?72A2XMC*CNMLV:]=XU:PSW_=_?
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M):6>H=EHIW8FTEK,1WTDI'KHB(Z?E <SLME8B=9&*RQ"W0X$N9;H>/:A;(?
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M8V0WED7)@*ER[O:3#_HG4>:E7]KG974^$;EN/ZJ6IFB#ZW:+K-J@%DQBC6/
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M[0?!( 2)(\R1X9<081!AUU$!>FF$C9BQ)-"85Q%6;:*_4+;NDBJG"&.__4@
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M/JGL?W[J9D"('/6=9?\[]^N/@!P'M%RIN_PSBOT6P2*_4]2OCU)E_/29ZYM
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M1Y%/5AYNR:)JF""CNA7O+&[8*$@[FC62E0=;\CH;WBU;,P_-:WM5ZHY\-RZ
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M!F9KN*_/O3,U4JH&2TBK]AXV1+<='[Q/=<''=LH$#YBXJI5:JB[J\@7T(\^
M%(_P#E6FU-BT55LSP2#O*""\'Q^XH)>W^KW[JIO>TE+WD.2-_[QO3A80:>EI
MP#I>G]3C[-]Q]/_6S<T__P7_')^B68;J0F8\?4;Z%'QJ*%1P_'^ODO0<TDVX
M1I(^"I032\VGN;-IHW__S_GL'\,E:<VQ'/?G42Z<+2O<3!*)B(F1'KF&.D^K
M8_#FGZJU5??>45_#?P@GD?/S)%O@1J3H'PSSOZG''^%V7.SE0MVESW;LB?><
M^<'SCQ\A87+\S/&0/?W3-8!I "P!^.PG3T7'XCO+GR3Q@[W2J3R3Z=3C&?Q7
M34U=*'+^IU//1M(@_!G0.A MUG_.15_X$< ^9.T0U5DHP0!L3R2IOH4LG^YJ
MU':I2"0I!LFS%*E2"L\+AD+S.*$(!,4IPHCGB!%#@O_A?P5O_9A=NQ#T+Q+W
M<6.)QXVME>141\H6:_5*O5"2VF@G@I5DZ[5VO5+*B1TIU^Z ?ZM2K=.NY[-B
MNYBOU'MMA> )@1&^;C%@_N>33#W.,E7/I^ \4VBB<>+/(96P JV-]3&N& 3#
M*#0#E">583AEQ/ :)^@&.2+H<&/5HZHC=O$*7FZX=:E'B&Q%'&R<!UR$=_F?
MCVP2#P6SI?!#N5Y[8)<UWL+3L%7/Y4C/WC?&VY*RDO:UJ5T8=63Q080C+][N
MR'5B5WPX<+))YNJSK$T*HQT<R3X?.4]7Y!DUEX8XN9[+SD :/SSPHD)!V_WI
MR [Q,!V/IH<)7M=$UF)UK=2NB@I].4]"VMCF7N+7\MXH\R.R+V:ET02,O)AG
ML6OUA(XT(G##( RUV\LN=\H6C+R8I^$,[ =O;\]P<G%8Y3BB;/H<?/O%/.=F
MI4RL)DQ#;D^RE>8H9^[WPXG"*/CSD?5U>;8XE/BYO-\-R(/.'=J-SD1A+T>V
MQKT55;?U@KR7<G(KK8[8+5@1=SG2(?>^D\;9@KQP,AMZKRQK$W^K\)<C<\V^
MXW47.UGJ&9TNES:T_%2=*,+ER%ZK7&5\X["7U6EFBN>MO,]DM\!$O!S*2*I<
M5Q>[IEPV'R9\3\F-\MI$(8B(U?<K0VZ^2D_GBW;.&1>IPL.B-($6PL70K%?,
MU;;;\FC>\UO5$5D9+,I=,)2Z')K1JLTFF^TW\'U69_C<.ILK;9L*05\.S7?;
M<T>4.C.Y0.J>.,\_]*4.@$C$23GK3EDCK &)I_O;_JIBCB1\!(9&')7:WU4K
M.C_-S(V*8ZS4>;ZB+<#0B+/:]!?&ICF1)_)^8+>U/)$6.( \(N*PEJZS<ZM>
MNC1/:YY.M46]8W7 T(C3HCPB*Y5J.1O?;RK#=9[O9C<#$=A<ET-'_*;7KLH9
M J]32GU?(;++47:BD!&G)6C\;,8^]!2I-WN8&(KI5RH+@.B(TRKT^]ITP"Z<
MN?$P9A<]<UYV-TV%C#@M74[7Y@.7:^*DMI#WPV5[8K? 7"-.:_B@"I8@':IX
M/:^P?JV@6(4=ZFE\,73=R?1XJL484F'+=:Q%?3]MKE#SL<M]S1RJ9'ZZJ\][
MY4/;K=</5-5#0R^X2K&N$QF\1*IRFM&E1GTY6HSI)BP3?/'4LKD:\0_SWEY.
ML[7TIK4=4>X(%1JY&"IJO4ZV[)?W>"]KK4B6P]NS&=B!B(,UN_6M.R +)7Q?
M[K=GM%M05$.$J1N7I%W?C@>.LP1\;2\M*GAVDRD7)@H5<5I[L5!T&P3#S@%N
MUSUMR(V<R5:A(DZKU,X?%&%6\J5Z73ET2:#>%*K ?(XXK4.Q2OMKPK7FY&@H
MNB*]WQ?!OE(1IS5N'XQM82#(N#'/:#6BY2S='7AJQ&EMI:S14N1T1]ZWZOL5
M2<YZQ! ,C3B"JM/FS1*Q[4IU?X>G.ZYV*#;!T(@CV UR>YM-IW=S8][")\JB
M4FGR$SCT@@:Z:\'@+=]AY%ZM-"CT%TR& WR XB\%QJ!4&$[-Z<-F;AJKYH@6
M](U6W\*A%Q)#3GOD4# +C&R,O4U-5.=+P05/C:"!]<-6:.4:;F'.+@U\9:W5
MKD@TX= +V58ZT./I9-@8XFQ[MB%46I_6UQ,X]&*N1!VOX:X\;DGMLMT\>+.9
M+O%;./1BKL.N692D@5?%"_E-+\O8BZ*\;"IT%'?Q^\L>-RJ/9)7-+?&M-"C-
MFD"X1A#A<%?3M!*S9/#"J'=H-2:YLE$ 0R.(<-T<DL4!/DG/LT.YZ(SHUCY?
M!D,CB)"P<BZ_Z3;J4I;Q5ON^[G36@&70$42XF!6&]'R=XZ5V32ADU'RO49@#
M\1Y!A+2>YC>=:A&<5J>W\WLC21^V@781081^I[!?6C.Y/E\O1MW&X%#.353P
MU @B%.PQ$$9E@ %R62GY=?:0*<!]C:"!U3K?Q=W66)3*O;VO4I4M+=>:"A-Q
M!!R?[DP?O'1QGB5KLR)[$'M-H+4P$4? L)U,H;)XD.25FIODANERD9EN%29B
M7\V.N:.@9B.E-YN\UMXULU/ !YB(?1TR2Z" 9&:T5"]4LG6C/_((0(1,Q+YJ
M&;'=5 H5$F>5!37O5M,#J0N>&K&O0/ZR71TG*O**KW'^0[-I[9<B''J!6+Y<
M?FC:9:J.KT?YP60H3O%5 3WU @5=M]0EIVV+F2_V"ETKE':YGHR>>D0!\OB=
M3/G TPO,>$M=>L;/XP_G5@ T?D-S'EJ%6F!-'AT7R,Y6U[YS_""PLM$G3VSQ
M,V]Q..;2U^&[QXF%+R0"L^-MV7D,_X-X-;GLS-0]>[X#GCFVG.W1BCG^GH9^
M\9^!XV(+]NF7/H/0AX->?!RJCCS'6OO&E=T'K[M7W^6F"O_]TX (E1Q$# Z"
M_\&^FK":'$2"B.]U$ DB8G(0"2)B<A  $:]F+R0'D2#B>QT$0$1B1WS@0;SS
MEM4O[;@_7C5WL>C7LXA@XLS%MIP/^JP"<:_RAT_>EF/2V>CIVC3'@@O^?W]Q
M?_WF.FG\!TY]:18:]UK&Q!NV)N^X,)<F-3!4-]@FR=8-/?CQ>.4N^(TBL*B-
M3"!SHY#YP%1,:*C<, A(G"0^+L$V?ISO\M\/6NT]G#SYS4_^) 6IWY6"A/ #
MYVZ=#*A$JMV%5/MZ=OAYE8!>MH&X=]A \3[@^"TY.>7OL.1?^1KO<,G?CEE?
M7V+_B5(BM_]OHI,D9!YW:?6G9-ZJ9KZY!98<;'*PGZEY) ?[OCC!G>H7J&1>
ML.2(NGF_IVQ\;O'-]YUN?6G )JOV) 5OF6],WS2\GQ]*R%^\^H]VZ'_Z:EXI
MI_",[=[HD<7/YDN.^CL=]:>71_X61WU51OPE0O5WCNS&O1,UPT^9J,9:ZF_+
M\;P/K+ATVW']KR.U%/F#9)[4^_CH$N&YM8O:VBN$@LHD$4K'>2R:1"C9P::T
MU NSY7R_GU<6,[JYQF>_7>&UX3ICTZ\ XHHHEB2.J@V-SY,27I8W*[+>J60[
M3%-!-V-)DL& ,,!H7(@HE11_$HVE+/Q2TO[/%5I*/"=F\@DQDTIABML%)U]_
MP-O<G*9[#\K28#Z&F%^L>%?AC<E"R-8].9N1JWBK(0CT>@NHFO[K'UK :);$
M!/*2J/^54/4M>(Z^@JJI)U1-*4V":V>(W4B65PU[Y!7$=GTS_.U2J&^C:BNW
M9 C:;@SPA2!FQ\UJ+\OAD%>C@L($QE,,)O#D;9+UM;79VR#/M]99C"-Y3O"B
M;2T.>$\JUY<X7K0>:HV.",B3_^L?BD<U1DGALEWDOV[=^6<^9;WPYY^P]+BI
M@;^*^FSM^:@H8,IW4JX!3E$S+2-E/U?\X9_AAYKJ35-+U]F8NJ&G1ON4$^%
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MGNR6AAV#&TP4FOF5!9,4UTC@<<.FSQOA,:337=?,3/92848,:6*BBE15A/"
MI@^;P",I,W*7/6G>"(^T7G$,J^N7\)67K[;GDEH93YH0'M!F2N"1%%RYSP8X
M;X0'M39=;D/5"=DD.B-O--LW=ZLMA <PMD@28R@&8\C+&\!_W.\F-IGXI\HS
MY_5F'JO0C",2]9,\_?BYN;_TCO^7U)DY72%Y]7KS1EGT^)+I-N3RS/#L74EI
MT2H ./NK'+C;(/%82KNO+I3]M467OJ1:3#087BRZ-!X.=DM[:BLRJUEVT][W
MU0$M0E0 HPEVMQ%83""2FDMW%#/Z<EQ\20V,=^(BWZ!7>LEU+-PL=#OR<C_L
MX#TD+5C4_I"B&4S@+E-^;@87-WP;YK/H.Y[VS,?0MS$8E^S]T.4EUIR9M1ZY
M:4PUQ/=A6QN,8GB,PR/+--]:L9=7XTO2>&QH/KP8!/8?4(F=TM:N:]C:/F7L
MM*EJ3XP4.%PC%?SLI0"U0!L)"RPE8[4V-V!G@7&9 D23<@W/=TW-!R83_/N-
M.DZ^H!WH?3A XFDU!31>'TLA0;< /==MR$/@?](C";=.U O_(-KZTP_.1I9L
MS5K#4\B9WM+Q5*L CG,)O@%^APLU[;6AUY=&L,Q7&5$A75A7A@-;G*]]>DC6
M6QVUEI\H-.I"RF.T@$?VD$N<DM\XI'5ON7VQ0.B%0W2DE 9BO[&?&S4#KXP+
M&7)"-R$P:50.#J<IC.'(Y")($DR[VW3$6 )S+K3[ R5=Z<B+#CMJMKJF+*61
MQ&2AQ!0("B.OF?IX1\KHK47C[BT1,I;XLKOI5GH$F)%L=JF';(;/.1Z\%8PZ
MOA(8R3 8)425 KZ1.. S$_B7,4'3UEQ#]0SPP[MLW\0/EM36CXT1_$<\I0%V
MUM%+(0YR1O#_)TYSSKT"CA;!57"B3PT.^^UF3KI#V25,RZLW1(7F4?(FB_$<
M@7%TE#I]&SB*I?Z<X"\N)N[7XZ^_HNJ%(E.6>FVU<S#(5CYG-"'^8*T/GL=(
MGL3(B$AG L"D/\8=],?X<@ 6<QJ[/.S'[GQ5&=7[327;6#E;"$#88X,1,!88
MKM&516X#@$F/C0\&4CQMUB\'DBZW#DM&XAMRN;NO&K7B++V7D"3CD2;)L S&
M45$.H-\+W;Y$E?&+YF;?;)VF5#_E3XW4R !/LF%2JS-&'^P-U4T\94F(Z-?B
M6_24^OB1S>#*:+]W%_QX.YKW\KMB:72H]_NYKV$S4>5/G/1HTI8+!ZGMU&N'
MJ21*!P^(7]25FQ(8C.:H%_3?FT1#+-7A!$6_0!&0X/RLOO)QLCQ?-(M<K<UM
MYH+5C N*LI/]<M+,IROS?=92LE5G1N;%"401L")IBL0HFL8$)JD9F41%OQ!%
MI%*PU8.3UZ8S*3W0MG;)9:T6]S7.FR@-=I.>Y;AVFYJO%;,Q%WIT9X0W(8J
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M5&_C+Y6IEZ5RM/\Z5D)8M%]VLP/Z?")[1X%0"^(';PX9O,76<E*3M0I,2M^
M@?'P&I+K+"XQ\QB3N7087'"&Y3-7R-LUAZ._\1D>H]:'PG*1(9&C:>Z,P.F$
MX?E'8_:)!_XL$GNVQ/?-^1?1I-_W RT19>BAJP=@>1EZMT\NY$B6][C4ER@,
M'$ND$NBE8(0+L#!7M9 ; <US [_R?&YCU;20?O&2X@!ETQ,5(6H08FQ3=6.$
MSOG0,0'3.P(R"'<@7#!"P7())&"H$FJ&H4,7C6: ;=&/TT&.B;4/_?KZF0H(
MI^&E]+41X6-Y84N>A&]?.2D4R4&N= R\P#W2T)'#OG(6B!;VP49 5 4.KY,0
M>K8!SE'>P9^0KHD6:]C:>@$3633DNKK\X@E8,,3A.6?SC5KUR>$4>H4"BS 0
M\&>4&[S""[4^./D1/!1C!AZH!1(93@X%M5.!/N.]V=^*A50/]-D@B\<+TP),
M-]2"P6$^.9[C=! YC0S##J.3B(^^.709^),TF [T&$U"[-1&#B>DB0-^H#T-
MG88"_06\+508$X6ZLW&N)JR7X6&-U]88$  :&_HYS[E4-!^[(H/ZD<J]DXA?
ML%M0-ID5(#-$:0JE- !EQ(..9=<$XN1HW9S3[84QBMY\*[H)_0:/P?.SB)5Z
M(OU^;.2)I^""X$Y ?#T'(L(?@3U1*P(5]VW3FR -1W_ZVI=L),!E0LL:/ U*
MTR-(C[8W'#3:/W_84P\TY!>OA(4Q&+R% O+,!GLMZGOFB0^"O]@O8R$G)>BU
M6 B<1JN:^>";I:*GU,?G=ODVSYC<I)39XNGI)MW>UF?-*2.^]RHIM,NKZLY<
MK!<!&SH6<_8:QXUZ:ID'M'=IC.-GMKB0+MC9\7HA2.RB/>[V#DRZT6U&V^+'
MO+0G$7<D0\].)CPU[QB>]P%(CQ:BFMJHUOJ)/7W4Y(YQID!LGCWOK1J(YBS
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MW.G<GE^WT!W#>WP7HM!3+"#4(]8+XX5'!M(6;D9LP-:9/DU&UHU <3_>0XE
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M\%SH'PR?'$P,#R8!3#S/)0',50\&A;6>!B7_2.#_\29$N/B?[L'HR1O.+WG
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M(A]UJDN=)8MOX3L%!5(4S!$U,_2% F%)_37UEVWB*NQ_4[I7)A;VO[A<P;K
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MARN2/) -HM+A9ER6L/*&#VP+G0"UQ$+-6GNPHIT*$19^0EP^Q(D$G;SPQ^$
M89ND<@2H9ELM0(4P8 25M%-/ JI_(<9+7A050[2G"*:8]4Z%-3B6;!42V^#@
M%','<$B $[E+!H%'R5;AZPC]#&I@Z%-7+W+?H!U\14Q9'-'.2-G[6!\T$"05
MX& =/]F;QWZ<51_\+BF+?_\7_>/R#!'!P8 [D]&>]X@'PG9N3!CF/U>Y!=GM
MQ\R%W7L?CZWD0BQ/]H77C?_]+__RM[<X(5%7=>/G?S/X__[Q[6M$^#*'KW6&
M<JB/D&\2$@;HTS\%=2FL36>?\?@#%_[//WW$C="?&'==  DJ\A"/_X?:_@CP
M. #F5%B%?"!S+I%"JCRP?I*WW$?X_L=]IIL*$,)/XD1>R##WSJSX7"Q]=KU#
MV>/LO$]>"=3( -G^WZUJ^K3X<CR01YR22#A@IH'('/H3 JYZTDOXUW>ZI[!R
M%Z;'@"5X-SRV'IZ5:ER['15>RFNYRX0RTV4/!^+BKWDCLU6F5IK.0L8D7RO-
MQ*=HPWB4DCWN<.1@F3&Y["@;;=N25"RM-UG#6@U[^")V=Z32R^M39B&(S+0Z
M#KW,GEK3 KOL\8=SKD:3SB#;B-2S0G7U&)&C R9:J:.1!W/:++,IO5:GZ_94
MU9?AIM6-6V7HR\CLC^S,Y+#$I029B;*MM=UYYB+=>;T7.1Q9R6F%I![EV4DT
MMJF.E1=F56'KO>CAR/RB55S-[5Z469?X^F,Q6TV]+J!,Y,'(\*90[BW'V7FV
MFFX^O=@C]7$1AV)@!R,9+KOD2[GG[,1F6OJ\^[Q./SWA!*>#H1&S_=PJ+IJI
MMLSWYMUEOK@:O.(+NX.AA5JH42AQK#3A#"U;F(SLXFM]V&/Y(TL=]B<1;C&O
M9M>QI^9,UJ>/(X@K/0*I=D$?&_UFS6:F4]D>M^4D4YR@!1P!@!#5NK%H-L1,
M0LUX*_><7TV&:[2 (Q#(/)9GX54GW9RD$W;.E@<O]6X<#4T<#JUEXB]11<D-
M)LJ&34OC<(\56_4>QQX.73<KQ7JZ\Z(SZ7J\T)\NS5ANCO#T" 3RQ45JR/6U
MY^SZ46FO(]Q$&EG+'K>%P-[UQGF_O*M:?\ [#Q1QXAMGU?=C-R_7,D<TQ08W
M(E+3%!#-+3#-5)\_\91748^67ZL#J:PRG7JD_!+)Q)]?5W?A592.6!X^"!#K
M5+U-C^)V:5@S]>SF=ZO-6$]KE%.@LNI4N_G_G.M/T-2<>T$"$0@;A3!2--'^
MU2B/G6#H0[*Z]BX311\$';L(:2 2^)-@[B72_"A14$6;6!V.$8%55C0<+81]
M8)C_0RL['Q&24:#F7*_=S."8D,:S^*SF7OAVNRFWI\NQ\MH:<&_%A"QS$24V
M+*:63&BT"#67U7%]%-G)@P]_('XC1RJYI9U";OY4.]]QL?N1&A6DZ?=>5*NL
M"9-QG(D6X[/7JJ@^,8WDCW]C#TPB<9BY#D:;<ZWCVD^:CD#4M[$%A('I8$+:
M\<L!9K[HQ@2?DXA5%(S? \?1!Z@ M\,073109(($Y,+?I&:V@301A%Y.%$).
MEO %<@,MP5C(5 HNC?T?06OQD(5+$&2!:_WMNATF"!8 =D4[>("7X=BLQ*[P
M?#<TN=*'9WV9)G@&%B/MF%?DSI]$%D@^M+;([ 3#CJP+SPOF,[C:P .'AQ)G
M.DP@'F<)L':P&AV#74+XB8""S7D*6_+8YE%5F./4%.Y.G;/ZX$T8$)^M";8$
M5NM7W3M-D<V,EY/4I+3K,@!_\REY(8R95KN5V3PS(5O)J-UV>=B++>]!7LA'
MY84' &)*^T%P:U*CJ#FL BP5RHE, >EA(PM?-AUG!;F 4K +=8P=2CKQ,>SL
MC<;&/+ ,51ZBV6:&+LHR6'L.(%1!F0*.$N^!;N-H%_#A^K^&R$[$3GF!0E8/
MB &H?(D&(I:+#%8T1G%3EVG')XQ)%/V!7'U@SXO3:<>))$(K&R'2&*'C1A.K
MPM*T%<OQ02!B"/F<+LY7'J@D]LL9MA,4(^QO&+O<?4%;RY&,&( %3]'&^X2=
M8A^<YR%;;T.2T!=M[.]QW6*$[F&?Y#LD0@I2M74-S;7V7"?2 U5$,IF:Z6!)
M OU[GI)C*P1^Y*T'W%IXU=ZLB(>;X)LB-ROF[E"T"'B]O_7;2!@?')P1L%MJ
MZ^AT?8/>=N%^:2AC_DDNW35O(D\/<$_770C9A (>,0@^4C2\&H"2NTV$ ":A
M-,<]^66<C@1@[J?;GV!R?#ZNS_)A,Y_MB&(K:Q8VTU3]+I3BP3$FYR89X2 S
M>;O]RS.X@[U\.,#RK:@Q)V?*"9TDKFX<.Z<A@M6D[3X1-4,PW .5WMOU5HFA
M<,B<)&,WC>E<\!D*6@RA5-L@GG+T#1=4OXZG$,'<  K"(<OP6UG1E*D]=:*1
MAUHHI2W8V&92?4ZF"BQBXZNGY8X"&S)E\:=D&TO=D-#Z]W&\3%:\K@[@D#+.
MMGQJ:F=NC-IM2WIFUMHZ7>ZF"QLVGWP/S*V1(<L48N#6:(LU>R3\YB3 ME0L
M.<AE,2A 8%LXH; X,AYS8AW'K6K^VP\X4N<HCV$RGLLYR)WF& )<62*\LVSG
MEI+HJ0-=57&$)&)A(I$[/S\UPE <R9*MRM7!<<:$G9"'?&DEI(U"JUK+,\JP
MR!<'^5YTF;N6\O4!.OWU4$X<G.[YQ[$O.X1#7&>F_-/]P;^R*)K;\9&#LU4D
M3EKW.@ [KP7;TMT'Q'6-G^PXN'UI$\Z8K;,Z3GS5EN&NR_D>2S;^OGS3&/?
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MQ:30)H4IM)J *'S\T-$)_$6)3&IF('YMH"5#Q U"I;&M$8%"QNB&@0L,F=3
MT*?..Z16DX7V-Q/60%T/E+L >%,G60"VB6L"FK8XVA;3AC\H3C%22A8,3<;/
M#!EJD9F4,D5+1(_Z:SQR^SE#AJ0"DT),1Q8AN1\J-NGV<*3;%AX*/G7333C
M]99\:S^S8!_$1%4P366@H$>"N2U,99JRY>XIK4_1N:\QIXG]8P+ \+T^#EER
MZH)3YDB6+9.&2015=19$_@15G.353,;?M72J+Z.=J;)@DE_Q2@#P3B*%AC"
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M\]GDMHEKP*"1Y+#@(PO90.*)O#J5K1'2LA#')// BA$80FC%XO$%$\U10?:
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ML,](6JY;)LXD#BD+UZ,BWT$ZC"5O%_I -2&MWQV.C4]2),XQ'74-8<&2^.<
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MWB##+]B)*H"K]A+*OEI5W;-[Y9R]%MW;4JP.^+>+&\'AN ,5=\X$]ZG[FQ]
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M Z$'@@C+%[S>*%!\$'5]S EXSN--'6X]7-P-8% /&,0G*OQX/[/-S>,&>VN
M]WJUZ>X5/IPAJFOR?@_#E?I0Y4$#7]GC?00$[4(W[E(50C4+H=T,U2^ [?"
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MO;<HZ?N (?9;9Z#F7"\A0CPX9GG-E[16OSGN=^:+5>WQMC4YDP-T4B5F1R)
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MD^-NL='CO-ZM5^ ]R;+G/7G;DPKV)VY>4V\7O@7.OCA59* \%DB\H;:2@>1
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MH,(<(FNB]B&ZNH=TLX,?-F5)!H^07)A229XC[-T]G+X>@FU]\8TN[K ',:K
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MV>(ZO<=TJE5C(99UHY3BVOUJ"X)=IU,-KO>-N-;NUJ9A51H\2M&EE.QO;SP
MK5^D_C'-Q=GM.$>3@M27[5*F<4]*MP]WZ\M#5N][I0E M7_L^&<BC[J!^ U&
M[^+Q&$'"$C=$+J%+_.@"#YZ8A##Q(TPB,/&D2R(PYR7,)ZX9OQ'A,6(+7C_T
MAN>ZE[]>>$N97':7S@F-3<0;!O:#._5=2-GQY95$HMXO46>%5V9^DER=%&@[
M88P?Q1A?A^&.+SLDVO0+_LF9XH>XB< I4;S/3.7/QBN7!?6^;F[XE#Z\:,;7
M\8K+CJDKMF/*J9-Q><Q6>,K$3V3A8UA5'U[OV;,WO6LD_L5KI,*VMUW([$:Q
M@K$!FX%Q964#?[+J*'[C*\93M]!=LUA_V6CI"T,A"R.V_?GDM1<F53$-*PJ9
MK%I02T]WXK3/S9NM04FE\H/&;=O%#R=S6#J?RZ:95\OU?Y:X7*8V()$K\M1R
MA14DL3#*SN[5RI-9?:Q7LO8Z]X6DT _*57.X*"YOA>XS-[_+2-T603=*>0^R
MG,S2Z6R.2&=?A7V)6[CQINC4!7&JZ+*Y/;CT_Q'^XZG-Z)\DVY^SF0$[A<=Y
MPDU-UE1E4!]5L;FI#^1G8D".G[]/N$?2@V0LL:S!S3/DNJ#P>5:VVBYP.D[2
M:9*ATWGF3)A.EY:$BUG(/TED/F<.7Q,9>?OP0-M\<:IF"DUE]C#[_^R]9W/J
MRK8V^OW]%=1^[ZDZ^Y;P40[KW-I50H@,(HGT126440(%!/SZ*PGL:1L<IDT0
MMCZL->>T&Z$>8SP]0G>/QQG;I>AJD)&:JZD4UEMCMJC(I=VXO.AV>]J^8SM$
M( ")4P!T;@J/S$67I="PDF_\J=%SGFQFP'$^&MD!^%0 ML?,RIZ"H<?!^KRV
M*O8VU_.5S5U?IJ71< #:3+=F]VISLC&C#RW>41) 40I P0LU!\D@1/($\YX\
MZBLLB;X.4SMU0[*X(0Q'M7JOU)Y?#TN6BK5Y9%OOLR&/MC *;[#XB#ZTD4]P
M%,>=*('_I*224U5#4O89I:5(@><ZAI0GEWFD_#T?N3>KUS'R5/'H'1KP(Q#6
M,(VD\2FW4JX7(T/^PE!4' 39HLITYPXUF[:*T;XM/0+%(7+L+2DLSRKSK/*J
M/O T5B!F:2R;'68+;GO,L$JAVT&%N]Z^Q4PS)^,)801@LSD.V;HX:(XKO7V_
M>P0!8 P&0/+LY=6,Q9(M1?05W;7D@F$O/7>M)!+[J8%SGEMFP&\^65S]C\$]
M[KAT%K6=$' CBA?7HT7+Q#!L.OQ&6YN_7!&\INA/^OX:89MC7FLT&U%SP-*'
M-OM) TH2(" RSS/S/#.#/O8]7*FS25M6W%V;919@0[?F3)VH7L_3VJL-;WO^
MMFZN=EU-JSL*1$O:OIU_@JN$:Y,X>^'VIAN9;N!ZA;6B&Y*EG(=4\]>&UYEO
M1YMYESLZV.%CW$TYV^&B7)/!XA9OUB")&8Q7U_.RL#OI-!%SO36Y[8PV!&Y)
M+I$#J0 "D! $0/G&9XZAC+G75QCJ+(;H7(PVJFGSH ]!2T_3K^A1Y::Y&?7Z
M,F)6UPT'IX>+H:;W]HP&G\'03TA=/^C.^DX3D;,>2<^85'Y;CONS^K#^Y3(P
MK8ZP0;W2Z+ ,6PRA[28@MF/MP)I Q*L C$-O;(W^7 1DX$I2CIT;]%S]2^Q0
MZPFK6_5V'(8.C=;8'T.6P/8./ L$B@,4@0 0<HII(<M7^NX!'K\X$+\E_G-3
MR*@0?K9M_(1<HZ7X_C\%6I)".[3$I/N@K"R]V!.ES01_:B1UA5PBRX6)(WD4
M_ON^\HEG]EI^9J[QWRTE^4L<)M&V&VMRE_[\S1#J1/3DVQC=WL'5NEE4'70,
MM_C14-8.Y \(A  4B (X>+Q9]N^?"I8L[9;EJ+I@IG%!5)%4H],1.CV/M6=,
M5V^.RVA;C0X4$"B<W'$  0)_%U7WG9#\QJ SCS%SS>>:_SW)Q-<W+H""H^2[
M%^>,C;+(B965$NW5MC<ZRJE@R DLW.U T8H/?:U55N&);91Z"1U(DF)0!(!@
M.$"</,W^<P&2G6I5#JT,Y21_"2VZV&KUA,V$,\?54=WC=[,YM$FAE9P?B/,,
M"((!!#]U#>QH[^,M#JOS,UJ\Q,9K,.Q_\Q5"BVMP;SS/% O*GABP$/]U^2[9
M223Z!=&R7"DM.09N0GA2>.(Z>7S.WFG&:+7]R]*?.$;XS_.)' @.WV9#22SC
MF!*E+^\DOKE<S\"M3KL*Z6IZ>T;GE"A9I$3!T0><R#O6O^5\;T@E\$"\2_6>
MZ^4V>J$>D!PO&=1+CI>,Z@5\@'/ 9%$Q.6"RJ9<<,%GB$/HP0,Z;]']F-<ED
MD_XG$B'LJR1""/* P3^)TZ+B>FD18JJ(7H&-TVKY<F1".;1^+K2^DUS]'#3!
M( R=BQKD#JS@DM1!\$\SC'-Q2EW<,.Z2..7'F<OWF*9R5YL-+&5YD?VHLIDU
M4)R/>RI?0O^^"I%;PX]<!.Y?[U_SC!D[!L2X?E!PU8*GK!4G/$N'H;U99VR>
M9SL/>,@<,WXA^]RGCEX?]X!>'/> GIJ;U!W)M97X\4':-JR5'#A);C(\;X"2
MF!RG#L0_/5 FK%07!C5DR1;]@;=:[D;=H/7ETX'/#Y:<ZGAB64(Q0$C('%25
M,D>#3$6?TWN6,8@""! &$ J^1-N@3 +C)L?(X1Q",/P"0O W(63W0WEN!2T(
M5$0*;A@T7=2=+Y\"_ !"6UA:RQZSIMEQI2[(9:WBC48'0C$8 3 ,!>"39_YR
M".40.B.$7A\Z_!Z$Z$%?9X>8X_%-$^[K&JO/*?W+G;@^@!!4VPJA;@8T+XX@
M&.I'?'%$:#&$\!A">-IX"R;>ZZ^>N;K,AS"I*H[BB59Z,E64;<,Q_,!+-X8?
MSY^>+_K\0:'FKT+T=^+*@WTEMV9?6-?A</$!Y>,JM)0$TO)8;BK,M_:V/?*_
MSJOP <J15@UI8[*.@K U7X8UKQ745MJ>G(\ 2 P'J!-W<'\$"F[F%'\57KX3
M1'X.+P(SJX2SZ=PW%89<B^O!N%S3+X47U^B 3+&I>#RSM'P24P.NSAR8^4@
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M\(7<:=<:M+T&-G3Y5<F@!^,Q;XX@>D^4"@$4B@ (]1[O^)WO4?QN#&4^L<H
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MQ!WLM$%5#_MK=B!24F?5*L\'X,T*$C3/B.+$7MGLRI0ILJ5LZVHUV;5!8("
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MZ%A[:;E;1>DG1P@4^?AHZ8GE8*G7-#Q<]!J@ 4^]TE+%G*"I"7CB[>#$W9$
MBK\7P/Y@;.19W-TZQ:] H69/(G\ISZ;@V.C0]FZQ+5%&%$,!35JV QB. RB)
M_ZA<;BQZL:L+MA<J7-YR:H^%^#P#N[UCZGJN'$K!H[6EP9=H,9;H^X9J*/+;
MF"0[HHKJ)L>!HEQTF0Y==['TRD;BGE" H @ NJ1[^BD6G"=9W_,G7[?@;2U4
MB_..3_!XZ$8MN4^T&_7D+EWB57" 0'  0:&?GF\Q;GJU?*_J0S.+GQI#GMOS
M_/+0\-S.Z+DI?EC?Q_I-:$-519:U-RU]U':XWDKH"63B?V+T8A ,8.COV>0Z
MMTOZY:9];B_U5Z9=GM+]@=ZL@:"X\!FG) M:#]1BTTX<$PH@! P@X,]*=[BE
MDMPV37JH)42#!>M/6O@R RK\=])\I0"#__X1D>1-JAIYTO0]/_5DK*W$5A\K
M&-NW =V1]>YL#I,=?DRIZW"Z"5?E=D^@$E]%  2* #B:;USE&U=9\59_;>"1
M.2$1>3D;L%N'VSE!LRAZ06+@L<?" )!" 1 _O\/*6 @VB(624.7.Q2#/H/(,
MZD;G!%,K[*=&^#9>18&$I*&+[<#J8K2<,6+D8D+:R"?)GA" )$@ )I \>\JS
MIXR<_/N464,"9[O31KO&VS,$:X6.7V[UHL2L8S^$ A2!Q8'6<9O<NTZ<DCXZ
MA4#<_&E%F\>->6)TP_-\*0?9,#'(U#:'>M*=6W)M)?W9V^"=34D/:\.A9RK3
M'1HL2=I4FFG'N,0GD0 9^R7L7?3FYIZG25<_W_=5<P_P.M':C6H.""^W!#U6
M>8UQ4G-/#JC'E@X#%/5>!/8C<J9'3K6?OO-T,W?VRR/1<WNX1WO]L(:_;K9G
M@;(NFCR'MF8C04 7F*PE+Y8>WSO-UY!;?WYV+\L.[]/6OS K=1Z:]&"^&$V7
MZT%UXV_Z4?)BL7,C"0 GSG^NXN99F/___HA0].PEOMMU%,D<("]0[^MZKJKX
M?ORN<22J*/[3;9/7S79/P)2>44,?H[<H6%W)'E:'"+\SH)-VVK&30B  @0@
M@M\KW.=VGH7..9FS\PL4 +]CYZ.!5!^'DN7SJXGE]!NDA)2'O<3.DUP+!8CT
M1,7Y+P/_^C LCT8SG(ME0#"Y?60X6SF?8.XOH'^_E^?ABNIC1X7TCJJ;;L0\
MGE)[=G[M7MIMW3@Q0.* 27;#I)53)B.F#WKQW5O:\#';R8DXJN(:];+5&=*\
MW2YSY4ED3)M!+^'42;9H*!@ X_\H]%35.L? )Y*&' -732F^A $%%75G!#L2
MB[=5!$8JS8ZSB!(,I->&DM9:<>),G4J:C]KO_4_*^_*BF_S7E?GPQW8?[2G]
MR3-*NP>(4NP3#>U?=JG_#"7BLT;ZQX]+V 7!!UQY].<P]@ ^42'&(E&>C*R0
M4-(4P *8?._SSO.?(\1Y8E?\UP?A16KE\6N]@T?RLLO)"U:@PX]2.:5?=;)R
M>+.WV5<S"[9H.-:V8#B2%<I*0EZ\;\SQ+!$OJ,J+\$=3',6+?RRYWM+U$KKR
MQQCIX0W3?TTJ>@LNX'29A\"G96[XQ,4<SW5MR/%76X9M))R_T>&:84+^:P0)
MJ;H<QWQ^+,M$8O'B4TA(8_W"6O2VR6V&M!OE-TBV?"\0^J*C[?EGDW^U#2<A
M#3\PS6I.L>2L(6)G<B.Z5(/BM]XTHQ?+8-%7I'_DT$O(+'S%>;X.OKH[^730
M=QC/X1F!K-R7E[A9\H:F8K@U;>YU^W M^M=_\ ,']6LE)L(Y[YSW1.F'.5=4
MC-L9'4DT%;$Z'$1#AG;@WIGG7-6GR\ZF,YR8\1)5$C:M2G7M]O[U'^2M20,%
M/YPO%"E(9B_%RT^,GF3:<KHX^LFO);T@^H4]E6DA])6'0B4VF,>QIK*-Q]O+
M>'UT@I2:6K'BQR72\R77C>T*>,82_F29JU!,::F?+/.<IG<0%N<-%&]M2'N-
MQ%(4FLJ6>7I73F4/;SK8O^A!41\9[VY>Y032V[;!;3"HR-S(;:_]<RNR/A08
MM=JR'+ZH!U0 <\,FOM$2OKS+6>_9Q?;"_N7I8$SB-L."Q1[?]NOR6M71<XLM
MX@PG(/IMDQ]4JVK562XY.J"3J_UOB&UOS%9"41_:Q23^FXM!/*EM(7:VIG_2
M=L7"BY)"\M9%8U/<UQ/^J:5_"&NM#14Q6X?  :3402U<5]DN?;);TK>8%=,'
MO<L]#*-/E8WTCV(JB4(\[4^&OJ8M5-%YM[%S0Y;EZC5:ZZJM24"_BGR_96*M
MO0;JKE/:R[^;B+_MRHK%.<K!A 889*T:D$F"S 89@QRHK(SNBU"ZWJE\,IA^
MRZ":AA5[Q?@-'G]SDIQ\" _MQFA4W)AC:2,/H>JPUN\D=G;ZA$31?'SJGP4O
MEO^G#&G&S74H&DTBGC&9!5SM,5-:U6YA2 A^WX8TC-R#(44:W=D9#"Z!U<HP
M MM5Q&'8WBT,::+H]=:D6X-X96/WY#4V)5M.;$C(IPT)B-\Z#E:3F+L0BSY9
MK^QDMON5+?GGH<;WPDDG/W_MJ$^O=K?QU(,XS@U>.1K_DPX:@2W*%?$I"H:K
MR.],.%WM0.?V-$Q4A7P'6@OF0!V(C;Z)$)I]V>CR7,)ZX99%L#?D77?'\ K$
M0\S:L^N;\;F%980[>U14I@YH>THK*-EUD?/H=\+28YM>QE/T'PI_DAPCN;3F
MQR;M&TG2G20QGK*T1"G]4/H/T?"2?R0?5\70BFUWN7]?OQ!/Y_ KPTN?$PO/
M6"O/,J4D(=JG?]?@YVV[:R4E HBQF4(OR53323V]411'X6*2K5F6&_G_7)0'
M^?'HU!\NY#<U?9KZ>&#T<70GP5UV17!$#Q\[(SG4;D]]?**0\.O)CG'L 45S
M*LH3UO+L<Y\WE#-RA#Z@9*Z7#.HE?K.<'3R+BLD!DTV]Y(#)J&)RP&13+SE@
MLL0._F&$?%/>Z^L<]OM@I3C[#NAGJ //)I,GZF_LJ]3?"/( $C^)B/:Q>CA5
M1*_ QLFU7+@$^W<.K<M#Z^\MXVT>TG,<(4M<V\\!"@S"T+GX67-+N'-+.!>I
M>VX)]VX)WV-Q/[C%C-TQ>;Q"$+VD^9@K\2><=-]%+6SC>.%L ,C8_,]N\-FZ
M.G/M^Y:@,-]N/9M4H[DYKFQJ]?F.FTS*T5<O^C^^SVERA5,=;N'M< @UBCM0
MF3#V<K;FNY6Q)J07B3$*@"@,($^>B<[-.S?O#\T;$B!RP:T"$&Z:=J]&= ;$
MVJ2LWM7,V][6Y(D8P#660TJ>OU6ZNK7K">G]890 ")($H"1BR<T[-^_;-RGZ
M:_-6B>*R41LA$B@&&W!='V-X/:)C\\;_]1\$ 4@(!F#JC'TS,U"J. CC^<$0
M(WZXX?M)6/;G4,MYH["?!-H?C=#7AWZ@%X=^((&9KNM+N;I8FMNMV;(7:"\$
M%Q<"[/C)/.NI=9X L+N=JC [FJU!L5NGVKI9$;QV)*!I'Q<,@$@(P##B<OXI
MM^L[M6OXA5W'CD@'G:I;X1K@@#!1=-P0E@IV.[MNX\V(A.QJFX7]F@<VC:DA
MU>G8KM'TA#B"Q6D%=)$^>KE=W[5=?_:0YHWLVAY.QF.KB?@@LX9Y"&P4I:BA
MQ78=!UPP L!HG$]@9Z1ZSV81[%%N!<D2#3OI7V[(><ITERG3T7P+__V#([*N
MN$V.F/LGD#U>S>8DL[4X?JN'=%N$)C5MTQ/2#ADP'$=A*("3QYW&SL%FEMO]
M;[#[6T9L[]B]QINS;3AS9J;2FX 39@C;HS(MI%TQ8H]&)A10Q'&DEMM];O?9
MC^C>L?M&924H%DGAH(A3$1>(<G4,1K'=X_NKAUB<>9/'E>%_WW/MK.LI165C
M^"E?Y].M*F6S-#SE? '<CT)OAGO#_I30+;E%^3Z,RXKD)82&%==C$V--7^I4
M#(>U:&]$5"#0GBXHQ_8J4\.(!#R-X6(_AL0Q'/HNIG/3STW_BM';^4Q_/IF-
MB@-X$K"V/('+C5(PYSPZ-OVDN1D(H @!8$1N^KGI9R6 .Y_IEZAR?:CJH,AS
MQ4&9)0=P?3U-5OTXDH/BI!T!P*0!S+D#N8SE+9]J?/OJU%K2!.WIO-H9#VUF
M3#172.GR=J!W<R2HANUV*DI56GRSV0);1;<VPEJ10"1!XKM'@G* Y "YHY[1
M7P;(J#?8*?,1)_"#[G(V8[MC?#K68H"@'QPJR@&2 ^2.&DI_&2#;[L2#JM49
MQ3;'8I\AVA5ATNC% $DV@3$ B?\CD5.D-&_VD;YZ$Z CK7V]*]#K1L"O_RT^
MBHU5(7[4+<]4DPO(=3 Q:ZLB& DI3?#_]S_BLY%K!9)+/M:!6:75HH8XYVSP
MK2; QR.C*34W79TK\G9'6]-=O]2$G9Z0TM6]'#E6A\O0<;TJ6*6;R+HKMB?E
MV>&@^\N157W#"WQ=79B#N;?BT=9V8O3I_9GAER-K&ZT^D=5-9 X6<W[C^D-!
MW/4$5 !?C]Q,S"Z.,WK &U)1*RV:6J#-DUV6HY'("JD.)N6*"ZX@G=[N5@JQ
M&R;9S-%(#%1JX1:M3L#FIL_RQ?E2#^EHG_*_'#F=&DN*G'44LSI5N JUJC31
MNB:03\^\=!.MUUW:RX8O6:X?>B?Z9G'T8,PK&DF BC1%QHV=UVS7+]4WZPT<
M/'F!9\VE(>2AP UK;+_0X3I%AN_WV<ZPT*K3I7JK/JRS@S-V2CMZK2]"^ZEQ
MY9YM/M9Q\0312:)PW_"3-MF'OHC[#FN)BWF.]*M82<=U#J_XS%[>:+$6KJ<.
MU6;F/LAT%1<BVA.]4XTN9"H?2#P=2'Q^V?RYS=0(_ 'ZI<W4,M9#!7Y WV6*
MSQ5Q)450#UBNB"PH(D=$1A01(R+7P_GT\+=$?1^YZ.O-^FH]9CZ"_N7;-YU5
M"$_]FI"O]FN"H0<TVRTG/MS62ANY7Z(G4PZ0VZC[@AU6]C'8'5O[&7OK_'Q5
MW[NFO]<[)U^^[MZ_7R;1O+EI]]NE>UG#[D3?]Z7NKRUD-]T.?G;A\7!NZED=
M_6R&?.LIGCO.RM:U%^1Q5W]YAVUA3F],_]DH.742?M"H]TO+9<TT6JQ1,0(.
M6=N]?5\)"@ A#("2EIWGOWZ?)6.^8&SYBZW[W,<OOF#=[3[JM\C%:,FN;%95
MID6T)RRU?7<)$L!("D I\GR7\&\13<>2CZTKW2-<[B^Q[=GFU%A(DF[X2O+F
MKJ?X%W1)]^Q_?@T<S^5LDO/X?XSN<'&R$IM<Y<GB!JG!O8M,?"JLK96YHDP.
MK#ASLJK6&N/#+7H(@!$$0/&+=).\<XO]109[+O]Q'H/==J?! B^A1=/V2&D
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M;>612GDX62[GW<&:G'RC8&*!C0$OV5FY[XFH=:I#CNQ%>L-E*PN\1N%:C5*
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MW:I_I?+[;^BJERU(4.HID6=+[42/K?)<HL:Q';[-U;AZ]]+%[_^J'<!14?Y
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M,;N[@%O VWR0A,5*3A@6-H4ZU4[-.:PZ*HRSJW0G!RN*?Q,%4]1?A5EE"*3
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M&YDXISO^^-$[Q"2A;%05:(O!+ H( ]=6Q%VR^=Z$ ^L&I2?$SG.8$9@-0+6
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M9U;O,Z;_(K\:NX9:_F0H<!=/2 #SV I#OK("@[JB"^/4RK.[GE <>.Y)<Z;
MT_:>PQ'[G!AQO\>;V-GC,-(+]P3!\HT]%]A;,+=VY^G+L-"^!(PC,$6@VX/\
MTK$E;_81 <U)[-K\[*/:T$R".Q@PQ!%Z^K#2O@/W)MW#EX3V'AP+#3/@JL"$
MWC < );=498>& JLPO'98.6!32?NME7BP.*%PE]*EIJ("M)S]$:I7?'[M6V-
MZY\/?X7^#-PXF!C6^-G6#LWQTGQA!*L"+?*V9\ H$MS,VF>.[YA95E3-#/>;
MC5V3U_W6P@=9\$\D*W 2#%%2#C:QE35P[S0'O$02<B@,A0=;YLG]4V#!29AQ
M>7#W'1>ZMF4\;W,$V^3!V\%?][&X/YE&2>@^.)9I*@9P+*2 \L%#P97@%W>3
M3"BN])0,$0A6,0496?J3*[^#T3[=,!%D%.P;503^"+C2\>S &(=K"A=EAQC-
MEKQY.*_=/D"P;? G87ZL&)H"MZ6@L-#<X'F:#ARR_3?.8<Z4Y;D0K\]P<Z:!
MJS96 FR"7X+37N^A.B3W'MK7RE\]WSH$KBNPEG;' ';BXM^&Y3C_ =. \N]
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M3W$YWT+);C8JR-NE7!:R*\$1RGJQK"T#@))PVYOD,(3B3M.1]Y^-;#K:8[7
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M$PZFKZDYH;'C+37\;Z9Q,'DA)T%4(8M8D)06ME+$/MD++"&-U]4.6(_"3A-
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M&/^B-"1!S"TAYO3G>?)D['5/F)\9-S =?*8RPCN?=^ZN["7,"27&,#&&%XV
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MX"6F\X(^X$PR,1>;F"_VY/S00?YK(40DB+Y2M@H+1V)0[_N!-;FXE"*Z%8+
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MJ9>91G'Q,[F@5FC@FB)V5IS1\]>-CDZWHKCXS5VS[];7>!I-KW.JE]NU-ZS
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M$>/_>51_Q^S["9-X'!EX'ZB$L3J.\X(]8 EE=1PGYH%*#%D<YR6A$H_IQ"2
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MK5EAF2$*$%MAB0%-80A#,0A-TA]@Z\)\IB_Q\1H0YR,P_0XRM>YSXKF4ZR_
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MO6^/[O+,U?O(O_K1@D^?Y_\KP-WP44/>W0O$GNS_>W3>]O\"'MS^E[\^D9A
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MO6=(?)+<6#9AN6G*G6GPU#9X4/BB./J?T@L9P=OMZ193*@C_)HZ]^!NYA??
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M2,)1%J%8#F&8B_0_3J*_'X&CVUUTOX(C,=W9N.ZBUT5U;3;+8(SO3Q6(([#
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M=Q-^?7<.+.]$[^E#QYCI$<MVD-L><H=@;V(B?Z&]^P-5\PH;[]Y-;!LTZ2'
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M?[CP<^$05P WX+!9M:<!Z-UZ?#$SNFQ-M=%,5D7'R3S74JEQ&R()&+QP7P9
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M!F$6[G/E Q>*O,;*7SLB=I65#USH[+MJZP<R@',T_3"]<YS9\N)BFS/.J;J
M)Y1G3$@.V,Q\0\P'E?>^WX#1=O09=&IJ#%VPOJ\5L/PHM-^N K$F+:83%0B,
M,50G2Z_G.7L(YVQB6Q;XZ!$+_GE9X1ZCLR2'+P<Z73.6"TF0YPKO':"2D,X<
M!V;\H0-4!.\O1)Z"#.\_VPC0.6V@\/WNJ50EQO,-E1V-37*<M2Q14_28W05
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MHB+LMW0[>#*6FTQ7IBJR#"ZR1#2:+L+]8*]IDDU'ZY*J"M*RV6[TS78!%XI
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M,C,Q>#(P9C P,2YJ<&?LO'=<D]V6-GS3!*5)[P3I4D6JM(!($P$%$:2*(%5
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M98J"[>BIC)-S$N4MF+I90>%09RLFM*?&5.3;?.=.0K/%"^7Y)>XLF.N"A 2
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MDY+XRJS@"A=_*::/VWT4%?(W/"HO74E1W1?.1<>AD@R0^@.(R&6J./4P^.!
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M<E'.(33WS. N/#TKC;.[&Y7.K6]+DHK-H,\;9IOJR0KBF6V(/#DO:1.A:EQ
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M\(_I3.Y=^S!5"3<1W7NB6]L?>X-!\PFI4\?_Q=,O_P\4 GS"OIVW924"[5&
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MPB#60? .TIX L52X\.2GH+LS$P8&9HA7T)=-*)=/@3]#E,WKT$$P!--65^/
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M\D-4.%^3K4/M0 P.RS?0$H56#I:<>;WIVJ+?VC8]/]C8R)MKU=]F?F%DNTS
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MP?-<L]31H*Q2(>I&?\NWYR(8ODG;F*I@D(-$I6R>6Z2D PMW-K&K^JV'VWH
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MO;S0[[BL<(,X52=C=Y-G:O\$^2H1\I'9/%T@I3\@:4]MC;P"RHAA1?9):L+
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M%E[71S\ -ZQ<L'M'86FO_O8X#K0WY@(_3IMKE6#DJZC?'KBB_@/Y#^2_AVP
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MRYZD._;X=Q67S_#/?A519!BCQV-]A89=JMQ@#M%?#<=8:Y8_>%'>;\UF:?X
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M#\.G*)3V8;*)O@;4.KQ!)HW/J\#/).OR%WSH.4KORM43(2N.6E'-6Q[=[K4
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M!Q0XDLN!X%'8K]H@JZR3F*VC>>'# -E\0=T"0Q-<]:GL0:NT=+G2617'5#+
M8P^QD&-]4O6<,R)TT7<2LATW+F050]NR6L)[LC9.\E04@MNK>_FT99Z:Y>2
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M+C=?T6%;?*7TOD,GT^<V?.+-DV<@-ESO=)RS$V^KL.1K88@/XKP5D2]DT5E
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MA(:/V4@![&Y>2RP.A:-\:!S4^GK\1SM/MZ#FX[2'H8[(1&*)D_6)GZJ<#VE
MTUY!66-P4G-(S(5Z:\&%U;>7)(F'[I0&!9@5#V9<.YJ/25OYI2?C<E5](FZP
MK-?*E$"#67.8XM/YEN#<['Q:UC+M[!C2&>\\T]S0(1;KWJRCQDW+3Y]R?IJV
MNIM<'_VXD'VB/2V< A\906?,@/R+*,U1!B.%%% -?0V,4K56E6BA7&OWCV]O
M!V6^CLF2X9B"DJJ8F7>[@M SR:'2'P'R8FLWF'X2.5*,WHU!P8I4GIO9DT\(
M_Y5>.Q%)%#_;FW 3S1KTDU%;DCYI@'7(1J"O$4T1M:6B_.7+]<84;,T<_J#
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M;O5D@\HM]:B43#JY!U>O3#J*BK5G(RG*](X?9XX%V8>X]-T#/"LPQH!G(,*
M9?\\*S,GN3TM@*!;DKM@AO4>&1,5LX&AZEG]7 (^]%OPI<CAU^M/'S',C6CR
M_-'ME[,W('?;<1["))O6(4FN[4Y6M6VR[6VT->5(?]2&]%+H'8 (R1DC+4(X
M,Q)$_VXQ*\2I>A3<EF&Y%N@ DXBV#6IY%NY%+,?KU^"+#1SCKJODU@9J""T2
M6V##&6%2U[?1LI@["H_*')Y-RA0&E4NRI9 >>V?'?@(-\._RYZS$;O9C:SF,
M$>"PY<D Q Y16P-JGLA,=KZQG<QC#^X4";AB<JUZX]F3%$YP" \V2T9KKB=#
M!=%$,<JR+I*0#(-Y2R1A45=^[;GW!-S>7OO-?0&YGSQ^KPG'UF*>)RS-AA)C
M-&P30VF!B&JW:V;+:97AG]^S8":Y%=/L'9KI\E26S?)<M!RD]WYKD;2>P IZ
MGY=,N]"O3]R77OM "DG1F]C+$TPQ8.;_BOL(5#V]1<XL[''ZJ,SS7,\\N6?^
M]#>#H?K1C/^:^J;]7DJ/(=%TQ;D1.NIZJH ',/-;I[)UA;7\B?OVX$F@MW![
MH:O0CA_O/9BRAY;RM[.=MP%5I>KMI$2KK[D41J9W&/$:>>1FVMR$](%D1++M
M**,R:\M2+1^:O"74%V;TA6#*>YM\5_(GP;9/DL\32.RX F6TF+"(=(C1ZJ..
M_C?W7=B'W=WB*;S2;D"!'2H">REO<;8YR91O 9,#"OVCB8>)5R1GP.KCC*<1
M/+05R]OWXB+%N7XG1C]):]D#^XS+NUV* V/CFYS#GK$?#UE8K8'[QHT+K(:^
MA9-=EN:8;0/A5V6I^"=R8YH^XWW+&'74><E6R/TAAC]Y1D#ZT!>ARWRP$%'*
M+:9:#QVF04$M(K"IEBJ'8C"J?_35]:P))W5QUVS6PRC5#/6,1S[B[U]G\(X]
MYK(NBE'%/99GWG9*,J" DJ%3A\EMQ_UM2!>EHA"V#'#]ZEJ%TE>WSH(_#]"V
MJ!'R:_)X:3J?%\B^Z%V\_@-_V%1P<@(YKGMVG[=9=_ Q'5FZSG<"KWWTX8 $
M1B%W/![II@/F))OV^-/C>DR9S?=#F\FJ<(.]$X\S&A0X$M9\Y^_XR/LHXQ[^
MD.<,L:A=H6Q,_@/M>7C(!UJZ)'/"!<_WA7+R_$6X7?E."(,XSQN0<R\MDDTV
MY]E<RS'%GJ:,1& !M, W[9/]&N%L%!.KET_Z*Z$EZN%PM4\\7/.5>'LAM.=A
M:(^LS=0D&+8G%UJ#7!KV]D4ZT+HW73XD)14B<SB/)B->3?>.>.J;N@(?OV9"
MFPZ'^&BC.2(=L MC=-90P%=7AHP9JGA=SE98^&2;R8\%B<8QN34MV[*: G1J
M*D8>=3XHUJ-79^XL(SQ(L%@L$",R7K2QAAM,AJUH%"Q#/_4)Q9Z'9@Q(0)KU
M<HT^HODQO"P:>\OLSX7;IWUKO/#L3T2BFG$@8VY?P6JHV#$.7J 3-3Z6U56>
M+(;A?F-[9TU\6#C,-;AC2"538I4>Q!K (+*6<,XN]J1M\>7SGN:W!FX2L2G&
M1!05Q<Q'(:ZS<OA?B6;Z& #2+<IH'V!5 _6HH80_"F,0K%R&Z^JMZ^%K^?X&
MM/1;MZ@6G9'UU(X9?S/][I-SEV[4>-PU62')NIDE$(!88*02Z46GU8N!OT,K
M7DS(U#B)Y;%E@G%LTCC';D!XDUND8J2IU!;UK2&\'\V'#@[9%QJ=IE/NZOY^
MI;"Y0Q_/!/9RZV1+ /WPC(:3@M4V9Q(*::"/JVQ<VAE"1;K:.A,VOFKSMOVX
M_</8[./P"5NZ>-08>9!-1]:<BZQ.>5VW38O#"\:'DPS:8V:5_)RZ_1J@0,:C
M852J)7 ;E:J/TFP-J3BHT ^<,FTCY0U],2DY<9]G#Y^1)_(5:-^*,^8&Y-20
M8$L.-:ASP3:+YVE.J'GS!;X%B_G'\S8A!GJ!>3W[+EQ>KR5IU#(4]9Q<QE4>
MSF+]!"1N,J9B^-'!C]'C0S/T^RRO(#$P4NM@7;1T[9+A)U3]IY,/XDV%4OSX
MXCB-G^O"&*$4:.7FK=1HA6V6XW<W(,SMI0#&I697@4/E$F&TE&<+URH5ZV>\
M-_=JOMI?)FI7WN('!=1RXD-^J@')'\)>0GR,4HWGH;_K0F=IFAK>TV9OVV;C
M#=_%Y@0DINY2$=)V S(#=@(9JCY\@&HU14[0^V7G4@JNUPW+<O9,M!V1=_ P
M*[GNUJ%81V'OL@:=8XH_E/93GMPNV$R363T575X-SW,$UWA\7H\:5W+[KB"
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MC!L:R&3N)W.;V:]-TZ+6M_PTN<+(JH-9_A"&*^M=%8=2'&XH OT.]8"LL4+
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M%8DE8XP_X>J<<BP]&R2*V7370@\<L/%A.5!60A?6)/ZXJZW(4>S.&@<4:1O
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M%ID#K#22#6Z)Q;7&\]ZKMYVE5SFX%9S!31U-9PX<ENKIZOW;>^'^7\$<&AT
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M7[I.@;87W:L/!DX4UX;U,'9&Z-Z'R:BOT^R$7@$GTHUYNZ.(S).FV>01D-2
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M\HW-2[F'B5G"I-\K>*<0[3PJN!>8Z,WW8.K'."0XK6UJJXCZ:6YI.H/(EXC
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MI-<HO4<%!*4I" @$ BI-1+#1(2(@)=(% @9"D2I%04 !Z4CO3:G2041ZD9Z
MTB&A&2 D)Z[]OFN?M=:^OKWV=_8^Y[OV=W[DSW.-C&>,.<<<\[[G,^:<X6F8
M.6W^#??H-Z[<[GGYRR6.:_4E'\(^6*PI[.:6)!3K079U?EEK4%6!'U'([73
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M?-6LR>;T.VZQ>WS.:I37RJ"Q!SKX$#A62!WO<]* +JH;(A@F[RF$BK\-;A=
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M!6E$ N)@&!)P3#F'6@DK+?VD'TD"=G0),#*;>3YP<GJ/8@F%U8\]E'4)!1^
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MTT>#(OZD6QW@5TX2K[,%,PK*'"HJZT:*%ZIKHA_5!LE%BF6C[SYX)"80 #
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MD:HY?L]R%UZ7Z ][8Z7_U1_F"QSY1JJY7[3_FUL*8O"])$ XO0MZ0-M( H9
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MD1_7D[7<F2R75L*2I%IBS9(G#RFZ*'7W2;R*?*8B- '9L"#-A%3 9>#U%BW
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M):./N#+0CS<"XZHPQ-=89717$>;$UB9YKO_AXYHP0:>OWZYWL]KAWX6#HWW
M&[\PY(G,W@*FAI/_E"N9EKGP4O%JWZ1(L$M\2<5.J9>-*^NU'?F#CX*I6B2
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M)^0!53P):QV*>5S-A.T0T:PCT/YG;* GLU/=W(U5F^6Z)VU2!IKH'ACR*)R
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M<&=>M;WXP' @902ER1?K(N$IC>#?OI:!+[&L=#I0LD99)^C*MOTA[9<21DD
MX,/%R#*)BXKQQ=8EA9I9Y:Z_8ILK2C;%H\QH^L56GM[IJ#C7VY>>UG.>CV=9
M8?[;!/JG=(";NO9DLU3ME)1"S_C;3^:15B.!.A?;^^&!;"T68GZ9>5%-)0D
M0O89UZT^^JD0,7?=^%=6XG:CC9.J=[_O=%B^D];6C8?-_6^\6N0>,][\N# ?
M11$B2%>5=920-E?(HAH372=YD3Z/X[<S[_?OYL$>#WB)!/IP4'%WDWWLFG0
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M7N?:61AK*+&MN>[DATZRTI43 (9F+!<!4.<_2P#:=GJPP[_C3*:#INH/LPA
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M9;^3YTR]XJ4+:GA*!AX,9?@CSJ 7[HS\J8",R3J4@L+74TNR ,3RUR9* O#
MI1*?%%-_8D, ^BIPMPE E<<) ;A6>QM+00!$PA<@)RPN\/VX6^J1'$1/.4D
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MKO\-%MGR$-;/_D]8?\+Z>[#@_R0LQ*\J7_ WVC\>PG-#41RGK+O4!&#A.Y(
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ML08H/;_,&, ]\1=GH/,_.X,MI<ZLFJSV@$2&S><]&.EVC^N''TI*MF28]:X
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M,YQCT=VMRIQ-]@:1EZ@OBK3.+H\$'^]I5TO<F!T1N69G&Y(?OHF]#"'?AT=
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M#/S0!]L<M%2JXMAD=5I;45CKZQ%B;6Y =KF.6G0^ZBKCLYZ:.)*D/J&O6&A
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MOTZ1;*9M1$^<X7W%.&,"\)Z81+&2C 4/(O8TU7F) 4OS?0*0R]S,W+1[Z$T
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M)9.D6@;)+7WYKIT"\@!C>4T.["H+JMA+_?BQ%=:P+)AY"\"\6 58IPYK8T&
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M-^<S,(6EY,]^_X_(\?!R<"-B(*I.C-&4XM*P/_!FRKF&5@%]_Z#YH?X3.7N
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M'.&NJ?&2U?5V>]5@!90!//( ;9%EL;_8EA[O=%ACWY[]ZL'JQP^A6<20Z2L
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MZ+8Z"V4EG3(G.?U>U//G;VKT('.!L8?C+V1'73;^_.%D,*TB"1[0Q:X@)DC
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M^3A9K])!V0EL>=,;D]IXC@ZC_LS2!+O2]@<9HZL^_!CBM$[9@$-"K5"P5K/
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M+T#DW>Q7Y/VFW]B_R;2>T')/S<,.\<UCM3KML\/FXR6)9APXBY_E(9W_?8,
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M.]=?(QR.'[T=CG67;S4(.,QVK=D,4+T[U9TR:"3A%V"7T@E0I#8!C!2QBT?
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M06;^Y-UE/@*2)W>3CH#W,8%'0&XL30":T P#8$L9SJAGC20KZ-]</=IAHR-
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MDC[J0-L OSV\)K4=J*8TPW>@%G*O_JI<54-0C5(D\[?.W%Z?]D"/M(-SQ_B
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MCX2<9:JS-A!YK^W!Y5!SVE[SVV>N^^H2_06'F1BG5\JM4%;0R69@'1DPM\Y
M9BEZ5I]XLW"EAN+6B> \Y -ZB3"*9N&'XC*@?;93QTEBV%@'^>Q0:;'&6:G\
MXDRSO$ZIA#86\4Y!5>6SW%I HG<7=Q,P2BQL*^,EG2**MDXVLKKZ:P@1%F/]
M]'RE-"W->9V&2A=-;=.%/M:V?W@@/GN!ZT%.6B<ZMI$+H]?(9S=47<;DD@)2
MF22[Y[LKF4<,BJ3<I3._'NX1<*\KQ6? 2RZ8>7)N+)[D)OJX)$1P)4B1C,9*
M?*M6<!<3.>V:X?7RCDC:78I3O+7/3,?OT6BNHE\B:8@Y2=".#G>#RX$-9Z;4
MOW*QNE<ZUABXEW7V4COS"G'?U[WA3)&!AE9GAT ?WU828XY0;GNDU/AAV,%(
M48K:/^92V 4]&GT&K($7946S8B&!"@=+4'/"HZ/WH=$>5?4]RBT6;P?/8"JK
M$/D8.YYK[^4YS],7K3N8M#(N5@=R)F$4BY=J&D\TG-+'>3)HX2"0Y8<V<JO^
M@RBG65V/&$]/0:7;VMEWTNFCDE[D 'UOR'U!?3$*GARN#2='W$E0/UMW9S]H
M+:C:P]*L^IDB<<&^ZX=]E]=DS%E>]?=T>Q>WLR[NF%<KUFHWIK/5ILQ!GN==
M;K^%UK1*PKE]1W^#W*@913FH2P_N4]?7!-N92;&U/DQ1Y'Y^0SV:=M7&8)7R
M"#B0PQ]<L*PFM\['U3C$!1QH:UW<I]_R''>;FXW6H$8J"9P:]>-7-4MDJ,\J
M>E3/GLP0^$/M:VG)$.,\)>0,/4U@9!EQ$P>/5Y#R:8="MK/JCX!RUPRE3(_P
MP]BMYK?MGEZVJ<$S!*& B;5\1FFV4S>\9SN)T'84&RD0=QS%6Z] Z6&1OMUB
MF\*?:CA9U7>FC"2]V*?8315-,#LBY1=H;M#$'*B2],$ G!&+R\P)XD;V:Z3Z
MV,[)'3')LC5KRW5Q\UDD;J"9_HJLHQ5)[,$</FM&Y!"MYH)%QVXA5K$!L0J'
M2OA;0^[;/9Z&1#ZYJ69?J;$'G/2?KP2^RP]'?UJ1U^2#M7=O\MN X;O666U!
M_L\+P"VC4S,E(_G*- ;G%\F]'ZVP42+^V-V=18]'8[JOCH%B0L$58G>K14[A
M*]<9(8)46D-AX4KW/8*6FKRE_@7]LZ=/<U^__I&I5ZOD".!$4A,=*W!&$4$%
MC=&2?MP8Z-N^8NMIUSC!;I2W@JGV&;/KQ7H<M\4Q>->RZZGLFTUH;D,\-'Y_
M6"4QL@+<,PB_7AO3-EG<)JM/7_\"^=/\SE/9SU07OX=>8F+ Z[8S2,'FX''5
M6>NG-[6("SWI:8%Y$^,JAE13%IANKTK.9M6\YN.!:XXU?LSN%4F+6-:18( 3
M;J ?K3JDZ6ZI*ZYCC[4V#\Y;'WOZ"M,C.Z5TU?R)6VT. ^N F\;>;B QOY&Y
M@1%\R 2_K$^&KG $#-Y5Z:GYL3:@</Z=[):'/E=J+QW7YY)@T3ET? @7N-HQ
M41BJJ,Y[P-F^9S.1H>+__OVBT3!]1(KS-4IAW28[7O=YKV\*% O6ZF!3([\&
M#8F>&/->Q6%DK,U*G*%;:O()YX5NM9MGU)M\'T"OPTMEVJ L)%.P!#]+AS"Z
M4T-8+PQ/F9C![;O)^HFTK[>YG[>*>$:79_R1?$XT#.AJ)<JL5;\Q)\F GG-]
M="O^LE>PZOZS-CF;9O#91]Z\F*1DKI_(SK1O.5, D^==)"<1%DZ^L$J&$11W
MGQ6V*Y5KER[5522?=?OM5C'\PN=8/?="-[&[I^2?.E/U80^+JP]FG]R&RR_O
M!L'C=1.&FE1*NIA$$B+ZLBLVFCY+<=]E-]7]NG(25Y= U6G#XDE6!^NQ+6X6
M9AU9KYW[7<O=((6RV1;!2\EZ')K/X88SQ?G;'6XQ8/,<KV>D#8,O%("<=O$G
MGR6.Q0F/*/(>/OS*KVS\HM[J;N=YT3WO4V^B7]9FO\G=TIL [7 RITE2Q'F5
M&_6BH3*^P3=.;OJI'@&,F"X?^Z=M=ZRLN/5IH,]T4Z8X[C(Z 0QS1T!2@^P(
M^>3JVS=&=ISM); VW9:^PH*WIW1#AMY=IN3LOCIP(<M?M_O#;ED@\77)&] 2
M^_K36QW<#[,AWZRX9WY)KMT*7I64G*) ^7(/(NDQ4NQX=$%5ZY00H2T3*:Z9
M3*^3']2:CG\1?E\W$ITL^%SOIX5>B=6SG)F' <O;+_J%B0JFXI@'!>9W["\(
M4;,L:T)54<VP8ENC<:<6E2X?OW=@Z-3*?L&/%UU^ 9*;WU5SYN_)E!NKPN'$
MUO8ZFR8(/9C1.<KC>Q,199[>:JB7O:OKY[]%)Q7_A#&TP?/KM+]H>6E 4R,5
M*8# 7;9M$\7S.NH-R(%;L>PVY&P[YUPPF*DC26R5O': FS(XX4!MO^6&PD&:
M&,KB88S(*]A9SM6-B=?%MIF\GS3DRI<?MN#T>*CM4JL[OCM>"M&E H#[B"R<
M;GP( ]( #'P-HF]6$96CU!R"#Z/W3ID'I[MKD#JLSQESA[?,LS?_S A/M=&D
MI"MCJP9U<4< +QC7S)/4YK;.\QU&-\5_>4**RR!N=5,JSR!&^?%"!-R1KK[!
M;J_\$KKC O(:8:\U*5I9#NS4*A\1;G#99M@=LD>L2>[IUHC943]W.'.1-ZA2
MAK: 4OWI=MGS!CI96$W&.L?)BP=*CSL/Z[NM-PGD/<L1Y,E<*S!V7!*CI8&F
MSM@=".-0#0NM"PWD>D"<+$#DQ! L<4E/R')(3>)&ZCOP!ISH7*DOZ3&X>,@O
ME9RBII+TV].V'%KU\U3P75SCJ&_C>'@G/%.Z>/\JP3QD7P_'/-CVM0)S+T5I
M@SG$]O/ZJHD58J_- AY#AI(DA_PL=8DT9:\-BZU=UQVJW17 R^?O8*>NZ/6N
MY*:&LL?0/C9%=,[!X\D2) 4PYB6BM:W.-P@=O2Y4,70$O)]+7<M$>C^=2_/Y
M.)[?Y8A/R/4MWF0C]Y'5AG?**,&]Z\1S<>['&,)_R&4K;_):G</ZLY<!EC4G
MD[UN74"RIB"6-;] *]U+RQP.#$+Z^]TR^EV#X@-4!+/J$<B7XL%/ NU?WQB=
MK%)BECO)OCV-/)SK"YL]K2:+A\4V2'FR+E%9$!.RR\9->4]>OYWA94EGYR@Y
M[MS<Q]7MA3BH7K<^73VRAI$OT"J;GIQ=]9[HR*B]G?P;+MTK[Y%@SN74%_34
M;@/_V7)HFFA3_NM^KC8B/,P7PK=<:$1D3K M&?>8DMIA\'U.%13:-'<0._DJ
M] )&=,X&@H 8*6GP#2@<,O<D?H\RJM$S2WI+3V/TL:3I@ICS']> .-(5Q!R#
M>$.?"50;$Y69H7J)HD'@F/'SN<KSXYR,SV46C@ $ /EZ$5\2*+/NC>O.DH&
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MCA>C$N-AA])SZ<KB:T2O?VPJ1%EP)TEU!8U^=GWBTZ+T2DIMQ/S4R>Z1X4?
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M@)@)CCH>]9<ME7QJZ.P+*#:=8$*^()P>$&C\WTW$CT%32_O/EUCQP([9)/A
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MUTF%'=T?60E[\"P#'"6L?:LY1\<BXAD"0,7RT7O$\AQ4@ "<*QK>,^1N.G9
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M)#DBMW,8.+&ZI8YMTMC<L[L(Z+286*;/A(FLY-Q6=/&S6/$W<Y3=!U%1A(3
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M.7+^=N^EL].MP1ZBZS4;9JXK22,5LQD6A;.]Q/G31LX@WU]_9EQJ-J-5_&0
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MD,&M",[C40C)K\A_^=5 9$"2W)HTZ*/Z ?FW &/_C:,V)OI*O?]#UOT?>/_
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M;]7D>*AOK?YJ_6CA/KR(V:X^G)VN0I*NL,-4,&<6$J"YH7(.H&N OO#@,$-
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MW*ME?D@6]N/>%FUZIK9COW"GT"V=Q_J#Q1BA^YP6<895T)8\CG3/I1RR]63
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M8,C5!GL)MJAW\<9V/DX R"R=8.U[%2\@)$?!RCM'I'2_3_^HC:-(7F/86YZ
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MJ1K#19]#!.$79T(\O"&,TW"(A5,H[0W P)C( 37ST(]1[E"C*1: Z(.J[EZ
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MSW#0ZW3@%VA)(GKF50.ZJ_Y6954MP01'\':J,TQ>]4FW<B-VL=!.;BPSP^:
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MRM9)@F*024R^L/<Y62"=ZO\QLR ['_M?4$L#!!0    ( )(PF%B,IX6Z= @
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M4BS9XJ@[N/9*L:P77K2.;V.'U[M/_@U02P,$%     @ DC"86!(+/CI'!0
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MP1:0&EH29NIF\ Z3_.0W4$L#!!0    ( )(PF%BWOUX5K04  )L1   7
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M0H5%SC23 G/'&5]T4"?1.@L<9[%8V(LC6ZK8"2^=1*>\ZW I<VH333K#@:'
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MZ)O- TP:]E+UE9Z(CY[R 75W:VOA7B: &/Z.DQB5A2M$(F.(S5..2U0MIM!
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M,#(S,3(S,5]L86(N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86&FL>^Y'@@  _BP) !0
M             ( !T30! &YI=2TR,#(S,3(S,5]P<F4N>&UL4$L! A0#%
M  @ DC"86(ZA*LLF2@8 '(Q# !0              ( !2K<! &YI=2TR,#(S
M,3(S,7@R,&8N:'1M4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86+&3,T5E(P$ JH<! !<
M         ( !H@$( &YI=2TR,#(S,3(S,7@R,&8P,#$N:G!G4$L! A0#%
M  @ DC"86!@_,,.N(P$ +(<! !<              ( !/"4) &YI=2TR,#(S
M,3(S,7@R,&8P,#4N:G!G4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86(RGA;IT"   -S(  !<
M             ( !'TD* &YI=2TR,#(S,3(S,7AE>#$R9#$N:'1M4$L! A0#
M%     @ DC"86*'3C#E;"   LRX  !<              ( !R%$* &YI=2TR
M,#(S,3(S,7AE>#$R9#(N:'1M4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86!(+/CI'!0  (!T
M !<              ( !6%H* &YI=2TR,#(S,3(S,7AE>#$S9#$N:'1M4$L!
M A0#%     @ DC"86'2VP@].!0  ,AH  !<              ( !U%\* &YI
M=2TR,#(S,3(S,7AE>#$S9#(N:'1M4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86(4.P>"U P
MG@P  !<              ( !5V4* &YI=2TR,#(S,3(S,7AE>#$U9#$N:'1M
M4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86+>_7A6M!0  FQ$  !<              ( !06D*
M &YI=2TR,#(S,3(S,7AE>#$U9#(N:'1M4$L! A0#%     @ DC"86*:VO <;
M!   E"$  !8              ( !(V\* &YI=2TR,#(S,3(S,7AE>#AD,2YH
M=&U02P$"% ,4    " "2,)A8(.UY)H(9  "EI0  %0              @ %R
M<PH ;FEU+3(P,C,Q,C,Q>&5X.3<N:'1M4$L%!@     0 !  -P0  ">-"@
!  $!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>132
<FILENAME>niu-20231231x20f_htm.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xbrl
  xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
  xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022"
  xmlns:currency="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022"
  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022"
  xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:niu="http://www.niu.com/20231231"
  xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2022"
  xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022"
  xmlns:utr="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/utr"
  xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <link:schemaRef xlink:href="niu-20231231.xsd" xlink:type="simple"/>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_z1bJW4rYXkCKBMi1xFZ2YQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_CS5iCpoLXUam6XjydGmhuQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_TPH2MohUqUqGaYi3k0W2Pw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_mnCMUrjWk0ysd2bZMqC31w">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_fPHDrkfuo0qY6viwWEKSJw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_cRt43KydYEqcP3ZBNXe38g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_c-7C3CAEtUClQkVMdJKWSQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2021-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_ubqeRh4XnUSzf4MpWD8W0g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2021-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_HHUrLk5pU0qHPpno-B236g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2021-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_z0SFeGHLzES_hQXzx8zTHg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2020-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_CNAxB7l45EONtn7vWGwDVg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2020-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_PVavdicvkEW5rRxWL5QT9Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2020-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_a0IAHGXXx0GCgL9zLZv0ng">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">us-gaap:SecuredDebtMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_NO3PDLqEnUqFer2F14Wclg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">us-gaap:SecuredDebtMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_UUjTEesuFU23Y7XrSWup6Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_5Gca9mf5z0eHEgwfdxlLbg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_79MAWzEkJ0uQyMrUfyxnHA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_DCDRZoESgkWOIczbfXiixg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2021-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_kfnz2g0yg0OwBh95Oxo-wg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2020-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2020_To_12_31_2020_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_OgP5L8MxjkaH9g-9H66Htg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2020-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2020-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_9_1_2018_To_9_30_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_YJS5JIFOxEe08TI4UmSD9Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2018-09-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2018-09-30</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Z7U0b2Nea0uyto0FnSt8lA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_W77D69QjL0yi9cLscn9QwA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_rDAVseOtEEyjKHqkToUvOQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_9_30_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_n_wvDWIYFUu5iFbrefCr8Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2018-09-30</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_3_31_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_bdk2fhw3Z0-lOkNkM6tSFw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2018-03-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_4qfubFks2EW1p8WUz7a02w">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_sBNFsFdvWUSmxdIWg2zRHw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_P74Tyv7oF0KJYgqqmTXx5g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ShareIncentivePlan2018Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_3_1_2018_To_3_31_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_Cf7GZROJtkigzjFaGAkfWQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2018-03-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2018-03-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_4L8d61shKEy2SU4c66_JXA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember_Ai6WJ304o0C-1HsijYIWeg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">niu:ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20250101_3PsXSgSx0k230mS8DXUuhg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis">
                    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain>2025-01-01</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20250101_n0js8UhqoEyYu6q5r1RtmQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis">
                    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain>2025-01-01</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20250101_vbTE5s1rFk-RJaGUYi5_lA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis">
                    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain>2025-01-01</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20240101_a40IKuzL70myDF1Pc0AwFA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis">
                    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain>2024-01-01</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis.domain>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_VBmuk4Qd-kK6CvZz7tNs1g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ServiceMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_srt_EuropeMember_8TVFOiiVz0uVVezJgV8bog">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">srt:EuropeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_bleBLsP0MUSW4P2SvtUcVw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:OtherCountriesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_8kFTFNpK50illq8oaP7XTg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:ElectricScooterSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_kXXzz18MSEO171UdQfJ_tg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_LQpBk3jgxUewL8qyxKETCw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ServiceMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_srt_EuropeMember_fbOKUp5yS0GTmEFZaAq6Iw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">srt:EuropeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_ynVIJvGDhEyf__aKGjtyQw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:OtherCountriesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_o1cgg7yTJ0Ot-tjoAaG0IQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:ElectricScooterSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_vhP4KwhhhUydB4nNwizi6w">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_3qkIUpLRNEmWMo7Jg5wc8w">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_ytCyBXordU6KCarhZvA7Ow">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ServiceMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_srt_EuropeMember_PlQcrWiArUCWCf3n9q4EOw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">srt:EuropeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_wMd2PYqRXUuhZ-FX3Yq0Ng">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:OtherCountriesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_l2uEzkhoG0S3kbSKOMQmSg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:ElectricScooterSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_1XN4Rd2kmkCNLypwu3Atkg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_6X6csY3VoUu9sux7l3fxBQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_9_1_2021_To_9_30_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_hdDLfuJ11E6RKfhcFJ8fUg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-09-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-09-30</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_xiQ-WUvqc0W9Nl93jLGYTg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:VehiclesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_zIKtIYlhlUGnCPrAreqbSQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_vkqj_lcankWO7d_17yVfLg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_6TUqowbLjEaXebsvE_IoAg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_aKbhnd_th0eXIjYhzTuYYQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:VehiclesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_Q8yxAdfT7km81FZZdGfNJA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_FtawwohI2kyzizGLIMihzw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_AtlRiWm14EaoG--hCetoxg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_JszbtrYYvUqldszPj65sPA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:BuildingMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_NjT4bawxfkmU0s11prghGQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:VehiclesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_1CpipKNCy0yQCTG94ySFOQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_eyXX5t_Chk-BOijXjnWmBw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_fZXMdeozMECj0JhlbCI7GQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_0BdcBb7jKkGZrIYMG7tw8A">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_ash29zfx8E6i_TVHIQBMbA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:BuildingMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_19nyTjDHd0-y6KH1cCSWqg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:VehiclesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_YerAz4tUV02g5g8A6YOqew">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_4gw4GVMbI0mrnVez2V3fzA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_NjHz_tOV9UavVjLk555YTg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_GoZSBSwA0UqNPnpoi3BbAQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_9t0MWCqmY0urO2hbHq-QxA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:BuildingMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_12_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_5NJ9LuEYgEea0XcokI8_JA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-12-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2020_To_12_31_2020_5znWbKx89UChp_s6Jm-nvQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2020-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2020-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tBZSH1ASIUGZm94dSUhodw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_agEVT4aYDE-6uhlFHeNkcQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tmpeG-uB_kOnBu8I7v0dSQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_ekTN0GaQgU2GPP4iGHnfKg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_VkO_rpuUX0Sa1Pc22yWigQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_AlzehEETVkuKybcVe9sM8Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_3_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_gMrqZGxsDUKOvde48GpPsw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-03-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_4_30_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_ry_8FrMgWUqy6AU8Wg4hGg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:LongtermDebtTypeAxis">us-gaap:NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-04-30</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_ZsdDFATxsEmpyMVjBRBTbA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:LongtermDebtTypeAxis">us-gaap:NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2021-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_6_30_2021_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_CgsuS7H1w0i2rFEBeLxWKA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2021-06-30</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_8_1_2023_To_8_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_jAgO19GLmUeomgAsPEJyOQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-08-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-08-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_6_1_2023_To_6_30_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_V4D6ydE10kWzXxUo898KlQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-06-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-06-30</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_1_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_LMpOQcgXhkeYkxGXZgazKQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-01-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_12_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_dUwIg93lHEu7MKrW8pO9wg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-12-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_6_1_2022_To_6_30_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_bBIEYlUpoESkwYQofOjmxw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-06-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-06-30</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_UjWPCLqZCUWhfzBicN5jTw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis">us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_ZEuk0M-6dU-wkp8LHNtudw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:US</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_HWSiBTTjHEyM2VN8Apz85A">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_mX2lQl8JWkaLfm2WXUoJaw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_HKD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember__giZWpfCY06TDUoS0yG01g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:HKD</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_GBP_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_eZjNIBZCU0iUZJ9v4BFEKQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:GBP</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_EUR_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_mtx7_bgf10OB8hv4_WxauQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:EUR</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_b_CovhmzXE-CKFU-CTstBw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:CNY</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_WGJLf8OeX0CpJ_DXwKSUlA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:OtherCountriesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_L78k-H4mu0io6dkUrNfAgw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:US</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_EJrBKbuqi0WMAJOZfqor4w">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_OzxiPPQyH0qegvBxGzBWVA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_dWMU-oEN-Eq-eJVMW-fVjw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_iF4CmOdI20-3WrpN6Nm1mg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:US</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_JLMxGGUU4UypUBmtEqI9Cg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_ERE8N88Mdkq8k94VfoWasA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_HKD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_oM-RX93HvE2MFyOCFj7v8A">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:HKD</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_GBP_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_oKoCstFkI02gvks_SWelqg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:GBP</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_EUR_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_qk9gR1CZz0OO92MfyDLsjQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:EUR</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_8w4AjCOy0065lGjzDVtfwQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:CNY</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_Gb3qXIsqnkKRCBa3P65-fA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:OtherCountriesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_STXxbX0eCkCWsli7qJ6WAg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:US</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_LjnLfeUNPUOxhxMNHbSjSw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_Q_8WbiR0YUiau-_TfyAkCA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_YY4D5Jv8-0GlbRCOhHHaDw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis">us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_936I0pLCNUyxCcThF4G3IA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember__FZc7axZNEWsuT5yKoGpJA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_VG_mooluSOVKkCqDH5rXxMNwg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:VG</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_KY_J96yfxI7XUqLzGeqrUHrAQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:KY</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_owDyuEAgt0mgLPxSWBa4Yg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_VG_RZiZrhKtikGhfhDZFkgImw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:VG</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_KY_xrgar0ia7kmj1cTOR52afA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:KY</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_1rsY55RJdkiGWRySpfOPrQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:ID</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_QH7YZ83yT0mxA8Ov7JqNuw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_x2gPx_Lz60qhef3KCBVxBg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">niu:PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_KY_E6DLfb5SlEaIZU7jC62N7Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:KY</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_9nvOzy33kEeM3tgHfE-qTg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:ID</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_7ojZEGi1iEurn8zQJmPexg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_XLHgDLneWkKDzWNyCsoCNg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:InvestmentTypeAxis">us-gaap:ShortTermInvestmentsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_iWHzBphi2UKOx6UWzUC0cQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:TrademarksMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_VqsWeNBd7EqP1hIx4BPTrw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:InternetDomainNamesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_e5zMMs5QMU2B3m0Mk2VfMg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:TrademarksMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_DJGYvi6xrUOtFypiajinLQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:InternetDomainNamesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember__YX7v9Em4UuYGMytpHf5OA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:LicensingAgreementsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_Eu1Tl4UWtEyHjSnbMcb42w">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:TrademarksMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_X9gAfk4DwkWedliz8ieB1A">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:InternetDomainNamesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_5Ll-C1YjU0aLZkecDP5dDQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:TrademarksMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_CNZXqPgtA0-207nBehQ5qg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:InternetDomainNamesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_AbvC3HIgSUOax_EYatAdYw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:LicensingAgreementsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_uIlcA0eww0OBPIrdqr8HWg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:TrademarksMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_2Vt9TLxcpUWWCOYDpnWoow">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:LicensingAgreementsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_aaRqrBuA90WzVqUj2Y-THA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:InternetDomainNamesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_kAaanzgMkEmA1WAt8H5lCg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:TrademarksMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_V_dvrV4_1kyEt7qCuySjMw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:LicensingAgreementsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_Eun9oalkkk6ED56jJQb0ig">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis">us-gaap:InternetDomainNamesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_bWdmlSnrcU2p8MEKEH1elg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_AxIkC0k8kESiFASLwmE5FQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_fx6z95hMY0a2QsSib8CUWQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:US</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_L7ApZIrDmkOW8M3A_XDbIg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:ID</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_zW-pcFeiLEK0m9pJMOmKmg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_tzgSGhuRvESa9cNqLDbS0g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:LongtermDebtTypeAxis">us-gaap:NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_WZhpsAUQuUiMLD3rgnOp6g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTypeAxis">niu:ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_TV9boRY2VEOjOWWhf7tweQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:LongtermDebtTypeAxis">us-gaap:NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_qizgDdEgb0SGqt5qxvyAPg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTypeAxis">niu:ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_3_1_2023_To_3_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_dvBpHyXyL0KijXP-p1t88w">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-03-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-03-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_5_1_2022_To_5_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_VuhudGRF6UeNBuMRDahdmA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-05-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-05-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_4_1_2022_To_4_30_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_GAjx6TzH00Ox4WvExfefNA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-04-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-04-30</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_7_1_2021_To_7_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_7e6joQ8veUWkqE8M2COTDA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-07-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-07-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_6_1_2021_To_6_30_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_ewQ_r0trykSHa46CgxLnzw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-06-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-06-30</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_5_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_rtBe2EMsCU6i4NqUV0bVXQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-05-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_7_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_aAaVv2zms0CC28QBLOxFHQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAxis">niu:CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2021-07-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_wFuStdNe-UqGUgZiplDZrA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ShippingAndHandlingMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_QyGSsOyOcUOEhvozkwsqJw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ShippingAndHandlingMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_lkcXwjTHPU6O6twmKbO59g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ShippingAndHandlingMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_5_17_2021_To_5_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_8klqBh4F4EKFu5-3bvz7UQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-05-17</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-05-17</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierYMember_-dqrYhPiD06FGaVZq6pb0Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:CostOfGoodsTotalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:SupplierConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis">niu:SupplierYMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_3JJPkK7HmUyLoT7UckSDQw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_QaxDYWRdO0mK0QuT8j_8vA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerDMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">niu:CustomerAdvancesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerCMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_eCPfmjig002x0Cx2TIWkrQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerCMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_pJL2qmoCu02BlbSCnj54mg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_Wq0ylAZUX0O6he62ZyXAVA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:CostOfGoodsTotalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:SupplierConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis">niu:SupplierXMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_HS56pfLnUEG6fbXlhJn3dw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerDMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">niu:CustomerAdvancesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_YAg6s-f-LUmi4n_IAwk0Cw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_utnvPeIfCE2QVrfrn2oijA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:CostOfGoodsTotalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:SupplierConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis">niu:SupplierXMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_iy3sN5cnc0aXy6sCNqD_ng">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_gxD3sTM5XUayIHt3asa3xg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_pkHkAXPpWUeCYaK-uHRZow">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_faZsmGtixkCGyg80a3U5wA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_niu_CommonClassOtherMember_osWGFc2jdkG9-ZSAA0CtDw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">niu:CommonClassOtherMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_u2wC9iXgJE-EoTq9cqRd4Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_hSfJqgRB8E648EQaju8Fxw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_GiCUHku0Mky03i4j9WXYKw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">niu:TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_6ZY9-3rVGk-ZoXZSuCuH7g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2021-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_ja-mpkvW0E6KBisRUh5P8Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2021-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_Zz-BnbdK3EevMi7iPKDSRw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2020-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_h5_oHA6b7EmUNNGjd-U0DQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2020-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_sJut541YS0CnP2pp3w-OzA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_pr8Gi55sWEqsMbfN2g3rug">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_CjoNwIRmiECrALbFPpNGrA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_0NKA6jA2L0G2kH7ZvVVoFA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2020-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_q2rvfhcH20WJYOZETjYY1Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_clk4jZuTu0WPwZEz6foefA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_aUewr1qKuEO7cDMdbva5KA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_2Ud5-fkpEUScJwllT8ZHWw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_tqapIIf0D0mwzR4wfNVXHg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_fTTzgVEZkkeDls4i5_M5og">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_ehS-2b0Wt0yr6BY10hjMkw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_Vwc9ChF7sE2p3sFWc9uNfw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_wdSxrXkT0UqQos3lUiPESg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_P6Dd69lsoUu91Bu0Eo26bA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_eE-2YksTV0OOkz6YbnqOnw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_ASRhET5nrUKk2RhgEhb9hQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_qfsKZjbDVUCsL4HyyXfzyg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_e3bDz8bGBUazL1e7L8DR6A">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_7MlPZnfy7E2B6U6yMZ2gww">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_c7ibVYJX9Emq0RbffSFV5w">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_BKLDuNY-qkerfHQPXfc5hA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_1__Js1QnEk2siyYgZoMHOA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_EOs5SstHnk6y8WpVunNu0g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_YuKV1LdF40-ZcarMzNFsMg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_Xr-cqZcpfUuhRQOMKISycw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_XonR2eO7EEiaAM0AVzfy7Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember__CZFuZYbskeC8vavSWDHhw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_b5t2QWBoo0GdoafbOATjow">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_mRudbltL10ea92JiAA-hnA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_v8ijbTzDAkOeoiUibk8mLQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_FXbEnQyjzEWxbCF37rcsng">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_wGR3uo0agEaB7mAAwjQzVA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_LYCsvlV_9UO4ip4BWXj9Kw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_39PYaeQS-EmHQNG2ECVbFA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zd66NfydVEeAZRDtqBYfTA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_qCL6lIdLG0ugeOWlx5nUUg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_XfUlioHuvkeTE6ynKRiZKA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_fkEDuiKmUk-PB8WZqfUDmw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_fmMfWdhIDEaqwe286etOJg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_W2lfvZbbh0KCvbLNHBXe2Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_WG1pc_8lrEOY_bymyMVsew">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_ykjpsjjLr0-C2sMrkTfNoQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_XEcI_SH3pE-sSrqpzVPtLg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:IncomeStatementLocationAxis">us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_Qlqy4Fhh802wG7hmzrtUdQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_mzyutG9yOkeSznoIibR7wQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_LItJGHQBcUudzuLWFuleOg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_gMnzhk-wo02J0MyUatyypA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerCMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_53W8oizscEeQqUbdFcE3aw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerCMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_jmawffnKmEawLjXYAeZ-eg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_Vs0AnYuIekO3cE4OTGNM9A">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_zLDH1-ZVckiDQeNS2w0JWw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ServiceMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ProductMember_BMUP_vr9mkm0GIV5gMuFKg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">us-gaap:ProductMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_WbYOoLtJLEiuqtAZivMiiA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_DjNYBvMGskmq7DsTHBthuA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:CNY</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_Z6xzlPNXO0i2JHPclqbbwQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:USD</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_3Xp1xIcb5UWpZ33pIfpOaw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CurrencyAxis">currency:CNY</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_VestingAxis_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_S66Pl82zgEqfeYUQlX3Scw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:VestingAxis">us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_VestingAxis_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_DKVYqsZaqEO_QSdSFPU8ow">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:VestingAxis">us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_32l9oa6Y40uqwsNXOhfN1Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:SmartElectricScootersMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_a0QTUoozCUe1U1CvrmIxWQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:SmartElectricScootersMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_zbGO_8ryM0ytSFdOVoMvsQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_dYSW86mCE0-QUMsIdvfh4Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember_wgANziC6c0GFTw0MG3nCEQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_S51lqJ1k80Cx3W0O0eqiPA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ProductOrServiceAxis">niu:LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2021-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_gn-Bnv17zkOVABH1rouxKw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MinimumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_Ff5OziNcakeaGTSwTCAn2Q">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:RangeAxis">srt:MaximumMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2024_To_12_31_2024_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_srt_StatementScenarioAxis_srt_ScenarioForecastMember_TqpRuvYncUy2744dJcFmAA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CounterpartyNameAxis">niu:BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementScenarioAxis">srt:ScenarioForecastMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2024-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2024-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_OwnershipAxis_niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_VX5D9StKe0-jxVC1Yw38HQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:OwnershipAxis">niu:JiangsuXiaoniuMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_QGyMqC-0sUqug0nO7X0W7g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CounterpartyNameAxis">niu:BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_OwnershipAxis_niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_ssFimEy7lEOCkowUUN648A">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:OwnershipAxis">niu:JiangsuXiaoniuMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_M93oFKmFzUKPZCNeu_IQWw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:CounterpartyNameAxis">niu:BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_OwnershipAxis_niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_uEIl81OE306VCwGY_WQNow">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:OwnershipAxis">niu:JiangsuXiaoniuMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:CN</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2018_To_12_31_2018_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_6sYI1pISY0iRS_sApedD1w">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:HK</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2018-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2018-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_KzpIQUAsHUeCVVgW4Ek73g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_jr9cpPqQEEOizyiTuFfy4g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_nBXICK9Fk0S3Z6_uaHw2UA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:CommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2022-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2022-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2021-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2021-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_MgBmeN8q6kG9K1zXRwpS3A">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerDMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">niu:CustomerAdvancesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_W_fQnEwDGkWF8TQAzWIB9w">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:MajorCustomersAxis">niu:CustomerDMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">niu:CustomerAdvancesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis">us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">srt:ParentCompanyMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidationItemsAxis">srt:ReportableLegalEntitiesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="srt:ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis">us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2022-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_OxWhr0QU4UmdQxG5LEGutg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_pfSI4goGu0-LdAGGNuTQUg">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">dei:AdrMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <instant>2023-12-31</instant>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="dei:EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis">dei:BusinessContactMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001744781</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2023-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2023-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <unit id="Unit_Divide_USD_CNY_RVcVlFY3UUSeUmwjiZTf2g">
        <divide>
            <unitNumerator>
                <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
            </unitNumerator>
            <unitDenominator>
                <measure>iso4217:CNY</measure>
            </unitDenominator>
        </divide>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Unit_Standard_segment_LqP1yNnIskebLGUoRsBMyg">
        <measure>niu:segment</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">
        <measure>shares</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">
        <measure>iso4217:CNY</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">
        <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">
        <measure>pure</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">
        <divide>
            <unitNumerator>
                <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
            </unitNumerator>
            <unitDenominator>
                <measure>shares</measure>
            </unitDenominator>
        </divide>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Unit_Standard_km_G4bPJzouEEOIHAgPfLXtAg">
        <measure>utr:km</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Unit_Standard_HKD_YGyGN6R-mE2LZGbCv9SDew">
        <measure>iso4217:HKD</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Unit_Standard_installment_OI0AxVGhE0qjnSLonqehpQ">
        <measure>niu:installment</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">
        <divide>
            <unitNumerator>
                <measure>iso4217:CNY</measure>
            </unitNumerator>
            <unitDenominator>
                <measure>shares</measure>
            </unitDenominator>
        </divide>
    </unit>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingencies
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      id="Hidden_pfIVMrmnJEuEEa5QNB2MuQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg"
      xsi:nil="true"/>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingencies
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      id="Hidden_VC8s1EBeOEKmp2sqc6J8CQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg"
      xsi:nil="true"/>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingencies
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      id="Hidden_SWynyzei-U2gfMnX9ug9Cw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw"
      xsi:nil="true"/>
    <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tc_udaOt4p_lUuHTtL6iRh4FA_2_1">0001744781</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
    <dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tc_4WJfbmh5GUOcT1-Vf_z-Sg_3_1">--12-31</dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate>
    <dei:DocumentFiscalYearFocus
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tc_o7dI2iNx00qpE4w7xLqZfQ_4_1">2023</dei:DocumentFiscalYearFocus>
    <dei:DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tc_1YzetX3I6E-PNosq0zaejg_5_1">FY</dei:DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus>
    <dei:AmendmentFlag
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tc_oJ-ZJCqWsE-no20iJXXmBw_6_1">false</dei:AmendmentFlag>
    <dei:TradingSymbol
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_OxWhr0QU4UmdQxG5LEGutg"
      id="Tc_nuCBywFm_0mWhrdSj3eAGQ_7_1">NIU</dei:TradingSymbol>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      id="Hidden_eA6bIcPJpkyCflWLMDCiXg">http://www.niu.com/20231231#AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList>
    <niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_M93oFKmFzUKPZCNeu_IQWw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Hidden_ybP4HSr9FE2A1XUau1TOYw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.15</niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent>
    <niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_QGyMqC-0sUqug0nO7X0W7g"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Hidden_nAWNeOQZRkOVRlo3Tk-qIQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.15</niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Hidden_kHFrTdnof0udwmG1FdeAtw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">137719542</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Hidden_Fy4xRf2igE-BxL3RAn2IVg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">138575010</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Hidden_J1lFFxk0XkqM3MW2up0M6Q"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">16542020</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Hidden_EHEIjtjW2EGO9UKBbgzXzA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">16542020</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Hidden_kkUKHfKX3UCP6k41CZgULw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">16542020</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_vkqj_lcankWO7d_17yVfLg"
      id="Hidden_Z7G7NzI6vEaUSjcHx9VtrQ">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_6TUqowbLjEaXebsvE_IoAg"
      id="Hidden_Nc2zRlK-6EWAcMIP63pLsw">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_zIKtIYlhlUGnCPrAreqbSQ"
      id="Hidden_CLqBnDxKQUCwGuCoEtTZVg">P2Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <niu:MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_gn-Bnv17zkOVABH1rouxKw"
      id="Hidden_xRIWjE1q9k-fPL-UH6XUqg">P1Y</niu:MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20250101_3PsXSgSx0k230mS8DXUuhg"
      id="Hidden_BlnXwXjTuEaqBf1xJ-hxAA">P12M</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_iWHzBphi2UKOx6UWzUC0cQ"
      id="Hidden_If5kjX9RkEWGRKn63eLGUw">P5Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_VqsWeNBd7EqP1hIx4BPTrw"
      id="Hidden_PCxj2VxiEECapTNsgKNneA">P5Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm
      contextRef="Duration_7_1_2021_To_7_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_7e6joQ8veUWkqE8M2COTDA"
      id="Hidden_MQWxeSD9ckKbqUKecM-J1A">P10M</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm
      contextRef="Duration_5_1_2022_To_5_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_VuhudGRF6UeNBuMRDahdmA"
      id="Hidden_WGtW1H8hcU-4RiGx8otOig">P1Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm
      contextRef="Duration_6_1_2021_To_6_30_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_ewQ_r0trykSHa46CgxLnzw"
      id="Hidden_fxxYv-mlJUumQroHbL025w">P2Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm
      contextRef="Duration_3_1_2023_To_3_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_dvBpHyXyL0KijXP-p1t88w"
      id="Hidden_7FZnOL4pN0-uoNeJcYaKPw">P12M</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_S51lqJ1k80Cx3W0O0eqiPA"
      id="Hidden_vgM1-5mh10S1eI0guvGEPA">P24M</niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm>
    <niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember_wgANziC6c0GFTw0MG3nCEQ"
      id="Hidden_ZObh1wVXwUCkCj2GQCYAfg">P36M</niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm>
    <niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2024_To_12_31_2024_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_niu_BeijingNiudianTechnologyCoLtdMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_srt_StatementScenarioAxis_srt_ScenarioForecastMember_TqpRuvYncUy2744dJcFmAA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Hidden_xzmrLM8Bck24mMJGeBXvWQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.15</niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      id="Hidden_TiFC9rcIt06q_jde-_ll9Q">http://www.niu.com/20231231#AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList>
    <dei:DocumentType
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_EngLzoe8k0CyPW1R5rCtPg">20-F</dei:DocumentType>
    <dei:DocumentRegistrationStatement
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tc_AnrkkSu3vUyPbQv9tIIaEQ_1_0">false</dei:DocumentRegistrationStatement>
    <dei:DocumentAnnualReport
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tc_hcRJVL5iiE6ba2A0tgI74w_4_0">true</dei:DocumentAnnualReport>
    <dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_yr6GltRfdkSztQ7bYpeCKQ">2023-12-31</dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate>
    <dei:DocumentTransitionReport
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tc_3Y-tEKFZTkSXx4klIv1jYA_9_0">false</dei:DocumentTransitionReport>
    <dei:DocumentShellCompanyReport
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tc_ySKMKJhsokOSpOLfDbPpGA_15_0">false</dei:DocumentShellCompanyReport>
    <dei:EntityFileNumber
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_N_Zht6OLOEmrLKT-ttEwYQ">001-38696</dei:EntityFileNumber>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tc_E2SO20gl10enYTF-EcwVkQ_1_0">Niu Technologies</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tc_4_gWTavT6EayRrg_ZcZ3iQ_7_0">E9</dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode>
    <dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_CwstFPGnX0m8EMkqtbWskQ">No.1 Building, No. 195 Huilongguan East Road,</dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1>
    <dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_3xM6PYnzd0-BwqL_niwoyQ">Beijing</dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown>
    <dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_ycAt5k9_iE-wlBTBf48jJg">102208</dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode>
    <dei:EntityAddressCountry
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_SSVpy05Ovkitf3mokw9aGw">CN</dei:EntityAddressCountry>
    <dei:ContactPersonnelName
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ"
      id="Narr_caHtrVJLpECY1iTuj8cdew">Fion Wenjuan Zhou</dei:ContactPersonnelName>
    <dei:CityAreaCode
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ"
      id="Narr_SvoMS29IEkq6NwFPVA0NmA">+86</dei:CityAreaCode>
    <dei:LocalPhoneNumber
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ"
      id="Narr_LEfy2kcBjU6uruq_HEESMA">10-6432-1899</dei:LocalPhoneNumber>
    <dei:ContactPersonnelEmailAddress
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ"
      id="Narr_qzVUHSSxxk2NHk6bDLA0HQ">ir@niu.com</dei:ContactPersonnelEmailAddress>
    <dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ"
      id="Narr_gzhhAOer6k6oHwQoPA8NrA">No.1 Building, No. 195 Huilongguan East Road,</dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1>
    <dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ"
      id="Narr_4g4OfrVbfESaENfrHJI9Eg">Beijing</dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown>
    <dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ"
      id="Narr_atYdWniDb0esBeN3qftnfA">102208</dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode>
    <dei:EntityAddressCountry
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_dei_BusinessContactMember_RrO3xUTjLk-YZgmXgVpjVQ"
      id="Narr_Y14InQ8rRkuk4KzDuviicw">CN</dei:EntityAddressCountry>
    <dei:Security12bTitle
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_pfSI4goGu0-LdAGGNuTQUg"
      id="Narr_Wfenad0i9kOWQZnZZWrkkA">American depositary shares (one American depositaryshare representing two Class A ordinary shares, parvalue US$0.0001 per share)</dei:Security12bTitle>
    <dei:Security12bTitle
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_OxWhr0QU4UmdQxG5LEGutg"
      id="Narr_Gj-Bf8MmyUiu1EtzqoCCpw">Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 pershare</dei:Security12bTitle>
    <dei:TradingSymbol
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_pfSI4goGu0-LdAGGNuTQUg"
      id="Tc_3H9hsa7kwEm0RkK3QsxBQg_2_2">NIU</dei:TradingSymbol>
    <dei:SecurityExchangeName
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_dei_AdrMember_pfSI4goGu0-LdAGGNuTQUg"
      id="Narr_1X8HDY00Fk2jMhtcrccagg">NASDAQ</dei:SecurityExchangeName>
    <dei:SecurityExchangeName
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_OxWhr0QU4UmdQxG5LEGutg"
      id="Narr_Ma7tPkxaF067ruVAaOpEoA">NASDAQ</dei:SecurityExchangeName>
    <dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_lAUk3B3QnU2S_i9dLl49Tw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">138575010</dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_5w_RK7dCuUaYrYm-0ADmTQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">16542020</dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <dei:EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_XgPl0NJFzUCZP3tvWAKScQ">No</dei:EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer>
    <dei:EntityVoluntaryFilers
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_G6otQdybdUSlKP6HFjQ-xg">No</dei:EntityVoluntaryFilers>
    <dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_X1Oo7lBI5kWCRVLrHg0vSg">Yes</dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus>
    <dei:EntityInteractiveDataCurrent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_OoaJQdPXU0iYVCKR_HHvGQ">Yes</dei:EntityInteractiveDataCurrent>
    <dei:EntityFilerCategory
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_2ETYewpE602qqZN_LVKJiQ">Accelerated Filer</dei:EntityFilerCategory>
    <dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_YIXzVjti5Eujq2OW8-hOUw">false</dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany>
    <dei:IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_K7s8KBMdZEO-mfXH7J5ZhA">true</dei:IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag>
    <dei:DocumentAccountingStandard
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_ogrnni8MjUundjrj_yQqHQ">U.S. GAAP</dei:DocumentAccountingStandard>
    <dei:EntityShellCompany
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_OHgDxiKPskaNzfsHikzIaw">false</dei:EntityShellCompany>
    <dei:AuditorFirmId
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_tGyepnzoFEetT-bPFeJ8IQ">1186</dei:AuditorFirmId>
    <dei:AuditorName
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_cvaPHd4Uu0uTb0NPh7JcZw">KPMG Huazhen LLP</dei:AuditorName>
    <dei:AuditorLocation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_u9ywn4Hl-kSQEFYN0ffNbg">Beijing, China</dei:AuditorLocation>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_D0W1K4sgukWkdQElW2ocwg_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">534286849</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_fP3wfYtJzUe639NUyuf4Gw_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">872573460</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_jjeNKjROv0Sw1l5Mz6dlyg_7_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">122899401</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ESmP8uid4kmCfxJ_2h2JAg_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">208589770</niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cu-BNYbi10m6Fz8N-yLk9w_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">97555565</niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_qgu0vwuZpUOFxoXArBfvtQ_8_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">13740414</niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dl4GQTtEkUmQBpYbX_muVw_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">186340321</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_9ckPDePsPkeH1qBVx_DjPw_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">107666733</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_-DtY5bgNg0y6HIQmJMtKzA_9_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">15164542</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc__y1LGLBb-UyIKnedPzTRjg_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160406301</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_KjTlmzYypUK57Xm1e8tX6A_11_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">299742923</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_2IwWchPsqEy_662s86Z_rA_11_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">94956170</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CcOEfmWWZUudEiSeI9BylA_11_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">13374297</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:InventoryNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_EU3nWUVGJkC22sjOXcQa0Q_12_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">417009148</us-gaap:InventoryNet>
    <us-gaap:InventoryNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_u1jsdxdgeU2Ds7xWwDMuwg_12_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">392790141</us-gaap:InventoryNet>
    <us-gaap:InventoryNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_JdjW_My3uE6YX51fGxf-Cw_12_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">55323334</us-gaap:InventoryNet>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lJtYWDEF7kC8O5IdtObv0A_13_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">205695717</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_v2v_-bLO90mUZ281_fcELQ_13_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">195072129</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Fi187Qs1kEitOV4u9-HR1g_13_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">27475335</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_B128ya_rv0Wvk6atr3YzQw_14_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2012071029</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bVxDtQ3hTUWjowF3c_T4Hg_14_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1760614198</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_0X1ZyPyawkq0cnoqP9lIoQ_14_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">247977323</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc__dcfJtEzdUalF_ICqEXmZw_17_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20000000</niu:TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_LozS9nJbvEOQpRlMufiqkA_18_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">397356795</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_tvABKLZkaE2CNRExaInIqA_18_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">323112366</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_n3U-hmoWKUSckvWOSHpYnA_18_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">45509425</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_pkL4gZwwY0-N53IEUZmhjw_19_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1857320</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Kfw6JcNiQkWEHjFaDUxBBQ_19_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1306401</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_hu82vYHoAEyXNtWTXPyk2Q_19_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">184003</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_tRqMi2d1wE-cCivqbz5Klg_20_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">86597121</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_OqACxnsPxkOCN03ML1ZX1g_20_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">76821285</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_BpcHvee7QU6yNHyBtgx-CA_20_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">10820052</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Xz5tNZ2cHkuP0wviK7u3oQ_21_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6132499</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AhDq3R8hnEm6g_alYMPMTw_21_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20747021</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VBy_8pzQn0K1aOWyVxmwKw_21_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">2922157</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Y_x07fmyT06zDMJ2JVSqKQ_22_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">12683090</us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_GvvHTnyoxkOOth9ZirTb1g_22_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6730378</us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_BGu0OjIdu02CZIF0Js1o4A_22_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">947954</us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_MyKW47zi4ky3ynSJ87Jp4A_23_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">524626825</us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_V1ZX0OIc1UqIgeRNYYwgjw_23_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">428717451</us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_pYFsT2o7fkWpy8QV3pmKig_23_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">60383591</us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_4duZrXjd30Gvzjh9ta8qew_25_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2536697854</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_qmnNxuJruEGQPUnk1sgSZw_25_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2189331649</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_RS8xl2E48kmvq-j_933nsg_25_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">308360914</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_N7dmPlbf4EO6DSuY58MorA_29_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160000000</us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uskasIHTPEiJ1tsqBeO5rA_29_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">100000000</us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc__6As_vXk6UyfP13hUN4Efw_29_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">14084705</us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable>
    <us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_yQaAHD8GY0yhYadHONMxug"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">316832113</us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_wYTOFc8vUE-haOGt4lHP6g"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">167282688</us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_9dLV-APSvEael57xVFo23A_30_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">316832113</us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ng1IJUtkZUaq90ms5-yFYA_30_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">167282688</us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_fjsYvctizECPnmKwGekpzw_30_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">23561274</us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_wTh5VpfMQkGCvtzQKDxtEQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">459406790</us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_1PiFEqJvVkSoC4iY_ZzlCA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">575235413</us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_-R8D3PRCuEOatWsJyDs7ug_31_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">459466937</us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_M2ZZCAJRnECuNCeXhQ6UEw_31_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">575724288</us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_tMJXkERmGk-HZ6tjYHMaHQ_31_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">81089070</us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_Hbt-xnOIbEy0GhTMoOvx3A"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1501992</us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_lLiCfL_h30SUU714CuQfdA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1195114</us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Xf0Dk4aqY0-D9b_uZKtUOQ_32_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1898065</us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_hJODbPMUTkWpw4KWubZBvA_32_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1357913</us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HxbAhJZFyUOhToZCIjSFJw_32_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">191258</us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent>
    <niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_vajFO5ch40K-dO2-bAhF8w"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">23522149</niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent>
    <niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_Gcb0YksKKkewsGjqbw8OuA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">16399926</niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent>
    <niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HRU72qnpGk-ckWcSm5NJQA_33_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">24931897</niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent>
    <niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CM8abt6SNkO0dXqT_Y74PA_33_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">19304488</niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent>
    <niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_IQV27jyW20WX2V6Y3fB1vQ_33_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">2718980</niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_5thgvy-CSU6VXrk8rv04PA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">37539733</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_BxT-5QZgO0iHSPVHm8efzQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">41755097</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bHYvYL5oGk-_q2YcLFMC6A_34_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">37539733</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_vWXvGxvjK0iMQquNHHXDEw_34_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">41755097</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NCLZIantWU2H10RWL1uz6w_34_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">5881082</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_H6J0dMS9BUmcM5UmphKa8w"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">175352229</niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_Sn32h1YHOUuj3r2uYhsG0g"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">151286008</niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_QxuktbARo0m8VMQE-5U7_Q_35_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">192092943</niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_N7wTnfhCVkOD0WFuJs_V2g_35_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">165511396</niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_aHuYnLq9C0qY3IEnntibjg_35_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">23311795</niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_eLK3vS2Rfkmdv6sQUvYN6A_36_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1192761688</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NbCJlNqapkG5ai0Ge6QLAw_36_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1070935870</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_nqedXR3jEUe7XzpzPdBy2A_36_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">150838164</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_ZPRAwFmMZ0acyDcykniiyQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11429500</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_QTJH1poqikyovuHr6l2Qvw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13168111</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_wCk9iPCG5UKbWEbxRFgigQ_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11429500</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_w0xQjcZyMk6057EgHOIn9A_4_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13168111</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_j6UrzOyDTEGEqkbyvmVs4Q_4_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">1854690</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_c1e1sK2-fE21pjdV-VRWwA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1398279</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_FAQn8dKc9USbcXL6EaFX1w"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2362494</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_SUoug6P1d02W-KnbexgXJg_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1398279</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WpgDAu0l2UKD06Kq7P_yJw_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2362494</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3TYHz4KpX0i-m6eE3MyOYA_5_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">332750</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_S7UpS9dZC02E976qkM13Mw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7569128</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_IZRdJToSe0ONGiKCDHzI_A"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">280421</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ts11mpjTHEaW6zlVi7U6PA_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7569128</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_i8CXlGMM_UyIZX-ILfsh3w_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">280421</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VFfxL6cX5E6_oEU_DOnvIA_6_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">39496</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_WGQ9HEroOk-mkKkVPYLejA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13441382</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_oRJETPygRUGDZTdnSw_4xw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8968519</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_RxybZjUJ8U-LNeUw-ozO6w_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13441382</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_q4Cp82bf-EmphFx9rb83jA_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8968519</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_l5XnRBSmykKwDqyLGxAV4Q_7_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">1263189</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_qcr1zf3UykiEQ6caJcsC9w_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">33838289</us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AVnYZyvCzk2oEnV6UbJLbQ_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">24779545</us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FBp6dFZ990aEd1w2fyQn8A_8_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">3490125</us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:Liabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_5yfGSNhYuUOWfbcI9Y7zzA_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1226599977</us-gaap:Liabilities>
    <us-gaap:Liabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_btGJALyZaEqE3Ye9lfKjUg_10_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1095715415</us-gaap:Liabilities>
    <us-gaap:Liabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_LBdjKVu_4US9vS_81yWy0g_10_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">154328289</us-gaap:Liabilities>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_PsgWhocA9kOJPLKUe9ucsg"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">0.0001</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_WC5AtaFHI0uksoOUw6kl3w"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">0.0001</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_XCOmVygsNEuLLZMMmmevxQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">4900000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_K8ae1y7-o0SSbo6Om8JX2A"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">4900000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_OZc29HNODU2AxYen7FZJSg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">137719542</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_NPxFu8oJfEKGdyF8NMUeMA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">138575010</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_o21sQZtvKEOS15iWgvrxOw_13_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">89428</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_qjVDUA-sH0O70ecmPnyAGg_13_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">90031</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_O_AiT7KHiE-RmRSSUXz6WA_13_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">12681</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_DljaQhvq8Uy51D48ttlGXg"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">0.0001</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_DWM3aa5NKUq1VWyphjJN7w"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">0.0001</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_5z3AAlXvO0SUbukg4emdAg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">50000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_kX23OW0swU63CcDmqRrYbA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">50000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_OzxkOd2p3EWPruW8pz65tA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">16542020</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WbHKDrnoIESzGhycG22sYA_14_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10316</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_-AUcPoPIPUypGYJajIt1Sw_14_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10316</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_QLifyHCMg0OEsIq6cKjpRg_14_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">1453</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
    <us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_XAe5xyUGl0Oemb7vJLKVVQ_15_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1915825641</us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital>
    <us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_APDv7db_V0aRvnjLY6CJOA_15_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1964138365</us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital>
    <us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_-mKY2NEpfkySIgE9zokRqw_15_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">276643103</us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_8thJnCBY00OQ8fiQLKxhAw_16_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-16536686</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_BW8tDZz7e0u2_xH4wsGQmg_16_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-9495674</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TkbwlhEIyUC7M1vkq-5eEQ_16_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-1337438</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ON4hiP0uBEi3jehXMBnlQw_17_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-589290822</us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit>
    <us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Dw3KKeuUK06NOSevu8Ecyw_17_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-861126804</us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit>
    <us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zfjCkusnbEegCMwL_dUeEw_17_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-121287174</us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZFVd4LKmOkqcBhueltEUIw_18_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1310097877</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_on1wASNbt0qkwfO4J3nsHA_18_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1093616234</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_13X_lRdiwkev4chmFJjfcQ_18_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">154032625</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_4Rb2nl0f70SKSyAj673j_A_20_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2536697854</us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iK1TveNiN0mMUuZ9JTO08Q_20_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2189331649</us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_okB6GJ-5YkODE7ZXpFctyw_20_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">308360914</us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ARXCyZFwaE6vMSxTZGBi_g_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3704537419</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_y47jerimbEuS68hdWqRP5Q_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3168597334</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uhhxIvF34UaAJ9Q8yanBAQ_5_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2651757646</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_e4X1rtaDwEaC_AkZrmrj7w_5_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">373492253</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_sgSWKB2DfkaY-39CWQSAtg_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2891758188</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Lag2yByYykSiIX990dIwRw_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2498916443</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Mwx6oLnrQUWqaNV47reCJA_6_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2081010633</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_31xNCT6kuU-VBcvMBs9u5A_6_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">293104217</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_XveKsndDtUahVfZZH5mu4g_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">812779231</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_D6RJDRXKMkuMPd2jpowZGQ_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">669680891</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dDc4FxeqikewwHgC0pklFA_7_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">570747013</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_IW2MA_lPF0WiSw3t98Sl9w_7_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">80388036</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_GUAu-_clQkmQuNJ1S5DLpQ_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">332007462</us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense>
    <us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_4soTEMZkWE-qOoSCMCxmIg_10_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">440408982</us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense>
    <us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PUqtpG_NvkmL5z4sW1b6tQ_10_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">495734694</us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense>
    <us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iAU6W_Y8bUGayfMckHnzdQ_10_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">69822771</us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpense>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZO9QTwHDb0K9QQC8aK5h7g_11_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">135218399</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_12A2pX22QE66jlsT2lZGPg_11_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">176478130</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_v2dgpmOclU-OxD4f4sgz6A_11_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">150985739</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_N3XxL52XK0W8L5nDj9IqcA_11_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">21265897</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_lXikOg_uoEaiQ2t27SnZPg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1272454</us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_TiWDOP8-jU6rnzBezqGnVg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">25044327</us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_3BN4UDOFV06F087urOh3jQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">139445017</us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dURvGFsECUGXWAmwvGAF_A_12_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">141798910</us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
    <us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AB2QeF8gXUOFW5S1VvW_eg_12_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">158460764</us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
    <us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WslP4NHmSU6EUU5k8z9icQ_12_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">244518817</us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
    <us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dg5cjTTRuUC372P2P18DJA_12_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">34439755</us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
    <us-gaap:OperatingExpenses
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1McJNOioPk61cnapYD5v-A_13_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">609024771</us-gaap:OperatingExpenses>
    <us-gaap:OperatingExpenses
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_6hEr--YQVEegGmELyjUNmA_13_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">775347876</us-gaap:OperatingExpenses>
    <us-gaap:OperatingExpenses
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AXO-6Hcq8USoLLl5IdKwhQ_13_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">891239250</us-gaap:OperatingExpenses>
    <us-gaap:OperatingExpenses
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Qf2drhWBrUqXsqPOQ99MJw_13_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">125528423</us-gaap:OperatingExpenses>
    <niu:GovernmentGrants
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_E5ZgUoHEJEyf85xNLF6yGA_14_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">48726818</niu:GovernmentGrants>
    <niu:GovernmentGrants
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WxqLbarY-EaUU56_2ZDR9Q_14_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">16385038</niu:GovernmentGrants>
    <niu:GovernmentGrants
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kGDlYDGAWkC8EJjLjIN8KQ_14_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2968735</niu:GovernmentGrants>
    <niu:GovernmentGrants
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_b4hULmCt_029SBD-WUJZRQ_14_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">418138</niu:GovernmentGrants>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_t_sWuZgsQEaqJLCY34Zl9A_15_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">252481278</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ogd6ryvSV0q0D94j9fr1Sg_15_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-89281947</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_EJ82JCfvtE2n1FMSPHNBJw_15_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-317523502</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_G1jqpGpaq0S-XV2u3Dk0WA_15_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-44722249</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_0xtv8kreakOSVHYJFmkxuw_17_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6167805</us-gaap:InterestExpense>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_r8uRGPyNek-he8iNON3h2Q_17_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5715878</us-gaap:InterestExpense>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WuzI6uA-wUClf17xddnWwQ_17_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1423924</us-gaap:InterestExpense>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_9jemoi7F1EOQ6cu62jb8UQ_17_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">200556</us-gaap:InterestExpense>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VE8hJwGKPUuZ-_L9UBQo-g_18_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5375969</us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1vudtHg9-kK3F7W56ZymDg_18_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">12860216</us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_5cg6pQTc1UShAh_E_ygPNg_18_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">35492190</us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zNJOuUx4wk-37L59uyjFnA_18_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">4998970</us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_vyVri5-_qUGs9dRE3xyU6w_19_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">21167575</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_fVQ4IyALaEyzUbA0bKJyNw_19_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10917736</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_A-dZPoW-D0yD6SmJyhtJSA_19_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1426370</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_gCjZLzul2EGqdTATnaFr2Q_19_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">200900</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_L9zietLCS0uMLXSZ7Iz6uw_20_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">272857017</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NuhKKB-H4kGsbCfAqrFcew_20_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-71219873</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lmxJFJayRk-foTKSY5c-jA_20_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-282028866</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kOn1VEMO20WeZhJH3wkj2Q_20_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-39722935</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_gdgq4xScA0meNDU0wJk83g_21_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47036608</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_pv2i74vDYkC5cS86qHkj6w_21_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-21756944</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_4-p9Shpua0ms4Q6rmKRSWQ_21_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-10192884</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_rw975xZwjU64kd5BBuChUw_21_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-1435638</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_DKfezE55xkWLA1gk5E318g_22_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">225820409</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kRU1o6YK9E6jT2jCZSSAtA_22_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-49462929</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_EmG4ZVYn-ESYGvFyRrnsNA_22_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-271835982</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_qZJRW-xoGUyQ0aGfj-RNug_22_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-38287297</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2020_To_12_31_2020_5znWbKx89UChp_s6Jm-nvQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_iw1nf6fGMUy1mByR42-Tvw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_RPlTsTtlZ0-SAL4Zjl-8pg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_Vxzvk_xhtUyjRE-BpqyzqA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_btwZHijGXE2XK3B9k5brIw_25_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-9657187</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PZzdDZ3MCEWNG9XoHta-ow_25_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">37342724</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_X7YSE61rGEmN3Th_voj5Fw_25_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7386368</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_4F16GqVBC0mpPa3tGDxn5A_25_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">1040348</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_2ObcNObRH0-8IV4kUECHcQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5809288</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_FjGRvnbyhUePy-AsUVQVvA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1184686</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_cfpedBiONECXygRfgY6ZfA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3080</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WpHglxqMy0y9bWvifAt8DA_26_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">17427865</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_XYSYBG40GEugtJ2z-tRUaA_26_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6460896</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1zr2_7lVCEqi8ghEzl0v5g_26_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">17454</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ETcxmDU270eYw-rHGuyhfw_26_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">2458</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_mN8crMQQ_ECqAgngc49GJQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5291894</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_ftTnqfGxF0aLWC8_5_lgdA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1698460</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_ATaNdopVKUerHroLojeUxg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">64025</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cWVKb3ddakKicIT5l0IF5Q_27_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">15875681</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_xibtExJF-kSiZy-guN3WhA_27_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9219276</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1_-5pCh_wESxExL_SzPzXg_27_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">362810</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_il0HV64PYUG_j6CqVwzseg_27_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">51100</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZmoBwNe8tUSglhJWDafXbw_28_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">217715406</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_T0qMUJL89k6xwwuYvoQ2Gw_28_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-14878585</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_59OtWFWaEEq_M_SQXkYoCA_28_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-264794970</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_T97ju-fXvkOsIDMQ38TEgA_28_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-37295591</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_mgeeZ4WQc0aiJ42MBjuJKQ_31_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">1.47</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_5ZBb2sP0dUmEnsH3gh6M5A_31_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">-0.32</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_QS_1iNwu-EqmmnLNeDEN9g_31_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">-1.73</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_zAESb2PpKEyN7i3etvq93w_31_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">-0.24</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_Wsy3vXsZXkyusAsLXsa1yw_32_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">1.41</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_yPSXxUgSCk-ixE3ChAlcJA_32_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">-0.32</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_4E4EnBdrbEO--QPa4UA8PA_32_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">-1.73</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_U9tSQeAt3kKJP8htj_8orQ_32_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">-0.24</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_9krH-coHIkC2Uq9iIbiwSQ_35_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">153672358</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_MJ1_E7SvdU2ZpkHpWOKwkA_35_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">155176922</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_QEuW4NHLM06ldEjOZQ6J6Q_35_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">156816105</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7gwtP9VLzUK7SLO6gdWPAQ_35_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">156816105</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1BFjPnkspk-JkU2oj2AnmA_36_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">160460976</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_QrBVvgl290unpqY54L9Bhw_36_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">155176922</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_asFIHXfZKUKgkb--xP8Nig_36_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">156816105</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_66C0X1EyJ0uepKdGgIqldw_36_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">156816105</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:SharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_kfnz2g0yg0OwBh95Oxo-wg"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_JjAJmqX4PEqSsdTsoLNIIw_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">152360452</us-gaap:SharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_kfnz2g0yg0OwBh95Oxo-wg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_9LjAcFBfIEqtSlFAojuOhA_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">98502</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_CNAxB7l45EONtn7vWGwDVg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kkEUgyAN5UuI9dlES8aCkA_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1801940071</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_PVavdicvkEW5rRxWL5QT9Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_tXzLPSRz3EyTJ7vmD_MHkA_6_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-43016027</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_z0SFeGHLzES_hQXzx8zTHg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TziqIPqc_ke4GvlxNAclrw_6_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-765648302</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AtzcQ49y2kqLthOHk3-yQw_6_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">993374244</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_AlzehEETVkuKybcVe9sM8Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1rMfBeo6DUO2Ywjj3EchtA_7_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">225820409</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_vSbSArj6jk6DrxMWZEM0-g_7_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">225820409</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_QKSmyY6HG0mpdvZG3AsucQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tmpeG-uB_kOnBu8I7v0dSQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1C4XYKwXwUKWIUcTGhqDDg_8_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-9657187</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_-Vua5o3TZUqeSqY4256qng_8_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-9657187</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_7pny6F_zB0WhmQD7I3H5iA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5809288</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tmpeG-uB_kOnBu8I7v0dSQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_BZleMaOcaUyyUyjHN8Adxg_9_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">17427865</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PvbEkHuWp0yokYMx0NuALA_9_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">17427865</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_8fLJr0PW7EuQ1Jrizj6cSQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5291894</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tmpeG-uB_kOnBu8I7v0dSQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_v6Pp8q-hVk-83ynJ79l_4g_10_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">15875681</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VRJcmHJUAUCg21Kuhc99yQ_10_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">15875681</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_LItJGHQBcUudzuLWFuleOg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_GWyZ3hnds0Wdsodpb1_kbg_11_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47218156</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_u9IgDiGOQkuvRAQzbk7hxQ_11_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47218156</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue>
    <niu:ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_nBXICK9Fk0S3Z6_uaHw2UA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_7zm-vQcrj0aiTXVGA6sYwg_12_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">1320378</niu:ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_nBXICK9Fk0S3Z6_uaHw2UA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_evAkC6HpOkmrw8utXMAIRg_12_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">852</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_LItJGHQBcUudzuLWFuleOg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iGsx4Dj8CEOC9G7ojLWa9Q_12_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6245532</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lDqXOHy1-UOiOyI4gFQP8A_12_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6246384</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions>
    <us-gaap:SharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_DCDRZoESgkWOIczbfXiixg"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_ne89xhDWLE-7RF7VjjzGAg_14_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">153680830</us-gaap:SharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_DCDRZoESgkWOIczbfXiixg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_OsdlN-y3ZECpXkwWftrXPQ_14_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">99354</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_ubqeRh4XnUSzf4MpWD8W0g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_hx8GK3XcUUGmZ6Hux2YYaw_14_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1855403759</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_HHUrLk5pU0qHPpno-B236g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_YAnzXRx9FEefwO80vFCsew_14_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-51121030</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_c-7C3CAEtUClQkVMdJKWSQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VxPNGf8XPU-rNw7BUhlJ3Q_14_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-539827893</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Fh8vifYiYEasfQkhET2tHw_14_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1264554190</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_VkO_rpuUX0Sa1Pc22yWigQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_jJ6peAZz0UyAO3sgcYrksg_15_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-49462929</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_y1RDat1NdUusmpNwtaF6wg_15_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-49462929</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_nKDxRfHSQkOqIM8LNbD8YQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_agEVT4aYDE-6uhlFHeNkcQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_GkQx4M1AakyJuG2vAr6L_Q_16_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">37342724</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Nh797S34P0mTSTf0_xkqmA_16_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">37342724</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_aBhdqc9Uu0u7NVlN87XZHA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1184686</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_agEVT4aYDE-6uhlFHeNkcQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_q3u_pa_NEkiNdYPEedXRjg_17_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6460896</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VCLOjkKIrUiwoW_yyxcDcw_17_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6460896</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_79yt6H2Tz0izQesUwHj-NA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1698460</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_agEVT4aYDE-6uhlFHeNkcQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_gLGGp-XimEixunPwEvT5IA_18_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9219276</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_oiX0Ho3AK06FMQzt1G2J4A_18_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9219276</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_mzyutG9yOkeSznoIibR7wQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_djTvyWsiPkOP5v_7X7wb_g_19_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">58219186</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WUBD8F9rZEi6KW3pBUzGYQ_19_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">58219186</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue>
    <niu:ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_jr9cpPqQEEOizyiTuFfy4g"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_plm173j1H0GzW02ogEOfgQ_20_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">580732</niu:ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_jr9cpPqQEEOizyiTuFfy4g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cgr61RS5EUW2Xn_HVUwpAQ_20_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">390</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_mzyutG9yOkeSznoIibR7wQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_jZmGsNzFck6zWYblns0bhQ_20_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2202696</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_2cNQxl9KKUeQCEHzW89AkQ_20_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2203086</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions>
    <us-gaap:SharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_79MAWzEkJ0uQyMrUfyxnHA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_S2QuWSBuCUuulXiejb6OBQ_22_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">154261562</us-gaap:SharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_79MAWzEkJ0uQyMrUfyxnHA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Z4Y26nPltkyivtEwuouzxA_22_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">99744</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_fPHDrkfuo0qY6viwWEKSJw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZedzwbOCUk6DCZmxkRFhbQ_22_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1915825641</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_cRt43KydYEqcP3ZBNXe38g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AlC4PHQvoEauPPC92WPwZw_22_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-16536686</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_mnCMUrjWk0ysd2bZMqC31w"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VFrwvQ75T0W2pVWD1gupGw_22_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-589290822</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_-xEhktcpZkaYGmG41VTHAQ_22_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1310097877</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_ekTN0GaQgU2GPP4iGHnfKg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_t3IeeXz8GkCoSIgLaB6KFg_23_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-271835982</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_E2QSPyMuO06lmVsth2DtUA_23_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-271835982</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_EvtnlGAwOEi_Ul0p6jiAyA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tBZSH1ASIUGZm94dSUhodw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_4NGxSqPB2UiTZcCNh3NfAg_24_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7386368</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lNLLxOzgEEy6OkTllWZk4g_24_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7386368</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_WN36W3e92kWaIggFgz2XxA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3080</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tBZSH1ASIUGZm94dSUhodw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_QZjIBdg39UuwryZcvof6DQ_25_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">17454</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_XN5Y3BzaC0qzGx_UxQ55aw_25_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">17454</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_olQoK0avC0OkGlY-SMlMrA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">64025</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_tBZSH1ASIUGZm94dSUhodw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_sIJ2yDR2LkOC9pMvs8mn5w_26_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">362810</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_np2OODnt1UqISAu6tbIdIA_26_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">362810</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_Qlqy4Fhh802wG7hmzrtUdQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FGXgnYmMv02mJFG7N2HUZg_27_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47659304</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_srrN5lONIEKapjRB0WfPTw_27_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47659304</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue>
    <niu:ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_KzpIQUAsHUeCVVgW4Ek73g"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_8XoNjqar30er5dpwt9qGKw_28_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">855468</niu:ApicShareBasedPaymentArrangementRecognitionAndExerciseShares>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_KzpIQUAsHUeCVVgW4Ek73g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_jH8JMDfP30S_OYSAepa2Xg_28_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">603</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_Qlqy4Fhh802wG7hmzrtUdQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bQGszR3cHkW1o5b9QKQRww_28_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">653420</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_BCbabtcSCkqqyWBzHHoN7Q_28_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">654023</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationAndExerciseOfStockOptions>
    <us-gaap:SharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_5Gca9mf5z0eHEgwfdxlLbg"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_1KSWu12i10CyAQjvM8pkUQ_30_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">155117030</us-gaap:SharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_5Gca9mf5z0eHEgwfdxlLbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NloDpkfN8EK9f1yb6SqJZg_30_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">100347</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_CS5iCpoLXUam6XjydGmhuQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_aERqSBBGWUy0T5bGhI5wHw_30_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1964138365</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_TPH2MohUqUqGaYi3k0W2Pw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WSYlzrz63USaNueoytSZbg_30_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-9495674</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_z1bJW4rYXkCKBMi1xFZ2YQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Fr7XSeGL00GhblW1VVaS_g_30_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-861126804</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_G5Ah0WfSMUOA6R86nI_oBQ_30_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1093616234</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_5Gca9mf5z0eHEgwfdxlLbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_P0ZX8d4rokWdenZZ8GJVqA_31_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">14134</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_CS5iCpoLXUam6XjydGmhuQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PJm1NhZAfkWbRRESex6o5w_31_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">276643103</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_TPH2MohUqUqGaYi3k0W2Pw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7_09M4D1qkuSdZ0LRWzsdg_31_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-1337438</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_z1bJW4rYXkCKBMi1xFZ2YQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ByBWyGgLVkebhYCTuGW1tg_31_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-121287174</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_i0BNV6xdcUqwzvxZI2VaBQ_31_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">154032625</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:ProfitLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AbMPc8F2E0KUvq2OTLCT5Q_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">225820409</us-gaap:ProfitLoss>
    <us-gaap:ProfitLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_L8egm9COsUCBUM0RP994uw_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-49462929</us-gaap:ProfitLoss>
    <us-gaap:ProfitLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lDp514nPY0m9ACfQMWC70Q_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-271835982</us-gaap:ProfitLoss>
    <us-gaap:ProfitLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_g0Hnlmz0WEKOp00HlJNPTA_6_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-38287297</us-gaap:ProfitLoss>
    <niu:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_vBc18G2y_kmeMChZzYrSag_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1272454</niu:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance>
    <niu:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_h62TxKFrOESeLaBHlqazYg_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">25044327</niu:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance>
    <niu:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_da03ovzIRUKpRye1tYVc7g_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">139445017</niu:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance>
    <niu:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_tatzjxPiXEKglywZrqUZuQ_8_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">19640420</niu:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAdditionsToExpenseAndWriteOffOfAllowance>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_jtNSuRvIGU6DYctOG9js8Q_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47218156</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_rSgkCLrJOEGsRzEVTCbD9w_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">58219186</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_EcYJglZ02EGqTbQAtBA4qw_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47659304</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_oVRhpNUV9UCQ1pVf3Ux07g_9_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">6712673</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FH2eas8d6kK-XiaHkAAInw_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">95473048</us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_s_id41DK2EKN55lQd0R9Og_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">142711409</us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_vTbss3Xp-0aT_FDzHY7hgQ_10_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">148064759</us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7255fwb0CUqDd_h1Vu_tJw_10_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">20854485</us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_aPZCmEVpqUmB85LRo3REuQ_11_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10730213</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_8pg0arVCKkqQg2Sr7-mXnA_11_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8525547</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_K07RCbCX8kKMO9ApW6MD4A_11_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8303344</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ixDh2x0E0EyKGYiGFtn5ew_11_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">1169502</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseImpairmentLoss>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_hXiW-BcVukGKm2I67IWpxQ_12_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">21167575</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_8Jv3s9bEk0qEhbuQMkBDJQ_12_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10917736</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_c4hw_vsmuki-7kmU6WyaIg_12_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1426370</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7u8ZD00tJkKmAAymRMi7wQ_12_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">200900</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ObG_7QN-_U2iLO1TaTYVnQ_13_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-1882626</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_D-XcHySwAUi1kUc0e5skRQ_13_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7508084</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_wki_yEK0wECKqEZlNnoKTA_13_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4557547</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kDvdIWDflEOChFS_NlDDUA_13_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">641917</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossUnrealized>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_OBuHTsGNGE24SDZh2Ha0uA_14_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4321601</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_h90s5ut14U66AOdH7bKhVQ_14_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-6079533</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_MKPfA3S_XESJ_eXfwTZEHw_14_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-10952309</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Sr2jPzQ9ZEqkgAQSKdzzEA_14_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-1542600</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Fdk6G_Q7nEGIw_2YkmZCXw_15_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-235581</us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_pvgFTd6rcE6CKM1GxjTMDQ_15_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-478457</us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Prjlq7CBKUCoxyTdkFFg0Q_15_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-22077</us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_yogvCGhBWE6mQY49j4DK-w_15_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-3109</us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment>
    <us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_vGqaZvASPUmahjIwRd_uoQ_16_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3679669</us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown>
    <us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_33S32hYba0SFQI6e6K4dDA_16_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8991793</us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown>
    <us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_muxVEH940Ua36d75CCUbQg_16_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">21681652</us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown>
    <us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_M0pMhianYUGuUuMPXOKUVQ_16_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">3053797</us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_g5j4v1uPikuP_Fhol4EXCA_18_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">168520346</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cUmj-jcr2k-8bOVl5h_2Ig_18_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">56145868</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TbDuoRGLtUqqpS8wRZC9WA_18_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-65371286</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lq_I76q-zkiy9n0cqTLwJQ_18_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-9207353</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HgfSlZqIgkyZWaU-DKnazw_19_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">131185130</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Ds02-vMc80WrkQ5RdfkWvQ_19_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">156107463</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_RujvQhqHzk-6fmwLFU7YEA_19_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-2627537</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FnuPUyI4MUuqMLe-5ulFmg_19_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-370081</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zaQd6D6yIUOKUczaBHU_Ig_20_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">24763588</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_usfVC0X1fkuYxQv4DxUBIg_20_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">125888562</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_IMki44lnA0WXV1Mptnfbbw_20_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5062337</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uX1wE_gOHEm0f5Bufjhcpg_20_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">713015</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_t37PjctsDUy_Cvae8QFbBg_21_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-1520050</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3mO9IfkLpE63lgMj6hJGWQ_21_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1834238</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc__83zkxM4M0S6An6XzeXA5A_21_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-6269554</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_06K7lOf67kmf6XHEttTzXQ_21_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-883048</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7IaG6jWFaUS0q7T_6h5jfQ_22_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">286726602</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_V-NWEjqK_0uJpH6xjoVGoA_22_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">93747996</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_QzpKZww460yX7S_6KHVR8w_22_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-33303059</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kXmt5SZAhkKEM0OL8aH_Dw_22_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-4690638</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable>
    <niu:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_6zG5bAegvUi78guwLj5wNw_23_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-22764635</niu:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers>
    <niu:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_xBB1I3dgbE2Mbe1LMh3mfw_23_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7545887</niu:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers>
    <niu:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_5TtJ59Mt6UO03ku9SFn7HA_23_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-5657752</niu:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers>
    <niu:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WqRZFRjilUKFMM3lmNwL9g_23_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-796878</niu:IncreaseDecreaseInAdvancesFromCustomers>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_DUkzSZhjYEWpV1DYq0pTAA_24_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">18119340</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_GIKxLdwOmkWWYI6ytU0r4w_24_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5517801</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_DIZ8Y-nXSkacm-ZhNAHlyw_24_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5953975</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7YzcuCiUCUaFDUjT0vW9eg_24_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">838600</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_N55NnHLFXEqstZkFADu2AQ_25_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-4374815</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PdS10cWIREq71tVXnRo46w_25_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-9365449</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Y_2TUF8xtEKSoeAPr3O9IQ_25_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-1280068</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7za5GMUY4USmR98sCal8nw_25_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-180294</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_vP_OWRMLJ0-BzLQpEwd-3A_26_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13349602</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_DxcxUQ1ahk6rgo5Oe2_H3A_26_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-13340152</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_GqE2fBZ0CUOG1r2NLOMl8g_26_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-1878921</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_jMEBL467E0q7MAUlHrqbag_27_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3046431</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ntaGlRj-3EmDOQLjKe7m5w_27_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-15703460</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_XWPCE1PyZUapHWqTKiH5wg_27_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-540152</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_D6Lsmz8kaEaQLv0sTrAV1g_27_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-76079</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HWAoRib42ESzbX1t1yNdNw_28_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">15256165</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_pO-dHYjWCUCUsuqp3kRprQ_28_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-13056147</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kQVKoRQtmUKFmgAzlqkiaQ_28_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-21922192</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FTXqtkC6ikKBO31OolLQjw_28_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-3087676</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities>
    <niu:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uTKe9rxAzkGMXESl4Mr5tQ_29_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8351554</niu:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities>
    <niu:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uoMD069pGkWbIz8553In4A_29_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7219675</niu:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities>
    <niu:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ac2vrNRjSkOfWWDCgo3NaA_29_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8465797</niu:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities>
    <niu:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CVJVXtWq7U6frmdpWKLXZw_29_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">1192383</niu:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeasesLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iB-sM3YQ4Um5vSFlIlkLug_30_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">334174702</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_g1JmnTG_4k-8wsPz2XjeDA_30_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-121856343</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_LkBsDdbhJEOEvZY44YyFlg_30_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">93735092</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ctrzZNm2gUiK0tUfLtrVIg_30_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">13202312</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iJoGwyoT-E-okeShPKaPug_33_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">285745233</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_UIlcpR6LWkGKydNxlFtONw_33_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">135349387</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_eRGWXBpZRU-L1h3hbmIdhA_33_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">78934562</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NhoPh0JwqEmG0gpF8qf-bw_33_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">11117701</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <niu:PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_xYq78qbzx0af-YKfJ-I0xw_34_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">357162950</niu:PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits>
    <niu:PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_8znsSaBSMUqsz8GOKwTfXg_34_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">635470550</niu:PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits>
    <niu:PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_l3n-qQr98EmPFVda3bZVqg_34_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">379419347</niu:PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits>
    <niu:PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_19pKuT4xkUyYSFpHvVETBA_34_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">53440096</niu:PaymentsToAcquireTermDeposits>
    <niu:ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ijB-IXKIikGqlp6ubyF3JA_35_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">353295700</niu:ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits>
    <niu:ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Oid5zHHAlE6vbwR-kLsrwA_35_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">551794100</niu:ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits>
    <niu:ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cS7AnrvZaEuojFkDUWf_dg_35_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">513238247</niu:ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits>
    <niu:ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_E8MsLws-D0G62FcfEqd6qw_35_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">72288095</niu:ProceedsFromMaturityRedemptionOfTermDeposits>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_qLuplS8mEEiIsReMERfPKQ_36_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6032000000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc__fE8PmLTm0u_iXs_xCJN7Q_36_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2593000000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_IXiv3nqMNUabo7lDMtT7CA_36_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">420000000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_EaaPAasI-UKmkiGJRJIeIw_36_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">59155763</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_v5mKVaLtN0CUoeIoaVpwBA_37_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6027167575</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_JzKvbLRue0ui5NqymJaVDQ_37_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3213917736</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cY78pcXbaESa2j-0-o5H6w_37_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">581426370</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ugCxT91BME6dSL0hhieDDw_37_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">81892191</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_XMCRi580O0apD8yv8UFOZw_38_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4000000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CgwLlV7LV0KXU4JA2g5LFQ_39_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">614066</us-gaap:PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Dq24n6vTXkynRoV1lUR35w_40_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-295058974</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CSNwaPSjWUCzUo-B3yaZxQ_40_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">397891899</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_o9BodYdC1ESi1nWAs5A9qQ_40_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">216310708</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zTC2HrnP602YThNgtXELTw_40_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">30466726</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_830pHe3uc0KKpZTGIqb9EQ_43_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6246384</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_v7_Ies4Laku_epmW7c_XDw_43_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2203086</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_k_PURHzHtE6VLy030cdqtg_43_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">654023</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_jbuAVGJss0Supcgx1mXvjw_43_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">92117</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromBankDebt
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_b8CJRkEQgEKofgNqTLQWZQ_44_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">340000000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromBankDebt>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromBankDebt
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Q87Xd1E-pUOrT1Gi4jX63Q_44_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">340000000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromBankDebt>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromBankDebt
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lhSyjntnnEKrzCu7ragvFA_44_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">100000000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromBankDebt>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromBankDebt
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cIyuu6SaLEye2oA0cAl9PQ_44_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">14084705</us-gaap:ProceedsFromBankDebt>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfBankDebt
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ApscTN27-Eyc82VIZTe7Yg_45_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">340000000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfBankDebt>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfBankDebt
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Z4-VriBgyEGj1Z41gaA3MA_45_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">360000000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfBankDebt>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfBankDebt
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_-dLoelVtI0qsFMSkEaLfgQ_45_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160000000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfBankDebt>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfBankDebt
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3uir7v3O1Ui1TbsbjyQxqw_45_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">22535528</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfBankDebt>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_v_mW8IirPUKjesnxI_R4aw_46_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6246384</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_fZYxpnhn_U6clnQnyXaY4A_46_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-17796914</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FP4qdIrol0iGVTUpyZT0Ww_46_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-59345977</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_eYfInyZr8E6ijiNW2vPhcA_46_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">-8358706</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
    <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_G-GuLZYnAkut4Z2ORTaNFg_47_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-8490370</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations>
    <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3b_IYAXPykeNe0LfGB2g4Q_47_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">30043572</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations>
    <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_k9SXY_-LTUmT6bQRViUE-g_47_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8913200</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations>
    <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_nV-R-bdn8UiV3JCB8DosDw_47_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">1255398</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_01X3Yzywvk2rZUr1ilsOPA_48_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">36871742</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_0Xq3OGH5KEWSaTze2RFDeQ_48_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">288282214</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HDc6pzyfrkqLbOXQ_CPqow_48_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">259613023</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dURzp5E8PUKVyMeNHj-yEQ_48_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">36565730</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bo-bgSUGzESoONzhEAEzsw_49_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">395473214</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CgypgQF-LkyCl_CMoj2FAg_49_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">432344956</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dv-jD7SS3ku_iPk9W4Tb0Q_49_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">720627170</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_DHsm56TAzEKQUyD-oeISlg_49_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">101498214</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7vIdVsJyX0OPaB3HExiQcw_50_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">432344956</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_xtVSa6ZlF0SIcUvr9R7w9A_50_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">720627170</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc__p7mkP-k1Uy0uv2GTl9kEQ_50_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">980240193</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_eyoXP3W6-EqLPPQ3BwrZHg_50_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">138063944</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:InterestPaidNet
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dcA_vrBl8kaaRFYf6IhCUg_54_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6346189</us-gaap:InterestPaidNet>
    <us-gaap:InterestPaidNet
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ezrO8ieQqUCCCkQjTVrtsA_54_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5711056</us-gaap:InterestPaidNet>
    <us-gaap:InterestPaidNet
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_jkDqNn3aAE-M6lteOi_8OA_54_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1616253</us-gaap:InterestPaidNet>
    <us-gaap:InterestPaidNet
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uMRCnhoUe0ay0CGf0trB1g_54_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">227645</us-gaap:InterestPaidNet>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Ph31y9hfjEid8nSV2b6A_w_55_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">39668576</us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_2Ta4bt-5e0GU03YUwvAAow_55_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13374909</us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1PsYTCCZ90SgAhYelN4syw_55_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1066182</us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_jctjh4t_lkWQWqoXq280VA_55_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">150169</us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaidNet>
    <us-gaap:CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_5ljQ_a8x7EmRAmj5PmSNXQ_56_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11279464</us-gaap:CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid>
    <us-gaap:CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_YN_kbMwf3UObdi_W8iGq7g_56_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7522480</us-gaap:CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid>
    <us-gaap:CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_DKMgx9j0NU6D1bkiEHfOTw_56_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13441923</us-gaap:CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid>
    <us-gaap:CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_s87kjYBEn0eIvZtJRXXEnQ_56_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">1893255</us-gaap:CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid>
    <us-gaap:NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_KgnRpvIEUkCD7Zcr4LGQRQ_57_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3000000</us-gaap:NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionInvestmentsAcquired1>
    <us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_8o6I7-kcGEulHguuz-ZEPg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;1. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Organization and principal activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Niu Technologies (&#x201c;the Company&#x201d;), through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, consolidated variable interest entity (&#x201c;VIE&#x201d;) and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries (collectively referred to as &#x201c;the Group&#x201d;), is principally engaged in designing, manufacturing and selling of electric scooters and its accessories and spare parts under the brand name of &#x201c;NIU&#x201d;. The Group&#x2019;s principal operations and geographic markets are primarily in the People&#x2019;s Republic of China (&#x201c;PRC&#x201d;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The VIE arrangements&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group operates its online business in the PRC through Beijing Niudian Technologies&#160;Co.,&#160;Ltd. (&#x201c;Beijing Niudian&#x201d;, or the &#x201c;VIE&#x201d;), a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC on September&#160;18, 2014. Beijing Niudian holds the necessary PRC operating licenses for the online business. The equity interests of Beijing Niudian are legally held by individuals who act as nominee equity holders of the VIE on behalf of Beijing Niudian Information Technology&#160;Co.,&#160;Ltd. (&#x201c;Niudian Information&#x201d;), the Company&#x2019;s wholly-owned subsidiary. A series of contractual agreements, including Powers of Attorney, Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, Equity Pledge Agreement, Exclusive Option Agreement and Spousal Consent Letters (collectively, the &#x201c;VIE Agreements&#x201d;), were entered among the Company, Niudian Information, Beijing Niudian and its nominee equity holders on May&#160;27, 2015 and were subsequently amended to include registration of the Equity Pledge Agreement with the relevant registration authority on June&#160;11,&#160;2018, amended when an equity holder transferred certain equity interests to another equity holder on July&#160;20, 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The contractual agreements were further amended when two equity holders transferred certain equity interests to another equity holder on March 10, 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Pursuant to the VIE Agreements, the Company is able to exercise effective control over, bears the risks of, enjoys substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIE, and has an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in the VIE when and to the extent permitted by PRC law at the lowest price possible. The Company&#x2019;s management concluded that Beijing Niudian is a VIE and the Company is its primary beneficiary. As such, the consolidated financial statements of the VIE are included in the consolidated financial statements of the&#160;Company.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The principal terms of the VIE Agreements are further described below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"&gt;1)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Powers of Attorney&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company and each of the equity holders of Beijing Niudian entered into Powers of Attorney. Pursuant to the Powers of Attorney, the equity holders of Beijing Niudian irrevocably appointed the Company as their attorney-in-fact to exercise all equity holder rights, including, but not limited to, convening and attending in the equity holders&#x2019; meeting, appointing or removing directors, executive officers and senior management, disposing of all or part of the equity holder&#x2019;s interests in Beijing Niudian, casting equity holder&#x2019;s vote on matters requiring equity holders&#x2019; approval and doing all other acts in the capacity of equity holder as permitted by Beijing Niudian&#x2019;s Memorandum and Articles of Association. In addition, the Company has a right to assign its rights and benefits under the Powers of Attorney to any other parties without an advance notice to the equity holders of Beijing Niudian. The Powers of Attorney shall continue in force and be irrevocable as long as the equity holders of Beijing Niudian remain as the equity holders of Beijing Niudian.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"&gt;2)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Niudian Information and Beijing Niudian entered into an Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, whereby Niudian Information is appointed as the exclusive service provider for the provision of business support, technology and consulting services to Beijing Niudian. Unless a written consent is given by Niudian Information, Beijing Niudian is not allowed to engage a third party to provide such services, while Niudian Information is able to designate another party to render such services to Beijing Niudian. Beijing Niudian shall pay Niudian Information on a&#160;monthly basis a service fee, which shall equal to 100% of the&#160;monthly net profits of Beijing Niudian, and Niudian Information has the sole discretion to adjust the basis of calculation of the service fee amount according to service provided to Beijing Niudian. Niudian Information owns the exclusive intellectual property rights, whether created by Niudian Information or Beijing Niudian, as a result of the performance of the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement unless terminated in writing by Niudian Information. The Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement will be in effect until September&#160;17, 2044 which represents the end of operation term of Beijing Niudian.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"&gt;3)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Equity Pledge Agreement&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;An Equity Pledge Agreement was entered into by and among Niudian Information, Beijing Niudian and equity holders of Beijing Niudian. To guarantee payment from Beijing Niudian, including but not limited to the service fee pursuant to the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, and the performance of Beijing Niudian and the nominee equity holders&#x2019; obligations under the contractual arrangements including the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, Exclusive Option Agreement and Powers of Attorney, the equity holders of Beijing Niudian pledged their respective equity in Niudian Information under the Equity Pledge Agreement to Niudian Information as collateral. In the event Beijing Niudian fails to pay Niudian Information its service fee, Niudian Information will have the right to sell the pledged equity and apply the proceeds received to pay any outstanding service fees due by Beijing Niudian to Niudian Information. The equity holders of Beijing Niudian agree that, during the term of the Equity Pledge Agreement, they will not dispose of the pledged equity or create or allow any encumbrance on the pledged equity, and they also agree that Niudian Information&#x2019;s rights relating to the equity pledges shall not be prejudiced by any legal actions of the equity holders of Beijing Niudian, their successors or their designees. The equity pledges have been registered with the relevant registration authority and became effective and enforceable since registration. The Equity Pledge Agreement may only be terminated upon the fulfillment of all contractual obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, Exclusive Option Agreement and Powers of Attorney. During the term of the Equity Pledge Agreement, Niudian Information is entitled to receive dividends attributable to the pledged Beijing Niudian equity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"&gt;4)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Exclusive Option Agreement&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Each of the equity holders of Beijing Niudian entered into an Exclusive Option Agreement with the Company, Niudian Information, and Beijing Niudian, pursuant to which the equity holders of Beijing Niudian granted the Company, and Niudian Information or other person upon the designation by the Company, an irrevocable and exclusive option to purchase, at its discretion and to the extent permitted under the PRC law, all or part of the equity holders&#x2019; interests in Beijing Niudian at RMB100 or the lowest price that the PRC law permits at the time unless a valuation of the equity is required by the PRC law. The equity holders of Beijing Niudian commit that without the prior written consent of the Company, the equity holders of Beijing Niudian will not, among other things, (i)&#160;create any pledge or encumbrance on their equity interests in Beijing Niudian, (ii)&#160;transfer or otherwise dispose of their equity interests in Beijing Niudian, (iii)&#160;change Beijing Niudian&#x2019;s registered capital, (iv)&#160;amend Beijing Niudian&#x2019;s articles of association, (v)&#160;dispose of Beijing Niudian&#x2019;s material assets or enter into any material contract with a value of over RMB100,000 (except in the ordinary course of business), or (vi)&#160;merge Beijing Niudian with any other entity. In addition, Beijing Niudian undertakes that, without the Company&#x2019;s prior written consent, it will not, among other things, create any pledge or encumbrance on any of its assets, or transfer or otherwise dispose of its material assets (except in the ordinary course of business). Beijing Niudian and its equity holders shall appoint those individuals recommended by the Company as directors of Beijing Niudian. Beijing Niudian shall provide operating and financial information to the Company at the request of the Company and ensure the continuance of the business. The Exclusive Option Agreement will remain effective until all equity interests in Beijing Niudian held by its equity holders are transferred or assigned to the Company or its designee. Beijing Niudian and its equity holders shall not have any right to terminate the Exclusive Option Agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"&gt;5)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Spousal Consent Letters&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The spouses of each of nominee equity holders signed Spousal Consent Letters to consent that the equity interests in Beijing Niudian held by and registered in the name of the respective nominee equity holders will be disposed of pursuant to the VIE Agreements. These spouses agreed not to assert any rights over the equity interest in Beijing Niudian held by their spouses. In addition, in the event that the spouses obtain any equity interests in Beijing Niudian held by their spouses for any reason, they agreed to be bound by the VIE&#160;Agreements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Risks in relation to the VIE structure&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Based on the opinion of the Company&#x2019;s PRC legal counsel, the management believes the VIE Agreements have resulted in the Company having the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the VIE, including appointing key management, setting up operating policies, exerting financial controls and transferring profit or assets out of the VIE at its discretion. The Company considers that it has the right to receive all the benefits and assets of the VIE. As the VIE was established as a limited liability company under the PRC law, its creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for the liabilities of the VIE, and the Company does not have the obligation to assume the liabilities of the&#160;VIE.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company has determined that the VIE Agreements are in compliance with PRC laws and are legally enforceable. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit the Company&#x2019;s ability to enforce the VIE Agreements; and if the equity holders of the VIE were to reduce their interest in the Company, their interests may diverge from that of the Company and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the contractual terms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s ability to control the VIE also depends on the rights provided to the Company under the Powers of Attorney to vote on all matters requiring equity holders&#x2019; approval in the respective VIE. As noted above, the Company believes these Powers of Attorney are legally enforceable but yet they may not be as effective as direct equity ownership. In addition, if the corporate structure of the Group or the contractual arrangements between the Company, Niudian Information, the VIE and its respective equity holders were found to be in violation of any existing PRC laws and regulations, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities could:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;revoke the business license and/or operating licenses of such entities;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;discontinue or place restrictions or onerous conditions on the Group&#x2019;s operations;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;impose fines, confiscate the income from the VIE, or impose other requirements with which the Group may not be able to comply;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;require the Group to restructure its ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements with the VIE and deregistering the equity pledges of the VIE, which in turn would affect the Company&#x2019;s ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from, or exert effective control over the VIE; or&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;restrict or prohibit our use of the proceeds of this offering to finance our business and operations in China.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top:10pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The imposition of any of the above restrictions or actions may result in a material and adverse effect on the Group&#x2019;s ability to conduct its business. In addition, if the imposition of any of these restrictions causes the Company to lose the right to direct the activities of the VIE or the right to receive its economic benefits, the Company would no longer be able to consolidate the VIE. The Company&#x2019;s management believes that the likelihood to lose the Company&#x2019;s current ownership structure or the contractual arrangements with the VIE is remote based on the current facts and circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;There is no VIE in which the Company has a variable interest but is not the primary beneficiary. Currently there is no contractual arrangement that could require the Company to provide additional financial support to the&#160;VIE.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The following consolidated assets and liabilities information of the Group&#x2019;s VIE as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, and consolidated revenues, net income (loss) and cash flow information for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2022, 2022 and 2023, have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. All intercompany transactions and balances with the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.01%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 493,570,803&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 620,484,535&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Term deposits-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,229,605&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 145,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 160,406,301&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 298,732,239&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 91,975,054&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Inventories&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 411,954,893&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 386,966,973&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Prepayments and other current assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 187,576,865&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 177,957,171&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Amounts due from inter-companies&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 24,251,018&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 44,220,970&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,582,721,724&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,341,749,703&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Term deposits-non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Property, plant and equipment, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 394,621,585&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 321,213,398&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Intangible assets, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,317,785&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,102,870&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Operating lease right-of-use assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 86,597,121&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 76,821,285&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred income tax assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,132,499&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,747,021&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Other non-current assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,677,414&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,720,608&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 2,097,068,128&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,768,354,885&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term bank borrowings&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 160,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Notes payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 316,832,113&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 167,282,688&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accounts payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 459,406,790&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 575,235,413&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Amounts due to inter-companies&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 476,120,909&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 467,282,009&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Income taxes payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,501,992&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,195,114&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Advances from customers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 23,522,149&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,399,926&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred revenue&#x2014;current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 37,539,733&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 41,755,097&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 175,352,229&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 151,286,008&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total current liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,650,275,915&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,520,436,255&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred revenue-non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,429,500&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,168,111&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred income tax liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,398,279&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,362,494&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Operating lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,569,128&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 280,421&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Other non-current liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,441,382&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,968,519&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,684,114,204&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,545,215,800&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:15.85pt;text-indent:-15.85pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,768,134,434&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,187,989,945&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,645,570,002&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net income (loss)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 213,848,471&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (9,347,980)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (236,441,380)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 354,675,219&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (74,417,318)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 93,727,586&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (329,808,349)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 455,930,283&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 82,502,334&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net cash used in financing activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (20,000,000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (60,000,000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (422,991)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,993,970&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,599,207&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net increase in cash and restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 24,443,879&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 369,506,935&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 120,829,127&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash and restricted cash at the beginning of the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 105,849,594&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 130,293,473&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 499,800,408&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash and restricted cash at the end of the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 130,293,473&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 499,800,408&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 620,629,535&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The unrecognized revenue-producing assets that are held by the VIE primarily consist of ICP License, Production License for National Industrial Products, trademarks, patents, know-how and customer relationships. None of the assets of the VIE can be used only to settle obligations of the VIE. None of the assets of the VIE and its subsidiaries has been pledged or collateralized, except for the restricted cash as of December 31, 2022. The creditors of the VIE and its subsidiaries do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company or its consolidated subsidiaries, except for the restricted cash of the Company which was pledged as collateral for the short -term bank borrowings.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock>
    <niu:PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Narr_dvD-H3PRYU-59INbi5VRiA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">1</niu:PercentageOfMonthlyNetProfitsUnderExclusiveBusinessCooperationAgreement>
    <niu:MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_9-GnCfum9E6mSfVWz5-PVQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">100</niu:MaximumEquityInterestsPermittedUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement>
    <niu:MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_iI9-YE-N6USDvpY5w-4zww"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">100000</niu:MinimumValueOfMaterialAssetsForDispositionsUnderExclusiveOptionAgreement>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_dxhotTbbwkyINpHRoYsP1Q">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.01%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 493,570,803&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 620,484,535&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Term deposits-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,229,605&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 145,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 160,406,301&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 298,732,239&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 91,975,054&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Inventories&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 411,954,893&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 386,966,973&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Prepayments and other current assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 187,576,865&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 177,957,171&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Amounts due from inter-companies&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 24,251,018&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 44,220,970&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,582,721,724&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,341,749,703&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Term deposits-non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Property, plant and equipment, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 394,621,585&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 321,213,398&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Intangible assets, net&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,317,785&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,102,870&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Operating lease right-of-use assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 86,597,121&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 76,821,285&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred income tax assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,132,499&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,747,021&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Other non-current assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,677,414&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,720,608&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 2,097,068,128&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,768,354,885&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term bank borrowings&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 160,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Notes payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 316,832,113&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 167,282,688&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accounts payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 459,406,790&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 575,235,413&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Amounts due to inter-companies&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 476,120,909&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 467,282,009&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Income taxes payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,501,992&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,195,114&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Advances from customers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 23,522,149&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,399,926&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred revenue&#x2014;current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 37,539,733&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 41,755,097&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 175,352,229&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 151,286,008&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total current liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,650,275,915&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,520,436,255&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred revenue-non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,429,500&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,168,111&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred income tax liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,398,279&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,362,494&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Operating lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,569,128&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 280,421&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Other non-current liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,441,382&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,968,519&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:67.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,684,114,204&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:14.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,545,215,800&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:15.85pt;text-indent:-15.85pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,768,134,434&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,187,989,945&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,645,570,002&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net income (loss)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 213,848,471&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (9,347,980)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (236,441,380)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 354,675,219&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (74,417,318)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 93,727,586&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (329,808,349)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 455,930,283&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 82,502,334&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net cash used in financing activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (20,000,000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (60,000,000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (422,991)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,993,970&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,599,207&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net increase in cash and restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 24,443,879&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 369,506,935&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 120,829,127&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash and restricted cash at the beginning of the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 105,849,594&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 130,293,473&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 499,800,408&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash and restricted cash at the end of the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 130,293,473&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 499,800,408&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 620,629,535&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:Cash
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_OjDTZpsLVkiGnS9KAj5pAw_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">493570803</us-gaap:Cash>
    <us-gaap:Cash
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_eCMtHcVclkeks1ZeM2NBRA_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">620484535</us-gaap:Cash>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CrE98am9VU2Ictml5BhvEw_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20000000</niu:TermDepositsWithBanks>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_gqh9gfbrhUiibH7Y7Jtmtg_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6229605</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lee7FXf0ZEak6Em7vorPiw_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">145000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3A1FT7wgYUWR4z1Z9kEywg_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160406301</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_0zIl3JdeDEKmIXE4es-Rew_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">298732239</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_BaKgTKKsUE2Bi_mJGLzPlA_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">91975054</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:InventoryNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_DzQRRkn3JU6B8WgEiVShMw_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">411954893</us-gaap:InventoryNet>
    <us-gaap:InventoryNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WhiChdIxOE-VDzlEzpp5mA_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">386966973</us-gaap:InventoryNet>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3oH38olHRUSdxiyhfsWaBg_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">187576865</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iPub_jhGNkmXPbozMIEE9g_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">177957171</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <niu:InterCompanyReceivables
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ME2pjZakJkOidekv4cLOmg_11_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">24251018</niu:InterCompanyReceivables>
    <niu:InterCompanyReceivables
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_nhZP08J79UifViEfXRZnMA_11_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">44220970</niu:InterCompanyReceivables>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PziEom2sBkOxTiP_BTU9qg_13_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1582721724</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TynIX0ySN0a3TRsNxgtAFg_13_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1341749703</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iKd5kmBtlEWJWOK14CrH7A_15_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20000000</niu:TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_QsZErOdROU-F8yt3US57PQ_16_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">394621585</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_h-oMRBlMiUKlQAd_3ny6Gg_16_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">321213398</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_KUJt1mENa0mbfVFW7jXFQw_17_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1317785</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_gldIgKAXuEWq-wdA9Nq4lQ_17_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1102870</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_2TnKIyE5lUqB_52n176yeA_18_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">86597121</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ob6FYh7cgE2r9n2_Ns_p3A_18_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">76821285</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_GA-kEeu-aEigTGcqu7wm3Q_19_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6132499</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_hgsSK7BR70enruW6KTBcmw_19_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20747021</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_JwzW5LqeEUGaMbUJ7Gh8Zw_20_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5677414</us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_6sD57O430EaySX20oyRdBQ_20_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6720608</us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PRy-p27iB0-nBS68p_pwlg_22_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2097068128</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uD8_4GX5xkC2iIjAmACXfg_22_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1768354885</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_sji-NyneoEGnGeLBNcogww_24_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160000000</us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_MKFLRVrQ2USLwmDh_r5AVw_24_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">100000000</us-gaap:ShortTermBankLoansAndNotesPayable>
    <us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FGMhWIqNJESxGtfWzDS62Q_25_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">316832113</us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_rNbSUMFjYE6uvFE7ppncxA_25_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">167282688</us-gaap:NotesPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_2cNB-jspdEm0mGd38LV2ew_26_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">459406790</us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_N7ZENBovjE2N1CGrB0jHjg_26_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">575235413</us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent>
    <niu:InterCompanyPayables
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_inACmgrydkybhYqD1Jf-Zw_27_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">476120909</niu:InterCompanyPayables>
    <niu:InterCompanyPayables
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TAxKRY4cIE-K7GlLjcwJLg_27_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">467282009</niu:InterCompanyPayables>
    <us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_2xmjJZQDCUetFed9cQrtSQ_28_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1501992</us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7a9p0f2_l0OQVkH6FQYLOw_28_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1195114</us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent>
    <niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zOBPO6zoSEqsjzHf2i4DhQ_29_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">23522149</niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent>
    <niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_fB7hitev8kGBDD2DxfsQHw_29_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">16399926</niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_LToRbOFskEG8mXfxvGIpXA_30_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">37539733</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc__XVGAlW8QUWMNgMUWIiCWQ_30_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">41755097</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_IUytBphGgUyhR9BnanWFLA_31_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">175352229</niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iPw7XL7UCU2rwbpGknD4EA_31_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">151286008</niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_k7GbROjYCEKdF_Rockxtig_33_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1650275915</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zVwNc6eU6EOLQiF8-5Ajaw_33_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1520436255</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_x7tWm9qXgE-eTcv3YY0CmQ_35_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11429500</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NruGnjnoHUWded9n3086_w_35_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13168111</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1BbPV_hbukuWYBF5NzRHMg_36_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1398279</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_2xxXR4-qX0WOfUwoRPgYBA_36_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2362494</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc__M17yU3s9EGMxUUfE98o1A_37_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7569128</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_qVCalskM_kK_x4jr7gybQg_37_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">280421</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_8RiinrqFDkCpTPALOOOzfA_38_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13441382</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PHEzMK3HjU2RKduQWSl1mg_38_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8968519</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:Liabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_yzi2luS2lEGk6taLzdDx1g_40_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1684114204</us-gaap:Liabilities>
    <us-gaap:Liabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_tPZCOjUGIEisMOg-bt99FA_40_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1545215800</us-gaap:Liabilities>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_xaFTPBP8PEKHWTF05DK3Bg_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3768134434</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_SuexOfiXgUOVKs6b0VtE7w_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3187989945</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_s-Qqof3Tf0K7XWHazXTN6A_4_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2645570002</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AKIYIVQ_6EuI9WZ5ApWU-A_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">213848471</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_RZBK67OIjUmF8A2BuOBWMw_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-9347980</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CiPqOl5c3EmfGp60xa7TOw_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-236441380</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_G4lxFCoTlkqrCzl7Oh3Ouw_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">354675219</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_u5WgDzDs9k2Qu3TfeA9alw_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-74417318</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_8bQ5GtGMhEOEWZRfWurahA_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">93727586</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_52Y_FuatdU-I0Ehcndj-eQ_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-329808349</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_8W_J3X2EW0uNQoHE8XruTA_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">455930283</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_qfVZLpwqcUeoeDca-lLw2Q_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">82502334</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Xf3mRenS_UetQdHQzDrZOw_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-20000000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HDh81exhX0iBA52kLhKmOA_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-60000000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
    <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Ru-6YuU9qEG878rSuzkUBQ_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-422991</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations>
    <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uCppdyWHEUC9zvpEt3c1Qg_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7993970</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations>
    <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_QO0iNWBcFkSFiIizexoS9Q_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4599207</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_sBRuFtn_e0iqCyjCkJZUgA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Xip9AeQkMEWDy64Y2tXBxg_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">24443879</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_RxnXhvGHq06UyfWaISoyIQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_O-GjKauAWUuRAr485ShG4A_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">369506935</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_UGiJuLfJCUmap_exsjYwbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Fc2Gti-cfEy1_2_X79nRNQ_10_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">120829127</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_h5_oHA6b7EmUNNGjd-U0DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_xzzIbH3hw0W5f4JMoefVRg_11_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">105849594</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_ja-mpkvW0E6KBisRUh5P8Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_KRawHSd9H02OphMvgOmzmQ_11_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">130293473</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_GOVhcqPah0eCCY3IbTnAbQ_11_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">499800408</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_ja-mpkvW0E6KBisRUh5P8Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_C7rMtCpQK0m5h5YHdsbbIQ_12_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">130293473</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_EKzoLGRQ8kS8oxqsleQRbg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_95QkWnlI50OIneLTolofCA_12_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">499800408</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_l0WRqN5FfUqPy55DStB8ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dEXioeD8X0S30h4OfkWlxA_12_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">620629535</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_DgU4cqsYskShAJ0O0g45xg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of presentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United&#160;States of America (&#x201c;U.S.&#160;GAAP&#x201d;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;Principles of consolidation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with U.S.&#160;GAAP. The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE for which the Company or its subsidiary is the primary beneficiary, and the VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Subsidiaries are those entities in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting power or has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of directors. A VIE is an entity in which the Company, or its subsidiary, through contractual arrangements, exercises effective control over the activities that most impact the economic performance, bears the risks of, and enjoys the rewards normally associated with ownership of the entity, and therefore the Company or its subsidiary is the primary beneficiary of the&#160;entity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;All intercompany transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE and the VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;Use of estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S.&#160;GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reported period in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates include, but not limited to, depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, the realization of deferred income tax assets, future warranty expenses, current expected credit loss and discount rate for operating leases. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revising estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and as such, differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;Convenience translation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Translations of balances in the consolidated financial statements from RMB into US$ as of and for the&#160;year ended December 31, 2023 are solely for the convenience of the readers and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB7.0999, representing the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers of RMB as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 29, 2023. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 29, 2023, or at any other rate. The US$ convenience translation is not required under U.S. GAAP and all US$convenience translation amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;Commitments and contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;In the normal course of business, the Group is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, shareholder lawsuits, and non-income tax matters. An accrual for a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is&#160;disclosed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:normal;"&gt;Cash consists of cash on hand and cash at bank. Cash equivalents represent term deposits with original maturities of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:normal;"&gt;three months&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:normal;"&gt; or less, which are readily convertible to known amounts of cash. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited in financial institutions at the following locations:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in EUR&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,986,595&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,233,516&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in RMB&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 278,917,866&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 334,796,621&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in GPB&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 244,790&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 504,471&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 220,296,524&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 499,117,291&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at mainland PRC financial institutions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 505,445,775&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 852,651,899&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Financial institutions in the United States&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,087,973&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 691,290&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash balances held at United States financial institutions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 10,087,973&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 691,290&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Financial institutions in the Hong Kong S.A.R.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in HKD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 78,206&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 79,213&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,631,590&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,477,109&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash balances held at Hong Kong S.A.R. financial institutions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 14,709,796&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 11,556,322&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash balances held at financial institutions in other locations&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,453,514&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 7,203,416&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 533,697,058&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 872,102,927&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(g)&#160;&#160;Term deposits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:normal;"&gt;Term deposits include current and non-current term deposits. Current term deposits represent deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than three months but less than one year. Non-current term deposits represent deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than one year. Term deposits are presented in the following table:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in RMB&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 208,589,770&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 77,555,565&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total term deposits held&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 228,589,770&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 97,555,565&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Term deposits&#x2014;current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 208,589,770&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 97,555,565&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Term deposits&#x2014;non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(h)&#160;&#160;&#160;Restricted cash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Restricted cash is an amount of cash deposited with banks primarily in conjunction with borrowings from banks and notes payable. Restriction on the use of such cash and the interest earned thereon is imposed by the banks and remains effective throughout the terms of the bank borrowings and notes payable. Restricted cash is classified as current asset on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets, as all the balance are expected to be released to cash within the next twelve months from December 31, 2023. The Group&#x2019;s restricted cash are denominated in RMB and USD and are deposited at financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 534,286,849&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 872,573,460&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 186,340,321&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 107,666,733&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 720,627,170&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 980,240,193&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;Short-term investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s short-term investments represent the Group&#x2019;s investments in financial products managed by financial institutions in the PRC which are redeemable at the option of the Group on any working day or have the original maturities of less than twelve months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group classified the short-term investments, with aggregate amounts of RMB6,032,000,000 and RMB2,593,000,000 purchased for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively, as available-for-sale securities and are reported at fair value. Unrealized holding gains or losses, net of the related tax effect, on available-for-sale securities were excluded from earnings and recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. Realized gains or losses from the sale of short-term investments are determined on a specific identification basis and are recorded as investment income when earned.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group purchased short-term investments with aggregate amounts of RMB420,000,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, and elected the fair value option at the date of initial recognition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (&#x201c;ASC&#x201d;) Topic 825, &lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Financial Instruments,&lt;/i&gt; (&#x201c;ASC 825), as the Group believes this approach can better reflect the economics of its investment interest. Changes in the fair value of these investments in the amount of RMB1,426,370 for the year ended December 31, 2023 were reflected on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) as investment income. Fair value is estimated based on quoted prices provided by financial institutions at the end of each reporting period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(j)&#160;&#160;&#160;Inventories&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Cost of work-in-process and finished goods comprise direct materials, direct production costs and an allocation of production overheads based on normal operating capacity. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased. Inventory is written down for damaged and slow-moving goods, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand. When appropriate, write downs to inventory are recorded to write down the cost of inventories to their net realizable value.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(k)&#160;&#160;&#160;Property, plant and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recorded impairment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.32;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Costs incurred in the construction of property, plant and equipment, including down payments and progress payments, are initially capitalized as construction in progress and transferred into their respective asset categories when the assets are ready for their intended use, at which time depreciation commences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The estimated useful lives are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Estimated useful lives&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Building&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;50 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Machinery and equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Z7G7NzI6vEaUSjcHx9VtrQ;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - 10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Furniture&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Nc2zRlK-6EWAcMIP63pLsw;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - 5 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Leasehold improvements&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;The shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining lease term&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Office and electronic equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_CLqBnDxKQUCwGuCoEtTZVg;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - 5 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Motor vehicles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;3 - 4 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the&#160;assets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Depreciation of property, plant and equipment attributable to manufacturing activities is capitalized as part of inventories, and recognized as cost of revenues when the inventory is&#160;sold.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;When items are retired or otherwise disposed of, income is charged or credited for the difference between net book value and the proceeds received thereon. Ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and replacements and betterments are capitalized and amortized over the remaining useful&#160;life.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(l)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Intangible assets, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life on straight-line basis and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible assets may be&#160;impaired.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(m)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;&#160;&#160;Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group adopted ASC Topic 842, &lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Leases&lt;/i&gt; (&#x201c;ASC 842&#x201d;) as of January 1, 2021, and elected the package of practical expedients that not to reassess:(1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. The Group also elected the practical expedient of the short-term lease exemption for contracts with lease terms of twelve months or less. The Group categorizes leases with contractual terms longer than twelve months as either operating or finance lease. However, the Group has no finance leases for any of the periods presented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at lease inception. For operating leases, the Group recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term, reduced by lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs, using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. Variable lease payments not dependent on an index or rate are excluded from the right-of-use asset and lease liability calculations and are recognized in expense in the period which the obligation for those payments is incurred. As the rate implicit in the Group&#x2019;s lease is not typically readily available, the Group uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. This incremental borrowing rate reflects the fixed rate at which the Group could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments in the same currency, for a similar term, in a similar economic environment. The Group&#x2019;s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Such options are accounted for only when it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise the options. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;From time to time, the Group purchases the rights to use government-owned land for a fixed period of time. Prior to the adoption of ASC 842, these land use rights were recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses in land use right, net in the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives, which is 50 years and represents the shorter of the estimated usage years or the terms of the land use rights certificate. Upon the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2021, land use rights acquired assessed in accordance with ASC 842 and recognized in operating right-of-use assets if they meet the definition of lease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(n)&#160;&#160;&#160;Impairment of long-lived assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets with finite lives are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Group had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the assets with an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets. No impairment of long-lived assets was recognized for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(o)&#160;&#160;&#160;Value added taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s PRC subsidiaries are subject to value added tax (&#x201c;VAT&#x201d;). Revenues from sales of products are generally subject to VAT at the rate of 13%. Revenues from services are generally subject to VAT at the rate of 6%. VAT are subsequently paid to PRC tax authorities after netting input VAT on purchases and VAT export rebates. The excess of output VAT over input VAT and VAT export rebates is reflected in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, the excess of input VAT and VAT export rebates over output VAT is reflected in prepayments and other current assets in the consolidated balance&#160;sheets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(p)&#160;&#160;&#160;Fair value measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Fair value represents the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a&#160;liability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Accounting guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument&#x2019;s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs&#160;are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Level&#160;1&#x2014;Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Level&#160;2&#x2014;Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Level&#160;3&#x2014;Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1)&#160;market approach; (2)&#160;income approach and (3)&#160;cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an&#160;asset.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Financial assets and liabilities of the Group primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other receivables, short-term bank borrowings, notes payable, accounts payable, and other payables. The Group measures short-term investments at fair value on a recurring basis. Short-term investments include financial products issued by financial institutions, which are valued based on prices per unit quoted by issuers. They are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the carrying values of other financial instruments approximated to their fair values as their interest rates are comparable to the prevailing interest rates in the market.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s non-financial assets, such as property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets, would be measured at fair value only if they were determined to be impaired.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(q)&#160;&#160;&#160;Revenue recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group generates substantially all of its revenues from sales of electric scooters, accessories and spare parts to the Group&#x2019;s PRC domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors or directly to individual customers online. The Group also generates its revenues from its subscription-based mobile application services, as well as insurance service as an agent. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group recognizes revenues upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation (upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers) in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example, value added taxes). For each performance obligation satisfied over time, the Group recognizes revenue over time by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. If the Group does not satisfy a performance obligation over time, the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;To achieve that core principle, the Group applies the five steps defined under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Group assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations are divided into separate distinct goods or services. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it (a) provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and (b) is separately identified in the contract. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative stand-alone selling price (&#x201c;SSP&#x201d;) of the goods or services provided. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised goods or services to a customer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Products&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group identified one performance obligation which is to sell products, such as electric scooters, accessories and spare parts, to the Group&#x2019;s PRC domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors or directly to individual customers online. For all sales of products, the Group requires a signed contract or purchase order, which specifies pricing, quantity and product specifications. Revenue of product sales is recognized on a gross basis upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation, which is to transfer the control of the promised products to customers. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The transfer of control of the products is satisfied at a point in time, which occurs when the products are accepted by the domestic offline distributors, overseas offline distributors or individual customers. When the Group sells its products to its domestic offline distributors for domestic sales in PRC, acceptance of the products by the domestic offline distributors is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by the domestic offline distributors, which is generally at the Group&#x2019;s warehouse. When the Group sells its products to overseas offline distributors for oversea sales, acceptance of the products by overseas offline distributors is evidenced by shipping documents dependent upon the terms of the underlying contract. When the Group sells its products to individual customers through its own online store and third-party e-commerce platform, the Group is responsible for the delivery to individual customers. Acceptance of the products is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by individual customers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group provides sales volume rebate to qualified distributors based on the volume sold to such distributors in a certain period and grants online individual customers unconditional right to return the products within 7 up to 30 days after their acceptance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration the Group expects to receive in exchange for transferring products to domestic offline distributors, overseas offline distributors or individual customers. Consideration is recorded net of sales volume rebate, sales returns and VAT. Sales returns is estimated based on historical experiences, which were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group utilizes delivery service providers to deliver products to overseas offline distributors and individual customers (&#x201c;shipping activities&#x201d;), but the delivery service is not considered as a separate obligation as the shipping activities are performed before the overseas offline distributors and individual customers obtain control of the products. Therefore, shipping activities are not considered a separate promised service to them but rather are activities to fulfill the Group&#x2019;s promise to transfer the products. Outbound shipping charges to overseas offline distributors and individual customers are included as a part of the revenues, and outbound shipping-related costs are included in our inventory and recognized as cost of revenue upon sale of products to overseas offline distributors and individual customers. Shipping costs incurred for sales of products and recognized as cost of revenues were RMB49,456,660, RMB101,970,407 and RMB52,541,201 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;For some sales, the Group collects cash before delivery. Cash collected before product delivery is recognized as advances from customers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Service&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;When the Group sells its smart electric scooters to its customers, it also provides mobile application services for free for &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_xRIWjE1q9k-fPL-UH6XUqg;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to two years (the &#x201c;free service period&#x201d;). Customers are able to locate their smart electric scooters, as well as obtain the operating status (e.g. battery status), and claim online repair and maintenance requests of their smart electric scooters, upon their registration of their smart electric scooters on the Group&#x2019;s mobile application. Customers may subscribe to such service after the free service period if they want to continue using aforementioned functions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Such revenue arrangements are divided into separate distinct performance obligations, including electric scooters and mobile application services. The Group determines the SSP for electric scooters and mobile application services based on their relative selling prices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The allocated revenue to mobile application services of free service period and subscribed mobile application service revenue is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period, as the Group determines that the customer simultaneously receives and consumes benefits provided by the Group as the Group performs during the free service period or the subscription period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The deferred revenue that will be recognized in the next twelve months is classified as current portion, and the remaining balance of deferred revenue is classified as non-current portion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group also sells insurance plan for electric scooters (&#x201c;NIU Cover&#x201d;) to individual customers at their option. The insurance is provided by third party insurance companies. The Group determines that it acts as an agent for the NIU Cover service because it does not obtain control of the service before the service is transferred to the customers. The Group recognizes revenue on net basis when the insurance agreement is entered into between individual customers and insurance providers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Remaining performance obligations&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The remaining performance obligation disclosure provides the aggregate amount of the transaction price yet to be recognized as of the end of the reporting period and an explanation as to when the Group expects to recognize these amounts in revenue. Additionally, as a practical expedient, the Group does not disclose the remaining performance obligations of contracts that have an original duration of one year or less.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was RMB74,227,696. Given the profile of contract terms, RMB61,059,585 of the remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue within the next 12 months and RMB13,168,111 is expected to be recognized as revenue between next &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_BlnXwXjTuEaqBf1xJ-hxAA;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to 36 months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"&gt;(r)&#160;&#160;&#160;Contract Balances&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic (&#x201c;ASU&#x201d;) No.2016-13, &lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments&lt;/i&gt;, and subsequent amendments to the initial guidance within ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-11 and ASU 2020-02, collectively referred to as &#x201c;ASC 326&#x201d; on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption of ASC 326 starting from January 1, 2021, the provision of credit losses for accounts receivable is based upon the current expected credit losses (&#x201c;CECL&#x201d;) model. The CECL model requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of accounts receivable since initial recognition, and accounts receivable with similar risk characteristics are grouped together when estimating CECL. In assessing the CECL, the Group considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical credit loss experience, adjusted for relevant factors impacting collectability and forward-looking information indicative of external market conditions. While the Group uses the best information available in making determination, the ultimate recovery of recorded receivables is also dependent upon future economic events and other conditions that may be beyond the Group&#x2019;s control. Accounts receivable which are deemed to be uncollectible are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. There is a time lag between when the Group estimates a portion of or the entire account balances to be uncollectible and when a write off of the account balances is taken. The Group does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. This adoption did not have material impact on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;A contract liability is recognized when the Group has an obligation to transfer products or services to a customer for which the Group has received consideration from the customer, or for which an amount of consideration is due from the customer. Contract liabilities are included in advances from customers and deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Changes in the Group&#x2019;s contract liabilities (advances from customers and deferred revenue) are presented in the following table for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Contract liabilities as of January 1, 2022&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 60,718,426&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cash received in advance, excluding VAT&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,852,443,422&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (50,024,734)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2022&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (2,789,235,984)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 73,901,130&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cash received in advance, excluding VAT&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,118,016,702&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (62,471,630)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (2,055,218,506)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 74,227,696&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(s)&#160;&#160;&#160;Warranties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group provides for the estimated costs of warranties at the time when revenue is recognized. The specific terms and conditions of those warranties vary among different parts of electric scooters. Factors that affect the Group&#x2019;s warranty obligation include product defect rates and costs of repair or replacement. These factors are estimates that may change based on new information that becomes available during the reported period. The portion of the warranty reserve expected to be incurred within the next 12 months is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities while the remaining balance is included within other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(t)&#160;&#160;&#160;Cost of Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Cost of revenues mainly consists of the cost of products sold, logistics costs, write-downs of inventories and warranty costs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(u)&#160;&#160;&#160;Selling and Marketing Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Selling and marketing expenses mainly consist of advertising expenses, promotion expenses and payroll and related expenses for personnel engaged in selling and marketing activities. Advertising expenses, which consist primarily of online and offline advertisements, are expensed when the services are received. The advertising expenses were RMB160,415,978, RMB191,776,905 and RMB177,824,898&#160;for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(v)&#160;&#160;&#160;General and Administrative Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses mainly consist of allowance for doubtful accounts, payroll and related costs for employees involved in general corporate functions, professional fees, foreign currency exchange gains (losses) and other general corporate expenses, as well as expenses associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation and rental expenses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(w)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Research and Development Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses mainly consist of payroll and related costs for employees involved in researching and developing new products and technologies, design and development expenses, and expenses associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation and rental expenses. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(x)&#160;&#160;&#160;Government Grants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:normal;"&gt;Government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions attached to it and the grant will be received. Grants that compensate the Group for expenses incurred are recognized in the Group&#x2019;s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) on a systematic basis in the same periods in which the expenses are incurred. Grants that compensate the acquisition cost of an asset are recorded as a liability in the Group&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets and are recognized in the Group&#x2019;s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) over the useful life of the asset. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, nil of liability was related to the government grants that compensate the acquisition cost of an asset. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s government grants mainly consist of certain subsidies or tax refund from local government or industrial parks where its offices locate. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, RMB48,726,818, RMB16,385,038 and RMB2,968,735 of government grants are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), respectively. There were no significant commitment, contingencies or provision for recapture conditions for the government grants received for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(y)&#160;&#160;&#160;Share-based Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company periodically grants share-based awards, including but not limited to, restricted share units and share options to eligible employees and directors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Share-based awards granted to employees and directors are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards, and are recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Forfeitures are accounted when they occur.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;A change in any of the terms or conditions of share-based awards is accounted for as a modification of the awards. The Group calculates incremental compensation cost of a modification as the excess of the fair value of the modified awards over the fair value of the original awards immediately before its terms are modified at the modification date. For vested awards, the Group recognizes incremental compensation cost in the period the modification occurs. For awards not being fully vested, the Group recognizes the sum of the incremental compensation cost and the remaining unrecognized compensation cost for the original awards over the remaining requisite service period after modification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Share-based compensation in relation to the restricted share units is measured based on the fair value of the Company&#x2019;s ordinary shares at the grant date of the award. The fair value is the closing prices of the Company&#x2019;s ordinary shares traded in the open market as of the grant date. Share-based compensation in relation to the share options is estimated using the Binominal Option Pricing Model. The determination of the fair value of share options is affected by the share price of the Company&#x2019;s ordinary shares as well as the assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, including the expected share price volatility (estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company and comparable peer public companies with a time horizon close to the expected term of the Company&#x2019;s options), risk-free interest rate, exercise multiple and expected dividend yield. The fair value of these awards was determined with the assistance from a valuation report prepared by an independent valuation firm using management&#x2019;s estimates and assumptions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(z)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Employee Benefits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s subsidiaries and the VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries in PRC participate in a government mandated, multiemployer, defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain retirement, medical, housing and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. PRC labor laws require the entities incorporated in China to pay to the local labor bureau a&#160;monthly contribution calculated at a stated contribution rate on the&#160;monthly basic compensation of qualified employees. The Group has no further commitments beyond its&#160;monthly contribution. Employee social benefits included as cost of revenues and expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) amounted to RMB31,122,424, RMB42,637,403 and RMB42,376,447&#160;for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(aa)&#160;Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Current income taxes are provided on the basis of net income (loss) for financial reporting purposes, and adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions. Deferred income taxes are provided using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax effects of temporary differences and are determined by applying enacted statutory tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse to the temporary differences between the financial statements&#x2019; carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset deferred tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred income tax assets if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred income taxes arising from a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) in the period of&#160;change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group applies a &#x201c;more likely than not&#x201d; recognition threshold in the evaluation of uncertain tax positions. The Group recognizes the benefit of a tax position in its consolidated financial statements if the tax position is &#x201c;more likely than not&#x201d; to prevail based on the facts and technical merits of the position. Tax positions that meet the &#x201c;more likely than not&#x201d; recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty&#160;percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits may be affected by changes in interpretation of laws, rulings of tax authorities, tax audits, and expiry of statutory limitations. In addition, changes in facts, circumstances and new information may require the Group to adjust the recognition and measurement estimates with regard to individual tax positions. Accordingly, unrecognized tax benefits are periodically reviewed and re-assessed. Adjustments, if required, are recorded in the Group&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements in the period in which the change that necessities the adjustments occur. The ultimate outcome for a particular tax position may not be determined with certainty prior to the conclusion of a tax audit and, in certain circumstances, a tax appeal or litigation process. The Group records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits (if&#160;any) in interest expenses and general and administrative expenses, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Group did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax&#160;positions. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(bb)&#160;Foreign currency translation and foreign currency risks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s reporting currency is Renminbi (&#x201c;RMB&#x201d;). The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiary incorporated at Hong Kong S.A.R., the United States and Singapore is the United States dollars (&#x201c;US$&#x201d;). The functional currencies of the Company&#x2019;s subsidiary incorporated in British Virgin Islands, Indonesia, Switzerland and Germany are Great Britain Pound (&#x201c;GBP&#x201d;), Indonesia Rupiah (&#x201c;IDR&#x201d;), Swiss Franc (&#x201c;CHF&#x201d;) and European Monetary Unit (&#x201c;EUR&#x201d;), respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The functional currency of the Company&#x2019;s PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries is RMB.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are remeasured into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rate at the balance sheet date. The resulted exchange differences are recorded as foreign currency exchange gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries incorporated at Hong Kong S.A.R., the United States, Singapore, British Virgin Islands, Indonesia, Switzerland and Germany are translated from the functional currency into RMB. Assets and liabilities are translated into RMB using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet date. Equity accounts other than earnings generated in the current period are translated into RMB using the appropriate historical rates. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated into RMB using the average exchange rates for the relevant period. The resulted foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and the accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders&#x2019; equity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The RMB is not a freely convertible currency. The PRC State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the PRC government, controls the conversion of RMB to foreign currencies. The value of the RMB is subject to changes of central government policies and international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China foreign exchange trading system&#160;market.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(cc)&#160;Concentration and risk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Concentration of customers and suppliers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The following tables summarized the customer with greater than 10% of the total revenue and accounts receivable:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:61.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Greater than 10% of the total revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;background:#ffffff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Customer A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;319,208,693&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;12%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:44.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Greater than 10% of the accounts receivable &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Customer B&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 135,105,131&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;45%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 90,892,779&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;34%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Customer C&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 32,443,005&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;12%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.47%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Greater than 10% of advances from customers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Customer D&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,787,482&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;11%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,396,333&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;12%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The following tables summarized the suppliers with greater than 10% of the total purchase:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:54.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Greater than 10% of total purchase&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Supplier X&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 298,264,146&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;12%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 354,956,312&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;13%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Supplier Y&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 286,132,811&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;16%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;No suppliers individually represent greater than 10% of accounts payable of the Group as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="display:inline-block;width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The amount was less than 10% of total balance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Concentration of credit risk&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash, short-term investments and accounts receivable, net.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s investment policy requires cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash and short-term investments to be placed with high-quality financial institutions and to limit the amount of credit risk from any one issuer. The Group regularly evaluates the credit standing of the counterparties or financial institutions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group conducts credit evaluations on its customers prior to delivery of goods or services. The assessment of customer creditworthiness is primarily based on historical collection records, research of publicly available information and customer on-site visits by senior management. Based on this analysis, the Group determines what credit terms, if any, to offer to each customer individually. If the assessment indicates a likelihood of collection risk, the Company will not deliver the services or sell the products to the customer or require the customer to pay cash, post letters of credit to secure payment or to make significant down payments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Interest rate risk&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s short-term bank borrowing bears interests at fixed rates. If the Group were to renew these loans, the Group might be subject to interest rate&#160;risk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(dd)&#160;Earnings (Loss) per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares or ordinary share equivalents outstanding during the year using the two-class method. Vested share options, which are exercisable for nominal consideration, and vested restricted share units are included in the calculation of the weighted-average number of shares of ordinary shares as ordinary share equivalents. Under the two-class method, any net income is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on their participating rights. A net loss is not allocated to participating securities when the participating securities does not have contractual obligation to share losses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares used in calculating basic net earnings (loss) per ordinary share and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding share option with the exception of vested share options with nominal exercise consideration and unvested restricted share units (using the treasury stock method). Ordinary equivalent shares are calculated based on the most advantageous conversion rate or exercise price from the standpoint of the security holder. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included in the denominator of the diluted earnings (loss)per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(ee)&#160;Segment Reporting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. For the purpose of internal reporting and management&#x2019;s operation review, the Company&#x2019;s Chief Executive Officer and management personnel do not segregate the Group&#x2019;s business by product. All products and services are viewed as in one and the only operating segment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(ff)&#160;Statutory Reserves&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;In accordance with the PRC Company Laws, the Group&#x2019;s PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries must make appropriations from their after-tax profits as determined under the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the PRC (&#x201c;PRC&#160;GAAP&#x201d;) to non-distributable reserve funds including statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund. The appropriation to the statutory surplus fund must be 10% of the after-tax profits as determined under PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the statutory surplus fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of the PRC companies. Appropriation to the discretionary surplus fund is made at the discretion of the PRC&#160;companies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund are restricted for use. They may only be applied to offset losses or increase the registered capital of the respective companies. These reserves are not allowed to be transferred to the Company by way of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor can they be distributed except for liquidation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Group&#x2019;s PRC subsidiaries made appropriations to the statutory reserves of RMB20,875,864, RMB42,654 and nil, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(gg)&#160;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (&#x201c;FASB&#x201d;) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, it provides new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment. The guidance will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statement disclosures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disaggregated information about the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The guidance will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statement disclosures.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_8o8EqMXk1UeEPlp95mMm6g">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(a)&#160;&#160;&#160;Basis of presentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United&#160;States of America (&#x201c;U.S.&#160;GAAP&#x201d;).&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_l0X2BMnWzkWA4W35YIe4qg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;Principles of consolidation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with U.S.&#160;GAAP. The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE for which the Company or its subsidiary is the primary beneficiary, and the VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Subsidiaries are those entities in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting power or has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of directors. A VIE is an entity in which the Company, or its subsidiary, through contractual arrangements, exercises effective control over the activities that most impact the economic performance, bears the risks of, and enjoys the rewards normally associated with ownership of the entity, and therefore the Company or its subsidiary is the primary beneficiary of the&#160;entity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;All intercompany transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE and the VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:UseOfEstimates
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_KqQzBK0acEeSAaHNRIH_lg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;Use of estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S.&#160;GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reported period in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates include, but not limited to, depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, the realization of deferred income tax assets, future warranty expenses, current expected credit loss and discount rate for operating leases. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revising estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and as such, differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:UseOfEstimates>
    <niu:ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_o6MZOfdMl0WQ5MY5D8VZxg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;Convenience translation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Translations of balances in the consolidated financial statements from RMB into US$ as of and for the&#160;year ended December 31, 2023 are solely for the convenience of the readers and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB7.0999, representing the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers of RMB as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 29, 2023. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 29, 2023, or at any other rate. The US$ convenience translation is not required under U.S. GAAP and all US$convenience translation amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited.&lt;/p&gt;</niu:ConvenienceTranslationPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="4"
      id="Narr_YltMnakj806I8pZOclK0RA"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_CNY_RVcVlFY3UUSeUmwjiZTf2g">7.0999</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_aj0TUTDzV0-uiDlXUMg_7w">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(e)&#160;&#160;&#160;Commitments and contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;In the normal course of business, the Group is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, shareholder lawsuits, and non-income tax matters. An accrual for a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is&#160;disclosed.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_3G8opG4sGEWccTEsHzmBQg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(f)&#160;&#160;&#160;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:normal;"&gt;Cash consists of cash on hand and cash at bank. Cash equivalents represent term deposits with original maturities of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:normal;"&gt;three months&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:normal;"&gt; or less, which are readily convertible to known amounts of cash. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited in financial institutions at the following locations:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in EUR&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,986,595&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,233,516&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in RMB&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 278,917,866&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 334,796,621&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in GPB&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 244,790&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 504,471&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 220,296,524&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 499,117,291&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at mainland PRC financial institutions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 505,445,775&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 852,651,899&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Financial institutions in the United States&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,087,973&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 691,290&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash balances held at United States financial institutions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 10,087,973&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 691,290&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Financial institutions in the Hong Kong S.A.R.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in HKD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 78,206&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 79,213&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,631,590&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,477,109&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash balances held at Hong Kong S.A.R. financial institutions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 14,709,796&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 11,556,322&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash balances held at financial institutions in other locations&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,453,514&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 7,203,416&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 533,697,058&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 872,102,927&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:MaturityOfTimeDeposits
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_gn-Bnv17zkOVABH1rouxKw"
      id="Narr_WqrhUUtdV0ynyCMXCHz1GA">P3M</us-gaap:MaturityOfTimeDeposits>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_xaCrHTOPG0igI3IfG_6wFw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in EUR&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,986,595&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,233,516&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in RMB&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 278,917,866&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 334,796,621&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in GPB&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 244,790&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 504,471&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 220,296,524&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 499,117,291&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at mainland PRC financial institutions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 505,445,775&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 852,651,899&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Financial institutions in the United States&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,087,973&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 691,290&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash balances held at United States financial institutions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 10,087,973&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 691,290&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Financial institutions in the Hong Kong S.A.R.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in HKD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 78,206&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 79,213&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,631,590&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,477,109&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash balances held at Hong Kong S.A.R. financial institutions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 14,709,796&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 11,556,322&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash balances held at financial institutions in other locations&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,453,514&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 7,203,416&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash and cash equivalents balances held at financial institutions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 533,697,058&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 872,102,927&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_EUR_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_qk9gR1CZz0OO92MfyDLsjQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HrFxLEn_fkCeQt4XuW564g_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5986595</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_EUR_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_mtx7_bgf10OB8hv4_WxauQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_5RmGqlf33UW1CWMxRm2Rdw_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">18233516</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_8w4AjCOy0065lGjzDVtfwQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_P-qBxePKfkuBAZ-9Hofa4A_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">278917866</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_b_CovhmzXE-CKFU-CTstBw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Efm91Yvif0e0MxNC9LCEZw_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">334796621</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_GBP_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_oKoCstFkI02gvks_SWelqg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Lvl6wbw1vEWtWXIi5wzgOA_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">244790</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_GBP_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_eZjNIBZCU0iUZJ9v4BFEKQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_QcUzoTW2vEa9IqlZrRmdFQ_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">504471</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_ERE8N88Mdkq8k94VfoWasA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kj-Gei_7rEGiygWm0_wxYw_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">220296524</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_mX2lQl8JWkaLfm2WXUoJaw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_yHGs2eEzBUe3G1VJ4E7Zsg_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">499117291</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_Q_8WbiR0YUiau-_TfyAkCA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_IjBktXU1ykufwDgJxb764Q_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">505445775</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_OzxiPPQyH0qegvBxGzBWVA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_GCqi16Uz-EmyNMA_15TAFA_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">852651899</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_iF4CmOdI20-3WrpN6Nm1mg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_-U28MiDW3k6952_FHnEAoQ_13_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10087973</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_ZEuk0M-6dU-wkp8LHNtudw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_hB6Wwj-BJ0aSYc6x-Zeryg_13_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">691290</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_STXxbX0eCkCWsli7qJ6WAg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_P8QyXsF20kGfXbW3paWaZw_15_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10087973</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_L78k-H4mu0io6dkUrNfAgw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_MzzIIMWfR02fkIkzQUngpA_15_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">691290</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_HKD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_oM-RX93HvE2MFyOCFj7v8A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lHipgnFJHUOpv7__8iNETg_18_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">78206</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_HKD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember__giZWpfCY06TDUoS0yG01g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bVtF_8BGIkuWY9OayZmhiQ_18_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">79213</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_JLMxGGUU4UypUBmtEqI9Cg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WWvfFEKSR0uwKsmVKA7WrA_19_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">14631590</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_HWSiBTTjHEyM2VN8Apz85A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FH3LQ4gSB0e1tSbs58BtOw_19_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11477109</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_LjnLfeUNPUOxhxMNHbSjSw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FhRoEd7AZUWu3nXirBOcug_21_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">14709796</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_EJrBKbuqi0WMAJOZfqor4w"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CzZeiMP_pE682i-9tMxbvg_21_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11556322</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_Gb3qXIsqnkKRCBa3P65-fA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PIqL--MHoUqujOAyZWbMWA_23_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3453514</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_WGJLf8OeX0CpJ_DXwKSUlA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_KpJdt_0KgE2B11pbaSZM6g_23_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7203416</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_YY4D5Jv8-0GlbRCOhHHaDw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_sKzq6PuCiUOqPihNE7TmHg_25_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">533697058</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsMember_dWMU-oEN-Eq-eJVMW-fVjw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_x8qVlBeYsUSG6YPMBoM1kA_25_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">872102927</us-gaap:InterestBearingDepositsInBanks>
    <niu:TermDepositPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_bpo4fKowoEO3q0WI045u1w">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(g)&#160;&#160;Term deposits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:normal;"&gt;Term deposits include current and non-current term deposits. Current term deposits represent deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than three months but less than one year. Non-current term deposits represent deposits placed with bank with original maturities of more than one year. Term deposits are presented in the following table:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in RMB&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 208,589,770&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 77,555,565&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total term deposits held&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 228,589,770&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 97,555,565&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Term deposits&#x2014;current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 208,589,770&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 97,555,565&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Term deposits&#x2014;non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</niu:TermDepositPolicyTextBlock>
    <niu:ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_1DFmsOg01EaGBwg9lGUzSQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in RMB&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 208,589,770&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 77,555,565&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total term deposits held&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 228,589,770&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 97,555,565&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Term deposits&#x2014;current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 208,589,770&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;border-top:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 97,555,565&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.29%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Term deposits&#x2014;non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</niu:ScheduleOfTermDepositsTableTextBlock>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_3Xp1xIcb5UWpZ33pIfpOaw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_mytAHmDTGUePUyazGDK1gQ_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20000000</niu:TermDepositsWithBanks>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_CNY_DjNYBvMGskmq7DsTHBthuA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_-27R4z73mkKl11zSQ3u1hg_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20000000</niu:TermDepositsWithBanks>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_Z6xzlPNXO0i2JHPclqbbwQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_y4DKfxP_A068kGBLXCaU9g_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">208589770</niu:TermDepositsWithBanks>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_CurrencyAxis_currency_USD_WbYOoLtJLEiuqtAZivMiiA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bz8l59HdzEiQ5rp5rub83A_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">77555565</niu:TermDepositsWithBanks>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VPTsjtDcn06Q-X9kAjyCOA_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">228589770</niu:TermDepositsWithBanks>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Zrlg59xNt0S_Atnzrvoa0g_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">97555565</niu:TermDepositsWithBanks>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_yvE3dSHKBUaH-XEOh-1YeQ_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">208589770</niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ba5dsFkisEqZudLYcXiIWA_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">97555565</niu:TermDepositsWithBanksCurrent>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_nZ5A5hAWeUimsMENfyl6lQ_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20000000</niu:TermDepositsWithBanksNonCurrent>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_KsS2o77snku0JVFY_UwNmw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(h)&#160;&#160;&#160;Restricted cash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Restricted cash is an amount of cash deposited with banks primarily in conjunction with borrowings from banks and notes payable. Restriction on the use of such cash and the interest earned thereon is imposed by the banks and remains effective throughout the terms of the bank borrowings and notes payable. Restricted cash is classified as current asset on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets, as all the balance are expected to be released to cash within the next twelve months from December 31, 2023. The Group&#x2019;s restricted cash are denominated in RMB and USD and are deposited at financial institutions in the mainland of the PRC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 534,286,849&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 872,573,460&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 186,340,321&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 107,666,733&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 720,627,170&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 980,240,193&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy>
    <niu:ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_VRb2Cd-GlU6U0QIEgEWP9g">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:28%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 534,286,849&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 872,573,460&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 186,340,321&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 107,666,733&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:70.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 720,627,170&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 980,240,193&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</niu:ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictionsOnCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uIqS7rx9c0O_RR8t_9tZwg_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">534286849</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_i3fzWOMBlkicrSmqh6If0A_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">872573460</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_y50yZf3m70WK0VtL8VNbWg_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">186340321</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_5jBE92_5L0uoKPGj7mryFQ_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">107666733</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_93zpvyhLPk-3kdpo2yo-Tw_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">720627170</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_9TPbnW6ZUke3X73RqmCemQ_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">980240193</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_uDPLoYreb0KUZmVnSPNa0A">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;Short-term investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s short-term investments represent the Group&#x2019;s investments in financial products managed by financial institutions in the PRC which are redeemable at the option of the Group on any working day or have the original maturities of less than twelve months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group classified the short-term investments, with aggregate amounts of RMB6,032,000,000 and RMB2,593,000,000 purchased for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively, as available-for-sale securities and are reported at fair value. Unrealized holding gains or losses, net of the related tax effect, on available-for-sale securities were excluded from earnings and recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. Realized gains or losses from the sale of short-term investments are determined on a specific identification basis and are recorded as investment income when earned.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group purchased short-term investments with aggregate amounts of RMB420,000,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, and elected the fair value option at the date of initial recognition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (&#x201c;ASC&#x201d;) Topic 825, &lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Financial Instruments,&lt;/i&gt; (&#x201c;ASC 825), as the Group believes this approach can better reflect the economics of its investment interest. Changes in the fair value of these investments in the amount of RMB1,426,370 for the year ended December 31, 2023 were reflected on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) as investment income. Fair value is estimated based on quoted prices provided by financial institutions at the end of each reporting period.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:InvestmentPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_gfy10DDg2kOWuUVI1CZcww"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6032000000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_1gtFX0e1WU-T8qRO-SWX2Q"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2593000000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_3R1dw7hBqUi2l-T19M3_fw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">420000000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestmentsMember_XLHgDLneWkKDzWNyCsoCNg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_OzoNcFu0SEii51o7xLUNPQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1426370</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_q4D7BSe11ke71fB6igpbpg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(j)&#160;&#160;&#160;Inventories&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Cost of work-in-process and finished goods comprise direct materials, direct production costs and an allocation of production overheads based on normal operating capacity. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased. Inventory is written down for damaged and slow-moving goods, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand. When appropriate, write downs to inventory are recorded to write down the cost of inventories to their net realizable value.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_ukLVevOhQ02scwyaVAConQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(k)&#160;&#160;&#160;Property, plant and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recorded impairment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.32;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Costs incurred in the construction of property, plant and equipment, including down payments and progress payments, are initially capitalized as construction in progress and transferred into their respective asset categories when the assets are ready for their intended use, at which time depreciation commences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The estimated useful lives are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Estimated useful lives&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Building&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;50 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Machinery and equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Z7G7NzI6vEaUSjcHx9VtrQ;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - 10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Furniture&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Nc2zRlK-6EWAcMIP63pLsw;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - 5 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Leasehold improvements&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;The shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining lease term&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Office and electronic equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_CLqBnDxKQUCwGuCoEtTZVg;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - 5 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Motor vehicles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;3 - 4 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the&#160;assets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Depreciation of property, plant and equipment attributable to manufacturing activities is capitalized as part of inventories, and recognized as cost of revenues when the inventory is&#160;sold.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;When items are retired or otherwise disposed of, income is charged or credited for the difference between net book value and the proceeds received thereon. Ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and replacements and betterments are capitalized and amortized over the remaining useful&#160;life.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock>
    <niu:ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_8RsdgpfNLUC6HXGJwWzZSQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Estimated useful lives&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Building&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;50 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Machinery and equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Z7G7NzI6vEaUSjcHx9VtrQ;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - 10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Furniture&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_Nc2zRlK-6EWAcMIP63pLsw;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - 5 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Leasehold improvements&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;The shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining lease term&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Office and electronic equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_CLqBnDxKQUCwGuCoEtTZVg;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - 5 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:36.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Motor vehicles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:3.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:60.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;3 - 4 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</niu:ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_JszbtrYYvUqldszPj65sPA"
      id="Tc_p1p5iKLVnEmPTRVLSDdXVA_2_2">P50Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_FtawwohI2kyzizGLIMihzw"
      id="Narr_xMADak5WM0KdI-zy5qtcJg">P10Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_AtlRiWm14EaoG--hCetoxg"
      id="Narr_PwvBUAb-LkyP0kZE12Z8bw">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_Q8yxAdfT7km81FZZdGfNJA"
      id="Narr_Yf4vnol_YUuD25cgjxMiiA">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_xiQ-WUvqc0W9Nl93jLGYTg"
      id="Narr_2LDPuXzs9EykOxfEb9kXaA">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_aKbhnd_th0eXIjYhzTuYYQ"
      id="Narr_q1raeBLyZUy7_zhBDkCHew">P4Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_jxFsKQUCW0qFKsPXVE8FNA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(l)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Intangible assets, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life on straight-line basis and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible assets may be&#160;impaired.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsPolicy>
    <niu:LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_tA_5ZroDKECBUfkGilvCXw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(m)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;&#160;&#160;Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group adopted ASC Topic 842, &lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Leases&lt;/i&gt; (&#x201c;ASC 842&#x201d;) as of January 1, 2021, and elected the package of practical expedients that not to reassess:(1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. The Group also elected the practical expedient of the short-term lease exemption for contracts with lease terms of twelve months or less. The Group categorizes leases with contractual terms longer than twelve months as either operating or finance lease. However, the Group has no finance leases for any of the periods presented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at lease inception. For operating leases, the Group recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term, reduced by lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs, using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. Variable lease payments not dependent on an index or rate are excluded from the right-of-use asset and lease liability calculations and are recognized in expense in the period which the obligation for those payments is incurred. As the rate implicit in the Group&#x2019;s lease is not typically readily available, the Group uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. This incremental borrowing rate reflects the fixed rate at which the Group could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments in the same currency, for a similar term, in a similar economic environment. The Group&#x2019;s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Such options are accounted for only when it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise the options. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;From time to time, the Group purchases the rights to use government-owned land for a fixed period of time. Prior to the adoption of ASC 842, these land use rights were recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses in land use right, net in the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives, which is 50 years and represents the shorter of the estimated usage years or the terms of the land use rights certificate. Upon the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2021, land use rights acquired assessed in accordance with ASC 842 and recognized in operating right-of-use assets if they meet the definition of lease.&lt;/p&gt;</niu:LandUseRightNetPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <niu:LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr__iF9uhkdHE26B-KzIYtQYQ">P50Y</niu:LandUseRightNetEstimatedUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_sRRbJ0Kl_0GTVeXls0psyw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(n)&#160;&#160;&#160;Impairment of long-lived assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets with finite lives are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Group had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the assets with an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets. No impairment of long-lived assets was recognized for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_yoOn3s3JhkaBn2Hg4ZBTfw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived>
    <us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_KESphQvePUe8OYWFaf3IiQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived>
    <us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_QVn-VXcal0GLwVYxQ0hQqA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsFinitelived>
    <niu:ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_IjAdlkhHpEmTzhD4XINzaw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(o)&#160;&#160;&#160;Value added taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s PRC subsidiaries are subject to value added tax (&#x201c;VAT&#x201d;). Revenues from sales of products are generally subject to VAT at the rate of 13%. Revenues from services are generally subject to VAT at the rate of 6%. VAT are subsequently paid to PRC tax authorities after netting input VAT on purchases and VAT export rebates. The excess of output VAT over input VAT and VAT export rebates is reflected in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, the excess of input VAT and VAT export rebates over output VAT is reflected in prepayments and other current assets in the consolidated balance&#160;sheets.&lt;/p&gt;</niu:ValueAddedTaxesPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <niu:ValueAddedTaxRatePercent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ProductMember_BMUP_vr9mkm0GIV5gMuFKg"
      decimals="2"
      id="Narr_YCTZWL_h1EiWQ19_Akx-kQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.13</niu:ValueAddedTaxRatePercent>
    <niu:ValueAddedTaxRatePercent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_zLDH1-ZVckiDQeNS2w0JWw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Narr_ByFXXiisNkOY_7rgpiLlIw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.06</niu:ValueAddedTaxRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_czt15Xx0EkGXO4iW2CTUpA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(p)&#160;&#160;&#160;Fair value measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Fair value represents the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a&#160;liability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Accounting guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument&#x2019;s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs&#160;are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Level&#160;1&#x2014;Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Level&#160;2&#x2014;Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Level&#160;3&#x2014;Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1)&#160;market approach; (2)&#160;income approach and (3)&#160;cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an&#160;asset.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Financial assets and liabilities of the Group primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other receivables, short-term bank borrowings, notes payable, accounts payable, and other payables. The Group measures short-term investments at fair value on a recurring basis. Short-term investments include financial products issued by financial institutions, which are valued based on prices per unit quoted by issuers. They are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the carrying values of other financial instruments approximated to their fair values as their interest rates are comparable to the prevailing interest rates in the market.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s non-financial assets, such as property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets, would be measured at fair value only if they were determined to be impaired.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb___2X8PGHnkSKrSUqM5_GOQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(q)&#160;&#160;&#160;Revenue recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group generates substantially all of its revenues from sales of electric scooters, accessories and spare parts to the Group&#x2019;s PRC domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors or directly to individual customers online. The Group also generates its revenues from its subscription-based mobile application services, as well as insurance service as an agent. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group recognizes revenues upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation (upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers) in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example, value added taxes). For each performance obligation satisfied over time, the Group recognizes revenue over time by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. If the Group does not satisfy a performance obligation over time, the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;To achieve that core principle, the Group applies the five steps defined under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Group assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations are divided into separate distinct goods or services. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it (a) provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and (b) is separately identified in the contract. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative stand-alone selling price (&#x201c;SSP&#x201d;) of the goods or services provided. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised goods or services to a customer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Products&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group identified one performance obligation which is to sell products, such as electric scooters, accessories and spare parts, to the Group&#x2019;s PRC domestic offline distributors and overseas offline distributors or directly to individual customers online. For all sales of products, the Group requires a signed contract or purchase order, which specifies pricing, quantity and product specifications. Revenue of product sales is recognized on a gross basis upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation, which is to transfer the control of the promised products to customers. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The transfer of control of the products is satisfied at a point in time, which occurs when the products are accepted by the domestic offline distributors, overseas offline distributors or individual customers. When the Group sells its products to its domestic offline distributors for domestic sales in PRC, acceptance of the products by the domestic offline distributors is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by the domestic offline distributors, which is generally at the Group&#x2019;s warehouse. When the Group sells its products to overseas offline distributors for oversea sales, acceptance of the products by overseas offline distributors is evidenced by shipping documents dependent upon the terms of the underlying contract. When the Group sells its products to individual customers through its own online store and third-party e-commerce platform, the Group is responsible for the delivery to individual customers. Acceptance of the products is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by individual customers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group provides sales volume rebate to qualified distributors based on the volume sold to such distributors in a certain period and grants online individual customers unconditional right to return the products within 7 up to 30 days after their acceptance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration the Group expects to receive in exchange for transferring products to domestic offline distributors, overseas offline distributors or individual customers. Consideration is recorded net of sales volume rebate, sales returns and VAT. Sales returns is estimated based on historical experiences, which were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group utilizes delivery service providers to deliver products to overseas offline distributors and individual customers (&#x201c;shipping activities&#x201d;), but the delivery service is not considered as a separate obligation as the shipping activities are performed before the overseas offline distributors and individual customers obtain control of the products. Therefore, shipping activities are not considered a separate promised service to them but rather are activities to fulfill the Group&#x2019;s promise to transfer the products. Outbound shipping charges to overseas offline distributors and individual customers are included as a part of the revenues, and outbound shipping-related costs are included in our inventory and recognized as cost of revenue upon sale of products to overseas offline distributors and individual customers. Shipping costs incurred for sales of products and recognized as cost of revenues were RMB49,456,660, RMB101,970,407 and RMB52,541,201 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;For some sales, the Group collects cash before delivery. Cash collected before product delivery is recognized as advances from customers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Service&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;When the Group sells its smart electric scooters to its customers, it also provides mobile application services for free for &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_xRIWjE1q9k-fPL-UH6XUqg;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to two years (the &#x201c;free service period&#x201d;). Customers are able to locate their smart electric scooters, as well as obtain the operating status (e.g. battery status), and claim online repair and maintenance requests of their smart electric scooters, upon their registration of their smart electric scooters on the Group&#x2019;s mobile application. Customers may subscribe to such service after the free service period if they want to continue using aforementioned functions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Such revenue arrangements are divided into separate distinct performance obligations, including electric scooters and mobile application services. The Group determines the SSP for electric scooters and mobile application services based on their relative selling prices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The allocated revenue to mobile application services of free service period and subscribed mobile application service revenue is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period, as the Group determines that the customer simultaneously receives and consumes benefits provided by the Group as the Group performs during the free service period or the subscription period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The deferred revenue that will be recognized in the next twelve months is classified as current portion, and the remaining balance of deferred revenue is classified as non-current portion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group also sells insurance plan for electric scooters (&#x201c;NIU Cover&#x201d;) to individual customers at their option. The insurance is provided by third party insurance companies. The Group determines that it acts as an agent for the NIU Cover service because it does not obtain control of the service before the service is transferred to the customers. The Group recognizes revenue on net basis when the insurance agreement is entered into between individual customers and insurance providers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Remaining performance obligations&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The remaining performance obligation disclosure provides the aggregate amount of the transaction price yet to be recognized as of the end of the reporting period and an explanation as to when the Group expects to recognize these amounts in revenue. Additionally, as a practical expedient, the Group does not disclose the remaining performance obligations of contracts that have an original duration of one year or less.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was RMB74,227,696. Given the profile of contract terms, RMB61,059,585 of the remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue within the next 12 months and RMB13,168,111 is expected to be recognized as revenue between next &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_BlnXwXjTuEaqBf1xJ-hxAA;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to 36 months.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock>
    <niu:ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_gn-Bnv17zkOVABH1rouxKw"
      id="Narr_BBmAmcRgoEO5QZGuNlr5rg">P7D</niu:ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm>
    <niu:ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_Ff5OziNcakeaGTSwTCAn2Q"
      id="Narr_FkFVeLY7OEeJDvP7_w_3jA">P30D</niu:ReturnAndRefundPolicyTerm>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_lkcXwjTHPU6O6twmKbO59g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_aXA5-pBjJEego8P8vdTb3w"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">49456660</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_QyGSsOyOcUOEhvozkwsqJw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_-DQZzpZipUytDtzz8Y7x4g"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">101970407</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember_wFuStdNe-UqGUgZiplDZrA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_qCHlk7ccmUykJvAYDKsAfQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">52541201</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <niu:MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_Ff5OziNcakeaGTSwTCAn2Q"
      id="Narr_KmxPr74260S38VyKvb-MGQ">P2Y</niu:MobileApplicationServicesFreeServicePeriod>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_WA5HhjVAskGtVmi6kTr76A"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">74227696</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20240101_a40IKuzL70myDF1Pc0AwFA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_TtWBqDOL5EesBIJ2N4QJdA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">61059585</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20240101_a40IKuzL70myDF1Pc0AwFA"
      id="Narr_WQyD4KuqxU-cgCSV6pcWUA">P12M</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20250101_vbTE5s1rFk-RJaGUYi5_lA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_BQsbFfBAh0KDeY2_98xBeg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13168111</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_niu_cnst_date_20250101_n0js8UhqoEyYu6q5r1RtmQ"
      id="Narr_HqGtT05x0ECuJI0DpzCdEQ">P36M</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1>
    <niu:ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_yIIQkLaboUWEQlUnxdFv9w">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"&gt;(r)&#160;&#160;&#160;Contract Balances&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic (&#x201c;ASU&#x201d;) No.2016-13, &lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments&lt;/i&gt;, and subsequent amendments to the initial guidance within ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-11 and ASU 2020-02, collectively referred to as &#x201c;ASC 326&#x201d; on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption of ASC 326 starting from January 1, 2021, the provision of credit losses for accounts receivable is based upon the current expected credit losses (&#x201c;CECL&#x201d;) model. The CECL model requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of accounts receivable since initial recognition, and accounts receivable with similar risk characteristics are grouped together when estimating CECL. In assessing the CECL, the Group considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical credit loss experience, adjusted for relevant factors impacting collectability and forward-looking information indicative of external market conditions. While the Group uses the best information available in making determination, the ultimate recovery of recorded receivables is also dependent upon future economic events and other conditions that may be beyond the Group&#x2019;s control. Accounts receivable which are deemed to be uncollectible are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. There is a time lag between when the Group estimates a portion of or the entire account balances to be uncollectible and when a write off of the account balances is taken. The Group does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. This adoption did not have material impact on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;A contract liability is recognized when the Group has an obligation to transfer products or services to a customer for which the Group has received consideration from the customer, or for which an amount of consideration is due from the customer. Contract liabilities are included in advances from customers and deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Changes in the Group&#x2019;s contract liabilities (advances from customers and deferred revenue) are presented in the following table for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Contract liabilities as of January 1, 2022&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 60,718,426&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cash received in advance, excluding VAT&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,852,443,422&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (50,024,734)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2022&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (2,789,235,984)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 73,901,130&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cash received in advance, excluding VAT&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,118,016,702&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (62,471,630)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (2,055,218,506)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 74,227,696&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</niu:ContractBalancesPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_0iBCqnRw4UCpadqL3Ws41Q">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Contract liabilities as of January 1, 2022&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 60,718,426&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cash received in advance, excluding VAT&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,852,443,422&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (50,024,734)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2022&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (2,789,235,984)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 73,901,130&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cash received in advance, excluding VAT&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,118,016,702&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized from opening balance of contract liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (62,471,630)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized from contract liabilities arising during 2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (2,055,218,506)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:82.12%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.43%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 74,227,696&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bBgzkj8T1EK-wnUpVFomVA_1_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">60718426</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability>
    <niu:CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uW7ClIyOHE2kb054iaa2aQ_2_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2852443422</niu:CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat>
    <niu:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cpZSJaIo1kC9bNX3LAfbcA_3_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">50024734</niu:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_r5df1D3oUkO3gmCVEuJg9w_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-2789235984</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ih9QBxHE2kesDRU9QjA9AQ_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">73901130</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability>
    <niu:CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uohEYpAtE0GjOTtSYOGWOg_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2118016702</niu:CashReceivedInAdvanceNetOfVat>
    <niu:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_vDwnxrT6t0-M0_nOdFwxpw_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">62471630</niu:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedFromOpeningBalance>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_blkqLO8oR0GonaquS20yGA_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-2055218506</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dLFph353xUqO-VaLORYQuw_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">74227696</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiability>
    <us-gaap:GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_F25_EgFPOkKzDKQj0Ls5lA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(s)&#160;&#160;&#160;Warranties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group provides for the estimated costs of warranties at the time when revenue is recognized. The specific terms and conditions of those warranties vary among different parts of electric scooters. Factors that affect the Group&#x2019;s warranty obligation include product defect rates and costs of repair or replacement. These factors are estimates that may change based on new information that becomes available during the reported period. The portion of the warranty reserve expected to be incurred within the next 12 months is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities while the remaining balance is included within other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:GuaranteesIndemnificationsAndWarrantiesPolicies>
    <us-gaap:CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_XurFw_DlPUOfURmpvLYHPg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(t)&#160;&#160;&#160;Cost of Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Cost of revenues mainly consists of the cost of products sold, logistics costs, write-downs of inventories and warranty costs.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_Ax6pdHmtAEO6ZMM-5d52Xw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(u)&#160;&#160;&#160;Selling and Marketing Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Selling and marketing expenses mainly consist of advertising expenses, promotion expenses and payroll and related expenses for personnel engaged in selling and marketing activities. Advertising expenses, which consist primarily of online and offline advertisements, are expensed when the services are received. The advertising expenses were RMB160,415,978, RMB191,776,905 and RMB177,824,898&#160;for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_bbkebxlCGEK1SFE74HxO6Q"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160415978</us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense>
    <us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_VzPvcDLyTUSSw3V_R5ovMw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">191776905</us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense>
    <us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_2_ToFL9BF0OO_mssF1Sa5A"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">177824898</us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense>
    <niu:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_e-s5uurflE24brIDkWJbaQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(v)&#160;&#160;&#160;General and Administrative Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses mainly consist of allowance for doubtful accounts, payroll and related costs for employees involved in general corporate functions, professional fees, foreign currency exchange gains (losses) and other general corporate expenses, as well as expenses associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation and rental expenses.&lt;/p&gt;</niu:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_9ZfWnwUYm0uOOqB7qdAs5g">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(w)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Research and Development Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses mainly consist of payroll and related costs for employees involved in researching and developing new products and technologies, design and development expenses, and expenses associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation and rental expenses. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy>
    <niu:GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_Fmy8FZz-eUCqqiWmDtg7eQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(x)&#160;&#160;&#160;Government Grants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:normal;"&gt;Government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions attached to it and the grant will be received. Grants that compensate the Group for expenses incurred are recognized in the Group&#x2019;s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) on a systematic basis in the same periods in which the expenses are incurred. Grants that compensate the acquisition cost of an asset are recorded as a liability in the Group&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets and are recognized in the Group&#x2019;s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) over the useful life of the asset. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, nil of liability was related to the government grants that compensate the acquisition cost of an asset. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s government grants mainly consist of certain subsidies or tax refund from local government or industrial parks where its offices locate. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, RMB48,726,818, RMB16,385,038 and RMB2,968,735 of government grants are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), respectively. There were no significant commitment, contingencies or provision for recapture conditions for the government grants received for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.&lt;/p&gt;</niu:GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock>
    <niu:GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_5E9QZdvEDEKRrX-p3-f7Ig"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">48726818</niu:GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized>
    <niu:GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_QzzRKP-MS0-NxBx69tUOIw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">16385038</niu:GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized>
    <niu:GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_Jc0iKpk70kO27HoXVVRf2w"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2968735</niu:GovernmentGrantsSubsidiesRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_D2i26qlUoESz_chsCWlqCA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(y)&#160;&#160;&#160;Share-based Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company periodically grants share-based awards, including but not limited to, restricted share units and share options to eligible employees and directors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Share-based awards granted to employees and directors are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards, and are recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Forfeitures are accounted when they occur.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;A change in any of the terms or conditions of share-based awards is accounted for as a modification of the awards. The Group calculates incremental compensation cost of a modification as the excess of the fair value of the modified awards over the fair value of the original awards immediately before its terms are modified at the modification date. For vested awards, the Group recognizes incremental compensation cost in the period the modification occurs. For awards not being fully vested, the Group recognizes the sum of the incremental compensation cost and the remaining unrecognized compensation cost for the original awards over the remaining requisite service period after modification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Share-based compensation in relation to the restricted share units is measured based on the fair value of the Company&#x2019;s ordinary shares at the grant date of the award. The fair value is the closing prices of the Company&#x2019;s ordinary shares traded in the open market as of the grant date. Share-based compensation in relation to the share options is estimated using the Binominal Option Pricing Model. The determination of the fair value of share options is affected by the share price of the Company&#x2019;s ordinary shares as well as the assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, including the expected share price volatility (estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company and comparable peer public companies with a time horizon close to the expected term of the Company&#x2019;s options), risk-free interest rate, exercise multiple and expected dividend yield. The fair value of these awards was determined with the assistance from a valuation report prepared by an independent valuation firm using management&#x2019;s estimates and assumptions.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy>
    <us-gaap:PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_bpdO7lREs06CZWY1BCok6w">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(z)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Employee Benefits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s subsidiaries and the VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries in PRC participate in a government mandated, multiemployer, defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain retirement, medical, housing and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. PRC labor laws require the entities incorporated in China to pay to the local labor bureau a&#160;monthly contribution calculated at a stated contribution rate on the&#160;monthly basic compensation of qualified employees. The Group has no further commitments beyond its&#160;monthly contribution. Employee social benefits included as cost of revenues and expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) amounted to RMB31,122,424, RMB42,637,403 and RMB42,376,447&#160;for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansPolicy>
    <us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_v9hE8nT6vEmunrl42ZIleA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">31122424</us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized>
    <us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_Z98XYZA0wU2Rv7hG6-sjRw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">42637403</us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized>
    <us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_SHY-j_FJLEe54DlF20vDjg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">42376447</us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_N-jBxw-Se02oMlnsvvoAfg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(aa)&#160;Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Current income taxes are provided on the basis of net income (loss) for financial reporting purposes, and adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions. Deferred income taxes are provided using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax effects of temporary differences and are determined by applying enacted statutory tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse to the temporary differences between the financial statements&#x2019; carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset deferred tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred income tax assets if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred income taxes arising from a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) in the period of&#160;change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group applies a &#x201c;more likely than not&#x201d; recognition threshold in the evaluation of uncertain tax positions. The Group recognizes the benefit of a tax position in its consolidated financial statements if the tax position is &#x201c;more likely than not&#x201d; to prevail based on the facts and technical merits of the position. Tax positions that meet the &#x201c;more likely than not&#x201d; recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty&#160;percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits may be affected by changes in interpretation of laws, rulings of tax authorities, tax audits, and expiry of statutory limitations. In addition, changes in facts, circumstances and new information may require the Group to adjust the recognition and measurement estimates with regard to individual tax positions. Accordingly, unrecognized tax benefits are periodically reviewed and re-assessed. Adjustments, if required, are recorded in the Group&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements in the period in which the change that necessities the adjustments occur. The ultimate outcome for a particular tax position may not be determined with certainty prior to the conclusion of a tax audit and, in certain circumstances, a tax appeal or litigation process. The Group records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits (if&#160;any) in interest expenses and general and administrative expenses, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Group did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax&#160;positions. &lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_LkUa7C7jHE-RadWjIZ7cBA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(bb)&#160;Foreign currency translation and foreign currency risks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s reporting currency is Renminbi (&#x201c;RMB&#x201d;). The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiary incorporated at Hong Kong S.A.R., the United States and Singapore is the United States dollars (&#x201c;US$&#x201d;). The functional currencies of the Company&#x2019;s subsidiary incorporated in British Virgin Islands, Indonesia, Switzerland and Germany are Great Britain Pound (&#x201c;GBP&#x201d;), Indonesia Rupiah (&#x201c;IDR&#x201d;), Swiss Franc (&#x201c;CHF&#x201d;) and European Monetary Unit (&#x201c;EUR&#x201d;), respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The functional currency of the Company&#x2019;s PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries is RMB.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are remeasured into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rate at the balance sheet date. The resulted exchange differences are recorded as foreign currency exchange gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries incorporated at Hong Kong S.A.R., the United States, Singapore, British Virgin Islands, Indonesia, Switzerland and Germany are translated from the functional currency into RMB. Assets and liabilities are translated into RMB using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet date. Equity accounts other than earnings generated in the current period are translated into RMB using the appropriate historical rates. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated into RMB using the average exchange rates for the relevant period. The resulted foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and the accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders&#x2019; equity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The RMB is not a freely convertible currency. The PRC State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the PRC government, controls the conversion of RMB to foreign currencies. The value of the RMB is subject to changes of central government policies and international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China foreign exchange trading system&#160;market.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_YlR8QfDfxkGqL3gWSzELcQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(cc)&#160;Concentration and risk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Concentration of customers and suppliers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The following tables summarized the customer with greater than 10% of the total revenue and accounts receivable:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:61.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Greater than 10% of the total revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;background:#ffffff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Customer A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;319,208,693&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;12%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:44.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Greater than 10% of the accounts receivable &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Customer B&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 135,105,131&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;45%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 90,892,779&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;34%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Customer C&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 32,443,005&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;12%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.47%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Greater than 10% of advances from customers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Customer D&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,787,482&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;11%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,396,333&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;12%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The following tables summarized the suppliers with greater than 10% of the total purchase:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:54.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Greater than 10% of total purchase&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Supplier X&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 298,264,146&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;12%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 354,956,312&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;13%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Supplier Y&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 286,132,811&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;16%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;No suppliers individually represent greater than 10% of accounts payable of the Group as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="display:inline-block;width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The amount was less than 10% of total balance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Concentration of credit risk&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash, short-term investments and accounts receivable, net.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s investment policy requires cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash and short-term investments to be placed with high-quality financial institutions and to limit the amount of credit risk from any one issuer. The Group regularly evaluates the credit standing of the counterparties or financial institutions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group conducts credit evaluations on its customers prior to delivery of goods or services. The assessment of customer creditworthiness is primarily based on historical collection records, research of publicly available information and customer on-site visits by senior management. Based on this analysis, the Group determines what credit terms, if any, to offer to each customer individually. If the assessment indicates a likelihood of collection risk, the Company will not deliver the services or sell the products to the customer or require the customer to pay cash, post letters of credit to secure payment or to make significant down payments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Interest rate risk&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s short-term bank borrowing bears interests at fixed rates. If the Group were to renew these loans, the Group might be subject to interest rate&#160;risk.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk>
    <us-gaap:SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Group_Wl95Z4pd6kyoBMXPqwvqIw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:61.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:22.18%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.49%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Greater than 10% of the total revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;background:#ffffff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Customer A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.04%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;319,208,693&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;12%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:44.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Greater than 10% of the accounts receivable &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Customer B&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 135,105,131&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;45%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 90,892,779&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;34%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Customer C&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.09%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.68%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 32,443,005&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:7.1%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;12%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:80%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:42.95%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.47%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:20.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Greater than 10% of advances from customers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.56%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:53.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Customer D&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,787,482&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.56%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;11%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,396,333&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;12%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="11" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:54.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:17.23%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Greater than 10% of total purchase&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Supplier X&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 298,264,146&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;12%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 354,956,312&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;13%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:43.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Supplier Y&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 286,132,811&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:5.47%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;16%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:0.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:SchedulesOfConcentrationOfRiskByRiskFactorTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_3JJPkK7HmUyLoT7UckSDQw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3Lkrq4FTc0WJ58VC8EB4Gw_5_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">319208693</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_3JJPkK7HmUyLoT7UckSDQw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_MgUWuz4rpUCyhzfXVbubzw_5_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.12</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_Vs0AnYuIekO3cE4OTGNM9A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_fkdVNckOlkOMST-bC9qjNw_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">135105131</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_YAg6s-f-LUmi4n_IAwk0Cw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_37-3INMs2kCw2XqPjzmcdQ_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.45</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_jmawffnKmEawLjXYAeZ-eg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_6_kiMjaXhUi-SqVFgAN4tw_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">90892779</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_pJL2qmoCu02BlbSCnj54mg"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_pEpxxOpbREq0mAcr2ww9tQ_5_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.34</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerCMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_53W8oizscEeQqUbdFcE3aw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_snpnxyKkqU2P814TMBo1PQ_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">32443005</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerCMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_eCPfmjig002x0Cx2TIWkrQ"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_rxQTvEnd_kS7mYizLvIriA_6_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.12</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_W_fQnEwDGkWF8TQAzWIB9w"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_UTO-zmSK8kSzjCadYivMPg_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2787482</niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_HS56pfLnUEG6fbXlhJn3dw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_JMsVXSCq30qL5cx_uY6dyw_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.11</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_MgBmeN8q6kG9K1zXRwpS3A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_IOfD0AL7mkyugOo_3bvqqQ_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2396333</niu:AdvancesFromCustomersCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_MajorCustomersAxis_niu_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_niu_CustomerAdvancesMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_QaxDYWRdO0mK0QuT8j_8vA"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_D4bJ7BmF30GlWeRNTk_EJw_5_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.12</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_utnvPeIfCE2QVrfrn2oijA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_13ZfjTCDbUaXy2NJj2Kx-g_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">298264146</us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_utnvPeIfCE2QVrfrn2oijA"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_vpUiWbeNlkOgdFG2Pg37qA_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.12</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_Wq0ylAZUX0O6he62ZyXAVA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_gpZrpNMr1k2P8BmxkrhAeg_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">354956312</us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierXMember_Wq0ylAZUX0O6he62ZyXAVA"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_2lk4S06_4UCRbSgPr-s2Xw_5_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.13</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierYMember_-dqrYhPiD06FGaVZq6pb0Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_KX-Em8Y7n0iYGJYqnVuQrQ_6_10"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">286132811</us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsTotalMember_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_us-gaap_SupplierConcentrationRiskMember_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierAxis_niu_SupplierYMember_-dqrYhPiD06FGaVZq6pb0Q"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_61NNVOzIPEKgXS-4s7VXrQ_6_12"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.16</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_bhn4S1GhWEy7p7voiLddBg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(dd)&#160;Earnings (Loss) per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares or ordinary share equivalents outstanding during the year using the two-class method. Vested share options, which are exercisable for nominal consideration, and vested restricted share units are included in the calculation of the weighted-average number of shares of ordinary shares as ordinary share equivalents. Under the two-class method, any net income is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on their participating rights. A net loss is not allocated to participating securities when the participating securities does not have contractual obligation to share losses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares used in calculating basic net earnings (loss) per ordinary share and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding share option with the exception of vested share options with nominal exercise consideration and unvested restricted share units (using the treasury stock method). Ordinary equivalent shares are calculated based on the most advantageous conversion rate or exercise price from the standpoint of the security holder. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included in the denominator of the diluted earnings (loss)per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_Quitbz4P-kGi6YmU-iOQ5g">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(ee)&#160;Segment Reporting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. For the purpose of internal reporting and management&#x2019;s operation review, the Company&#x2019;s Chief Executive Officer and management personnel do not segregate the Group&#x2019;s business by product. All products and services are viewed as in one and the only operating segment.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NumberOfOperatingSegments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_3fvdTPgVuU29MSMhNDGV2A"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_segment_LqP1yNnIskebLGUoRsBMyg">1</us-gaap:NumberOfOperatingSegments>
    <niu:StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_QIDSdGkE5U26lS2Ub8_NSQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(ff)&#160;Statutory Reserves&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;In accordance with the PRC Company Laws, the Group&#x2019;s PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries must make appropriations from their after-tax profits as determined under the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the PRC (&#x201c;PRC&#160;GAAP&#x201d;) to non-distributable reserve funds including statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund. The appropriation to the statutory surplus fund must be 10% of the after-tax profits as determined under PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the statutory surplus fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of the PRC companies. Appropriation to the discretionary surplus fund is made at the discretion of the PRC&#160;companies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund are restricted for use. They may only be applied to offset losses or increase the registered capital of the respective companies. These reserves are not allowed to be transferred to the Company by way of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor can they be distributed except for liquidation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Group&#x2019;s PRC subsidiaries made appropriations to the statutory reserves of RMB20,875,864, RMB42,654 and nil, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;</niu:StatutoryReservesPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <niu:AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="2"
      id="Narr_EJBF18o5g0uWoTsqtQNQGQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.10</niu:AppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundPercentageOfProfitNetOfTax>
    <niu:CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="2"
      id="Narr_0IMETEIfJE2FHorbItATNw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.50</niu:CriteriaForAppropriationToStatutorySurplusFundMaximumThresholdAsPercentageOfRegisteredCapital>
    <niu:AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_bJv9r4ZYaEGqoSiKe9x5OQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20875864</niu:AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves>
    <niu:AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_mUY_zXA0aEiva2ID__Opfw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">42654</niu:AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves>
    <niu:AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_vVmoUsMyMUeTHzsto9EVYA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</niu:AppropriationsToStatutoryReserves>
    <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_Iwthp6lvJkOhVBibs_unDg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(gg)&#160;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (&#x201c;FASB&#x201d;) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, it provides new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment. The guidance will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statement disclosures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disaggregated information about the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The guidance will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statement disclosures.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_ITUk-qF1Z0yhgdeVHqKm0Q">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;3. SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments consisted of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Aggregate cost basis&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 160,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Gross unrealized holding gain&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 406,301&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Aggregate fair value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 160,406,301&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s short-term investments represent wealth management products issued by commercial banks in the PRC which are redeemed upon demand of the Group. The wealth management products are invested in debt securities issued by the PRC government, corporate debt securities, bank deposits, central bank bills and other securities issued by other financial institutions. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were no gross unrealized holding&#160;losses.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_h-VMVpugGEyeN0duLugZKw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Aggregate cost basis&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 160,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Gross unrealized holding gain&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 406,301&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Aggregate fair value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 160,406,301&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_DnC0yN1uh06vohp1Ta4diQ_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160000000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zOc9SA_E80O66i3mpjVnPA_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">406301</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_F0qKxy5lRkW2bdkC7At91A_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160406301</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_DnWLfsWge0OGnYFR45VaqQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_ZccZDTSbK064YDS_fk0Bog"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_eVnu0iihMk642cKCF3I2ZA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accounts receivable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 329,336,616&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 263,994,880&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Allowance for doubtful accounts&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (29,593,693)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (169,038,710)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 299,742,923&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 94,956,170&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The movement of the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance at the beginning of the year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,307,381&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,549,366&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 29,593,693&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Additions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,272,454&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25,044,327&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 139,445,017&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Write-off&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (30,469)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance at the end of the year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 4,549,366&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 29,593,693&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 169,038,710&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:LoansNotesTradeAndOtherReceivablesDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_ySqMTfJW8kaGLJkAlHJk8w">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accounts receivable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 329,336,616&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 263,994,880&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Allowance for doubtful accounts&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (29,593,693)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (169,038,710)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 299,742,923&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 94,956,170&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_RZX1CNom-UyIwlydaPQU9Q_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">329336616</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Yqgsb17JVkOfC3D2jxgl3A_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">263994880</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_w5KtVBtgL0iRHuZ5Co8YDQ_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">29593693</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_C8rX-wyJ0kiIPfD7XMicoQ_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">169038710</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_x-qZM-wUTkK4cxAtN2j73Q_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">299742923</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_GkBSHJVzvk-CaiH4pR_gbA_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">94956170</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_tybw8KMWjkqQdvZ5X8SXeQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.22%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance at the beginning of the year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,307,381&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,549,366&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 29,593,693&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Additions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,272,454&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25,044,327&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 139,445,017&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Write-off&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (30,469)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.83%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance at the end of the year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 4,549,366&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.52%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 29,593,693&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 169,038,710&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:AllowanceForCreditLossesOnFinancingReceivablesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ICIgVah5jEG9RdPuUNXm0w_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3307381</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_deDBtAVkZEeMXpg8VcKtTw_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4549366</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7a4TOLDaf02XQuSkTufDOw_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">29593693</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_KS55-FQ8GEGrT6ceB_RggQ_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1272454</us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TewnxcYVU0CaD2yDQ06mrg_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">25044327</us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_fK73vEOuFEe1eOUYEhxqGg_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">139445017</us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_b_0GA7R5Lk6lBDf3yPGXYg_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">30469</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_O__Hd0c0a0qlvZqOTIsK2A_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4549366</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_H5GuV3niKUqZR2WTmrQcCQ_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">29593693</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_j8yc1rkV-EafAtJYt6utGQ_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">169038710</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:InventoryDisclosureTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_x3X5lH8uT0-MrGcEEFKzuA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;5. INVENTORIES&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Inventories consisted of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Finished goods&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 267,036,620&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 244,373,815&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Works in progress&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 69,290&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,925&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Raw materials&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 149,903,238&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 148,409,401&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Inventories&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 417,009,148&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 392,790,141&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Write-downs of inventories from the carrying amount to its estimated net realizable value amounted to RMB3,679,669, RMB8,991,793 and RMB21,681,652 were made for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively, and were recorded as cost of revenues.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:InventoryDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_qK-E5ZtUykaVWJ_KVW1avg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Finished goods&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 267,036,620&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 244,373,815&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Works in progress&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 69,290&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,925&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Raw materials&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 149,903,238&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 148,409,401&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Inventories&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 417,009,148&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 392,790,141&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TM7O49mhK0mMbkNUclhgDA_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">267036620</us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods>
    <us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_14cJFdiIV0yBA4x_11u1Mw_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">244373815</us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods>
    <us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PEc2p3B-qEa_eVTmQARxQw_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">69290</us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess>
    <us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_JDvExNgaoka2Dugdn1vV6g_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6925</us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess>
    <us-gaap:InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZTGLVRMYL0O72IK7WeOahg_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">149903238</us-gaap:InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies>
    <us-gaap:InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cvib6z_T1kqAA4ZqA_RTcA_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">148409401</us-gaap:InventoryRawMaterialsAndSupplies>
    <us-gaap:InventoryNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kPy1Y2QpvkWdquXKPykS7Q_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">417009148</us-gaap:InventoryNet>
    <us-gaap:InventoryNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TupiMUEgIkqHBaJPSrHGww_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">392790141</us-gaap:InventoryNet>
    <us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_Z1picCMQOkye1cVR0IaUKg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3679669</us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown>
    <us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_88TCaYZ5hkOKcGsCN7p6Mg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8991793</us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown>
    <us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_jYovN_kohEqPlWjwdJwVtg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">21681652</us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown>
    <niu:PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_q5sR74zCEEaeLb5g-VlJ2g">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;6. PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Prepayments and other current assets consisted of the&#160;following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Deductible input VAT and VAT rebates receivable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 104,391,993&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 123,335,099&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Prepayments to suppliers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 54,722,157&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 35,692,402&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Receivable from online platforms&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,555,500&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,258,397&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Deferred charge&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,359,452&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,722,400&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Interest receivable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,916,240&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,357,967&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Income tax receivable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,349,602&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,450&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Others*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,400,773&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,696,414&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Prepayments and other current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 205,695,717&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 195,072,129&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Others mainly include deposits receivable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</niu:PrepaymentsAndOtherCurrentAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_QmBWU-tGsEKIm2yw3gsw6A">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Deductible input VAT and VAT rebates receivable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 104,391,993&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 123,335,099&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Prepayments to suppliers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 54,722,157&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 35,692,402&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Receivable from online platforms&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,555,500&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,258,397&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Deferred charge&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,359,452&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,722,400&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Interest receivable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,916,240&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,357,967&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Income tax receivable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,349,602&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,450&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Others*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,400,773&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,696,414&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Prepayments and other current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 205,695,717&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 195,072,129&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Others mainly include deposits receivable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidTaxes
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_c9Sclo05eEuuiT8Z-RKYfg_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">104391993</us-gaap:PrepaidTaxes>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidTaxes
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_py78WOXFbUu1BDObFpAiKw_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">123335099</us-gaap:PrepaidTaxes>
    <us-gaap:Supplies
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_eZugFWI2HUScvJwzeqZqPA_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">54722157</us-gaap:Supplies>
    <us-gaap:Supplies
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ujoA9rsuOEyoEsmIwt9ckQ_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">35692402</us-gaap:Supplies>
    <us-gaap:OtherReceivables
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_rP1Nojgj7k2K_nM1WF_cPQ_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11555500</us-gaap:OtherReceivables>
    <us-gaap:OtherReceivables
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_wi1d0aaRaU2gfoQRzDWwBw_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">12258397</us-gaap:OtherReceivables>
    <us-gaap:DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_tKi98Duf0kS6nB_8ANdx-A_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">14359452</us-gaap:DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CqSoOgpbUEm9uI8cIq0LxA_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11722400</us-gaap:DeferredCostsCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:InterestReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FAB0EpLVcEyhvVVC9uINmQ_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1916240</us-gaap:InterestReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:InterestReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_9GcGgorKtkSSjg7k7rlJ1Q_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7357967</us-gaap:InterestReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxesReceivable
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_KIZo9qv-P0GVCJx3_vkuRg_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13349602</us-gaap:IncomeTaxesReceivable>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxesReceivable
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Mm7vj11IY0mWC2fGKXGK8g_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9450</us-gaap:IncomeTaxesReceivable>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_QRD2mA99Ck-gd3P2F_JVOA_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5400773</us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3Dgv162DGU2cRbqxsW36pw_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4696414</us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_y6-KO5lSs02ArW6hWqLLVA_12_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">205695717</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VvvmWqv6skaemeCwgeF_WA_12_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">195072129</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_Tr8OdwQstESrtXfBeZVDGg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Property, plant and equipment consisted of the&#160;following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.21%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Furniture &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 380,987,667&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 375,782,740&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Machinery and equipment &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 135,365,960&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 173,869,199&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Building&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 148,449,403&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 149,465,476&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Office and electronic equipment &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 31,868,495&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 33,252,080&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Leasehold improvement&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,778,718&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,792,479&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Motor vehicles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,811,160&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,811,160&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Property, plant and equipment&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 711,261,403&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 746,973,134&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Less: Accumulated depreciation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (313,904,608)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (423,860,768)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Property, plant and equipment, net&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 397,356,795&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 323,112,366&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment was allocated to the following expense&#160;items:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cost of revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 19,702,392&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 23,554,266&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 26,811,275&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,856,968&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,113,535&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,057,825&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Selling and marketing expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 62,949,248&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 104,721,594&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 107,996,726&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,092,290&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,381,707&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,641,514&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total depreciation expense&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 93,600,898&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 140,771,102&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 147,507,340&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_cjHf853adUetD-NK3dHXJw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.21%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Furniture &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 380,987,667&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 375,782,740&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Machinery and equipment &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 135,365,960&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 173,869,199&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Building&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 148,449,403&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 149,465,476&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Office and electronic equipment &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 31,868,495&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 33,252,080&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Leasehold improvement&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,778,718&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,792,479&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Motor vehicles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,811,160&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,811,160&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Property, plant and equipment&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 711,261,403&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 746,973,134&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Less: Accumulated depreciation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (313,904,608)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (423,860,768)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Property, plant and equipment, net&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 397,356,795&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.28%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 323,112,366&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_GoZSBSwA0UqNPnpoi3BbAQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_IBkDZJchUEmOPVDk49VNHQ_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">380987667</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_0BdcBb7jKkGZrIYMG7tw8A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_OWpCqHaSzEmJ-dSP25ND9w_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">375782740</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_4gw4GVMbI0mrnVez2V3fzA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bdXdoq07oEm-3wBi_9AesQ_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">135365960</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_eyXX5t_Chk-BOijXjnWmBw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cKqYcuILWE-edBzWDjPPQg_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">173869199</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_9t0MWCqmY0urO2hbHq-QxA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_KzRdAcVTS0mCPHmQHb8JZA_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">148449403</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_BuildingMember_ash29zfx8E6i_TVHIQBMbA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lf5MU3yIREuU4L596JE6VA_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">149465476</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_YerAz4tUV02g5g8A6YOqew"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1sjief600E-fCPbn9ZYL-w_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">31868495</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_1CpipKNCy0yQCTG94ySFOQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZgkXWX7it0KKWuEIaSKWFQ_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">33252080</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_NjHz_tOV9UavVjLk555YTg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_rKasXRsv3EKWUgJKJwKSEA_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10778718</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_fZXMdeozMECj0JhlbCI7GQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_mqxUmrsyIkqzPggIne1Acg_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10792479</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_19nyTjDHd0-y6KH1cCSWqg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_2oXNK3kvykOyZAi_Op8p3g_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3811160</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_us-gaap_VehiclesMember_NjT4bawxfkmU0s11prghGQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dKkxVQRd3kGvJn6ATjTghQ_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3811160</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_YGV5SIFJNECE-u1yxt7yWg_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">711261403</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_9vXEhlIMykOTiLWsW1l_EQ_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">746973134</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_sm5AMz2GIk-fn4W2LUVTdg_12_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">313904608</us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_89JNN_NQrEmZCPhKWD4Mfw_12_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">423860768</us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ntl6oN1wqUusgLDf2XmiBQ_14_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">397356795</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_A-LLQ_xXOkWGVIrUzZb1xQ_14_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">323112366</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <niu:DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_RdzcUKpvZ0yhAoe8oghMZA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cost of revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 19,702,392&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 23,554,266&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 26,811,275&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,856,968&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,113,535&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,057,825&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Selling and marketing expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 62,949,248&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 104,721,594&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 107,996,726&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,092,290&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,381,707&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,641,514&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.67%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total depreciation expense&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.37%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 93,600,898&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 140,771,102&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 147,507,340&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</niu:DepreciationExpensePropertyPlantAndEquipmentTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_XEcI_SH3pE-sSrqpzVPtLg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dll_-t381kSGeDOA0CFhbA_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">19702392</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_mRudbltL10ea92JiAA-hnA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_y2cvdrCvAEWFI_dDgFrVVw_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">23554266</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_ASRhET5nrUKk2RhgEhb9hQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1Hy_uhktAUaV121RwU-V7g_4_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">26811275</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_WG1pc_8lrEOY_bymyMVsew"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3LH3M5dh402lbpuHrLtHqg_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7856968</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember__CZFuZYbskeC8vavSWDHhw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_oiN0C-KerUCpls85ftOICg_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8113535</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_P6Dd69lsoUu91Bu0Eo26bA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_LhC8Am22wk25roMR4aJmKw_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9057825</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_fkEDuiKmUk-PB8WZqfUDmw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_4Eyo1_IYLUWDclLSPsX4cQ_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">62949248</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_YuKV1LdF40-ZcarMzNFsMg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_hqGeP_V4qkWqFVolq4Ehdg_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">104721594</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_Vwc9ChF7sE2p3sFWc9uNfw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AGkUyDSOrEiYjRW5KJ-Fqg_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">107996726</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_W2lfvZbbh0KCvbLNHBXe2Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_6OQa-vl8YUm3oKsIDq0ryQ_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3092290</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_XonR2eO7EEiaAM0AVzfy7Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CDar6pEYxk2asD6SdcTMUg_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4381707</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_wdSxrXkT0UqQos3lUiPESg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_u2RZkA4O5ECuhgNLIXG5jg_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3641514</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_V1iOlgZ0zEiCuLgLhIMvfw_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">93600898</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_eri3uI-zIkez15QBLCCYuA_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">140771102</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_o-So0475iUaTK1T9rauXTw_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">147507340</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_rzR5tJ3lV06hThTTpbaMyA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Intangible assets consisted of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:50.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Gross&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Amortization&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;carrying&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;carrying&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;period&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;amortization&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Trademarks&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;5-10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,983,153&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (8,503,451)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 479,702&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Domain name&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;5-10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,820,913&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (3,618,766)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 202,147&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;License&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,943,396&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (767,925)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,175,471&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 14,747,462&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (12,890,142)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,857,320&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:50.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Gross&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Amortization&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;carrying&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;carrying&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;period&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;amortization&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Trademarks&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_If5kjX9RkEWGRKn63eLGUw;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,130,529&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (8,976,570)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 153,959&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Domain name&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_PCxj2VxiEECapTNsgKNneA;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,826,626&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (3,655,316)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 171,310&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;License&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,943,396&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (962,264)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 981,132&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 14,900,551&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (13,594,150)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,306,401&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Amortization expense on intangible assets was allocated to the following expense items:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cost of revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 194,340&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 194,340&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 194,340&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,677,810&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,745,967&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 363,079&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total amortization expense&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,872,150&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,940,307&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 557,419&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, estimated amortization expense of the existing intangible assets for each of the next five years is RMB264,453, RMB264,453, RMB250,275, RMB248,986 and RMB248,986.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_H9tntL5_XkyvM4Tc91TBZw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:50.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Gross&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Amortization&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;carrying&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;carrying&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:47.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;period&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;amortization&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Trademarks&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;5-10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,983,153&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (8,503,451)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 479,702&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Domain name&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;5-10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,820,913&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (3,618,766)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 202,147&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;License&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,943,396&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (767,925)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,175,471&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 14,747,462&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (12,890,142)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,857,320&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:50.25%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Gross&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Amortization&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;carrying&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;carrying&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;period&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;amortization&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Trademarks&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_If5kjX9RkEWGRKn63eLGUw;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,130,529&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (8,976,570)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 153,959&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Domain name&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_PCxj2VxiEECapTNsgKNneA;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,826,626&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (3,655,316)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 171,310&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;License&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;10 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,943,396&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (962,264)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 981,132&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:47.43%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.81%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 14,900,551&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (13,594,150)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.82%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,306,401&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_Eu1Tl4UWtEyHjSnbMcb42w"
      id="Narr_QbJDVzdrQ0-hCDAxLYoudw">P5Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_5Ll-C1YjU0aLZkecDP5dDQ"
      id="Narr_OHqkq1GAAEumywoKT2Varg">P10Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_kAaanzgMkEmA1WAt8H5lCg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FuvtgdLVhEuFsGJAVPoxCg_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8983153</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_kAaanzgMkEmA1WAt8H5lCg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_6rtdNqD6fE6WpQ6XNNCP3w_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8503451</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_kAaanzgMkEmA1WAt8H5lCg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_SRcEJPLBzkmvhjJSzV97ew_5_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">479702</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_X9gAfk4DwkWedliz8ieB1A"
      id="Narr_QZ6gV0-3dkqO6FowuBbsdw">P5Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_CNZXqPgtA0-207nBehQ5qg"
      id="Narr_ofLq7P7DdUaT4teAV9affQ">P10Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_Eun9oalkkk6ED56jJQb0ig"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_BbL3_1C650eQC2aUZ80tIA_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3820913</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_Eun9oalkkk6ED56jJQb0ig"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_xLU_rci_OUmg_vIXJjBxFg_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3618766</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_Eun9oalkkk6ED56jJQb0ig"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_pD5tQRGZxk2Ld2tW4YENKg_6_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">202147</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_AbvC3HIgSUOax_EYatAdYw"
      id="Tc_pv7hTEfgYUW9LQVDiaEuuQ_7_2">P10Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_V_dvrV4_1kyEt7qCuySjMw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zLSMrJ5ToUqBiASWWUkV1A_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1943396</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_V_dvrV4_1kyEt7qCuySjMw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_a4ZfBIIcXU-LAHAD4XrycA_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">767925</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_V_dvrV4_1kyEt7qCuySjMw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kDr7zY_JS0q4biN_Wq3zOA_7_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1175471</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_DjQWeVvSvEC9BzGz_Y9Fzw_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">14747462</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Kj23uagyeEqkc3z4itjUpg_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">12890142</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cBt1_xGNJECxlhrSsXLeFg_9_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1857320</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_e5zMMs5QMU2B3m0Mk2VfMg"
      id="Narr_DoeJ3VQiOEmomqDhBEQo_Q">P10Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_uIlcA0eww0OBPIrdqr8HWg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_aXlK1RYynUq69-zLv-IaXA_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9130529</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_uIlcA0eww0OBPIrdqr8HWg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_gUgxAE1xOUSZqeQt-96JOQ_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8976570</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_TrademarksMember_uIlcA0eww0OBPIrdqr8HWg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NXuFHW7BakyZh81sHnNSvQ_5_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">153959</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_DJGYvi6xrUOtFypiajinLQ"
      id="Narr_fn6PEc5Ab0qGn687hRVmzA">P10Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_aaRqrBuA90WzVqUj2Y-THA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zavOQcFkWEi29yxvF-0_4g_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3826626</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_aaRqrBuA90WzVqUj2Y-THA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_KGGVdKKjZkqlIpl-yaaOVw_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3655316</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_InternetDomainNamesMember_aaRqrBuA90WzVqUj2Y-THA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_B0k6jGTbakSNTUc-XS6AqA_6_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">171310</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember__YX7v9Em4UuYGMytpHf5OA"
      id="Tc_oObqya7cdEuUnMCWnZfu-w_7_2">P10Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_2Vt9TLxcpUWWCOYDpnWoow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_9xDCteDtfkK4T9M3UxtqAw_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1943396</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_2Vt9TLxcpUWWCOYDpnWoow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_jcdS-CFyZU-MK7j6jMFGYg_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">962264</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_us-gaap_LicensingAgreementsMember_2Vt9TLxcpUWWCOYDpnWoow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_UHfUPWhoEECaRpILUr5ctw_7_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">981132</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_t6w7BllQ5kCkfMW7Idf8GQ_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">14900551</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_S-5bFpHEm0u_gKs-05cCzw_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13594150</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_tO8EgIIygEKrTuBz2xXw6w_9_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1306401</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_5m0SB8T26EaRZ8xSsHh1jg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Amortization expense on intangible assets was allocated to the following expense items:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cost of revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 194,340&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 194,340&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 194,340&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,677,810&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,745,967&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 363,079&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total amortization expense&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,872,150&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,940,307&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 557,419&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_XEcI_SH3pE-sSrqpzVPtLg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ybidLHyyf0WHpPmI_eILLQ_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">194340</us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets>
    <us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_mRudbltL10ea92JiAA-hnA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3KmUs4jGFkerovWDxUd1ag_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">194340</us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets>
    <us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_ASRhET5nrUKk2RhgEhb9hQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Pu_ZPRml_06E3NZlTpaWuA_4_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">194340</us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets>
    <us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_WG1pc_8lrEOY_bymyMVsew"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TvrUL08-LUmwb9TLHnkDSQ_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1677810</us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets>
    <us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember__CZFuZYbskeC8vavSWDHhw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VH5-gwiULE23iFsHQ9pKrA_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1745967</us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets>
    <us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_P6Dd69lsoUu91Bu0Eo26bA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dkMbl9foTk2oy4OECycZtQ_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">363079</us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets>
    <us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Z7QsqJcgdE-3rdw0l0qWng_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1872150</us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets>
    <us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_OAir-DTQRE2fy8QousRwEg_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1940307</us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets>
    <us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_sS7dbxfFeUSDSkkzwKNWfQ_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">557419</us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_JBEegrHcskm8AZRXWSeoig"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">264453</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_PeJFa3mPjU-aQlHZ1_Oggw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">264453</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_cWip1MpY5EKO_cRjMGUDAw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">250275</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_82ti4phpeEqzujT-S18hBg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">248986</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_6bNv6w_kbkKl6RRV_D7N2A"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">248986</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive>
    <niu:OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_VpfIIftk2EafdArvlXZa3Q">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;9. OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Other non-current assets consisted of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Prepayment for an investment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Deposits&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,376,350&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,728,406&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Prepayment for property, plant and equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,914,411&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,231,253&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,392,329&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,770,719&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Other non-current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 12,683,090&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 6,730,378&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</niu:OtherNonCurrentAssetsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_Z5ebnbrUlEKWKXnh6zBFfw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Prepayment for an investment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Deposits&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,376,350&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,728,406&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Prepayment for property, plant and equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,914,411&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,231,253&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,392,329&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,770,719&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Other non-current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 12,683,090&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 6,730,378&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherAssetsNoncurrentTextBlock>
    <niu:PrepaidInvestmentInEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_2Dqp1vzTh0i_8Oaw0STc2A_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7000000</niu:PrepaidInvestmentInEquity>
    <us-gaap:SecurityDeposit
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zVf4DQ96rU2zxUJifN852w_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2376350</us-gaap:SecurityDeposit>
    <us-gaap:SecurityDeposit
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_m409EfHRZUGujzHVESTJCA_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2728406</us-gaap:SecurityDeposit>
    <niu:PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZLkw-nhcW0ihAkZ0eaY5MQ_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1914411</niu:PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <niu:PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_u8m5D487ikWMkK1fDHdCiQ_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2231253</niu:PrepaidPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_BpA0kklUm0aepUN-xM8a0w_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1392329</us-gaap:OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kWUzbE56sUywpWzOd36mPQ_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1770719</us-gaap:OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_08tSGf5B7ECB9zrUM6zehA_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">12683090</us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_nDb3hXHfn0CPrEYSmwoCvg_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6730378</us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_kDVNFoZDVUWOfpIzwbdK7Q">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"&gt;10. SHORT-TERM BANK BORROWINGS&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Secured borrowing&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 160,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;In July 2021, a commercial bank in the PRC provided the Group with a &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_MQWxeSD9ckKbqUKecM-J1A;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;ten-month&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; short-term credit bank borrowing of RMB20,000,000 bearing interest of 3.5% per annum. In May 2022, the Group fully repaid this borrowing, and obtained a new &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_WGtW1H8hcU-4RiGx8otOig;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;one-year&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; short-term borrowing of RMB20,000,000 bearing interest of 3.3% per annum. In November 2022, the borrowing was fully repaid. As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance of this borrowing was nil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;In June 2021, the Group entered into a &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_fxxYv-mlJUumQroHbL025w;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;two-year&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; secured loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC, pursuant to which the Group is entitled to borrow a secured bank loan of up to RMB160,000,000. In June 2021, the Group drew down RMB160,000,000 under this facility agreement bearing interest of 3.5% per annum, and repaid RMB40,000,000 and RMB120,000,000 in September and December 2021, respectively. In December 2021, June 2022 and December 2022, the Group drew down RMB160,000,000 each under this facility agreement for three times, bearing interest of 3.2%, 3.0% and 3.0%, respectively, and fully repaid in June 2022, December 2022 and January 2023, respectively, and the cash collateral in this bank was released accordingly. As of December 31 2022, and 2023, total outstanding balance of these borrowings was RMB160,000,000 and nil, respectively, and the cash collateral in the form of a US dollar deposit held with the bank was equivalent to RMB176,204,380 and nil, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;In March 2023, the Group entered into a &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_7FZnOL4pN0-uoNeJcYaKPw;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;twelve-months&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; secured loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC, pursuant to which the Group is entitled to borrow a secured bank loan of up to RMB160,000,000. In June and August 2023, the Group drew down RMB41,380,805 and RMB58,619,195, respectively, under this facility agreement bearing interest of 3.2% per annum. As of December 31, 2023, the total outstanding borrowings were RMB100,000,000 and the Group provided cash collateral in the form of a US dollar deposit equivalent to RMB107,521,732 held with the bank.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the outstanding short-term bank borrowings bore a weighted average interest rate of 3.0% and 3.2% per annum, respectively, and were denominated in RMB. These loans were obtained from financial institutions located in the PRC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, unused secured loan facility amounted to nil and RMB60,000,000, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_s54j6pFZ7kiqhUkQVlx-eA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Secured borrowing&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 160,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 100,000,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_NO3PDLqEnUqFer2F14Wclg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_N31mw8bV7k6qC_9rVceIhw_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160000000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_a0IAHGXXx0GCgL9zLZv0ng"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uw3corZwsUmEOzBfup0rHw_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">100000000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="As_Of_7_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_aAaVv2zms0CC28QBLOxFHQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_WVvHYI40PECgrwtxw8Xo_w"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20000000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="As_Of_7_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_aAaVv2zms0CC28QBLOxFHQ"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_2TP1Is3rbUSh-5aFKzC3kw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.035</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="As_Of_5_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_rtBe2EMsCU6i4NqUV0bVXQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_RPieD74i5Ei4ZkPvfAHfLA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20000000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="As_Of_5_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_rtBe2EMsCU6i4NqUV0bVXQ"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_Lmr9p_yUNEOpwPI1sru_Cg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.033</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_UUjTEesuFU23Y7XrSWup6Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_4WAf6iXS4EWOGp94JPhGpA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="As_Of_6_30_2021_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_CgsuS7H1w0i2rFEBeLxWKA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_VqSWaVKpKE2DEA7wo5OF1A"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="Duration_6_1_2021_To_6_30_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_ewQ_r0trykSHa46CgxLnzw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_LX7aySqmc0-z4MpR-Eqvag"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160000000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_6_1_2021_To_6_30_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_ewQ_r0trykSHa46CgxLnzw"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_Tk8igqaeTU6nJvX1NO652g"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.035</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="Duration_9_1_2021_To_9_30_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_hdDLfuJ11E6RKfhcFJ8fUg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_EXUJ-n-uV0-h9ezKDojWWw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">40000000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="Duration_12_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_5NJ9LuEYgEea0XcokI8_JA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_4IPElTccM0CUT5x_iQfGjA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">120000000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="Duration_12_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_5NJ9LuEYgEea0XcokI8_JA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_dAsNUo3UeUuv7peTlbj4AA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160000000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="Duration_6_1_2022_To_6_30_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_bBIEYlUpoESkwYQofOjmxw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_6nNK8jVi70mO-oKiHFnytQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160000000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="Duration_12_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_dUwIg93lHEu7MKrW8pO9wg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr__oiznbZCHEeEkEvSriKYBQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160000000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_6_1_2022_To_6_30_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_bBIEYlUpoESkwYQofOjmxw"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_L52BlNQZUkmz1EleMyGaDA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.032</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_12_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_dUwIg93lHEu7MKrW8pO9wg"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_CIBfG6fNEkucYyLeXsjN_w"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.030</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_1_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_LMpOQcgXhkeYkxGXZgazKQ"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_atjKPlJV2k67cxhOERneCA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.030</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:LinesOfCreditCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_GiCUHku0Mky03i4j9WXYKw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_7p-HPVzMA02TiTrQ8998hA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160000000</us-gaap:LinesOfCreditCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LinesOfCreditCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_u2wC9iXgJE-EoTq9cqRd4Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_zA7e731hvECx44EBCGSVXg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:LinesOfCreditCurrent>
    <us-gaap:CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_GiCUHku0Mky03i4j9WXYKw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_50qjE_xcFkaMLo7SGjxGng"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">176204380</us-gaap:CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities>
    <us-gaap:CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwoYearSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_u2wC9iXgJE-EoTq9cqRd4Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_yDYYfZZHk0GtcPyFjMF59g"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="As_Of_3_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_gMrqZGxsDUKOvde48GpPsw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_IdC6KGNYQE6s_SQSRsxZYw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="Duration_6_1_2023_To_6_30_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_V4D6ydE10kWzXxUo898KlQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_YxLMgfk920iFpAMTm3kHNQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">41380805</us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="Duration_8_1_2023_To_8_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_jAgO19GLmUeomgAsPEJyOQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_VdjMv6AmkkSgpdpuy3LcvA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">58619195</us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_6_1_2023_To_6_30_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_V4D6ydE10kWzXxUo898KlQ"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_oUq00AzjDEygLJ1Ygs3qMw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.032</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_8_1_2023_To_8_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_jAgO19GLmUeomgAsPEJyOQ"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_355q7d3130y2pqUo6Mbdqg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.032</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:LinesOfCreditCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_hSfJqgRB8E648EQaju8Fxw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_3GtoWb_kBUOf22dRW0e4pw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">100000000</us-gaap:LinesOfCreditCurrent>
    <us-gaap:CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_niu_TwelveMonthsSecuredLoanFacilityWithCommercialBankMember_hSfJqgRB8E648EQaju8Fxw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_td6s3tj_eUmUmT_7ygBjtA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">107521732</us-gaap:CashCollateralForBorrowedSecurities>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_iOIDoFKjyECDjJF9I4zj5Q"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.030</us-gaap:ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_yFH1U-wztEOGyiwkwKNrZA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.032</us-gaap:ShortTermDebtWeightedAverageInterestRate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_qizgDdEgb0SGqt5qxvyAPg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_gzjaXUwAk0iTBarwY2RuEA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_niu_ShortTermBankBorrowingsMember_WZhpsAUQuUiMLD3rgnOp6g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_U5oFpWmXh0a-x59Icz-abQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">60000000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount>
    <niu:NotesPayableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_6ZHwpSgCh0micINLcmKcJA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;11. NOTES PAYABLE&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;In December 2021, the Group entered into a twelve-month loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC. Pursuant to this agreement, the Group was entitled to borrow a short-term bank borrowing and notes payable of up to RMB200,000,000.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;In April 2022, the Group entered into a twelve-month revolving loan facility agreement with a commercial bank in the PRC, and was entitled to extend maturity date to April 2024. Pursuant to this agreement, the Group was entitled to borrow a short-term bank borrowing and notes payable of up to RMB300,000,000. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, notes payable represent non-interest-bearing bank acceptance notes issued by the Group to suppliers that are due within twelve months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, unused loan facility amounted to RMB183,167,887 and RMB132,717,312, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;</niu:NotesPayableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_ZsdDFATxsEmpyMVjBRBTbA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_CllTKkFHYUaGWZFJXyVJCQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">200000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm
      contextRef="Duration_4_1_2022_To_4_30_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_GAjx6TzH00Ox4WvExfefNA"
      id="Narr_eIruoEfenEKhXM_zCkR5zA">P12M</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="As_Of_4_30_2022_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_niu_CommercialBankLoanInChinaMember_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_ry_8FrMgWUqy6AU8Wg4hGg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_jLo2AiDVQEa_bfuC0rfcuA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">300000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_TV9boRY2VEOjOWWhf7tweQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_gtjBZdrrp0CFy_deXQONGA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">183167887</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_us-gaap_NotesPayableOtherPayablesMember_tzgSGhuRvESa9cNqLDbS0g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_AUCaaXmqmEqkd98LeyIfGw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">132717312</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnusedBorrowingCapacityAmount>
    <niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_5sEAi9dAmk2yyzF9sHNU1A">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"&gt;12. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Refundable payment from franchised stores&#x2014;current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 41,735,515&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 39,203,959&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrued selling and marketing expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,506,658&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 29,159,625&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrued payroll and social insurance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 28,508,469&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,566,486&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Warranty&#x2014;current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 24,797,169&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,736,341&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Construction payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,512,545&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,372,306&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Operating lease liabilities&#x2014;current (Note 20)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,743,648&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,094,066&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Sales rebate&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,878,273&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,975,640&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Other taxes payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,813,540&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,542,993&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Interest payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 280,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 87,671&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Others*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 31,317,126&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 34,772,309&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 192,092,943&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 165,511,396&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;Others mainly include accrued professional fees and other general corporate expenses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group provides limited warranty to its end customers for terms varying from 6 months to 36 months, subject to certain conditions, such as normal use. For certain key components of electric scooter, the Group provides quality warranty varying from 12 months to 24 months. For lithium-ion battery packs, the Group provides a &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_vgM1-5mh10S1eI0guvGEPA;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-month or 20,000-kilometer warranty or a &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_ZObh1wVXwUCkCj2GQCYAfg;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;36&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-month or 30,000-kilometer warranty, depending on the model. For the other components of the electric scooters, the Group provides quality warranty varying from 6 months to 36 months depending on the parts. The Group is responsible for replacing or repairing the faulty products during their respective warranty terms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Movement of provision for warranty was as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrued warranty&#x2014;beginning of year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 59,195,896&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 47,788,122&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 33,812,290&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrual for warranties issued during the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 35,181,557&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,355,810&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 23,248,155&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Warranty claims paid&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (22,554,689)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (23,894,070)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (30,051,582)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Pre-existing warranty expired&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (24,034,642)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (10,437,572)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,683,024)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Accrued warranty&#x2014;end of year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 47,788,122&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 33,812,290&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 25,325,839&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrentTextBlock>
    <niu:ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_Yo6im-D7H0-g95teMVQCtw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Refundable payment from franchised stores&#x2014;current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 41,735,515&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 39,203,959&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrued selling and marketing expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,506,658&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 29,159,625&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrued payroll and social insurance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 28,508,469&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,566,486&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Warranty&#x2014;current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 24,797,169&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,736,341&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Construction payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,512,545&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,372,306&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Operating lease liabilities&#x2014;current (Note 20)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,743,648&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,094,066&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Sales rebate&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,878,273&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,975,640&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Other taxes payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,813,540&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,542,993&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Interest payable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 280,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 87,671&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Others*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 31,317,126&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 34,772,309&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 192,092,943&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.91%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 165,511,396&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;width:25.0%;border:none;margin:0 auto 0 0;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;"&gt;Others mainly include accrued professional fees and other general corporate expenses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</niu:ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <niu:AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_q5f-JfXa3Ua7EY8Wh66jBQ_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">41735515</niu:AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_fMJ05oJBUECV9HYKINQPEQ_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">39203959</niu:AccruedRefundablePayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_c-zpebu8IUqe2jeApdDqyA_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8506658</us-gaap:AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Wc9BXMfVVEOCavgwLy8aTg_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">29159625</us-gaap:AccruedMarketingCostsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_phHg6ujQJ0i2YrBpf5ntKg_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">28508469</us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HmXwspdZY0WiNAmzjyB9iw_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">17566486</us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_8Naf4hkOO0ad-oCNAIo5fQ_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">24797169</us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_yHuf-bNs7U6uowLdR7MJIw_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">16736341</us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualClassifiedCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ConstructionPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_5RK1x9GaEEmxLhVMnOQq_Q_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">16512545</us-gaap:ConstructionPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ConstructionPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_DYARShKH00ajsCnBd_gQ0g_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">14372306</us-gaap:ConstructionPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NdhPZb28NUW9fvuYxuqDMQ_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7743648</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_wkX83dpZSEynOzntK-artQ_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5094066</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedSalesRebateCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_a_81cTo5z0GjVpZCawo5_g_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13878273</niu:AccruedSalesRebateCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedSalesRebateCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1_OmoYJMHUmZ35LunsDLQw_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4975640</niu:AccruedSalesRebateCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZY8r5M2urkeYz4tp8AkeKw_11_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">18813540</us-gaap:AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_t6I7LzVHn02py7AWfUgCnw_11_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3542993</us-gaap:AccrualForTaxesOtherThanIncomeTaxesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:InterestPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_vKMZtev-kUO4LZV__4j5dg_12_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">280000</us-gaap:InterestPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:InterestPayableCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_jkFIU1XQ2U-wYpvSGxsxRw_12_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">87671</us-gaap:InterestPayableCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AZ9Ts5Ay40Gqdr5I17sNSA_13_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">31317126</niu:AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther>
    <niu:AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VScIWuclsUqXlnRJ8c3DTQ_13_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">34772309</niu:AccruedProfessionalFeesMarketingExpensesAndOther>
    <niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FoiIDlNTAUmMDODXwiYKtQ_15_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">192092943</niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_e4ahnV2ncE6Mf323FKNnjw_15_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">165511396</niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_gn-Bnv17zkOVABH1rouxKw"
      id="Narr_dRdp6kBrTkeioHgbrPR2Hw">P6M</niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm>
    <niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_Ff5OziNcakeaGTSwTCAn2Q"
      id="Narr_GhYpNxNTXkautB_xLFGvoQ">P36M</niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm>
    <niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_zbGO_8ryM0ytSFdOVoMvsQ"
      id="Narr_IT_CfGLlnU-ht9t2OTK6xg">P12M</niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm>
    <niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_KeyComponentsOfElectricScooterMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_dYSW86mCE0-QUMsIdvfh4Q"
      id="Narr_wOint7RMkUSGGfGnppOAtA">P24M</niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm>
    <niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelOneMember_S51lqJ1k80Cx3W0O0eqiPA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_T2TmJVV-xkWcxdT1GTHRNA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_km_G4bPJzouEEOIHAgPfLXtAg">20000</niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty>
    <niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_LithiumIonBatteryPacksModelTwoMember_wgANziC6c0GFTw0MG3nCEQ"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_XehILXPH1UexmQdv5Y8LnA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_km_G4bPJzouEEOIHAgPfLXtAg">30000</niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityKilometerWarranty>
    <niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MinimumMember_32l9oa6Y40uqwsNXOhfN1Q"
      id="Narr_CwG1sn1v_kSfSaJRk37gmw">P6M</niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm>
    <niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_SmartElectricScootersMember_srt_RangeAxis_srt_MaximumMember_a0QTUoozCUe1U1CvrmIxWQ"
      id="Narr_iuzmV-eYn0mreLtBmIaOrA">P36M</niu:ProductWarrantyLiabilityTerm>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_SiR64zc2PEq7O7Q6WnVdug">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrued warranty&#x2014;beginning of year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 59,195,896&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 47,788,122&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 33,812,290&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrual for warranties issued during the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 35,181,557&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 20,355,810&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 23,248,155&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Warranty claims paid&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (22,554,689)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (23,894,070)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (30,051,582)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Pre-existing warranty expired&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (24,034,642)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (10,437,572)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,683,024)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:65.44%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Accrued warranty&#x2014;end of year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 47,788,122&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 33,812,290&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 25,325,839&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfProductWarrantyLiabilityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_N2yTT1J-z0eXCmpZvUPFWg_3_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">59195896</us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual>
    <us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_myHdXat2HEO3BrsyePhlzQ_3_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47788122</us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual>
    <us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_f7-pJHV3c0atx0vIW56IwA_3_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">33812290</us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual>
    <us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_oyYf2EVZv0aPI9MhkF_rMw_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">35181557</us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued>
    <us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_M6Kw81mGME2sHr0KiYicIA_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20355810</us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued>
    <us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_mTXWWlK3s0Cv2U10J-cwJg_4_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">23248155</us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualWarrantiesIssued>
    <us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WqZb8CylOUyhuAMa1XHgxQ_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">22554689</us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments>
    <us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_gUkZyuZnZkeQX0XCT2mVDA_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">23894070</us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments>
    <us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_JFq_el8960a69wOtadGW0w_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">30051582</us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualPayments>
    <niu:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_W5LArV7F10mYj9nmrFYiiw_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">24034642</niu:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration>
    <niu:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bXZV-S2XtEmdX2DJBtbOrA_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10437572</niu:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration>
    <niu:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_B9DITfh0aUO-SDE8S2IvYw_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1683024</niu:StandardProductWarrantyAccrualDecreaseForExpiration>
    <us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_H5zzf49FLUKKL0L-oHV5Lw_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47788122</us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual>
    <us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VQSzebVO_USPpZZEPW6YWg_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">33812290</us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual>
    <us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_yPXr1GGZ9EKWaRC7MF_XJQ_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">25325839</us-gaap:StandardProductWarrantyAccrual>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_OASWUeg870ecY3WJzrKMIg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;13. OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:normal;"&gt;Other non-current liabilities consisted of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Warranty&#x2014;non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,015,121&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,589,498&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Refundable payment from franchised stores&#x2014;non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,233,466&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 379,021&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,192,795&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Other non-current liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 13,441,382&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 8,968,519&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_uvYn9MCbs0CPeo17MXhNGw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:21.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As of December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Warranty&#x2014;non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,015,121&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,589,498&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Refundable payment from franchised stores&#x2014;non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,233,466&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 379,021&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,192,795&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:76.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Other non-current liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.51%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 13,441,382&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.41%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.5%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 8,968,519&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WSJIRBppHkiLEiFitO3vmQ_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9015121</us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_MR4sL8jVpEqmEfeY-4Q_pg_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8589498</us-gaap:ProductWarrantyAccrualNoncurrent>
    <niu:RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_6Y_vlqkq9kO0Fnb8GfHJWQ_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1233466</niu:RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent>
    <niu:RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_yPYtj6B4-kmr8cS1FQ8zdA_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">379021</niu:RefundablePaymentFromFranchisedStoresNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_gV-W8QbUhEeQMJhGfFYhyQ_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3192795</us-gaap:OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_M5D-qkIG306Ud1cWFk5xDA_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13441382</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_MCFXgbR_cUSecCz7iPWscA_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8968519</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_m6f3SWX6I0ugaJysAPCsMQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;14. ORDINARY SHARE&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s authorized share capital is US$500,000 divided into 5,000,000,000 shares comprising of (i) 4,900,000,000 Class A ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.0001 each, (ii) 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.0001 each and (iii) 50,000,000 shares with a par value of US$0.0001 each of such class or classes (however designated) as the Board of Directors may determine in accordance with the Company&#x2019;s Memorandum and Articles of Association.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. Each Class A ordinary share entitles the holder to one vote on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of the Company, and each Class B ordinary share entitles the holder to four votes on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of the Company. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;On May 17, 2021, a Class B ordinary shareholder converted 1,440,000 Class B ordinary shares to Class A ordinary shares.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2022, there were 137,719,542 Class A ordinary shares and 16,542,020 Class B ordinary shares outstanding.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, there were 138,575,010 Class A ordinary shares and 16,542,020 Class B ordinary shares outstanding.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock>
    <niu:AuthorizedShareCapital
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_89REW3Tuekam_HBarijowg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">500000</niu:AuthorizedShareCapital>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_OGn7eL-BhkyEhQRF_wU2Sg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">5000000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_l0moHdJmEkmno_CxqZrKYg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">4900000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_XBlRsdSIAUKM2XbOEOHuoQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">0.0001</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_5TfU67SdFkOSv4hoM_zhcA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">50000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_GBiOJlE2gEWpTc9rdlht6w"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">0.0001</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_niu_CommonClassOtherMember_osWGFc2jdkG9-ZSAA0CtDw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_oY8aCR9yIkyh3QEkKLxuzw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">50000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_niu_CommonClassOtherMember_osWGFc2jdkG9-ZSAA0CtDw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_ooLLoHtezE64yt-nBWuZPQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">0.0001</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1
      contextRef="Duration_5_17_2021_To_5_17_2021_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_8klqBh4F4EKFu5-3bvz7UQ"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_NF-gKjeuCUCO0HXPmbN9_w"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">1440000</us-gaap:ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_Erg66mrYrUiPfSjf6v5oBA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_Zjg9GNLnf06aaRShBL1kVw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">137719542</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_xIub_d1e7EGDA4Cw7RWvLA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_cODY-fyFK02edhQ0i6OoRw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">16542020</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_aOnJSAWua0-W1DFEvacwWA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_-AWyoe5MqkWnTqX7yNtUTw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">138575010</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_dA3cdJdZMUmOK2mtFEbuSw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_zlX2MC7cXU-xC5A1jOyf0A"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">16542020</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_zjvEpcFZ4EalH4SbFhYJCA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;15. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"&gt;Share options and restricted share units&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;a)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;"&gt;2016 Global Share Incentive Plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top:10pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;In January 2016, the Company&#x2019;s Shareholders and Board of Directors approved 2016 Global Share Incentive Plan and amended it in March 2018 (the &#x201c;Amended 2016 Plan&#x201d;). Under the Amended 2016 Plan, a maximum aggregate number of 5,861,480&#160;ordinary shares may be issued pursuant to all awards granted. Share options or restricted share unites expire 10 years from the grant date. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;text-align:justify;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;b)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-decoration-color:#000000;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:solid;"&gt;2018 Share Incentive Plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top:10pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;In September 2018, the Company&#x2019;s Shareholders and Board of Directors approved the 2018 Share Incentive Plan (the &#x201c;2018 Plan&#x201d;). Under the 2018 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares available for issuance is 6,733,703 ordinary shares, which shall be increased by a number equal to 1.5% of the total number of ordinary shares issued and outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, each fiscal year during the term of the 2018 Plan, if determined and approved by the Board of Directors for the relevant fiscal year. The Board of Directors has approved annual increases of 2,285,407, 2,305,212 and 2,313,923 ordinary shares for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, representing 1.5% of total issued and outstanding shares as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, pursuant to the 2018 Share Incentive Plan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;A summary of the share options activities under the Amended 2016 Plan and the 2018 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2023 was presented below:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;average&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;remaining&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Aggregate&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;exercise&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;contractual&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;intrinsic&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;price&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Outstanding at January 1, 2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,414,608&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2.11&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Exercised&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (464,300)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.20&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Forfeited/Expired&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (7,250)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.20&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Outstanding at December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,943,058&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 2.34&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 4.56&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,190,466&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Exercisable as of December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,943,058&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 2.34&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 4.56&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,190,466&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Compensation expenses recognized for share options for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense&#160;items:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cost of revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,318&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Selling and marketing expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,235,102&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,936,414&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 905,764&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,018,126&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,862,189&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,191,242&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,649,255&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,008,382&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,047,542&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total share options compensation expenses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 12,910,801&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 10,806,985&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 6,144,548&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;No share options had been granted for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023. The total intrinsic value of share options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, were RMB77,271,754, RMB3,708,615 and RMB4,799,425, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were RMB15,732,201, RMB10,976,490 and RMB11,027,023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, total unrecognized compensation expense related to share options was nil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;A summary of the restricted share units activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was presented below:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;average&#160;grant&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;date&#160;fair&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Unvested as of January 1, 2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,890,658&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.59&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Granted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 232,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2.31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Vested&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,507,862)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.44&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (611,722)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.30&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Unvested as of December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 2,003,074&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 4.53&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"&gt;The restricted share units are generally scheduled to be vested over four equal annual installments, except 128,000 restricted share units were granted in 2022 with vesting in two equal annual installments under the 2018 Plan. For the year ended December 31, 2023, 232,000 restricted share units were granted with vesting in four equal annual installments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Compensation expenses recognized for restricted share units for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense items:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cost of revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 838,515&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,224,796&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,237,902&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Selling and marketing expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,057,530&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,497,270&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,085,924&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,043,898&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,499,553&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 19,462,704&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,367,412&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,190,582&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,728,226&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total restricted share units compensation expenses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 34,307,355&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 47,412,201&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 41,514,756&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, RMB48,330,116 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted share units was expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.92 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total share-based compensation expenses recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense items:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cost of revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 846,833&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,224,796&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,237,902&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Selling and marketing expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,292,632&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 15,433,684&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,991,688&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,062,024&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 22,361,742&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 21,653,946&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,016,667&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 19,198,964&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,775,768&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total share-based compensation expense&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 47,218,156&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 58,219,186&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 47,659,304&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="As_Of_3_31_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_bdk2fhw3Z0-lOkNkM6tSFw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_jgv7zJ1fD0WfFzbEFTQkTg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">5861480</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_3_1_2018_To_3_31_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_GlobalShareIncentivePlanMember_Cf7GZROJtkigzjFaGAkfWQ"
      id="Narr_z3_9B79MF0GCfAw-yhpCrA">P10Y</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="As_Of_9_30_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_n_wvDWIYFUu5iFbrefCr8Q"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr__3VoU0sPJUCi9uA5G2Tl8w"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">6733703</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum
      contextRef="Duration_9_1_2018_To_9_30_2018_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_YJS5JIFOxEe08TI4UmSD9Q"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_XBrrqkWAWEuAQcymvhD7jg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.015</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_P74Tyv7oF0KJYgqqmTXx5g"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_x-S5Zrp9yECKp3M63iM6eA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">2285407</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_sBNFsFdvWUSmxdIWg2zRHw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_AnYnKhIv-UKLf9wxGm0R9g"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">2305212</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_4qfubFks2EW1p8WUz7a02w"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_ssvdcEA5I0a_BmPn5hyWjg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">2313923</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2020_To_12_31_2020_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_OgP5L8MxjkaH9g-9H66Htg"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_HFuGJmMN90muSXKY0TAWXA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.015</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_P74Tyv7oF0KJYgqqmTXx5g"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_XL7Cwmr-cUm6RRaPf25Fww"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.015</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ShareIncentivePlan2018Member_sBNFsFdvWUSmxdIWg2zRHw"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_UF-L75Q0HUWhsgbxmg8pkA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.015</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_zMolsORzqEexc92odmjdhw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;A summary of the share options activities under the Amended 2016 Plan and the 2018 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2023 was presented below:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;average&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;remaining&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Aggregate&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;exercise&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;contractual&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;intrinsic&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;price&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Outstanding at January 1, 2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,414,608&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2.11&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Exercised&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (464,300)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.20&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Forfeited/Expired&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (7,250)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.20&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Outstanding at December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,943,058&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 2.34&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 4.56&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,190,466&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:57.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Exercisable as of December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.85%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,943,058&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 2.34&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 4.56&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,190,466&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Z7U0b2Nea0uyto0FnSt8lA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_Zsw7FSUyWkKYqNRPTC4pIw_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">4414608</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Z7U0b2Nea0uyto0FnSt8lA"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_ifVYtK6c9kGUs_ZO08mvEg_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">2.11</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_w1_URew4p0uZUb8yMfgjIg_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">464300</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_BCKxF7U7EkumQsm0dN9Sgw_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">0.20</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_CwPbQYQ_6EuNh0vcb-jkgw_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">7250</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_G409GcdeMEWw7E8drz2QLg_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">0.20</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_QUmozlBIvEK5quigK8TujA_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">3943058</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_xnLh-Te9fUGI0UzIMPtgNA_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">2.34</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww"
      id="Tc_8MJ9CrGgi0qy0oPzgeUItQ_9_6">P4Y6M21D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_8JHiRYg4v0-ZXcXrczoMTQ_9_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">1190466</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_Vjujs2yzNkew3EsOpnhBXg_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">3943058</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_nnjHXbFLzkCy9mvaU-P1Ew_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">2.34</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww"
      id="Tc_FCyudfX70k-Llb7troa9xw_10_6">P4Y6M21D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Eese423VtUCxkdWxz_1Udg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_MUHn0qXpB0SM10tMPn0d-g_10_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_USD_9v6-g08pUUSiT-WT4FvwOw">1190466</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_eE-2YksTV0OOkz6YbnqOnw"
      id="Tb_5khPha81TEiDvAAfW1IRsQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Compensation expenses recognized for share options for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense&#160;items:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.26%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cost of revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,318&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Selling and marketing expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,235,102&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,936,414&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 905,764&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,018,126&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,862,189&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,191,242&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,649,255&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,008,382&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,047,542&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.8%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total share options compensation expenses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 12,910,801&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.13%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 10,806,985&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.15%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 6,144,548&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;No share options had been granted for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023. The total intrinsic value of share options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, were RMB77,271,754, RMB3,708,615 and RMB4,799,425, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were RMB15,732,201, RMB10,976,490 and RMB11,027,023, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_XfUlioHuvkeTE6ynKRiZKA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_xIHn7cGZ7U2ZKvKzqFJXJQ_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8318</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_39PYaeQS-EmHQNG2ECVbFA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Oqiokg8bf0qGt2xiOL3FDQ_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2235102</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_BKLDuNY-qkerfHQPXfc5hA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NBLo-Rw_XEy8YHp2AxbEBQ_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1936414</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_tqapIIf0D0mwzR4wfNVXHg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_j62utpQgxkmjYasCQsyEmw_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">905764</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zd66NfydVEeAZRDtqBYfTA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_J5VbbthUL0mcUQL_1Hc81w_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4018126</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_1__Js1QnEk2siyYgZoMHOA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_xq7sS9_vqUeAYwuXbO4yag_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3862189</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_fTTzgVEZkkeDls4i5_M5og"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_YzZPW8jh_E2ngXzR481SjA_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2191242</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_qCL6lIdLG0ugeOWlx5nUUg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_rFc0vErQ9Em_OI_0NTqZBA_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6649255</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_EOs5SstHnk6y8WpVunNu0g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc__qW5voDGH0SWbbGyDWlkVA_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5008382</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_ehS-2b0Wt0yr6BY10hjMkw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_q0zu-X_7eEuayqXXVChjOA_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3047542</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_ykjpsjjLr0-C2sMrkTfNoQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1FpH6NLlCE6nGDhpRh3mzg_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">12910801</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_b5t2QWBoo0GdoafbOATjow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_XVi2TkBnLEuJ4k-rOyARww_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10806985</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_eE-2YksTV0OOkz6YbnqOnw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_2uZrR5K6m0aRvQGCEV4KKA_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6144548</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_rDAVseOtEEyjKHqkToUvOQ"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_wAYG4PLsI02la_H3ehwJXQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">0</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_W77D69QjL0yi9cLscn9QwA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_e00009WKIUeIRivSPMyHTQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">0</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_stB1xHH730C2-HAYl_grdw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">0</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_rDAVseOtEEyjKHqkToUvOQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_rczVzLpNQkuARTwUPj8Jgw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">77271754</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_W77D69QjL0yi9cLscn9QwA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_OYzUhYADjEqatYw68yt8og"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3708615</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_yYMqpRyUuEiALRM6qy1HiQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4799425</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_rDAVseOtEEyjKHqkToUvOQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_8f_ooJ-n3EiMSxp-NK-euw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">15732201</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_W77D69QjL0yi9cLscn9QwA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_kvPO6blU1kGl2IG89vNspA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10976490</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_Amended2016PlanAnd2018PlanMember_Ux8yDDngB0SZUZ1Jf0a6Ww"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_44yhLreeE06lU6LOuGIfMg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11027023</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_AxIkC0k8kESiFASLwmE5FQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_OmCAVtFQM0qo4viMd7TPIg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized>
    <us-gaap:NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_cXgJgIll5EGZEOWlT70-3w">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;A summary of the restricted share units activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was presented below:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Calibri','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;average&#160;grant&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;date&#160;fair&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Unvested as of January 1, 2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,890,658&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.59&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Granted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 232,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2.31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Vested&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,507,862)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.44&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (611,722)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4.30&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.54%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Unvested as of December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.33%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 2,003,074&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.32%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.89%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 4.53&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:NonvestedRestrictedStockSharesActivityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_4L8d61shKEy2SU4c66_JXA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_V7ayUjNCTUa1bXf6u-2Y2Q_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">3890658</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_4L8d61shKEy2SU4c66_JXA"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_Mr2wiI0HjEC2ToEUcMiCcg_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">4.59</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_O6XZPDDdUUKWhXc5OVqTOw_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">232000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_0iBpy3QuoUSN7WYJnx3brg_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">2.31</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_NpTYQC0ZCUGJyT18xXx3dw_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">1507862</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_yL19xnGI3ECoguAIqnIsUw_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">4.44</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_UdhhSiwQrkerWSdsx3RCGQ_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">611722</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_6nJUhxf72E6DHblzE6-9_g_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">4.30</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_bWdmlSnrcU2p8MEKEH1elg"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_m7oqJGY3k0SF-54EeYxEHQ_12_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">2003074</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_bWdmlSnrcU2p8MEKEH1elg"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_893qnnZSSEiHBdSrnwfBiw_12_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">4.53</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <niu:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_s5tP1DdD20yRy6WWzrdNxg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_installment_OI0AxVGhE0qjnSLonqehpQ">4</niu:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_VestingAxis_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_DKVYqsZaqEO_QSdSFPU8ow"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_LO6D7DB2x0Ocb0iVhYaQJw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">128000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod>
    <niu:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_VestingAxis_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_S66Pl82zgEqfeYUQlX3Scw"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_Sot5H553KEqiFzTCIeRjKg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_installment_OI0AxVGhE0qjnSLonqehpQ">2</niu:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_niu_ArrangementWithGranteesModificationToPlanMember_Ai6WJ304o0C-1HsijYIWeg"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_NBfCFKoGK0CC_b7DimkZCQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">232000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod>
    <niu:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_VestingAxis_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember_DKVYqsZaqEO_QSdSFPU8ow"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_j3V2jm8fFUG_H85Ly2lbpQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_installment_OI0AxVGhE0qjnSLonqehpQ">4</niu:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfEqualInstallmentsForGrantOfAwards>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw"
      id="Tb_QwCHh5sBzkCsg3Pucq3_vw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Compensation expenses recognized for restricted share units for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense items:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cost of revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 838,515&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,224,796&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,237,902&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Selling and marketing expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,057,530&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,497,270&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,085,924&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,043,898&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 18,499,553&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 19,462,704&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,367,412&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,190,582&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,728,226&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total restricted share units compensation expenses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 34,307,355&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 47,412,201&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 41,514,756&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_LYCsvlV_9UO4ip4BWXj9Kw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_E7kHymsKOU6dVYel0dkOrA_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">838515</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_c7ibVYJX9Emq0RbffSFV5w"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_pOTMKH9rI0qrTMSrLb64RQ_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1224796</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_2Ud5-fkpEUScJwllT8ZHWw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_p4WhdjDN906xhTInKFJGTQ_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1237902</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_v8ijbTzDAkOeoiUibk8mLQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3SCSNfTeBEKQdIPaMP1q-w_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11057530</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_qfsKZjbDVUCsL4HyyXfzyg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_0b0ZBi01J0O_PiFQFRvqgQ_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13497270</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_q2rvfhcH20WJYOZETjYY1Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PtivTDfhCUyTdWT3ecaYBA_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9085924</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_FXbEnQyjzEWxbCF37rcsng"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HAOE9wEkcEGZ58P0vGO1Tg_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13043898</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_e3bDz8bGBUazL1e7L8DR6A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZP3p5Xoej0aFQhynxmUFjQ_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">18499553</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_clk4jZuTu0WPwZEz6foefA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_8rP5TcKS0UymsIaTqSlHWw_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">19462704</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_wGR3uo0agEaB7mAAwjQzVA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_eObm9XAH40KAdLzTSlx4Cw_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9367412</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_7MlPZnfy7E2B6U6yMZ2gww"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_m_PkV7I0cEeMj96s_VhPag_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">14190582</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_aUewr1qKuEO7cDMdbva5KA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ejk0C9xx6kCowMGALhjpBA_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11728226</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_fmMfWdhIDEaqwe286etOJg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FkN8tVPrNkqhVsDolLRJSA_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">34307355</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_Xr-cqZcpfUuhRQOMKISycw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lIfR6kZgt0euQPe8gUz4Cw_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47412201</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_6mUxjDdFzUmvQ_-pbmtRCA_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">41514756</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_bWdmlSnrcU2p8MEKEH1elg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_ezRLIZz7ekWOpL0wxbmqwg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">48330116</us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_F_wk2YXkvEyY2JwyC85GHw"
      id="Narr_jl8a67-2REKFFrb_JOm_hA">P1Y11M1D</us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_8d0kwDGQ5E-I4tcnULSp_A">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Total share-based compensation expenses recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were allocated to the following expense items:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:32.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cost of revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 846,833&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,224,796&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,237,902&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Selling and marketing expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,292,632&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 15,433,684&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,991,688&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 17,062,024&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 22,361,742&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 21,653,946&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;General and administrative expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,016,667&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 19,198,964&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,775,768&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.95%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total share-based compensation expense&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 47,218,156&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 58,219,186&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.6%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 47,659,304&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_XEcI_SH3pE-sSrqpzVPtLg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Cyg62uqGtEuTa3WcchQeTQ_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">846833</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_mRudbltL10ea92JiAA-hnA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_H_k5dZqGw0GpYLYBbhborA_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1224796</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_ASRhET5nrUKk2RhgEhb9hQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_8nms4No0k0ei8vmNaGJwbw_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1237902</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_fkEDuiKmUk-PB8WZqfUDmw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Kv-lVHOXJUSjNykn8oHszA_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13292632</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_YuKV1LdF40-ZcarMzNFsMg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ItnYBTfYoE-zERIH1Gz08w_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">15433684</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember_Vwc9ChF7sE2p3sFWc9uNfw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_y_dSyuWMakaTIwocp4McPQ_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9991688</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_W2lfvZbbh0KCvbLNHBXe2Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Mrw8lS-570W8j5_nl-MNUA_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">17062024</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_XonR2eO7EEiaAM0AVzfy7Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iq0xBsxPm0yCaDu5ft2Zyw_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">22361742</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_wdSxrXkT0UqQos3lUiPESg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Otsh8swZ9EO-kPwdOoSOLg_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">21653946</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_WG1pc_8lrEOY_bymyMVsew"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zkmw9nSDMEKcomDQG7I2Jw_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">16016667</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember__CZFuZYbskeC8vavSWDHhw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_V5RV2SBQ_0OuC-gHLi8RwA_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">19198964</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_P6Dd69lsoUu91Bu0Eo26bA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VoSb3zuTqUqe9lHBDHUVCA_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">14775768</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uOsfIiTbg0ec5jAkbQOXPg_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47218156</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_SUGofD5wVUCnBdvVz4qswQ_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">58219186</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_gRJb2wxzfkWBgL0LHegk_Q_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47659304</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_DeHBswO_6ESsh2McOKOTLw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;16. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The following tables presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Level&#160;1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Level&#160;2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Level&#160;3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair&#160;Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments (Note&#160;3)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 160,406,301&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 160,406,301&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;There was no financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2023.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_8Fckuf8Q2UK0ndyZkr0A3w">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:31.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Level&#160;1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Level&#160;2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Level&#160;3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Fair&#160;Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:54.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments (Note&#160;3)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 160,406,301&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.6%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.9%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 160,406,301&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_UjWPCLqZCUWhfzBicN5jTw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_nU1Ua9HtoEWnbvsdCGplWA_3_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160406301</us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cmLkHUmhREui2fB6Px6AFQ_3_8"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">160406301</us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_7dtjzWH5Nky8Xk24UTYrnA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure>
    <us-gaap:AssetsFairValueDisclosure
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_ZIsNeft_XUePvIXnUei35Q"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</us-gaap:AssetsFairValueDisclosure>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_NjoS-qWWE0mIFMHAU1xchQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;17. INCOME TAX&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;a)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Income tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Cayman Islands&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on income or capital gain. Additionally, the Cayman Islands does not impose a withholding tax on payments of dividends to shareholders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;No stamp duty is payable in respect of the issue of the shares or on an instrument of transfer in respect of a&#160;share.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;United States&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Under the current U.S. federal corporate income tax, the Company&#x2019;s subsidiary in United States are subject to 21% income tax on its taxable income generated from operations in United States. The company&#x2019;s subsidiaries have no taxable income for all periods presented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;British Virgin Islands&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands (&#x201c;B.V.I.&#x201d;), entities incorporated in the B.V.I. are not subject to tax on their income or capital gains.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Under the current laws of the Republic of Indonesia, the Company&#x2019;s subsidiaries in Indonesia are subject to 25% income tax on its taxable income generated from operations in Indonesia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Hong Kong&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Under the Hong Kong tax laws, subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the Hong Kong profits tax rate at 16.5% and they are exempted from income tax on their foreign-derived income and there are no withholding taxes in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends. A two-tiered profits tax rates regime was introduced in 2018 where the first HK$2 million of assessable profits earned by a company will be taxed at half of the current tax rate (8.25%) whilst the remaining profits will continue to be taxed at&#160; 16.5%. There is an anti-fragmentation measure where each group will have to nominate only one company in the group to benefit from the progressive rates. The Company did not make any provisions for Hong Kong profit tax as there were no assessable profits derived from or earned in Hong Kong for any of the periods presented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"&gt;PRC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group&#x2019;s mainland China subsidiaries, the VIE, and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries are subject to the PRC Corporate Income Tax Law (&#x201c;CIT Law&#x201d;), and are generally subject to a statutory income tax rate of 25%. Under the CIT Law, preferential tax treatments will be granted to entities which conduct businesses in certain encouraged sectors and to entities otherwise classified as &#x201c;High and New Technology Enterprises&#x201d; (&#x201c;HNTE&#x201d;). Jiangsu Xiaoniu and Beijing Niudian were qualified as HNTEs and enjoy a preferential income tax rate of 15% for the fiscal years from 2021 to 2023 and &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_xzmrLM8Bck24mMJGeBXvWQ;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to 2024, respectively. An entity could re-apply for the HNTE certificate when the prior certificate expires. The foregoing preferential income tax rates, however, are subject to periodic review and renewal by PRC authorities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The CIT Law also provides that an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country or region but whose &#x201c;de facto management body&#x201d; is located in the PRC be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of 25% for its global income. The Implementing Rules&#160;of the CIT Law define the location of the &#x201c;de facto management body&#x201d; as &#x201c;the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, property, etc., of a non-PRC company is located.&#x201d; Based on a review of surrounding facts and circumstances, the Group does not believe that it is likely that its operations outside the PRC should be considered a resident enterprise for PRC tax&#160;purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cayman&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (9,397,404)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (10,448,513)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,192,264)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (881,810)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (984,230)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,268,462)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hong Kong S.A.R.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (6,700,069)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (14,613,793)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (7,930,644)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;B.V.I.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (278,774)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (48,100)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (840,681)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;PRC, excluding Hong Kong S.A.R.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 289,836,300&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (44,894,563)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (270,748,715)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 272,857,017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (71,219,873)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (282,028,866)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Current income tax expense (benefit)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 42,715,007&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (15,677,411)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 759,425&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred income tax expense (benefit)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,321,601&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (6,079,533)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (10,952,309)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 47,036,608&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (21,756,944)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (10,192,884)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Withholding tax on undistributed dividends&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The CIT law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a foreign investment enterprise (&#x201c;FIE&#x201d;) to its immediate holding company outside of China, if such immediate holding company is considered as a non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within China, unless such immediate holding company&#x2019;s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. The Cayman Islands, where the Company is incorporated, does not have such tax treaty with China. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion in August 2006, dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5% (if&#160;the foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the FIE). The Group plans to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings of the Group&#x2019;s PRC entities, and therefore, no provision for PRC dividend withholding tax was accrued.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Reconciliation of the differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and the Group&#x2019;s effective income tax rate for the&#160;years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are as&#160;follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Computed expected income tax expense (benefit)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 68,214,254&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (17,804,968)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (71,077,803)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Non-PRC entities not subject to income tax&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,244,821&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,581,327&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,820,038&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses bonus deduction&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (23,328,287)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (34,910,421)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (30,807,283)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Non-deductible share-based compensation expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,015,406&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,866,734&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,742,974&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Other non-deductible expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 723,768&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 638,898&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,491,593&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Preferential tax rate difference&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,075,033)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,301,540&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tax filing differences&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,682,378&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,770,720)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 229,108&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Change in valuation allowance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (16,515,732)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,717,239&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 67,106,949&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Actual income tax expense (benefit)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 47,036,608&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (21,756,944)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (10,192,884)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Effect of preferential tax rates on basic earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.02&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.05)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Effect of preferential tax rates on diluted earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.02&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.05)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:6pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Deferred income tax assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net operating loss carry forwards&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 33,325,461&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 74,876,303&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrued warranty&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,071,844&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,798,876&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Advertising expense&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,113,991&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,470,357&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,938,710&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Allowance for doubtful accounts&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,037,684&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 41,878,340&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Lease Liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,334,705&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,099,451&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Write-downs for inventories&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 825,208&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,529,042&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Less: Valuation allowance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (40,764,285)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (107,782,306)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total deferred income tax assets, net&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 17,300,974&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 29,452,407&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Deferred income tax liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Operating lease right of use assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,334,705&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,099,451&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 60,946&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Property, plant and equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,171,103&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,968,429&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total deferred income tax liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 12,566,754&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 11,067,880&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net deferred income tax assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 6,132,499&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 20,747,021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net deferred income tax liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;1,398,279&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2,362,494&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, the Group had net operating loss carry forwards of RMB334,224,635 attributable to the PRC subsidiaries, the VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries. Tax losses of nil, RMB29,986,636, RMB21,713,526, RMB75,298,399 and RMB207,226,074 will expire, if unused, by 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027 and 2028, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;A valuation allowance is provided against deferred income tax assets when the Group determines that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be utilized in the foreseeable future. The valuation allowance as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 was primarily provided for the deferred income tax assets of certain PRC subsidiaries, VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries. In making such determination, the Group evaluates a variety of factors including the Group&#x2019;s operating history, accumulated deficit, existence of taxable temporary differences and reversal periods. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible or utilizable. Management considers projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Changes in valuation allowance are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Balance at the beginning of the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 41,219,052&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 24,508,473&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 40,764,285&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Additions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,567,822&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25,114,239&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 68,593,841&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Reduction&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (22,278,401)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (8,858,427)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,575,820)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance at the end of the year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;24,508,473&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 40,764,285&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 107,782,306&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;According to the PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitation is three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent. The statute of limitation is extended to five years under special circumstances where the underpayment of taxes is more than RMB100,000. In the case of transfer pricing issues, the statute of limitation is ten years. There is no statute of limitation in the case of tax evasion. The income tax returns of the Company&#x2019;s PRC subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries for the&#160;years from 2019 to 2023 are open to examination by the PRC tax authorities.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_US_fx6z95hMY0a2QsSib8CUWQ"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_AvrFfjbBMUmrFOP29hpKpQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.21</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_L7ApZIrDmkOW8M3A_XDbIg"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_fposSts_kEW8Hz-LD0fbpg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.25</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_gMnzhk-wo02J0MyUatyypA"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_AXwauUNEIUyChCFqgec2qg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.165</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_gMnzhk-wo02J0MyUatyypA"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Narr__hbP-7mhSUWBbQ_9Me2k_Q"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_HKD_YGyGN6R-mE2LZGbCv9SDew">0</us-gaap:AdjustmentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation>
    <niu:ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2018_To_12_31_2018_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_6sYI1pISY0iRS_sApedD1w"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Narr_jaiI8eintU6aEjluGttgSw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_HKD_YGyGN6R-mE2LZGbCv9SDew">2000000</niu:ProfitTaxedAtHalfOfCurrentTaxRateUnderTwoTieredProfitsTaxRatesRegime>
    <niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2018_To_12_31_2018_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_6sYI1pISY0iRS_sApedD1w"
      decimals="4"
      id="Narr_Bd8j7EvXv02DxCFnWjIc3Q"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.0825</niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtHalfOfFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_gMnzhk-wo02J0MyUatyypA"
      decimals="3"
      id="Narr_h2U1f3Nz6k2nQzu1pwFoEQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.165</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_zW-pcFeiLEK0m9pJMOmKmg"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_nUGBNrV7EkW3YFaGRwzljA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.25</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_zW-pcFeiLEK0m9pJMOmKmg"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_qa2_G9aT0UmP_evQj-fYbQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.25</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_OwnershipAxis_niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_uEIl81OE306VCwGY_WQNow"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_UQSY9qMJbU-ilFy-Ify9dA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.15</niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent>
    <niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_OwnershipAxis_niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_ssFimEy7lEOCkowUUN648A"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_3-7xZuGK1EqVFaBqXOaSXQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.15</niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent>
    <niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_OwnershipAxis_niu_JiangsuXiaoniuMember_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_VX5D9StKe0-jxVC1Yw38HQ"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_6718qJXmxk2FkYSfXsgmtw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.15</niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtPreferentialIncomeTaxRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_zW-pcFeiLEK0m9pJMOmKmg"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Narr_eC6gae0VskOIRKwWMzMEWQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.25</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_4evsSn4Q3kuNjG5HD8wwww">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.37%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cayman&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (9,397,404)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (10,448,513)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,192,264)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (881,810)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (984,230)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,268,462)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Hong Kong S.A.R.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (6,700,069)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (14,613,793)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (7,930,644)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;B.V.I.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (278,774)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (48,100)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (840,681)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;PRC, excluding Hong Kong S.A.R.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 289,836,300&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (44,894,563)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (270,748,715)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.05%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.57%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.2%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 272,857,017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (71,219,873)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (282,028,866)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_KY_E6DLfb5SlEaIZU7jC62N7Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_IyEDEW9wTES6MDPb3q8ujQ_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-9397404</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_KY_xrgar0ia7kmj1cTOR52afA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_myh2Qk76YEeeky2vaIBlYg_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-10448513</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_KY_J96yfxI7XUqLzGeqrUHrAQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CQu68VyTMkyd59JWO8pf6w_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-1192264</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_9nvOzy33kEeM3tgHfE-qTg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_rikBKCBIKUaiHneJvVs4QA_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-881810</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_1rsY55RJdkiGWRySpfOPrQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_qTfDf2d_s0G5O8DE5x_bUw_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-984230</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_ID_L7ApZIrDmkOW8M3A_XDbIg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_q98aeLQYz0WpnLhP0OS0ig_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-1268462</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_7ojZEGi1iEurn8zQJmPexg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_LSIwcOvGAkCfgAcslopTOQ_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-6700069</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_QH7YZ83yT0mxA8Ov7JqNuw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_wSzR1GhCGkqufPY98yG8Nw_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-14613793</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_HK_gMnzhk-wo02J0MyUatyypA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lpb6fTpIHk21hJCjXS-BCA_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-7930644</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_VG_RZiZrhKtikGhfhDZFkgImw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_hl9-mgNNq0KEFoNJP5QC5g_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-278774</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_VG_mooluSOVKkCqDH5rXxMNwg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3Z-XzCizZkeYbvzDAo4WQw_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-48100</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_CountriesOtherThanCaymanIndonesiaPrcAndBviMember__FZc7axZNEWsuT5yKoGpJA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AQORMg3TAEinsM36UGYJIA_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-840681</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_x2gPx_Lz60qhef3KCBVxBg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Izh31KLgLEqBH96Xvjm8KA_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">289836300</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_owDyuEAgt0mgLPxSWBa4Yg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ta53FV8sqk6xDE8Q3Jt46w_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-44894563</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_PublicRepublicOfChinaExcludingHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionMember_936I0pLCNUyxCcThF4G3IA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_nlOzF4vtK0GFE416UgZ01w_10_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-270748715</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kzT2dsJ_mE6eyfRx8jc0Xg_11_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">272857017</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ug7T1aMYEkeBLEQMwbgNBA_11_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-71219873</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_-zOe2yWWKUG2V9ZB_kBTSQ_11_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-282028866</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_hxIgLiF6G0Wf5LTf9DWQSQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.43%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Current income tax expense (benefit)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 42,715,007&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (15,677,411)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 759,425&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred income tax expense (benefit)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,321,601&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (6,079,533)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (10,952,309)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 47,036,608&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.89%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (21,756,944)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.24%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (10,192,884)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_IDS8cg2kJUS5jx6cE5uNHA_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">42715007</us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Xx-UF9h1Wk64_CWTo1xPmw_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-15677411</us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_qt2sJoB-gEaov7iTH9Wcrg_4_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">759425</us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Uqpkog72nk-xJnduSc9m0A_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4321601</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_tAsQW-h_-kSrUSbZusf_iQ_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-6079533</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_rPuktDWBoE-aTxTLOstzrQ_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-10952309</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lFcloxQaNEKQARp9zLWrWQ_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47036608</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_8YXiAE9tvEOvsQUzGcZDGQ_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-21756944</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_OK3FBr2g7kKKTE35iSNuRQ_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-10192884</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <niu:MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Narr_my1ZflFx-0ej5BFAJMsvNw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.05</niu:MaximumWithholdingIncomeTaxRateIfForeignInvestorOwnsAtleastTwentyFivePercentOfSharesInForeignInvestment>
    <niu:MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="2"
      id="Narr_41uis8T6VkyOltFkdUwrZg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.25</niu:MinimumPercentageDirectlyOwnedByForeignInvestorForLowerWithholdingIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_YcidkFJCakG7C2FWyDxQdA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Computed expected income tax expense (benefit)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 68,214,254&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (17,804,968)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (71,077,803)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Non-PRC entities not subject to income tax&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,244,821&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,581,327&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,820,038&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Research and development expenses bonus deduction&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (23,328,287)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (34,910,421)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (30,807,283)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Non-deductible share-based compensation expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,015,406&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 13,866,734&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 11,742,974&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Other non-deductible expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 723,768&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 638,898&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,491,593&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Preferential tax rate difference&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,075,033)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,301,540&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Tax filing differences&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,682,378&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (3,770,720)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 229,108&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Change in valuation allowance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (16,515,732)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,717,239&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 67,106,949&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Actual income tax expense (benefit)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 47,036,608&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (21,756,944)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (10,192,884)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Effect of preferential tax rates on basic earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.02&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.05)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.24%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Effect of preferential tax rates on diluted earnings per Class A and Class B ordinary share&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.75%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.38%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 0.02&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.05)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_76xgUgOhwU2GM_28BeHcHg_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">68214254</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3BAvJ9iwXU6uq0i6lQR_VQ_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-17804968</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_SLOYrLGPLEW7VDhM5cOgXQ_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-71077803</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PmKx8qivekOYexB93-tjmg_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4244821</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_A6duJLgNeEGAT7mfZ7FJqA_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6581327</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Jr2iH5HYhk-N3PheVM5jNg_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2820038</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_LK5RZviRbUuSMs7xuTZBqw_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">23328287</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_reMfbfWtGkK5S1v8aF23uQ_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">34910421</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZU7TEsFxiUy_gauJkFhYqA_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">30807283</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_f0oafKoYzE64NyQ37bhreg_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11015406</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_W2eEO6G2Zky5Aptsbly8iA_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">13866734</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lI-Fs6PWHEKv2JeGLadqrA_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11742974</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_f0ubNlkELU6ZHCdLnAYUsQ_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">723768</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uennqe1CME22O7EHC6iwNQ_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">638898</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zhZGaypaJECqErEJiHJepw_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2491593</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther>
    <niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HJwGXh3XpEmRvcI0WdmEtQ_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-3075033</niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference>
    <niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3rzeHTWFnUmBcJi9Uo2SkQ_10_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7301540</niu:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPreferentialTaxRateDifference>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_hsIl7DB4YEKI5Yu2AOeXwQ_11_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2682378</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_O7Q3_gV_HEm9KD3hKi_rnA_11_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-3770720</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uPP5Uyw6jkqAslL7tncd4Q_11_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">229108</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_RieR3k382U-ZA0kPVjEz8A_12_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-16515732</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iCc5HmIkIkeP7AHsHn5hCQ_12_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">16717239</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_H3n-ZgRRI02yN45OGAOJbQ_12_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">67106949</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NwbWDj1e6EqSISnZV3ghWQ_14_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">47036608</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_aLyU_bdFtEygBNQAvt9u4A_14_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-21756944</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1Xc3yFf8vUOPy8M8pp2_kQ_14_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-10192884</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <niu:EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_uUG_cQ1qcUW4VwnE-2NdSQ_15_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">0.02</niu:EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare>
    <niu:EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_xFGgpzWWq0-Kx8xTknzi_g_15_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">-0.05</niu:EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnBasicEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare>
    <niu:EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_uIZyDd9o0Emqngn2FDOxnA_16_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">0.02</niu:EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare>
    <niu:EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_TGFLDD7askyiXbYJWaJDMw_16_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_USD_shares_RgnH9KTBdEuDhpRXgAzoqA">-0.05</niu:EffectOfPreferentialTaxRatesOnDilutedEarningsPerClassAndClassBOrdinaryShare>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_QsTdKG5UaUGyYpJhDWZkPw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:6pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:24.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Deferred income tax assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net operating loss carry forwards&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 33,325,461&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 74,876,303&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrued warranty&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,071,844&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,798,876&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Advertising expense&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,113,991&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Deferred revenue&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,470,357&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,938,710&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Allowance for doubtful accounts&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,037,684&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 41,878,340&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Lease Liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,334,705&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,099,451&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Write-downs for inventories&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 825,208&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,529,042&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Less: Valuation allowance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (40,764,285)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (107,782,306)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total deferred income tax assets, net&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 17,300,974&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 29,452,407&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Deferred income tax liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Operating lease right of use assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,334,705&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,099,451&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 60,946&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Property, plant and equipment&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,171,103&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,968,429&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total deferred income tax liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 12,566,754&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 11,067,880&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net deferred income tax assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 6,132,499&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 20,747,021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:73.51%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net deferred income tax liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.88%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;1,398,279&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.31%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2,362,494&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_0IuP_xbikkepHRUj1vsHGw_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">33325461</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Ht_i4bp1lUGKSLBi4c51yw_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">74876303</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_RCxIfjDerkmBOXhm85fxqQ_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5071844</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dsVGjmMlNky4InyDMSyWuQ_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3798876</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsWarrantyReserves>
    <niu:DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AIapk9qO1E2AY4SQ7Nu5qA_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2113991</niu:DeferredTaxAssetsAdvertisingExpense>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_pozLYpJqrk2E_1Dq9T2gPA_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8470357</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NwO7V_tFckyM0agBUKrQgw_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8938710</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_oFav113WI0m-uzjE_tVbsg_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7037684</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CZRw_HXKb0iHUXu9MgIDGg_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">41878340</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <niu:DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_G3bCQJFfvU26gkNQRDPbNg_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3334705</niu:DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities>
    <niu:DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_hobxEC56FUqw5Asqp1i1yw_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1099451</niu:DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsInventory
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AnKbIp7HyUCPgRkDD9eiZQ_11_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">825208</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsInventory>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsInventory
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_IetYO5RgcEGEJ-5_PLXFHA_11_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4529042</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsInventory>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_y5rJaQk2MkamCu57c0-k5A_12_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">40764285</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_D1znOCLXhUuoJK_mkyMmoQ_12_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">107782306</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_er8hw6K9ZkK1dI9gaDUQ-g_14_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">17300974</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Pvw38xHRo0eZzZo98HRXZQ_14_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">29452407</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_EHo_ROATBE6gVqugdp1r8g_17_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3334705</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_r8BI5MlKl0eoIsMMi2vk2w_17_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1099451</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VuiP0yndeUm_8I2xx6GzAg_18_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">60946</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesInvestments>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_SNacze2dgU6rKo4CZhzsZw_19_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9171103</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_B_L_GRKdsEyDVsnFTy2wvA_19_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9968429</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_x34L8Vf-YESDYpk9pSzIsw_21_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">12566754</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7gYnJ2nHkkWYLQ7zhsgD_Q_21_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11067880</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_xct2iRsCAkOG1Dmma_-c8w_23_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6132499</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_D4buJbzsAkCFadhTtbgZYQ_23_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">20747021</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_nhBd3s6k10OzA3SnjA_vvQ_24_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1398279</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_qXmUTi6riEKNuHKpVSQAKw_24_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2362494</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_djyCinKY00eO-WUD-yjImQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">334224635</us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_6xzS6cCLzkWlXWEWa9sQ0w"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearOne>
    <niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_gCN0nwFEG0WncbXvrAD1RA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">29986636</niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearTwo>
    <niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_B-Q3aYhkAEmGUOQ37h1EQg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">21713526</niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearThree>
    <niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_t8Vv0NIQ4EOVbbSBi-U5Pg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">75298399</niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour>
    <niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_2A9dkhcx4EqsZa_S9Uhtjg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">75298399</niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFour>
    <niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_oYYthqMlhUOiTdvBLE-lBQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">207226074</niu:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationYearFive>
    <us-gaap:SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_xFgQks7VSEqmqitIjLpQjw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Balance at the beginning of the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 41,219,052&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 24,508,473&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 40,764,285&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Additions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,567,822&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25,114,239&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 68,593,841&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Reduction&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (22,278,401)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (8,858,427)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1,575,820)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Balance at the end of the year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;24,508,473&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.42%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 40,764,285&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.84%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 107,782,306&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_byyrm8fwbkWFxHIbzOXXDw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_jqfE555jB0y6-OBCG5e95A_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">41219052</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_2lIbvVA68EqsGRF4Ul7Xpg_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">24508473</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_QtW_myojLUmBomgJ1602bQ_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">40764285</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WZt22MNLo06MQcWzQHYzsw_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5567822</us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_u1W8T1SwC0ORtY483hwQgQ_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">25114239</us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_0RAUBMUIOkybUM362bZ-qA_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">68593841</us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount>
    <niu:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_CUGUvd2eS0WFGi_uDDnpDA_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-22278401</niu:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount>
    <niu:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VfXfPkXEh06IjFHsZ0tIrg_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-8858427</niu:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount>
    <niu:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_790NZrHZ9UaJ60TbdYlSmg_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-1575820</niu:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetDecreaseAmount>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_tisOGDPs-0SBfIwN0K852Q_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">24508473</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_DGy9EdhBgUa3kPYQI_LC7g_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">40764285</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PCK9c9dPz0m7fQldbwM4zQ_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">107782306</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <niu:PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_NKpU0hoMxUihj4xqn9fuOw">P3Y</niu:PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesDueToComputationalErrors>
    <niu:PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_ymWi4808eUmYWXAOY0jazA">P5Y</niu:PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForUnderpaymentOfTaxesMoreThanSpecifiedAmount>
    <niu:MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_k1r1uGltkUSwfbWrGc-Yzw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">100000</niu:MinimumAmountOfUnderpaymentOfTaxesForStatuteOfLimitationToBeExtendedToFiveYears>
    <niu:PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Narr_Gf58jV558EyJ7DTAWxojYQ">P10Y</niu:PeriodOfStatuteOfLimitationsForTransferPricingIssues>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_kh2SOPxshEuq5UsPJ5xy9w">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;18. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The following table sets forth the basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share computation and provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for the years presented:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.46%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.46%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Numerator:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net income (loss)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 225,820,409&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (49,462,929)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (271,835,982)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Denominator:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 153,174,715&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 154,109,051&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 154,795,461&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Weighted average number of ordinary shares equivalents outstanding&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 497,643&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,067,871&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,020,644&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Denominator for basic net income (loss) per ordinary share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 153,672,358&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 155,176,922&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 156,816,105&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Dilutive effect of outstanding share options&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,366,690&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Dilutive effect of unvested restricted share units&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,421,928&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 160,460,976&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 155,176,922&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 156,816,105&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net income (loss) per ordinary share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Basic&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1.47&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.32)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1.73)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Diluted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1.41&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.32)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1.73)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Securities that could potentially dilute basic net income (loss) per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share because to do so would have been antidilutive for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 were as follow:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Share options&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,414,608&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,943,058&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Unvested restricted share units&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,890,658&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,003,074&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_iX2Al4Jbjkmrutzap3eRog">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The following table sets forth the basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share computation and provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for the years presented:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.46%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:35.46%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Numerator:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net income (loss)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 225,820,409&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (49,462,929)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (271,835,982)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Denominator:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 153,174,715&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 154,109,051&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 154,795,461&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Weighted average number of ordinary shares equivalents outstanding&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 497,643&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,067,871&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,020,644&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Denominator for basic net income (loss) per ordinary share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 153,672,358&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 155,176,922&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 156,816,105&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Dilutive effect of outstanding share options&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,366,690&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Dilutive effect of unvested restricted share units&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,421,928&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 160,460,976&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 155,176,922&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 156,816,105&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net income (loss) per ordinary share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Basic&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1.47&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.32)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1.73)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#x2014;Diluted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.14%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1.41&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (0.32)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (1.73)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_XYKfjDyOGkyEF16ore0UVw_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">225820409</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zibqvdkacUWT8l4T8XOSrw_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-49462929</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_yTnFhG3lyk-tA3Pqz7Gr2w_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-271835982</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WwoN6p3poESGy-A5nZ_wfw_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">153174715</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HkOUVenwQ0OVdi2I_laI3w_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">154109051</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZEIJpxI2ykyJOAxNdUkzcA_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">154795461</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic>
    <niu:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dflbkcQJ3UWhvP9NemRQHg_10_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">497643</niu:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic>
    <niu:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_FFl13KWeNU-Mm40uDSImXg_10_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">1067871</niu:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic>
    <niu:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iunvfcPvxES-MZMiR3OFww_10_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">2020644</niu:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesEquivalentsOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7z5rpgC4Lk-8vbqOpY3ALw_12_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">153672358</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_E44niPchXkW1ijUXZtETBg_12_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">155176922</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TvmbQlP4IEy_g5fcI30ACw_12_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">156816105</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <niu:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_N3gU2-v1NU-58845zzsQNQ_13_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">4366690</niu:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsOutstandingShareOptions>
    <niu:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_G8fbmW5nD0utstwsePr4tQ_14_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">2421928</niu:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToDilutiveEffectOfShareBasedPaymentArrangementsUnvestedRestrictedShareUnits>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iFXkSaXmpUKk0DwxxKsyIg_16_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">160460976</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_OUWcoHrQHkCCuWOioBwxiw_16_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">155176922</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc__VR8sBRXh0Owlu7mO0SzZQ_16_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">156816105</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_DQzAencBwUOX3D2BrRPyqw_19_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">1.47</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_Q98KmL6NoESws7pk17_f-g_19_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">-0.32</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_4l-FJ8cZrUaF5GZLqc9nVA_19_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">-1.73</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_quK2mKMEJU6kNPvTI6N4JQ_20_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">1.41</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_EzH4QUT37EO_tDbjS00Udg_20_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">-0.32</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="2"
      id="Tc_-yG1iiooFk2iB1_NEGdpVA_20_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Divide_CNY_shares_UeVF4-ASREuCM_neSgso4w">-1.73</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_MBpbrIEcdkuD_g2Uqv6n9Q">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Securities that could potentially dilute basic net income (loss) per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share because to do so would have been antidilutive for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 were as follow:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.84%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:27.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Share options&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,414,608&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,943,058&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:69.93%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Unvested restricted share units&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,890,658&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:12.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,003,074&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_0NKA6jA2L0G2kH7ZvVVoFA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_aOInp5u2bUyk1zR92fg9VA_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">4414608</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_pr8Gi55sWEqsMbfN2g3rug"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_k3G45Iu-bEeXbG4mp9nnNw_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">3943058</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_CjoNwIRmiECrALbFPpNGrA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_u2bH2gGoR0GPlvtumuoglQ_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">3890658</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_sJut541YS0CnP2pp3w-OzA"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Tc_3EOjSfCKbESkl0X_Qhd8Wg_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_shares_re9Z73pUxUqXzBII0wUatQ">2003074</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_i84hzFinrUGIOr0dKohwTQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;19. REVENUE INFORMATION&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Revenues consisted of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:38.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:38.06%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Electric scooter sales&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,252,988,512&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,853,895,423&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,358,658,368&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accessory and spare parts sales&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 397,088,122&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 242,296,734&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 197,634,073&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Service revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 54,460,785&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 72,405,177&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 95,465,205&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Revenues&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,704,537,419&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,168,597,334&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 2,651,757,646&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The following summarized the Group&#x2019;s revenues from the following geographic areas (based on the location of&#160;customers):&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;PRC&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,158,966,932&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,583,843,616&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,247,593,239&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Europe&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 430,201,301&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 343,157,877&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 151,521,237&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 115,369,186&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 241,595,841&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 252,643,170&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Revenues&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,704,537,419&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,168,597,334&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 2,651,757,646&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_nuucpdsX3kO0SzHHVGLqCg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:38.06%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:38.06%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Electric scooter sales&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,252,988,512&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,853,895,423&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,358,658,368&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accessory and spare parts sales&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 397,088,122&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 242,296,734&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 197,634,073&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Service revenues&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 54,460,785&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 72,405,177&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 95,465,205&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Revenues&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,704,537,419&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,168,597,334&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.53%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 2,651,757,646&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_l2uEzkhoG0S3kbSKOMQmSg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AsWpFMhNyE6bfWyna47N7Q_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3252988512</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_o1cgg7yTJ0Ot-tjoAaG0IQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PKKXJ_LESEWso88ot_6YzA_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2853895423</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_ElectricScooterSalesMember_8kFTFNpK50illq8oaP7XTg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_0WmwplwpE0aK6QWxlJEShA_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2358658368</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_1XN4Rd2kmkCNLypwu3Atkg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_cC4ZFqeGPkaP5rS6ppXKSA_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">397088122</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_vhP4KwhhhUydB4nNwizi6w"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lWqwOTWeVkCCtcyYkB7txA_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">242296734</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_niu_AccessoryAndSparePartsSalesMember_kXXzz18MSEO171UdQfJ_tg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ejsV25EV4U-642nQCMAtjQ_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">197634073</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_ytCyBXordU6KCarhZvA7Ow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_6-mPR2ordEGDU88YlZNBXQ_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">54460785</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_LQpBk3jgxUewL8qyxKETCw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_yaQ0auJIFUuw9a4LOv98VQ_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">72405177</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_us-gaap_ServiceMember_VBmuk4Qd-kK6CvZz7tNs1g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ql9PKTjEW0W5ocBs81phVw_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">95465205</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_kTCqstptCEmBN0Tzv4Fhug_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3704537419</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_lLS93qDeL0qBWleNw6JAaw_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3168597334</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_YzVBltJmVkWBkiQhGpB3Gw_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2651757646</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_OyG2CSmr6EWYkmxkC6lZLw">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:37.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;PRC&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,158,966,932&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,583,843,616&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,247,593,239&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Europe&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 430,201,301&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 343,157,877&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 151,521,237&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Others&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 115,369,186&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 241,595,841&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 252,643,170&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:60.55%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Revenues&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,704,537,419&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 3,168,597,334&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.48%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 2,651,757,646&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_6X6csY3VoUu9sux7l3fxBQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bPrAO2iCGUi2FZwVHdPIbw_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3158966932</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_3qkIUpLRNEmWMo7Jg5wc8w"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_YHARxu9AB0u3MsPr5JFdKg_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2583843616</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_country_CN_zW-pcFeiLEK0m9pJMOmKmg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_H14MENApq0uXH2mhw2hucg_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2247593239</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_srt_EuropeMember_PlQcrWiArUCWCf3n9q4EOw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_YnvczCXGtE6vg2Aj2U57UA_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">430201301</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_srt_EuropeMember_fbOKUp5yS0GTmEFZaAq6Iw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_LcuXKM6b0U-t8VJaGxbN_A_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">343157877</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_srt_EuropeMember_8TVFOiiVz0uVVezJgV8bog"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_u0EUEK0LtUanHcVpoJl6SQ_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">151521237</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_wMd2PYqRXUuhZ-FX3Yq0Ng"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_tulE2BerDEGVAV129nrq3A_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">115369186</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_ynVIJvGDhEyf__aKGjtyQw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_gwDelOuxfkq1xFnM5H5lMw_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">241595841</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_niu_OtherCountriesMember_bleBLsP0MUSW4P2SvtUcVw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dJCMM7JnxkShlYgR2IAcgw_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">252643170</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_EGj3kJlJtEG1SPAdsZNgEQ_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3704537419</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WBTeRio_Uka42s3D6G2oRA_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3168597334</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NCaCXRTTB0KF23TR3z8TIw_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2651757646</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_CTsCtcI8tkii7TBBzhQrsg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;20. OPERATING LEASES&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The Group leases its facilities and offices under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the operating lease cost were RMB11,947,682, RMB9,352,700 and RMB7,549,026, respectively, and the short-term lease cost were RMB1,357,660, RMB847,735 and RMB1,480,259, respectively. There were no leasing costs other than operating lease costs or short-term lease costs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;A summary of supplemental information related to operating leases as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 was as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Operating lease right-of-use assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 86,597,121&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 76,821,285&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_TiFC9rcIt06q_jde-_ll9Q;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Operating lease liabilities&#x2014;current (Note 12)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,743,648&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,094,066&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Operating lease liabilities&#x2014;non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,569,128&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 280,421&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total operating lease liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 15,312,776&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 5,374,487&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,569,023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,046,828&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,711,479&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,201,553&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 921,405&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,744,607&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for prepayment for land use right&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 26,550,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Modification to right-of-use assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (11,469,923)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (5,217,099)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;The weighted average remaining lease term as of December 31, 2023 was 1.1 years, and the weighted average discount rate of the operating leases was 3.92%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;Maturities of lease liabilities under the Group&#x2019;s non-cancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Within 1 year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,176,941&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;After 1 year but within 2 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 284,407&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total undiscounted lease payment&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 5,461,348&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;less: Imputed interest&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (86,861)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Present value of lease liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 5,374,487&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, the Group has no significant lease contract that has been entered into but not yet commenced.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_Dfu9Lcx9zEqhr7rdm4X28Q"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11947682</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_7MFTU9UZZESFsQ0bQio0xA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9352700</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_3FKYbwhF7EqAIDDOfTAz8g"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7549026</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_VdexZJC-k0-fTowYsIqPNA"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1357660</us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_D4zA6Nv7EUmixT_v45VTkg"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">847735</us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_EknpTm2wL0WN7Legdk4Zsw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1480259</us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost>
    <niu:LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Narr_F3zCh3m4Kke_qROICypVVw"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">0</niu:LeasingCostsOtherThanOperatingAndShortTermLeaseCosts>
    <niu:ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_0Y_FBqXRYE-rZJ4HX75XQQ">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:33.29%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Operating lease right-of-use assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 86,597,121&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 76,821,285&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden:Hidden_TiFC9rcIt06q_jde-_ll9Q;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"&gt;Operating lease liabilities&#x2014;current (Note 12)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,743,648&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,094,066&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Operating lease liabilities&#x2014;non-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,569,128&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 280,421&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total operating lease liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.62%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 15,312,776&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:15.63%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 5,374,487&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:30.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For the Year Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 9,569,023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 8,046,828&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 7,711,479&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,201,553&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 921,405&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 3,744,607&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for prepayment for land use right&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 26,550,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:67.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Modification to right-of-use assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (11,469,923)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.73%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:8.42%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.37%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:9.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (5,217,099)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</niu:ScheduleOfOperatingLeasesSupplementalInformationTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_i0-GxP2HsUy_s_pxYhc-pQ_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">86597121</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_AXOy9Jt-sEKPYaKitKZFRw_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">76821285</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Jnyx-0yRckGqixT5GS46KA_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7743648</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VeVMy48nokuSDOdF3HmViw_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5094066</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_do89vJTwnEWYtz6Hlq33aQ_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7569128</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iBRJz5dm5EevLp9c-hWHmA_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">280421</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_GnazoFchjE-YcwnIr6lR7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_317_MQRpvUqGf9DVtS3L4A_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">15312776</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_dLbE_VjcE02GpNAqb128Tg_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5374487</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc__6LTyUEOLE-0-QCLCx0tfw_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">9569023</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_NyMKiZJDl0-H6Zm0e0Gj6w_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8046828</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_zHgrxHLeb0GIzN5cnGeCEg_4_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">7711479</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_CYvIpdGjpkyykLmj4Qu0jg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_sSSFBQxrzkW6O83iLeh75w_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10201553</us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_Gh0nGoFOJ0S7k44WJ_pe5g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Q32vLawrz0GKWu4p5CPv2Q_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">921405</us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Em4_7xz-Hkeg7X01biaysg_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">3744607</us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability>
    <niu:PrepaidLandUseRight
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_603jGClF40e7jpkdeiDFPg_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">26550000</niu:PrepaidLandUseRight>
    <niu:ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_18jOqt02KkmQH7NS7vk9lQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZhNtTos9uU6o3t0FisLKww_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11469923</niu:ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities>
    <niu:ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7ag4dSQ8E0Whwfgba0r7tg_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5217099</niu:ModificationToOperatingLeaseLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      id="Narr_TV0_WRWudUO1uBjuKhQuhw">P1Y1M6D</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="4"
      id="Narr_pKVB7V-vw0aW0nAljpO2RQ"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_pure_7H_PnUJ0dkOBqjYvT75rdA">0.0392</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_od1N6_kS2U6R5FRpORLGIA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;min-height:0.0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;Within 1 year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,176,941&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;After 1 year but within 2 years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt; 284,407&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total undiscounted lease payment&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 5,461,348&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;less: Imputed interest&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"&gt; (86,861)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:middle;width:80%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Present value of lease liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.65%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:18.34%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 5,374,487&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HpKmxDaYeEiGDMhj3dk1mw_3_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5176941</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_LWPYUBOV8k2fS9Ha--BOMQ_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">284407</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_H7f3IGXWZ0a1aaR6cwZG4w_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5461348</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TtA3g2DQBUelodV5ZODusw_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">86861</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_wF5i7gIBw0-hv-SwOjQh5A"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_PrSQ_zamn0eO0mY9WWgprA_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5374487</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_IMzfLe3jx0-4y2Z6rYrKqA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;21. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;line-height:1.32;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;The Group did not have any significant capital or other commitments or guarantees or contingencies as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_jYWIRfKgY0Gv_TcmqmBi6A">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;22. PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"&gt;For the presentation of the parent company only condensed financial information, the Company records its investment in subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries, under the equity method of accounting as prescribed in ASC 323, &lt;i style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures&lt;/i&gt;. Such investments are presented on the condensed balance sheets as &#x201c;Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries&#x201d; and the subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries&#x2019; income as &#x201c;Share of income (loss) from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries&#x201d; on the condensed statements of results of operations. The parent company only condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were no material contingencies, significant provisions of long-term obligations, mandatory dividend or redemption requirements of redeemable stocks or guarantees of Niu Technologies, except for those, which have been separately disclosed in the consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:21.6pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(a)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"&gt;Condensed Balance Sheets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,375,894&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 233,958,655&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Term deposits-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 208,589,770&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 77,555,565&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 176,204,380&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 107,521,733&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Prepayments and other current assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,486,238&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,035,145&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 409,656,282&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 431,071,098&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Non-current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 906,298,879&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 671,329,320&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Other non-current assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,219&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,315,956,380&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,102,400,418&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Current liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Amount due to subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,262,270&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,564,315&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,596,233&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,219,869&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total current liabilities and total liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 5,858,503&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 8,784,184&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Shareholders&#x2019; equity:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Class A ordinary shares&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 89,428&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 90,031&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Class B ordinary shares&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,316&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,316&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Additional paid-in capital&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,915,825,641&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,964,138,365&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (16,536,686)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (9,495,674)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accumulated deficit&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (589,290,822)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (861,126,804)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total shareholders&#x2019; equity&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,310,097,877&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,093,616,234&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total liabilities and shareholders&#x2019; equity&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,315,956,380&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,102,400,418&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:21.6pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(b)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"&gt;Condensed Statements of Results of Operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total operating expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (11,441,931)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (15,414,575)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (17,739,201)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Share of income (loss) from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 235,264,719&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (39,264,560)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (270,498,551)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Interest income&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,997,621&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,216,206&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,401,770&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Income (loss) before income taxes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 225,820,409&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (49,462,929)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (271,835,982)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Income tax expense&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net income (loss)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 225,820,409&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (49,462,929)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (271,835,982)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:21.6pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;(c)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"&gt;Condensed Statements of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"&gt;Cash Flows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25,839,822&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (23,565,305)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,392,402&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,132,750&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (95,940,040)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 133,818,900&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net cash provided by financing activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,246,384&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,203,086&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 654,023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (6,107,381)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 21,972,182&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,034,789&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 42,111,575&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (95,330,077)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 152,900,114&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 241,798,776&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 283,910,351&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 188,580,274&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 283,910,351&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 188,580,274&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 341,480,388&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CondensedFinancialInformationOfParentCompanyOnlyDisclosureTextBlock>
    <srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_7yYz3e6b5EuXLFW2zDmdjg">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:25.55%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As&#160;of&#160;December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,375,894&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 233,958,655&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Term deposits-current&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 208,589,770&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 77,555,565&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 176,204,380&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 107,521,733&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Prepayments and other current assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,486,238&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 12,035,145&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 409,656,282&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 431,071,098&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Non-current assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Investment in and amount due from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 906,298,879&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 671,329,320&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Other non-current assets&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,219&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total assets&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,315,956,380&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,102,400,418&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Current liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Amount due to subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,262,270&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,564,315&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,596,233&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,219,869&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total current liabilities and total liabilities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 5,858,503&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 8,784,184&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Shareholders&#x2019; equity:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Class A ordinary shares&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 89,428&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 90,031&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Class B ordinary shares&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,316&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 10,316&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Additional paid-in capital&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,915,825,641&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,964,138,365&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (16,536,686)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (9,495,674)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Accumulated deficit&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (589,290,822)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (861,126,804)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total shareholders&#x2019; equity&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,310,097,877&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,093,616,234&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:72.23%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Total liabilities and shareholders&#x2019; equity&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.21%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,315,956,380&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.22%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:11.66%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 1,102,400,418&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_YoKc1Rlw1kaHDsINwO8Z6w_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">12375894</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_1HtZL2_yy0C9d1_xx5FY7w_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">233958655</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iOJXwfRoEEWOY8D7hurnFg_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">208589770</niu:TermDepositsWithBanks>
    <niu:TermDepositsWithBanks
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_U-SxssmVT0iehhB17uugcg_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">77555565</niu:TermDepositsWithBanks>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TykOeEaMfEmtor1fVzbCpw_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">176204380</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_5J4kicWWRUOsGxRiHytAjw_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">107521733</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TWjnqA2JeUu5C8WUx6RDSw_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">12486238</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_nEOTVHW0tkSMxSpndvfe6Q_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">12035145</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_4EKDIK4-7E-7pMcC6i9RDw_11_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">409656282</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_hn0MUYVUT0-ht8Viq9Vm4Q_11_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">431071098</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <niu:InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_qh74X9dh9Emf79U__ldYWQ_14_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">906298879</niu:InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries>
    <niu:InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_uSf7XYfVsUS1dV_IDMaFgA_14_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">671329320</niu:InvestmentInAndAmountDueFromSubsidiariesConsolidatedVariableInterestEntitiesAndVariableInterestEntitySSubsidiaries>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_y_BQpKXRy0iptMfgdDgQIA_15_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1219</us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_wMwYe_W65kiYqgl8Hxtu5Q_17_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1315956380</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_vSH00ZaUV0iY_F1sUykquw_17_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1102400418</us-gaap:Assets>
    <niu:DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3SfJyWg_MUi3ISEqWuK5BA_21_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4262270</niu:DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent>
    <niu:DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_v9TWIovWdkejGzjFkOD2zA_21_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4564315</niu:DueToSubsidiariesAndVariableInterestEntitiesCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_M5K4FZPcEkOFcKSH4OcMww_22_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1596233</niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_DijIJeYRRkOOjXiRd8V7hg_22_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4219869</niu:AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:Liabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_6lZRDEoTp0GZT_wN19_fjw_24_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5858503</us-gaap:Liabilities>
    <us-gaap:Liabilities
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_myHrf_H72EOq4Nc8w7NDoA_24_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">8784184</us-gaap:Liabilities>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_faZsmGtixkCGyg80a3U5wA"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_MJZiMEzOskKjMu5X-hetWQ_27_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">89428</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_gxD3sTM5XUayIHt3asa3xg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_WrgvvcVZxkyQH7W4gVTJfw_27_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">90031</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_pkHkAXPpWUeCYaK-uHRZow"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_9j14xk1kMkGvbEhybhzc8g_28_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10316</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockValue
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_iy3sN5cnc0aXy6sCNqD_ng"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_pAGVRB6VmkGvgEcDJcxYAw_28_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">10316</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
    <us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bjlf9NZOVUqgycYAk_xMUw_29_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1915825641</us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital>
    <us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TTTCk4brMkWCgO6wfrSe4g_29_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1964138365</us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_9f66iUN5F0eDKxt6NWs2ow_30_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-16536686</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_oIO-5OlUKUW50mHLr2Glkg_30_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-9495674</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_wntOFTF800SURFPjDSqGsw_31_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-589290822</us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit>
    <us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_mKnb7Y3wk0a1kap7pySM7Q_31_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-861126804</us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_UX4g7SSoxEWGa3euC8g6Mw_33_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1310097877</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_KFgOapFEiUq9J4kej4Zp1w_33_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1093616234</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_JIyyOTFkoU-QXbfAYgUB_g_35_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1315956380</us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_14QBu4QicUmsVMMAZPoWqQ_35_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1102400418</us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity>
    <srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_ukCafxveN0iTS6PN2P9nDA">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.87%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended&#160;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Total operating expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (11,441,931)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (15,414,575)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (17,739,201)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Share of income (loss) from subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and VIE&#x2019;s subsidiaries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 235,264,719&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (39,264,560)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (270,498,551)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Interest income&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 1,997,621&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 5,216,206&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,401,770&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Income (loss) before income taxes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 225,820,409&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (49,462,929)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (271,835,982)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Income tax expense&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; &#x2014;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.3%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net income (loss)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 225,820,409&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.82%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.03%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (49,462,929)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.96%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (271,835,982)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingExpenses
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_adV2FAQ-zEChYW_S1FbpjQ_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">11441931</us-gaap:OperatingExpenses>
    <us-gaap:OperatingExpenses
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_v1AZElZxAUqlHS2OP899Ug_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">15414575</us-gaap:OperatingExpenses>
    <us-gaap:OperatingExpenses
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_mejgetXKUkurHE542QA78A_4_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">17739201</us-gaap:OperatingExpenses>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_iRQHiZ2tdkK2seTeTZvc8A_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">235264719</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Ck-ybtcpvUaAssKLWHHqdA_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-39264560</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_y-YhUSRq4UO7_g5WcNdb_A_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-270498551</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromSubsidiariesBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_ZcFc43XPFECaWdX392xA6g_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">1997621</us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Q2Nqxeirl0m7op7Hxl_NZA_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">5216206</us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_HLPaUDROj0eBZ43SwGLN5g_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">16401770</us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_LyT7B-vG70yme4WiyxE9Uw_8_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">225820409</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_TC88Ya6pqk2qMllAc_eCog_8_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-49462929</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_QVdA7m3zZUemJI6zO1UcMg_8_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-271835982</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_hkUP_uGFc0Ck7qdlVp0xaA_11_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">225820409</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_0ZUzyuvkP0ONsMiMZ4f7Yg_11_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-49462929</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_W2AUnF3NOkCdOLk6Dr-Rhg_11_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-271835982</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <srt:ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_Q17SB1xbUUqPnbsGASOvZw"
      id="Tb_gCzf4EIBsEiF3SLWp_Jjog">&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 39.6pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;tr style="height:1pt;"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"&gt;&lt;div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:34.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;For&#160;the&#160;Year&#160;Ended December&#160;31,&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2021&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;RMB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 25,839,822&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (23,565,305)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 14,392,402&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 16,132,750&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (95,940,040)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 133,818,900&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Net cash provided by financing activities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 6,246,384&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 2,203,086&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 654,023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; (6,107,381)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 21,972,182&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 4,034,789&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 42,111,575&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; (95,330,077)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 152,900,114&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 241,798,776&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 283,910,351&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt; 188,580,274&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;background:#cceeff;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:63.39%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:7.2pt;text-indent:-7.2pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.91%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 283,910,351&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 188,580,274&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:1.92%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:10.27%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 3pt 0.05pt 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; 341,480,388&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:18pt;margin:0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:10pt;visibility:hidden;"&gt;&#x200b;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</srt:ScheduleOfCondensedCashFlowStatementTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bfcApfTQ9Emhd5pZiNFjRg_4_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">25839822</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_e6pRepD-30ar6HAhBNZ2EQ_4_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-23565305</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_JkRAA5Ssy02uG-Y3fqrkug_4_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">14392402</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Gj7xVlISNkaow3kTR3zVSQ_5_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">16132750</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_7h7ROjhNEkCih2KVR4KH5w_5_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-95940040</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VvZ_NXk6mUK3S5Al5Wn6jA_5_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">133818900</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_izTNhvWp8UqocWPZ_xfjQQ_6_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">6246384</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_UCGLoWJbBECcjzzkDXcFyg_6_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">2203086</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_VM7kxAHCNUqhWAy8Pws8Ng_6_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">654023</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
    <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_Val6RX4ooUmm_EApkGSrzg_7_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-6107381</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations>
    <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_EAjhF6fjAEawqvKqaa395A_7_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">21972182</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations>
    <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_fw4qY76IaEa3uqwAzkLNFA_7_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">4034789</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2021_To_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_dsEbpIQDF0C5aH0a3IeyOg"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_wMFPpA26c0qpWHjILBeFtg_9_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">42111575</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2022_To_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_XSp39r_ZkE6mJFrFPSQ12Q"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_bVE48buOeEWQ9IVAVLOViw_9_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">-95330077</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect
      contextRef="Duration_1_1_2023_To_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_m8Sf6F54nE298qvEZt71mw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_vQuP9d0UZE2AfkLZz-PIWA_9_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">152900114</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2020_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_Zz-BnbdK3EevMi7iPKDSRw"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_UVk2FO3HNE-9vD4MwMKAXg_11_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">241798776</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_6ZY9-3rVGk-ZoXZSuCuH7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_3jaxbhTGMEq-bWF84dbClg_11_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">283910351</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_25UKDv2RH0euhpTo2ujadg_11_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">188580274</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2021_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_6ZY9-3rVGk-ZoXZSuCuH7g"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_O94wEZHcEUqCq8y4phzi4Q_13_2"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">283910351</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2022_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_wscO5NWC6k62mF1IE5jHEQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_oEzyyi3pjEajcgQYsygMyQ_13_4"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">188580274</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="As_Of_12_31_2023_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_srt_ParentCompanyMember_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_srt_ReportableLegalEntitiesMember_PR2PSoonXka3zzZTMXh7DQ"
      decimals="0"
      id="Tc_euPKqmqtbk2KVAFUYzjmwQ_13_6"
      unitRef="Unit_Standard_CNY_dn8X2jvdcUy6l9HqMchxfg">341480388</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
</xbrl>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
